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HP 49G Pocket Guide
#KJPAJPO
Version 2.0
Quick Reference Chart 2
Function Key Guide 3
Reserved Names and Constants 6
Units 7
Error and Status Messages 8
System Information 12
System Flags 12
Object Types 17
Character Keys 18
Command Reference 20
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Quick Reference Chart
Tool Access
Alarms > ç
Algebra > ú
Arithmetic < !
Calculus < $
CAS modes h CAS
Characters > ô
Command Catalog N
Complex Numbers > ó
Constants g CONSTANTS LIB
Conversions < ^
Display h DISP
Editing Tools i
Equation Writer < o
File Manager < G
Flags h FLAGS
Libraries > ö
Math < P
Matrix Writer < %
Plotting g PLOT FUNCTIONS
Printing g I/O FUNCTIONS
Programming < N
Solve, Financial < (
Solve, Numeric > í
Solve, Symbolic < &
Statistics > ÷
Tables < E, < F
Transfer Data g I/O FUNCTIONS
Trigonometry > û
Variables j
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Function Key GuideThis section explains the use of each item on
the function key menu of the more commonly used HP 49G
applications.
Equation Writer
File Manager
EDIT Opens the selected component in the command line editor.
Make your changes, then press \ to return to Equation Writer.
CURS Enables cursor mode. Use the arrow keys to enclose the part
of the equation that you want to select in a box, then press \ to
return to selection mode, with the boxed component selected.
BIG Toggles Equation Writer between standard font and
mini-font.
EVAL Evaluates the selection. Equivalent to pressing >ù.
FACTO Applies the FACTOR command to the selection.
TEXPA Applies the TEXPAND command to the selection.
EDIT Opens the selected object. If the object can be edited, it
is opened in the command line editor.
COPY Copies the selected object. After you press COPY, select
the destination directory, and press OK to paste the object.
MOVE Moves the selected object. After you press move, select the
destination directory, and press OK to move the object to the
directory.
RCL Copies the selected object to the command line.
EVAL Evaluates the selected object.
TREE Returns to the File Manager opening screen, showing the
ports and the HOME directory.
PURGE Deletes the selected object or objects.
RENAM Renames an object. The calculator prompts for a new name
for the selected object.
NEW Opens the New Variable input form, used to create a new
variable or directory.
ORDER When you select multiple objects (using \) places the
selected objects in the order in which you selected them.
SEND Sends the selected object or objects to another
calculator.
RECV Receives objects sent from another calculator.
HALT Suspends your File Manager session. You can return to the
session by pressing
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Stack
Matrix Writer
ECHO Press ECHO, then \ to copy the contents of the current
level to the command line. Edit the contents on the command line,
and press \ to place them on level 1 of the stack.
VIEW Displays the contents of the current level in textbook
mode.
EDIT Opens the contents of the current level in the most
appropriate editor, ready for editing.
INFO Displays information about the object at the current level,
including its size in bytes.
PICK Copies the contents of the current level to stack level 1.
All existing objects are pushed up one level.
ROLL Moves the contents of the current level to level 1. The
portion of the stack below the current level is rolled up.
ROLLD Moves the contents of level 1 to the current level. The
portion of the stack beneath the current level is rolled down.
→LIST Creates a list that contains the stack objects from 1 to
the current level. The newly created list is placed on level 1 of
the stack, and the original objects are removed.
DUPN Duplicates the levels from the currently selected level to
level 1, and pushes up the existing levels to accommodate the
duplicated levels.
DROPN Deletes all levels below the selected level.
KEEP Deletes all levels above the selected level.
GOTO Prompts for a stack level to select, then selects the level
number that you enter.
LEVEL Copies the current level number to level 1 of the
stack.
EDIT Places the contents of the currently selected cell on the
command line, ready for editing.
VEC For single-row matrices, sets that the row of values is a
vector rather than a matrix. That is, when you place it on the
command line, it is enclosed in a single pair of square brackets
rather than two pairs.
←WID Reduces the width of the columns.WID→ Increases the width
of the columns.GO→ Sets that the cursor moves to the left by
default when you enter data.
GO↓ Sets that the cursor moves down by default when you enter
data.
+ROW Adds a row filled with zeros at the cursor position
–ROW Deletes the row at the cursor position.
+COL Adds a column filled with zeros at the cursor position.
–COL Deletes the column at the cursor position.
→STK Copies the selected element only to the stack or the
command line.
GOTO Displays an input form that allows you to specify the
column and row coordinates to select.
DEL Fills a selected range with zeros.
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Graphics Editor
DOT+ Turns on pixels beneath the cursor.
DOT– Turns off pixels beneath the cursor.
LINE Draws a line from a marked point to the cursor. (Press or
MARK to mark a point).
TLINE Same as LINE but toggles pixels on or off.
BOX Draws a rectangle from a marked point to the cursor.
CIRCL Draws a circle around a marked point with a radius
indicated by the position of the cursor.
MARK Marks a point. Same as pressing .
+/– Inverts the cursor when it crosses an object.LABEL Displays
axes labels.
DEL Deletes that part of the graphic bounded by a rectangle from
a marked point to the cursor.
ERASE Erases the entire graphic.
MENU Hides the function-key menu. (Press f, =, or to redisplay
the menu.)
SUB Copies to the stack that part of the graphic bounded by the
rectangle from a marked point to the cursor
REPL Pastes what was last copied with SUB.
PICT→ Copies the graphic to the stack.X,Y→ Copies the cursor
coordinates to the stack.PICT Replaces the edit menu with the
picture
menu.
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Reserved Names and ConstantsYou should avoid using certain names
for variables, because their contents are interpreted by the
calculator in set ways. Some examples are given in the following
table.
Name Use
0DETYPE The differential equation type used in the DESOLVE
command.
ALRMDAT Data for current alarms.
CST Current contents of a custom menu.
d# Indicates a user-defined derivative, where # is the number of
the defined derivative.
EPS The smallest real value below which the calculator rounds to
zero for some operations, for example EPSX0.
EQ Current equation, plotting and numeric solving.
ERABLEMSG Information relating to unevaluated integrations.
EXITED If this variable contains a program, the program runs
whenever the command line editor session is ended.
EXPR Current expression, symbolic operations.
IERR Uncertainty in current integration.
IOPAR Current parameters for I/O operations.
MODULO The value of the current modulo setting.
n1, n2, Integer coefficients used by ISOL.
PPAR Current parameters for plotting.
PRTPAR Current parameters for printing.
s1, s2, Sign coefficients used by ISOL and QUAD.
ΣDAT Current matrix of data used for statistics.ΣPAR Parameters
for statistics calculations.PRIMIT The last computed
antiderivative.
REALASUME A list of variables that the computer algebra system
assumes are real values.
STARTED If this variable contains a program, the program runs
whenever the command line editor session is started with EDIT
EDITB, VISIT, VISITB, or ] in RPN mode.
STARTERR Used to customize error message displays.
STARTEQW Used to apply a customized operation to a selected
component in Equation Writer.
STARTOFF If this variable contains a program, the program runs
whenever the calculator turns off automatically.
STARTUP If this variable contains a program, the program runs
after a warm start.
TOFF Sets the number of ticks before the calculator
automatically turns off.
TPAR Current parameters for viewing tables.
VPAR Current parameters for viewing 3-D plots.
VX The default variable used in symbolic operations.
ZPAR Zoom parameters in plotting.
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UnitsA unit object is comprised of a number and a unit separated
by the underscore character. An example is 3_ ft/s. You can use the
HP 49G to convert unit objects from one unit to another,
comparable, unit. You can also use unit objects in calculations.
The following table lists all the units you can use to create unit
objects, grouped according to their category. You choose a
category—and a unit—by first pressing >ø. (Unit abbreviations
are described in the User’s Guide.)
Length
M CM MM yd ft in
Mpc pc lyr au km Mi
nmi MiUS chain rd fath ftUS
Mil µ Å fermiArea
m^2 cm^2 b yd^2 ft^2 in^2
km^2 ha a mi^2 miUS^2 acreVolume
m^3 st cm^3 yd^3 ft^3 in^3
l galUK galC gal qt pt
ml cu ozfl ozUK tbsp tsp
bbl bu pk fbmTime
yr d h min s HzSpeed
m/s cm/s ft/s kph mph knot
c ga
Mass
kg g lb oz slug lbt
ton tonUK t ozt ct grain
u mol
Force
N dyn gf kip lbf pdlEnergy
J erg Kcal cal Btu ft×lbf
therm MeV eVPower
W hpPressure
Pa atm bar psi torr mmHg
inHg inH2OTemperature
ºC ºF K ºR
Electric Current
V A C F W
Fdy H mho S T WbAngle
º r grad arcmin arcs srLight
fc flam lx ph sb lm
cd lam
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Error and Status MessagesErrors during an operation or program
execution generally cause the operation or program to abort and a
message to appear.
The HP 49G enables you to detect and trap errors during program
execution via the IFERR command. To identify the error after it has
occurred, use the ERRN command to get its number, or ERRM to get
its message.
You can also cause an error to occur in a program, via DOERR(n),
where n is the error number of the desired error (see the table
below). You can cause a customized error to occur, via
DOERR("message"), where message is a character string of your
choice.
The following table lists both error messages and status
messages. These are sorted into categories
Radium (i.e., radioactivity)
Gy rad rem Sv Bq Ci
RViscosity
P St
Number MessageMEMORY MESSSAGES
1 Insufficient Memory5 Memory Clear
11 No Room in Port13 Recovering Memory14 Try To Recover
Memory?15 Replace RAM, press ON16 No Mem To Config All17 Undefined
FPTR Name18 Invalid bank data19 Full check Bad Crc20 Cmprs: not a
user bank21 No or 2 system bank22 Invalid bank23 Invalid bank
number24 Inexisting pack25 Pack twice26 Ins. memory27 Erase Fail,
Rom faulty28 Erase Fail, Low bats29 Erase Fail, Locked Block30
Write Adr outside ROM31 Write Fail, Rom faulty32 Write Fail, Low
bats33 Write Fail, Locked Block
257 No Room to Save Stack305 No Room to Show Stack309 Out of
Memory337 Low Memory Condition…Please Wait
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NAME AND DIRECTORY MESSAGES2 Directory Recursion3 Undefined
Local Name4 Undefined XLIB Name
10 Port Not Available12 Object Not in Port
259 Invalid User Function297 Circular Reference298 Directory Not
Allowed299 Non-Empty Directory300 Invalid Definition301 Missing
Library316 Name Conflict
3095 Invalid Name
MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEM MESSAGES6 Power Lost8 Invalid Card Data9
Object In Use
258 Can’t Edit Null Char.294 HALT Not Allowed296 Wrong Argument
Count
3092 Low Battery
PLOT AND STATISTICS MESSAGES260 No Current Equation302 Invalid
PPAR343 Y= not available
1537 Invalid ΣData1538 Nonexistent ΣDAT1539 Insufficient
ΣData1540 Invalid ΣPAR1541 Invalid ΣData LN (Neg)1542 Invalid ΣData
LN (0)1543 Invalid EQ1545 No current equation.1546 Enter eqn, press
NEW1547 Name the equation, press ENTER1548 Select plot type1549
Empty catalog1551 No stat data to plot1552 Autoscaling1554 No
current data. Enter1555 Data point, press Σ+1556 Select a model1567
Off Screen1568 Invalid PTYPE1569 Name the stat data, press
ENTER1570 Enter value (zoom out if >1) press ENTER1571 Copied to
stack1572 x axis zoom w/AUTO.1573 x axis zoom1574 y axis zoom1575 x
and y axis zoom.1582 Enter matrix, then NEW1583 No Associated
Numeric View
Number Message
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STACK AND COMMAND LINE MESSAGES262 Invalid Syntax292 Last Stack
Disabled293 Last Cmd Disabled311 Last Stack312 Last Commands315
Last Arguments317 Command Line339 Nonexistent Find Pattern340 Not
Found341 Nonexistent Replace Pattern342 Can’t Find Selection344
Warning … Changes will not be saved513 Too Few Arguments514 Bad
Argument Type515 Bad Argument Value516 Undefined Name517 LASTARG
Disabled
3093 Empty Stack
MATRIX AND ARRAY MESSAGES1281 Invalid Dimension1282 Invalid
Array Element1283 Deleting Row1284 Deleting Column1285 Inserting
Row1286 Inserting Column
SOLVE MESSAGES303 Non-Real Result
2561 Bad Guess(es)2562 Constant?2563 Interrupted2564 Zero2565
Sign Reversal2566 Extremum
TIME AND ALARM MESSAGES314 Alarms
1557 No alarms pending1558 Press ALRM to create1559 Next
alarm:1560 Past due alarm:1561 Acknowledged1562 Enter alarm, press
SET1563 Select repeat interval3329 Invalid Date3330 Invalid
Time3331 Invalid Repeat3332 Nonexistent Alarm
EQUATION WRITER AND SYMBOLIC MESSAGES304 Unable to Isolate345
Result not editable in EQW518 Incomplete Subexpression519 Implicit
() off520 Implicit () on
Number Message
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ARITHMETIC MESSAGES769 Positive Underflow770 Negative
Underflow771 Overflow772 Undefined Result773 Infinite Result
I/O AND PRINTING MESSAGES3073 Bad Packet Block Check3074
Timeout3075 Receive Error3076 Receive Buffer Overrun3077 Parity
Error3078 Transfer Failed3079 Protocol Error3080 Invalid Server
Cmd.3081 Port Closed3082 Connecting3083 Retry #3084 Awaiting Server
Cmd.3085 Sending3086 Receiving3087 Object Discarded3088 Packet
#3089 Processing Command3090 Invalid IOPAR3091 Invalid PRTPAR
UNITS MESSAGES2817 Invalid Unit2818 Inconsistent Units
Number Message
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System OperationsFor system operations, you press and hold the ;
key, then press and release certain other keys before releasing
;.
System FlagsFlags are mode settings and mode indicators. To see
a list of system flags, press h FLAGS.
Many flags can be set and cleared from input forms (such as the
Calculator Modes input form, Display Modes input form, and others).
You can also set, clear, or test a flag, by specifying the flag
number as the argument in a flag command (SF, CF, FS?, etc).
Keys Operation
;af Cold restart. Erases home and port 0 memory and resets the
calculator’s default settings.
;b Cancels keystroke (prior to key release).
;c Warm restart. Preserves memory.
;d Starts interactive self-test.
;e Starts continuous self-test.
;[ Sends screen dump to the serial port.
;9 Cancels next repeating alarm.
;- Decreases screen contrast.
;= Increases screen contrast.
;f Factory test.
Flag Description of modes (* = default)
–1 Set: Symbolic commands return principal solution.
Clear:* Symbolic commands return general solutions.
–2 Set: Symbolic constants evaluate to numbers.
Clear:* Symbolic constants stay symbolic(if flag –3 is
clear).
–3 Set: Symbolic arguments evaluate to numbers.
Clear:* Symbolic arguments stay symbolic.
–5 Set:* 1st bit (value 1) of binary integer size is 1.
Clear: 1st bit (value 1) of binary integer size is 0.
–6 Set:* 2nd bit (value 2) of binary integer size is 1.
Clear: 2nd bit (value 2) of binary integer size is 0.
–7 Set:* 3rd bit (value 4) of binary integer size is 1.
Clear: 3rd bit (value 4) of binary wordsize is 0.
–8 Set:* 4th bit (value 8) of binary wordsize is 1.
Clear: 4th bit (value 8) of binary wordsize is 0.
–9 Set:* 5th bit (value 16) of binary wordsize is 1.
Clear: 5th bit (value 16) of binary wordsize is 0.
–10 Set:* 6th bit (value 32) of binary wordsize is 1.
Clear: 6th bit (value 32) of binary wordsize is 0.
–11 Set:* HEX with –12 set, OCT with –12 clear.
Clear: DEC with –12 clear, BIN with –12 set.
–12 Set:* HEX with –11 set, BIN with –11 clear.
Clear: OCT with –11 set, DEC with –11 clear.
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–14 Set: TVM calculations use BEGIN payment mode.
Clear:* TVM calculations use END payment mode.
–15 Set: Spherical mode (with flag –16 set).
Clear:* Cylindrical mode (with flag –16 set).
–16 Set: Polar coordinate mode.
Clear:* Rectangular coordinate mode.
–17 Set:* Radians mode if –18 clear.
Clear: Degrees if –18 clear, gradians if –18 set.
–18 Set: Gradians if –17 clear.
Clear:* Radians if –17 set, degrees if –17 clear.
–19 Set: →V2 creates a complex number.Clear:* →V2 creates a 2-D
vector.
–20 Set: Underflow treated as an error.
Clear:* Underflow returns 0; sets flag –23 or –24.
–21 Set: Overflow treated as an error.
Clear:* Overflow sets flag –25 and returns ± MAXR.
–22 Set: Infinite result sets flag –26, returns ± MAXR.
Clear:* Infinite result treated as an error.
–23 Set: Negative underflow condition exists (if flag –20 is
clear).
Clear:* No negative underflow condition exists.
–24 Set: Positive underflow condition exists (if flag –20 is
clear).
Clear:* No positive underflow condition exists.
–25 Set: Overflow condition exists (if flag –21 is clear).
Clear:* No overflow condition exists.
–26 Set: Infinite result condition exists (if flag –22 is
set).
Clear:* No infinite result condition exists.
–27 Set:* Symbolic complex expression displays as 'x + yi'.
Clear: Symbolic complex expression displays as '(x,y)'.
–28 Set: Multiple equations plot simultaneously.
Clear:* Multiple equations plot sequentially.
–29 Set: No axes drawn for 2-D and statistical plots.
Clear:* Axes drawn for 2-D and statistical plots.
–31 Set: No curve filling (connecting of points) in plots.
Clear:* Curve filling (connecting of points) in plots.
–32 Set: Graphics cursor is inverse of background.
Clear:* Graphics cursor is always dark.
–35 Set: I/O objects sent in binary.
Clear:* I/O objects sent in ASCII.
–36 Set: In receiving I/O, a matching name overwrites.
Clear:* In receiving I/O, a matching name is changed.
–39 Set: I/O messages suppressed.
Clear:* I/O messages displayed.
–40 Set: Clock is displayed, providing that you have not hidden
the status area (i.e., the header).
Clear:* Clock is not displayed.
–41 Set: 24-hour clock format.
Clear:* 12-hour clock format.
Flag Description of modes (* = default)
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–42 Set: DD.MM.YY date format.
Clear:* MM/DD/YY date format.
–43 Set: Unacknowledged repeat alarms are not rescheduled.
Clear:* Unacknowledged repeat alarms are rescheduled.
–44 Set: Acknowledged alarms are retained in the alarm list.
Clear:* Acknowledged alarms are deleted from alarm list.
–49 Set: Fixed mode with –50 clear, engineering mode with –50
set.
Clear:* Standard mode with –50 clear, scientific mode with –50
set.
–50 Set: Engineering mode with –49 set, scientific mode with –49
clear.
Clear:* Fixed mode with –49 set, standard mode with –49
clear.
–51 Set: Fraction mark is a comma.
Clear:* Fraction mark is a period.
–52 Set: Level 1 object is displayed on one line.
Clear:* Level 1 object is displayed on multiple lines.
–53 Set: All parentheses are shown in algebraic expressions.
Clear:* Extra parentheses in algebraic expressions are
removed.
–54 Set: Small matrix values not set to 0; DET does not
round.
Clear:* Small matrix values are set to 0; DET rounds.
–55 Set: Most-recent arguments are not saved.
Clear:* Most-recent arguments are saved.
–56 Set: Beep tone is enabled.
Clear:* Beep tone is disabled.
–57 Set: Alarm tone is disabled.
Clear:* Alarm tone is enabled.
–58 Set: Parameter and variable INFO not displayed.
Clear:* Parameter and variable INFO are displayed.
–60 Set: Press alpha once for alpha mode lock.
Clear:* Press alpha twice for alpha mode lock.
–61 Set: Press
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–67 Set: When the clock shows (see flag –40), it is an analog
display.
Clear:* When the clock shows (see flag –40), it is a digital
display.
–68 Set: Command line automatically indents.
Clear:* Command line does not automatically indent.
–69 Set: Full-screen editing allowed.
Clear:* The cursor cannot move out of the text line.
–70 Set: →GROB can accept multi-line strings.Clear:* →GROB can
accept only single-line strings.
–71 Set: No addresses in ASM.
Clear:* Add addresses in ASM.
–72 Set: The stack display uses mini-font.
Clear:* The stack display uses the current font.
–73 Set: Command line editing uses mini-font.
Clear:* Command line editing uses the current font.
–74 Set: The stack is left-justified.
Clear:* The stack is right-justified.
–76 Set: File Manager purges need no confirmation.
Clear:* File Manager purges need confirmation.
–79 Set: Algebraic objects display on the stack in standard
form.
Clear:* Algebraic objects appear on the stack in textbook
form.
–80 Set: Textbook stack display uses minifont.
Clear:* Textbook stack display uses the current font.
–81 Set: Editing a textbook grob uses minifont.
Clear:* Editing a textbook grob uses current font.
–82 Set: Minifont used to edit algebraic in textbook mode.
Clear:* Current font used to edit algebraic in textbook
mode.
–83 Set: Grob description displayed on the stack.
Clear:* Grob contents displayed on the stack.
–85 Set: SYSRPL stack display.
Clear:* Standard stack display.
–86 Set: Program prefix off.
Clear:* Program prefix on.
–90 Set:* Choose lists displayed in mini-font.
Clear: Choose lists displayed in the current font.
–91 Set: Matrix Writer operates as a list of lists.
Clear:* Matrix Writer accepts arrays only.
–92 Set: MASD SYSRPL.
Clear:* MASD assembler.
–94 Set: In RPN mode, results are not stored in LASTCMD.
Clear:* In RPN mode, results are stored in LASTCMD.
–95 Set: Algebraic mode.
Clear:* RPN mode.
–97 Set: Lists are displayed vertically.
Clear:* Lists are displayed horizontally only.
Flag Description of modes (* = default)
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–98 Set: Vectors are displayed vertically.
Clear:* Vectors are displayed horizontally only.
–99 Set: CAS verbose mode.
Clear:* CAS concise mode.
–100 Set: Final result mode.
Clear:* Step-by-step mode.
–103 Set: Complex mode.
Clear:* Real mode.
–105 Set: Approximate mode.
Clear:* Exact mode.
–106 Set: TSIMP calls are not allowed in SERIES.
Clear:* TSIMP calls are allowed in SERIES.
–109 Set: Numeric factorization is allowed.
Clear:* Numeric factorization is not allowed.
–110 Set: Large matrices.
Clear:* Normal matrices.
–111 Set: No recursive simplification in EXPAND and TSIMP.
Clear:* Recursive simplification in EXPAND and TSIMP.
–113 Set: Do not apply linearity simplification when using
integration CAS commands.
Clear:* Apply linearity simplification when using integration
CAS commands.
–114 Set: Polynomials expressed in increasing power order.
Clear:* Polynomials expressed in decreasing power order.
–116 Set: Simplification to sine terms.
Clear:* Simplification to cosine terms
–117 Set:* Menus displayed as choose lists.
Clear: Menus displayed as function keys.
–119 Set: Non-rigorous mode.
Clear:* Rigorous mode.
–120 Set: Calculator changes modes when necessary without
prompting.
Clear:* Calculator prompts when it needs to change modes.
Flag Description of modes (* = default)
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Object TypesThe HP 49G makes use of 30 types of objects (listed
in the table below). Commands relevant to object types are:
• TYPE(obj) Returns the object’s type.
• VTYPE('name') Returns the named object’s type.
• TVARS(type) Lists all objects of the specified type in the
current directory.
• VARS Lists all objects in the current directory.
# Type Example
0 Real Number –6.02E231 Complex Number (.5,–1.57)2 String "Hi
there!"3 Real Array [[ 1 2 ][ 3 4 ]]4 Complex Array [[ (1,0) (5,–5)
][ (5,5) (0,1) ]]5 List { π 3.14 "PI" }6 Global Name X7 Local Name
j8 Program « T 11 / »9 Algebraic Object 4*π*r^2'
10 Binary Integer # EFAC11h11 Graphics Object Graphic 131 × 6412
Tagged Object :Answer: 4213 Unit Object 6_ft/min14 XLIB Name XLIB
543 815 Directory DIR … END16 Library Library 440: …17 Backup
Object Backup MYDIR18 Built-in Function SIN19 Built-in Command
CLEAR20 Internal Binary Integer 21 Extended Real No. Long Real22
Extended Complex No. Long Complex23 Linked Array Linked Array24
Character Object Character25 Code Object Code26 Library Data
Library Data 27 Minifont Font28 Integer 529 Symbolic Vector/Matrix
[x x2 x3 x4 ]30 Font Font
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Character KeysThe following table lists all the characters
available on the HP 49G. For each character, the table gives the
character’s internal number and the key or combination of keys that
display the character. (An ampersand denotes that you hold down the
first key while you press the second key). You can also display a
character using the Characters tool (> chars).
Char. No. Key(s) Char. No. Key(s)
« 31 >ô 8 85 `u�VS� 32 9 86 `v� 33 `>2 : 87 `w³ 34 `> ;
88 O� 35
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≠ 139 9α 140 `>a Ç 199 `c`>9→ 141 >0 È 200 `e`ô É 201
`e`>7↓ 143 >ô Ê 202 `e`ô Ë 203 `e`ô Ì 204 `i`d Í 205
`i`>7� 147 `>e Î 206 `i`ô Ï 207 `i`t Ð 208 `d`>9λ 150
`>N Ñ 209 `N`>8ρ 151 >ô Ò 210 `o`s Ó 211 `o`>7τ 153
`>u Ô 212 `o`v Õ 213 `o`>8$ 155 `>c Ö 214 `o`p × 215
>ôΩ 157 `>o Ø 216 `o`>9L 158 >ô Ù 217 `u`4 Û 219
`u`&2 Ü 220 `u`ô Ý 221 `y`>7£ 163 `9¤ 164 >ô ß 223
`>b¥ 165 >ô à 224 `
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Command ReferenceAll the HP 49G commands are listed in the table
commencing on page 21. A brief description of each command is
provided, together with the key or keys that provide access to the
command. Where appropriate, at least one argument (input) and the
corresponding result (output) is provided. In many cases, a command
can take many more types of argument. To se a full listing of the
arguments applicable to each command, see the Advanced User’s
Guide.
The commands are listed alphabetically. Commands referred to
solely by a non-alphabetic character—for example,%—are listed after
those referred to by alphabetic characters. Where a non-alphabetic
character is the first character—for example, →DIAG—the command is
sorted as if the character did not exist. In other cases where a
command name includes a non-alphabetic character—for example, I→R
and DIAG→—the non-alphabetic character is treated as ‘Z’ in sorting
the commands.
The commands that are functions are indicated by an asterisk at
the end of the command description. (You can include functions in
an algebraic expression.)
The codes and abbreviations used to represent the inputs and
outputs are set out in the following table.
In algebraic mode, the order that the inputs are listed is the
same as the order in which you must specify the arguments.
Similarly, the outputs are listed in the order in which they are
returned.
In RPN mode, the last input is what should be on level 1 prior
to executing the command, the second last input is what should be
on level 2, the third last on level 3, and so on. Similarly, the
last output appears on level 1, the second last appears on level 2,
and so on.
Code Meaning
x, y, a, b, etc Real number
z Real or complex number
x_units Unit object
(x, y) Complex number
n or m Integer
#n or #m Binary integer
[ vector ] Real or complex vector
[[ matrix ]] Real, symbolic, or complex matrix
[[ array ]] Real or complex array
''string '' String of characters
'symb ' Expression
'name ' Variable name
T/F True (non-zero value) or false (0)
grob Graphics object
obj Any object
{ obj x z } List of objects
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DTO
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* = function
Access Inputs Outputs
+bv =ce.
‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ z → ‘symb3’ ‘symb4’
ç TOOLS ALRM
> ç TOOLS ALRM
osine. û ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’ gument.* >û
HYPERBOLICz → acosh z
ds a N { list1 } { list2 } → { listresult }
rrent < ! MODULO ‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’
variable N ‘global’ →
21
Name Description
ABCUV Returns a solution in polynomials u and v of auwhere a and
b are polynomials, and c is a valu
ABS Returns the absolute value of its argument.*
ACK Acknowledges the oldest past-due alarm.
ACKALL Acknowledges all past-due alarms.
ACOS Returns the value of the angle with the given c
ACOS2S Replaces cos() terms with equivalent asin() ter
ACOSH Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the ar
ADD Adds corresponding elements of two lists or adnumber to each
of the elements of a list.
ADDTMOD Adds two expressions or values, modulo the
cumodulus.*
ADDTOREAL Adds the specified global name to the
reservedREALASSUME.
-
ALOG
22
* =
func
tion
ALO
GR
etur
ns th
e co
mm
on a
ntilo
garit
hm; t
hat i
s, 1
0 ra
ised
to
the
give
n po
wer
.*<
Vz
→10
z
AM
OR
TA
mor
tizes
a lo
an o
r in
vest
men
t bas
ed u
pon
the
curr
ent
amor
tizat
ion
setti
ngs.
<(
n→
prin
cipa
l in
tere
st b
alan
ce
AN
DR
etur
ns th
e lo
gica
l AN
D o
f tw
o ar
gum
ents
.*>
ì L
OG
IC#n
1 #
n 2→
#n3
AN
IMA
TE
Dis
play
s gr
aphi
c ob
ject
s in
seq
uenc
e.<
N G
RO
Bgr
obn.
..gro
b 1 n
grob
s→
sam
e st
ack
AN
SR
ecal
ls th
e nt
h an
swer
from
his
tory
.<
|n
→ob
j nA
PP
LYC
reat
es a
n ex
pres
sion
from
the
spec
ified
func
tion
nam
e an
d ar
gum
ents
.*N
{ sym
b 1 ..
. sym
b n }
‘na
me’
→‘n
ame
(sy
mb 1
… s
ymb n
)’
AR
CD
raw
s an
arc
in P
ICT
cou
nter
cloc
kwis
e.<
N P
ICT
(x, y
) x
radi
us x
q1 x
q2→
AR
CH
IVE
Cre
ates
a b
acku
p co
py o
f the
HO
ME
dire
ctor
y.<
N M
EM
OR
Y:n
port: n
ame
→A
RG
Ret
urns
the
(rea
l) po
lar
angl
e of
a c
ompl
ex n
umbe
r.*>
é(x
, y)
→θ
AR
ITD
ispl
ays
a m
enu
of a
rithm
etic
com
man
ds.
N
→A
RR
YR
etur
ns a
vec
tor
of n
rea
l or c
ompl
ex e
lem
ents
or a
mat
rix
of n
× m
rea
l or
com
plex
ele
men
ts.
N z
1 …
zn
nel
emen
t→
[ vec
tor
]
AR
RY
→Ta
kes
an a
rray
and
ret
urns
its
elem
ents
as
sepa
rate
rea
l or
com
plex
num
bers
.N
[ vec
tor
]→
z 1 …
zn
{ n
elem
ent }
AS
INR
etur
ns th
e va
lue
of th
e an
gle
with
the
give
n si
ne.*
<S
z→
asin
z
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
AXES
23
* =
func
tion
AS
IN2C
Rep
lace
s as
in()
term
s w
ith e
quiv
alen
t aco
s()
term
s.>
û‘s
ymb 1
’→
‘sym
b 2’
AS
IN2T
Rep
lace
s as
in()
term
s w
ith e
quiv
alen
t ata
n()
term
s.>
û‘s
ymb 1
’→
‘ sym
b 2’
AS
INH
Ret
urns
the
inve
rse
hype
rbol
ic s
ine
of th
e ar
gum
ent.*
>û
HY
PE
RB
OLI
Cz
→as
inh
z
AS
ND
efin
es a
key
on
the
user
key
boar
d by
ass
igni
ng th
e gi
ven
obje
ct to
the
key
x key
, spe
cifie
d as
row
col
umn.
posi
tion.N
obj
x key
→
AS
RS
hifts
a b
inar
y in
tege
r on
e bi
t to
the
right
, exc
ept f
or th
e m
ost s
igni
fican
t bit,
whi
ch is
mai
ntai
ned.
>ì
BIT
#n1
→#n
2
ATA
NR
etur
ns th
e va
lue
of th
e an
gle
havi
ng th
e gi
ven
tang
ent.*
<U
z→
atan
z
ATA
N2S
Rep
lace
s at
an(x
) te
rms
with
asi
n(x)
term
s.>
û‘s
ymb 1
’→
‘sym
b 2’
ATA
NH
Ret
urns
the
inve
rse
hype
rbol
ic ta
ngen
t of t
he a
rgum
ent.*
>û
HY
PE
RB
OLI
Cz
→at
anh
z
AT
ICK
Set
s th
e ax
es ti
ck-m
ark
anno
tatio
n in
the
rese
rved
va
riabl
e P
PA
R.
Nx
→
AT
TAC
HA
ttach
es th
e lib
rary
with
the
spec
ified
num
ber
to th
e cu
rren
t dire
ctor
y.N
nlib
rary
→
AU
TO
Cal
cula
tes
a y-
axis
dis
play
ran
ge, o
r an
x-
and
y-ax
is
disp
lay
rang
e.N
AX
ES
Spe
cifie
s th
e in
ters
ectio
n co
ordi
nate
s of
, and
labe
ls fo
r, th
e x-
and
y-a
xes,
and
the
tick-
mar
k an
nota
tion.
N(x
, y)
→
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
AXL
24
* =
func
tion
AX
LC
onve
rts
a lis
t to
an a
rray
, or
an a
rray
to a
list
.<
^{li
st}/
[[ ar
ray
]]→
[[ ar
ray
]]/{li
st}
AX
MC
onve
rts
a nu
mer
ic a
rray
into
a s
ymbo
lic m
atrix
.<
%
OP
ER
AT
ION
S[[
arra
y ]]
→[[
mat
rix ]]
AX
QC
onve
rts
a sq
uare
mat
rix in
to th
e as
soci
ated
qua
drat
ic
form
.<
^[[
mat
rix ]]
→‘s
ymb’
[ ve
ctor
]
BA
RS
ets
the
plot
type
to B
AR
.N
BA
RP
LOT
Plo
ts a
bar
cha
rt o
f the
spe
cifie
d co
lum
n of
the
curr
ent
stat
istic
s m
atrix
(re
serv
ed v
aria
ble
ΣDA
T).
N
BA
SE
Dis
play
s a
men
u of
bas
ic a
lgeb
ra c
omm
ands
.N
BA
UD
Spe
cifie
s bi
t-tr
ansf
er r
ate.
Nn
baud
rate
→B
EE
PS
ound
s a
tone
at n
her
tz fo
r x
seco
nds.
<N
OU
Tn
freq
uenc
y x
dura
tion
→B
ES
TF
ITE
xecu
tes
LR w
ith th
e fo
ur c
urve
fitti
ng m
odel
s, a
nd s
elec
ts
the
mod
el y
ield
ing
the
larg
est c
orre
latio
n co
effic
ient
.N
BIN
Sel
ects
bin
ary
base
for
bina
ry in
tege
r op
erat
ions
.N
BIN
SS
orts
the
elem
ents
of t
he in
depe
nden
t col
umn
of th
e cu
rren
t sta
tistic
s m
atrix
into
(n b
ins
+ 2
) bi
ns.
Nx m
in x
wid
th n
bins
→[[
nbi
n 1
… n
bin
n ]]
[ n
bin
L n
bin
R ]
BLA
NK
Cre
ates
a b
lank
gro
b of
the
spec
ified
wid
th a
nd h
eigh
t.<
N G
RO
B#n
wid
th #
mhe
ight
→gr
obbl
ank
BO
XD
raw
s in
PIC
T a
box
who
se o
ppos
ite c
orne
rs a
re d
efin
ed
by th
e sp
ecifi
ed p
ixel
or
user
-uni
t coo
rdin
ates
.<
N P
ICT
{ #n
1 #m
1 }
{ #
n 2 #
m2
}→
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
CH
OO
SE
* = function
input rror
N → nchars 0/1
for the ì #n → nN
-
CHR
26
* =
func
tion
CH
RR
etur
ns a
str
ing
repr
esen
ting
the
char
acte
r cor
resp
ondi
ng
to th
e ch
arac
ter
code
n.
<N
TY
PE
n→
“str
ing”
CK
SM
Spe
cifie
s th
e er
ror-
dete
ctio
n sc
hem
e.N
nch
ecks
um→
CLE
AR
Rem
oves
all
obje
cts
from
the
stac
k or
his
tory
.>
ob
j n ...
obj 1
→C
LKA
DJ
Adj
usts
the
syst
em ti
me
by x
clo
ck ti
cks,
whe
re 8
192
cloc
k tic
ks e
qual
1 s
econ
d.>
ç T
OO
LSx
→
CLL
CD
Cle
ars
(bla
nks)
the
stac
k di
spla
y.<
N O
UT
CLO
SE
IOC
lose
s th
e se
rial p
ort,
and
clea
rs th
e in
put b
uffe
r an
d an
y er
ror
mes
sage
s fo
r K
ER
RM
.N
CLΣ
Pur
ges
the
curr
ent s
tatis
tics
mat
rix.
N
CLV
AR
Pur
ges
all v
aria
bles
and
em
pty
subd
irect
orie
s in
the
curr
ent d
irect
ory.
N
CM
PLX
Dis
play
s a
men
u of
com
man
ds p
erta
inin
g to
com
plex
nu
mbe
rs.
N
CN
RM
Ret
urns
the
colu
mn
norm
(on
e-no
rm)
of th
e ar
ray
argu
men
t.<
%
OP
ER
AT
ION
S[ a
rray
]→
x col
umn
norm
CO
L–D
elet
es c
olum
n n
of a
mat
rix, a
nd r
etur
ns th
e m
odifi
ed
mat
rix (
or v
ecto
r) a
nd th
e de
lete
d co
lum
n (o
r el
emen
t).
< P
MA
TR
IX
CO
L [[
mat
rix ]]
1 n
colu
mn
→[[
mat
rix ]]
2 [
vect
or ]
colu
mn
CO
L+In
sert
s an
arr
ay in
to a
mat
rix a
t the
pos
ition
indi
cate
d by
n i
ndex
, and
ret
urns
the
mod
ified
arr
ay.
< P
MA
TR
IX
CO
L [ v
ecto
r ] 1
nel
emen
t n
inde
x→
[ vec
tor
] 2
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
CONT
27
* =
func
tion
→C
OL
Tran
sfor
ms
a m
atrix
into
a s
erie
s of
col
umn
vect
ors
and
retu
rns
the
vect
ors
and
a co
lum
n co
unt.
< P
MA
TR
IX
CO
L [[
mat
rix ]]
→[ v
ecto
r ] c
ol1
[ v
ecto
r ] c
oln
nco
lcou
nt
CO
L→Tr
ansf
orm
s a
serie
s of
col
umn
vect
ors
and
a co
lum
n co
unt i
nto
a m
atrix
con
tain
ing
thos
e co
lum
ns.
< P
MA
TR
IX
CO
L[ v
ecto
r ] c
ol1 [
vec
tor
] col
n n
colc
ount
→[[
mat
rix ]]
CO
LCT
Fac
toriz
es a
pol
ynom
ial o
r in
tege
r. Id
entic
al to
FA
CT
OR
.N
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
CO
LΣS
peci
fies
the
inde
pend
ent-
varia
ble
and
depe
nden
t-va
riabl
e co
lum
ns o
f the
cur
rent
sta
tistic
s m
atrix
.N
x col y
col
→
CO
MB
Ret
urns
the
num
ber
of p
ossi
ble
com
bina
tions
of
n ite
ms
take
n m
at a
tim
e.*
< P
P
RO
BA
BIL
ITY
n m
→C
n,m
CO
NR
etur
ns a
con
stan
t arr
ay, d
efin
ed a
s an
arr
ay w
hose
el
emen
ts a
ll ha
ve th
e sa
me
valu
e.<
P M
AT
RIX
M
AK
E{
nco
lum
ns }
zco
nsta
nt→
[ vec
tor c
onst
ant ]
CO
ND
Ret
urns
the
1-no
rm (
colu
mn
norm
) co
nditi
on n
umbe
r of
a
squa
re m
atrix
.<
P M
AT
RIX
N
OR
MA
LIZ
E[[
mat
rix ]]
m×
n→
x con
ditio
nnu
mbe
r
CO
NIC
Set
s th
e pl
ot ty
pe to
CO
NIC
.N
CO
NJ
Con
juga
tes
a co
mpl
ex n
umbe
r or
a c
ompl
ex a
rray
.*>
óx
→x
CO
NLI
BO
pens
the
Con
stan
ts L
ibra
ry c
atal
og.
g C
ON
STA
NT
S
LIB
CO
NS
TR
etur
ns th
e va
lue
of a
con
stan
t.*N
‘nam
e’→
x
CO
NT
Res
umes
exe
cutio
n of
a h
alte
d pr
ogra
m.
<:
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
CONVERT
28
* =
func
tion
CO
NV
ER
TC
onve
rts
a so
urce
uni
t obj
ect t
o th
e di
men
sion
s of
a ta
rget
un
it.<
^ U
NIT
S
TO
OLS
x1
_uni
tsso
urce
x2_
units
targ
et→
x 3_u
nits
targ
et
CO
RR
Ret
urns
the
corr
elat
ion
coef
ficie
nt o
f the
inde
pend
ent a
nd
depe
nden
t dat
a co
lum
ns in
the
curr
ent s
tatis
tics
mat
rix.
i→
x cor
rela
tion
CO
SR
etur
ns th
e co
sine
of t
he a
rgum
ent.*
tz
→co
s z
CO
SH
Ret
urns
the
hype
rbol
ic c
osin
e of
the
argu
men
t.*>
û
HY
PE
RB
OLI
Cz
→co
sh z
CO
VR
etur
ns th
e sa
mpl
e co
varia
nce
of th
e in
depe
nden
t and
de
pend
ent d
ata
colu
mns
in th
e cu
rren
t sta
tistic
s m
atrix
.N
→x c
ovar
ianc
e
CR
Prin
ts th
e co
nten
ts, i
f any
, of t
he p
rinte
r bu
ffer.
N
CR
DIR
Cre
ates
an
empt
y su
bdire
ctor
y w
ith th
e sp
ecifi
ed n
ame
in
the
curr
ent d
irect
ory.
<N
ME
MO
RY
DIR
EC
TO
RY
‘glo
bal’
→
CR
OS
SR
etur
ns th
e cr
oss
prod
uct C
= A
× B
of v
ecto
rs A
and
B.
< P
VE
CT
OR
[ vec
tor
] A [
vec
tor
] B→
[ vec
tor
] A ×
B
CS
WP
Sw
aps
colu
mns
i an
d j o
f the
arg
umen
t mat
rix a
nd r
etur
ns
the
mod
ified
mat
rix.
< %
C
RE
AT
E C
OLU
MN
[[ m
atrix
]]1
nco
lum
ni
nco
lum
nj
→[[
mat
rix ]]
2
CU
RL
Ret
urns
the
curl
of a
thre
e-di
men
sion
al v
ecto
r fu
nctio
n.<
$ D
ER
IV
AN
D IN
TE
G[ v
ecto
r 1 ]
[[ a
rray
1 ]]
→‘s
ymb 1
’
CY
LIN
Set
s C
ylin
dric
al c
oord
inat
e m
ode.
N
C→
PX
Con
vert
s th
e sp
ecifi
ed u
ser-
unit
coor
dina
tes
to p
ixel
co
ordi
nate
s.<
N P
ICT
(x, y
)→
{ #n
, #m
}
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
DELALARM
29
* =
func
tion
C→
RS
epar
ates
the
real
and
imag
inar
y pa
rts
of a
com
plex
nu
mbe
r or
com
plex
arr
ay.
<N
TY
PE
(x, y
)→
x y
DA
RC
YC
alcu
late
s th
e D
arcy
fric
tion
fact
or o
f cer
tain
flui
d flo
ws.
*N
xe/D
yR
e→
x Dar
cy
→D
AT
ES
ets
the
syst
em d
ate
to d
ate.
>ç
TO
OLS
date
→D
AT
ER
etur
ns th
e sy
stem
dat
e.>
ç T
OO
LS→
date
DA
TE
+R
etur
ns a
pas
t or
futu
re d
ate,
giv
en a
dat
e in
arg
umen
t 1/
leve
l 2 a
nd a
num
ber
of d
ays
in a
rgum
ent 2
/leve
l 1.
>ç
TO
OLS
da
te1
xda
ys→
date
new
DB
UG
Sta
rts
prog
ram
exe
cutio
n, th
en s
uspe
nds
it as
if H
ALT
w
ere
the
first
pro
gram
com
man
d.N
« pr
ogra
m »
or
‘pro
gram
nam
e’→
DD
AY
SR
etur
ns th
e nu
mbe
r of
day
s be
twee
n tw
o da
tes.
>ç
TO
OLS
date
1 d
ate 2
→x d
ays
DE
CS
elec
ts d
ecim
al b
ase
for
bina
ry in
tege
r op
erat
ions
. (T
he
defa
ult b
ase
is d
ecim
al).
N
DE
CR
Take
s a
varia
ble,
sub
trac
ts 1
, sto
res
the
new
val
ue b
ack
into
the
orig
inal
var
iabl
e, a
nd r
etur
ns th
e ne
w v
alue
.<
N M
EM
OR
Y
AR
ITH
ME
TIC
‘nam
e’→
x new
DE
FIN
ES
tore
s th
e ex
pres
sion
on
the
right
sid
e of
the
= in
the
varia
ble
spec
ified
on
the
left
side
, or
crea
tes
a us
er-
defin
ed fu
nctio
n.
<#
‘nam
e=ex
p’→
DE
GS
ets
the
angl
e m
ode
to d
egre
es.
N
DE
LALA
RM
Del
etes
the
spec
ified
ala
rm.
>ç
TO
OLS
A
LRM
nin
dex
→
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
DELAY
30
* =
func
tion
DE
LAY
Spe
cifie
s ho
w m
any
seco
nds
the
HP
49 w
aits
bet
wee
n se
ndin
g lin
es o
f inf
orm
atio
n to
the
prin
ter.
Nx d
elay
→
DE
LKE
YS
Cle
ars
user
-def
ined
key
ass
ignm
ents
.N
x key
→D
EP
ND
Spe
cifie
s th
e de
pend
ent v
aria
ble
(and
its
plot
ting
rang
e fo
r T
RU
TH
plo
ts).
N‘g
loba
l’→
DE
PT
HR
etur
ns a
rea
l num
ber
repr
esen
ting
the
num
ber
of
obje
cts
pres
ent o
n th
e st
ack
(bef
ore
DE
PT
H w
as
exec
uted
).
<N
ST
AC
K
→n
DE
RIV
Ret
urns
the
part
ial d
eriv
ativ
es o
f a fu
nctio
n, w
ith r
espe
ct
to th
e sp
ecifi
ed v
aria
bles
.*<
$ D
ER
IV
AN
D IN
TE
G‘s
ymb 1
’ z
→‘s
ymb 2
’
DE
RV
XR
etur
ns th
e de
rivat
ive
of a
func
tion
with
res
pect
to th
e cu
rren
t var
iabl
e.*
<$
DE
RIV
A
ND
INT
EG
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
DE
SO
LVE
Sol
ves
cert
ain
first
-ord
er o
rdin
ary
diffe
rent
ial e
quat
ions
w
ith r
espe
ct to
the
curr
ent v
aria
ble.
<&
‘sym
b 1’
‘sym
b 2’
→‘s
ymb 3
’
DE
TR
etur
ns th
e de
term
inan
t of a
squ
are
mat
rix.
< %
O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
[[ m
atrix
]]→
x det
erm
inan
t
DE
TAC
HD
etac
hes
the
libra
ry w
ith th
e sp
ecifi
ed n
umbe
r fr
om th
e cu
rren
t dire
ctor
y.N
n lib
rary
→
→D
IAG
Ret
urns
a v
ecto
r th
at c
onta
ins
the
maj
or d
iago
nal
elem
ents
of a
mat
rix.
<%
C
RE
AT
E[[
mat
rix ]]
→[ v
ecto
r ] d
iago
nals
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
DO
ER
R
* = function
matrix ray.
< % CREATE
[ array ]diagonals { dim } → [[ matrix ]]
N
N
s modulo
an integer.
SERIES‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ z → ‘symb3’
cture.
-
DOLIST
32
* =
func
tion
DO
LIS
TA
pplie
s co
mm
ands
, pro
gram
s, o
r us
er-d
efin
ed fu
nctio
ns
to li
sts.
<N
LIS
T
PR
OC
ED
UR
ES
{ lis
t }1
... {
list
}n
n «
pro
gram
»→
{ re
sults
}
DO
SU
BS
App
lies
a pr
ogra
m o
r co
mm
and
to g
roup
s of
ele
men
ts in
a
list.
<N
LIS
T
PR
OC
ED
UR
ES
{ lis
t }1
n «
pro
gram
»→
{ lis
t }2
DO
TR
etur
ns th
e do
t pro
duct
A·B
of t
wo
arra
ys A
and
B.
< %
V
EC
TO
R[ a
rray
A ]
[ ar
ray B
]→
x
DR
AW
Plo
ts th
e m
athe
mat
ical
dat
a in
the
rese
rved
var
iabl
e E
Q.N
DR
AW
3DM
AT
RIX
Dra
ws
a 3D
plo
t fro
m th
e va
lues
in a
spe
cifie
d m
atrix
.N
[[ m
atrix
]] v
min
vm
ax→
DR
AX
Dra
ws
axes
in P
ICT.
N
DR
OP
Rem
oves
the
leve
l 1 o
bjec
t fro
m th
e st
ack.
<N
ST
AC
Kob
j→
DR
OP
2R
emov
es th
e fir
st tw
o ob
ject
s fr
om th
e st
ack.
<N
ST
AC
Kob
j 1 o
bj2
→D
RO
PN
Rem
oves
the
first
n +
1 o
bjec
ts fr
om th
e st
ack
(the
firs
t n
obje
cts
excl
udin
g th
e in
tege
r n
itsel
f).
<N
ST
AC
Kob
j 1 ..
. obj
n n
→
DTA
GR
emov
es a
ll ta
gs (
labe
ls)
from
an
obje
ct.
<N
TY
PE
tag:
obj
→ob
j
DU
PR
etur
ns a
cop
y of
the
argu
men
t (or
the
obje
ct o
n le
vel 1
).<
N S
TA
CK
obj
→ob
j ob
j
DU
P2
Ret
urns
cop
ies
of th
e tw
o ar
gum
ents
(or
the
obje
cts
on
leve
ls 1
and
2 o
f the
sta
ck).
<N
ST
AC
Kob
j 2 o
bj1
→ob
j 2 o
bj1
obj
2 o
bj1
DU
PD
UP
Dup
licat
es a
n ob
ject
twic
e.N
obj
→ob
j ob
j ob
j
Nam
eD
escr
iptio
nA
cces
sIn
puts
Out
puts
-
EN
DS
UB
* = function
eturns + 1.
POLYNOMIAL‘symb1’ ‘symb2’ → ‘symb3’ ‘symb4’ ‘symb5’
ors for a < % EIGENVECTOR
[[matrix ]]A → [[matrix ]]EVec [vector ]EVal
< % EIGENVECTOR
[[ matrix ]]A → [ vector ]EVal
ing
-
ENG
34
* =
func
tion
EN
GS
ets
the
num
ber
disp
lay
form
at to
eng
inee
ring
mod
e.N
n→
EP
SX
0R
epla
ces
with
zer
o th
ose
coef
ficie
nts
in a
pol
ynom
ial t
hat
have
an
abso
lute
val
ue le
ss th
an th
e va
riabl
e E
PS
.N
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
EQ
WO
pens
Equ
atio
n W
riter
, whe
re y
ou c
an e
dit a
n ex
pres
sion
.N
exp 1
→ex
p 2E
Q→
Sep
arat
es a
n eq
uatio
n in
to it
s le
ft an
d rig
ht s
ides
.<
N T
YP
E‘s
ymb 1
=sym
b 2’
→‘s
ymb 1
’ ‘s
ymb 2
’
ER
AS
EE
rase
s P
ICT,
leav
ing
a bl
ank
PIC
T o
f the
sam
e di
men
sion
s.N
ER
R0
Cle
ars
the
last
err
or n
umbe
r (a
nd m
essa
ge)
so th
at a
su
bseq
uent
exe
cutio
n of
ER
RN
ret
urns
# 0
h.<
N E
RR
OR
ER
RM
Ret
urns
a s
trin
g co
ntai
ning
the
erro
r m
essa
ge o
f the
mos
t re
cent
cal
cula
tor
erro
r.<
N E
RR
OR
→“e
rror
mes
sage
”
ER
RN
Ret
urns
the
erro
r nu
mbe
r of
the
mos
t rec
ent c
alcu
lato
r er
ror.
<N
ER
RO
R→
#ner
ror
EU
LER
Ret
urns
the
num
ber
of in
tege
rs le
ss th
an a
spe
cifie
d in
tege
r th
at a
re c
o-pr
ime
with
the
inte
ger.*
<!
INT
EG
ER
z 1→
z 2
EV
AL
Eva
luat
es th
e ob
ject
.>
ùob
j→
EX
LRR
etur
ns th
e le
ft- a
nd r
ight
-han
d si
des
of a
n eq
uatio
n as
di
scre
te e
xpre
ssio
ns.
N‘s
ymb 1
’→
‘sym
b 2’
‘sym
b 3’
EX
PR
etur
ns th
e ex
pone
ntia
l, or
nat
ural
ant
iloga
rithm
, of t
he
argu
men
t; th
at is
, e r
aise
d to
the
give
n po
wer
.*<
Qz
→ez
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
FAC
TO
RM
OD
* = function
n. N ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’n. >ú ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’ the current
utions of N
ssion to ú ‘symb1’ → ‘symb2’dulus. The umber.*
Name Description Access Inputs Outputs
35
EXPAN Expands and simplifies an algebraic expressio
EXPAND Expands and simplifies an algebraic expressio
EXPANDMOD Expands and simplifies an expression,
modulomodulus.*
EXPFIT Stores EXPFIT in ΣPAR, thus subsequent execLR will use
the exponential curve fitting model.
EXPLN Transforms the trigonometric terms in an expreexponential
and logarithmic terms.
EXPM Returns ex – 1.*
EYEPT Specifies the coordinates of the eye point in a pplot.
F0λ Returns the fraction of total black-body emissivtemperature
xT between wavelengths 0 and yla
FACT FACT is the same as !. See !.
FACTOR Factorizes a polynomial or an integer.
FACTORMOD Factorizes a polynomial modulo the current momodulus
must be less than 100, and a prime n
-
FACTORS
36
* =
func
tion
FAC
TO
RS
For
a v
alue
or
expr
essi
on, r
etur
ns a
list
of p
rime
fact
ors
and
thei
r m
ultip
liciti
es.
<!
z→
{ lis
t }
FAN
NIN
GC
alcu
late
s th
e F
anni
ng fr
ictio
n fa
ctor
of c
erta
in fl
uid
flow
s.*
Nx x
/D y
Re
→x f
anni
ng
FAS
T3D
Set
s th
e pl
ot ty
pe to
FA
ST
3D
.N
FC
OE
FF
rom
an
arra
y of
roo
ts a
nd m
ultip
liciti
es/p
oles
, ret
urns
a
ratio
nal p
olyn
omia
l with
a le
adin
g co
effic
ient
of
1.<
!
PO
LYN
OM
IAL
[[ ar
ray 1
]]→
‘sym
b 1’
FC
?Te
sts
whe
ther
the
spec
ified
sys
tem
or
user
flag
is c
lear
, an
d re
turn
s a
corr
espo
ndin
g te
st r
esul
t.<
N T
ES
T
nfla
gnu
mbe
r→
0/1
FC
?CTe
sts
whe
ther
the
spec
ified
sys
tem
or
user
flag
is c
lear
, re
turn
s a
corr
espo
ndin
g te
st r
esul
t, an
d th
en c
lear
s th
e fla
g.
<N
TE
ST
nfla
gnu
mbe
r→
0/1
FF
TC
ompu
tes
the
one-
or
two-
dim
ensi
onal
dis
cret
e F
ourie
r tr
ansf
orm
of a
n ar
ray.
< P
FF
T[ a
rray
] 1→
[ arr
ay ] 2
FIL
ER
Ope
ns F
ile M
anag
er.
< G
FIN
DA
LAR
MR
etur
ns th
e al
arm
inde
x n i
ndex
of t
he fi
rst a
larm
due
afte
r th
e sp
ecifi
ed ti
me.
>ç
TO
OLS
A
LRM
date
→n
inde
x
FIN
ISH
Term
inat
es K
erm
it S
erve
r m
ode
in a
con
nect
ed d
evic
e.N
FIX
Set
s th
e nu
mbe
r di
spla
y fo
rmat
to fi
x m
ode,
whi
ch r
ound
s th
e di
spla
y to
n d
ecim
al p
lace
s.N
n→
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
FR
OO
TS
* = function
N #n function →r equal to < P REAL x → n
N → objN → objN → objN → objN obj →
e loop Name Description Access Inputs Outputs
37
FLASHEVAL Evaluates unnamed flash functions.
FLOOR Returns the greatest integer that is less than othe
argument.*
→FONT Returns the current system font.FONT6 Returns the system
FONT 6 object.
FONT7 Returns the system FONT 7 object.
FONT8 Returns the system FONT 8 object.
FONT→ Sets the system font.*FOR Starts FOR … NEXT and FOR … STEP
definit
structures.
FOURIER Returns the nth coefficient of a complex
Fourieexpansion.*
FP Returns the fractional part of the argument.*
FREEZE Freezes the specified part of the display so thaupdated
until a key is pressed.
FROOTS For a rational polynomial, returns an array of itpoles,
with their corresponding multiplicities.
-
38
FS
?
* = function
is set, and omials
list, or an
-
HE
X
* = function
ct, where object.
N obj ncharsize → grob
N grob1 grob2 → grob3f an les.
-
40
HIL
BE
RT
* = function
order. ç TOOLS x → HMS
ere the rs-minutes-
>ç TOOLS HMS1 HMS2 → HMS1 – HMS2
e rs-minutes-
>ç TOOLS HMS1 HMS2 → HMS1 + HMS2
nds format >ç TOOLS HMS → x
y. N
‘symb1’ z1 → ‘symb2’ z2 z3
l
-
IFT
* = function
v = c,
teger.* N n1 → z1art of a/b,
< % CREATE
n → [[ R-matrixidentity ]]
ers, a, b,
ELSE …
-
IFTE
42
* =
func
tion
IFT
EE
xecu
tes
the
obj i
n ar
gum
ent 2
or l
evel
2 if
T/F
is n
onze
ro.
Exe
cute
s th
e ob
j in
argu
men
t 3 o
r le
vel 1
if T
/F is
zer
o.*
<N
BR
AN
CH
T/F
obj
true
obj
fals
e→
ILA
PR
etur
ns th
e in
vers
e La
plac
e tr
ansf
orm
of a
n ex
pres
sion
. T
he e
xpre
ssio
n m
ust e
valu
ate
to a
rat
iona
l fra
ctio
n.*
<$
DIF
FE
RE
NT
IAL
EQ
NS
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
IMR
etur
ns th
e im
agin
ary
part
of i
ts c
ompl
ex a
rgum
ent.*
> ó
x→
0
INC
RTa
kes
a va
riabl
e, a
dds
1, s
tore
s th
e ne
w v
alue
bac
k in
to
the
orig
inal
var
iabl
e, a
nd r
etur
ns th
e ne
w v
alue
.<
N M
EM
OR
Y
AR
ITH
ME
TIC
‘nam
e’→
x inc
rem
ent
IND
EP
Spe
cifie
s th
e in
depe
nden
t var
iabl
e an
d its
plo
tting
ran
ge.N
‘glo
bal’
→IN
FO
RM
Cre
ates
a u
ser-
defin
ed in
put f
orm
(di
alog
box
).<
N IN
“titl
e” {
s 1, s
2, ..
. sn
} fo
rmat
{re
sets
} {
init
}→
{ va
ls }
1
INP
UT
Pro
mpt
s fo
r da
ta in
put t
o th
e co
mm
and
line
and
halts
st
ack
or c
omm
and
line
oper
atio
ns.
<N
IN“s
tack
pro
mpt
” “
com
man
d-lin
epr
ompt
”→
“res
ult”
INT
Cal
cula
tes
the
antid
eriv
ativ
e of
a fu
nctio
n fo
r a
give
n va
riabl
e, a
t a g
iven
poi
nt.*
N‘s
ymb 1
’ ‘s
ymb 2
’ ‘s
ymb 3
’→
‘sym
b 4’
INT
VX
Fin
ds th
e an
tider
ivat
ive
of a
func
tion
sym
bolic
ally
, with
re
spec
t to
the
curr
ent d
efau
lt va
riabl
e.*
<$
DE
RIV
. &
INT
EG
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
INV
Ret
urns
the
reci
proc
al o
r th
e m
atrix
inve
rse.
*y
z→
1/z
INV
MO
DP
erfo
rms
mod
ular
inve
rsio
n on
an
obje
ct m
odul
o th
e cu
rren
t mod
ulus
.*<
! M
OD
ULO
obj 1
→ob
j 1
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
KGET
43
* =
func
tion
IPR
etur
ns th
e in
tege
r pa
rt o
f the
arg
umen
t.*<
P R
EA
Lx
→n
IQU
OT
Ret
urns
the
inte
ger
quot
ient
of t
wo
inte
gers
.*<
! IN
TE
GE
Rn 1
n2
→ n
3
IRE
MA
IND
ER
Ret
urns
the
rem
aind
er o
f an
inte
ger
divi
sion
.*N
n 1 n
2→
n3
ISO
LR
etur
ns a
n al
gebr
aic
sym
b 2 th
at r
earr
ange
s sy
mb 1
to
isol
ate
the
first
occ
urre
nce
of v
aria
ble
glob
al.
< &
‘ sym
b 1’
‘glo
bal’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
ISP
RIM
E?
Test
s if
a nu
mbe
r is
prim
e.*
<!
INT
EG
ER
obj 1
→T
/F
I→R
Con
vert
s an
inte
ger
into
a r
eal n
umbe
r.*
Nn
→z
JOR
DA
NC
ompu
tes
the
eige
nval
ues,
eig
enve
ctor
s, m
inim
um
poly
nom
ial,
and
char
acte
ristic
pol
ynom
ial o
f a m
atrix
.<
%
EIG
EN
VE
CT
OR
S[[
mat
rix1
]]→
‘sym
b 1’
‘sym
b 2’
{ lis
t 1 }
[[ a
rray
1 ]]
KE
RR
MR
etur
ns th
e te
xt o
f the
mos
t rec
ent K
erm
it er
ror
pack
et.N
→“e
rror
mes
sage
”
KE
YS
uspe
nds
prog
ram
exe
cutio
n un
til a
key
is p
ress
ed, t
hen
retu
rns
the
row
-col
umn
loca
tion
x nm
of t
hat k
ey.
<N
IN→
x n m
1
KE
YE
VA
LA
ctio
ns th
e sp
ecifi
ed k
ey p
ress
.N
rc.p
1→
→K
EY
TIM
ES
ets
a ne
w k
eytim
e va
lue,
or
the
time
in ti
cks
afte
r a
keyp
ress
unt
il an
othe
r ke
y is
act
ione
d.N
time
→
KE
YT
IME
→D
ispl
ays
the
curr
ent k
eytim
e va
lue.
N→
time
KG
ET
Use
d by
a lo
cal K
erm
it to
get
a K
erm
it se
rver
to tr
ansm
it th
e na
med
obj
ect(
s).
N‘n
ame’
→
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
KILL
44
* =
func
tion
KIL
LC
ance
ls a
ll cu
rren
tly h
alte
d pr
ogra
ms.
If K
ILL
is e
xecu
ted
with
in a
pro
gram
, tha
t pro
gram
is a
lso
canc
eled
.<
N R
UN
&
DE
BU
G
LAB
EL
Labe
ls a
xes
in P
ICT
with
var
iabl
e na
mes
and
with
the
min
imum
and
max
imum
val
ues
of th
e di
spla
y ra
nges
.N
LAG
RA
NG
ER
etur
ns th
e in
terp
olat
ing
poly
nom
ial o
f min
imum
deg
ree
for
a pa
ir of
val
ues.
<!
P
OLY
NO
MIA
L[[
mat
rix1
]]→
‘sym
b 1’
LAN
GU
AG
E→
Ret
urns
a v
alue
indi
catin
g th
e m
essa
ge la
ngua
ge.
N→
z
→LA
NG
UA
GE
Set
s th
e la
ngua
ge u
sed
in m
essa
ges.
Nz
→LA
PP
erfo
rms
a La
plac
e tr
ansf
orm
on
an e
xpre
ssio
n w
ith
resp
ect t
o th
e cu
rren
t def
ault
varia
ble.
*<
$
DIF
FE
RE
NT
IAL
EQ
NS
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
LAP
LR
etur
ns th
e La
plac
ian
of a
func
tion
with
res
pect
to a
ve
ctor
of v
aria
bles
.<
$ D
ER
IV &
IN
TE
G‘s
ymb 1
’ [
vect
or1
]→
‘sym
b 2’
LAS
TAR
GR
etur
ns c
opie
s of
the
argu
men
ts o
f the
mos
t rec
ently
ex
ecut
ed c
omm
and.
*<
N E
RR
OR
→
obj n
… o
bj1
→LC
DD
ispl
ays
the
spec
ified
gra
phic
s ob
ject
with
its
uppe
r le
ft pi
xel i
n th
e up
per
left
corn
er o
f the
dis
play
.N
grob
→
LCD
→R
etur
ns th
e cu
rren
t sta
ck a
nd m
enu
disp
lay
as a
131
× 6
4 gr
aphi
cs o
bjec
t.<
N G
RO
B→
grob
LCM
Ret
urns
the
leas
t com
mon
mul
tiple
of t
wo
obje
cts.
*<
!P
OLY
NO
MIA
L‘s
ymb 1
’ ‘s
ymb 2
’→
‘sym
b 3’
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
LINFIT
45
* =
func
tion
LCX
MF
rom
a p
rogr
am w
ith tw
o ar
gum
ents
, bui
lds
a m
atrix
with
th
e sp
ecifi
ed n
umbe
r of
row
s an
d co
lum
ns, w
ith a
ij =
f(i,j
).N
n 1 n
2
«pro
gram
»→
[[ m
atrix
1 ]]
LDE
CS
olve
s a
linea
r di
ffere
ntia
l equ
atio
n w
ith c
onst
ant
coef
ficie
nts.
<&
‘sym
b 1’
‘sym
b 2’
→‘s
ymb 3
’
LEG
EN
DR
ER
etur
ns th
e nt
h de
gree
Leg
endr
e po
lyno
mia
l.*<
!
PO
LYN
OM
IAL
n 1→
‘sym
b 1’
LGC
DR
etur
ns th
e gr
eate
st c
omm
on d
ivis
or o
f a li
st o
f ex
pres
sion
s or
val
ues.
*<
!{li
st1}
→{li
st1}
z1
LIB
EV
AL
Eva
luat
es u
nnam
ed li
brar
y fu
nctio
ns.
N#n
func
tion
→LI
BS
List
s th
e tit
le, n
umbe
r, an
d po
rt o
f eac
h lib
rary
atta
ched
to
the
curr
ent d
irect
ory.
N
→{“
title
” n
lib n
port …
“titl
e” n
lib n
port }
LIM
ITR
etur
ns th
e lim
it of
a fu
nctio
n as
it a
ppro
ache
s a
spec
ified
va
lue.
*<
$ L
IMIT
S &
S
ER
IES
‘sym
b 1’
‘sym
b 2’
→‘s
ymb 3
’
LIN
Line
ariz
es e
xpre
ssio
ns in
volv
ing
expo
nent
ial t
erm
s.<
*‘ s
ymb 1
’→
‘sym
b 2’
LIN
ED
raw
s a
line
in P
ICT
bet
wee
n th
e in
put c
oord
inat
es.
<N
PIC
T(x
1, y
1) (
x 2, y
2)→
ΣLIN
ER
etur
ns a
n ex
pres
sion
rep
rese
ntin
g th
e be
st fi
t lin
e ac
cord
ing
to th
e cu
rren
t sta
tistic
al m
odel
.N
→‘s
ymb
form
ula’
LIN
FIT
Sto
res
LIN
FIT
in th
e re
serv
ed v
aria
ble
ΣPA
R. S
ubse
quen
t ex
ecut
ions
of L
R w
ill u
se th
e lin
ear
curv
e fit
ting
mod
el.N
Nam
eD
escr
ipti
on
Acc
ess
Inp
uts
Ou
tpu
ts
-
LININ
46
* =
func
tion
LIN
INTe
sts
whe
ther
an
alge
brai
c is
str
uctu
rally
line
ar fo
r a g
iven
va
riabl
e.*
<N
TE
ST
‘sym
b’ ‘
nam
e’→
0/1
LIN
SO
LVE
Sol
ves
a sy
stem
of l
inea
r eq
uatio
ns.
<&
[[ ar
ray 1
]] [
vec
tor 1
]→
‘sym
b 1’
{ lis
t 1 }
‘sy
mb 2
’
ΣLIS
TR
etur
ns th
e su
m o
f the
ele
men
ts in
a li
st.
<P
LIS
T{
list }
→z
∆LIS
TR
etur
ns th
e fir
st d
iffer
ence
s of
the
elem
ents
in a
list
.<
P L
IST
{ lis
t }→
{ di
ffere
nces
}
ΠLI
ST
Ret
urns
the
prod
uct o
f the
ele
men
ts in
a li
st.
< P
LIS
T{
list }
→z
→LI
ST
Take
s n
spec
ified
obj
ects
and
ret
urns
a li
st o
f tho
se
obje
cts.
Nob
j 1 …
obj
n n
→{
obj 1
… o
bjn
}
LIS
T→
Take
s a
list o
f n o
bjec
ts a
nd r
etur
ns e
ach
obje
ct
sepa
rate
ly, a
nd r
etur
ns th
e to
tal n
umbe
r of
obj
ects
to it
em.N
{ ob
j 1 ..
.obj
n }
→ob
j 1 …
obj
n n
LNR
etur
ns th
e na
tura
l (ba
se e
) lo
garit
hm o
f the
arg
umen
t.*>
ïz
→ln
z
LNA
ME
Ret
urns
the
varia
ble
nam
es in
a s
ymbo
lic e
xpre
ssio
n.N
‘sym
b 1’
→[ v
ecto
r 1 ]
LNC
OLL
EC
TS
impl
ifies
an
expr
essi
on b
y co
llect
ing
loga
rithm
ic te
rms.
>ú
‘sym
b 1’
→‘s
ymb 2
’
LNP
1R
etur
ns ln
