KISII MUNICIPALITY

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN (IDEP) FIRST DRAFT

KISII MUNICIPALITY

Mission

Maximize social and economic development opportunities while retaining an attractive, sustainable and

secure environment to improve the quality of life of Municipality resident’s through rendering of efficient,

effective and affordable services.

Vision

A thriving Municipality that embraces change and is based on a strong fiscal government with a durable

economy that recognizes the rights of all citizens and empowers the community to prosper in a safe and

healthy environment.

Core Values

Kisii Municipality upholds the following core values:

Leadership: To encourage stewardship, innovation, creativity, passion and initiative.

Service Delivery: To meet or exceed external and internal customers’ expectations; embrace

inclusivity, equity and non-discrimination.

Public Participation: Involve the public in decision making.

Fiscal Responsibility: Prudent open and accountable stewardship in public funds both short

term and long term.

Reputation: To stress on excellence, transparency, accountability and honesty.

Professionalism: To recognize that our people are most valuable resource. We believe that

continuous improvement, innovation and teamwork is the mark and are committed to apply this

principle to all services we offer.

Social Responsibility: Promoting social responsibility programs that add value to society and

enhance public image of the municipality.

Transparency: Throughout our business operation we will ensure access to information and

fairness to our stakeholders.

Integrity: To conduct our personal, work group and organizational actions in an ethical and

honest manner.

Accountability: We are committed in being held to account by our stakeholders.

OBJECTIVES

The objects of the Municipality of Kisii are to:-

1. Provide for efficient and accountable management of the affairs of the Municipality. 2. Provide for a governance mechanism that will enable the inhabitants of the Municipality

to:

Participate in determining the social services and regulatory framework which will best satisfy their needs and expectations.

Verify whether public resources and authority are utilized or exercised, as the case may be, to their satisfaction.

Enjoy efficiency in service delivery. 3. Vigorously pursue the developmental opportunities which are available in the Municipality

and to institute such measures as are necessary for achieving public order and the provisions of civic amenities, so as to enhance the quality of life of the inhabitants of the Municipality.

4. Provide a high standard of social services in a cost effective manner to the inhabitants of

the Municipality. 5. Promote social cohesiveness and a sense of civic duty and responsibility among the

inhabitants and stakeholders in the Municipality in order to facilitate collective action and commitment towards achieving the goal of a harmonious and stable community.

6. Providing for services, laws and other matters for Municipality’s benefit. 7. Fostering the economic, social and environmental well-being of its community

Chapter 1:

Introduction

On 31 December 2018, the Municipal board and Municipal manager were

inaugurated

Their first task after board’s formation is ‘to prepare a single and inclusive

strategic plan – an urban IDeP – within their first year of existence’. Their second

task is to ensure that the resulting infrastructure is properly maintained.

The IDeP has set the strategic pillars and deliverables to guide the Municipality on

a new development trajectory which aims to create:

a municipality of opportunity;

a sustainable municipality;

a caring and inclusive municipality;

a safe and clean Municipality; and

an open and honest Municipality

Green space

The above, much as they are outcomes, also form part of the development pillars

which guide the long-term planning of Kisii Municipality. These pillars are

anchored around the priority areas which are the focus for this term of office.

Legislative Context for the Development of the IDP

Urban Areas and Cities Act N0. 13 of 2011-Part V talks about intergrated

development planning and the Third Schedule of the same Act sec 38 talks about

preparation of an intergrated plan.

It states that each municipality or urban area must, within a prescribed period after

the start of its elected term, adopt a single, inclusive and strategic plan for the

development of the municipality which

(a) links, integrates and coordinates plans and takes into account proposals for the

development of the municipality

(b) aligns the resources and capacity of the municipality with the implementation

of the plan and

(c) forms the policy framework and general basis on which annual budgets must be

based.

Vision

An economically vibrant Municipality with citizens living in a secure, clean,

healthy and comfortable environment

Mission

To build a prosperous and peaceful Municipality that facilitates the realization of

each citizen’s goals and aspirations through inclusive development.

Process for the review of the 2019–2020 IDeP

The process followed in the review of the IDeP document is in line with the

legislative requirements of both the Municipal Charter and the Urban Areas and

Cities Act. Further, the process has allowed for an update of certain chapters

contained in the IDeP as per various processes such as the filling of posts in the

new macro structure to ensure that delivery on the IDeP and Budget is realized.

This included the assignment of respective responsibilities to the various

incumbents appointed. Further, the review of the IDeP has taken place within the

framework which has been set by the Municipality’s leadership.

The framework for advancing the achievement of the IDeP for the term is based on

the following three areas: Stabilise, Revitalise and Deliver.

Stabilise the Administration through -

restructuring the organisation;

reforming the billing system;

managing debt;

reforming customer relations;

generating new revenue sources; and

ensuring sufficient resources for delivery departments

Revitalise the economy through -

ensuring urban regeneration;

reprioritising the budget on infrastructure backlogs; and

creating efficiencies in planning applications

Deliver services to everyone especially the poor through -

providing services to informal settlements and public housing;

employ new skills in engineering to roll-out long-term service delivery plans;

establishing maintenance teams; and

provide effective and professional health care services

The purpose of the IDeP amongst other was as follows:

To ensure that the Municipality’s resource allocation respond to the

Municipality’s priorities;

To ensure that the operational budget respond to the critical operations and

maintenance of basic infrastructure;

To ensure that the proposed capital projects are feasible and ready for

implementation; and

To ensure that departmental business plans address the service delivery priorities

Budget Steering Committee (BSC)

The BSC sat on March to evaluate the proposed 2019/20. After the public

consultation process and subsequent passing of the final budget proposal by the

county assembly on June 2019. The purpose of the BSC amongst other was to

allow the political leadership among other stakeholders within the municipality to

provide final input and oversight on the proposals contained in the draft with a

focus on the following:

To ensure that the Municipality’s resource allocation respond to the

Municipality’s priorities;

To ensure that the operational budget respond to the critical operations and

maintenance of basic infrastructure;

To ensure that the proposed capital projects are feasible and ready for

implementation; and

To ensure that departmental plans address the service delivery priorities

Overview of this Document

Preamble, Context and Overview: This chapter sets the scene in which the IDeP

has been prepared. The chapter emphasizes the vision for the Municipality and sets

the agenda for the remainder of the term of office, which will focus on the

following three strategic framers: stabilisation, revitalisation and delivery. The

process toward the preparation of the IDeP is also captured in this chapter together

with the focus of the IDeP through the five strategic pillars, key priorities and

deliverables. The chapter concludes by giving a summary of the contents of each

of the chapters in the prepared IDeP.

Situational Analysis:

Strategic Intent:

Governance and Institutional Arrangements:

Community Participation:

Spatial Development Framework:

Capital Investment Framework: Our deliverables for 2019–2023: This chapter highlights some of the key

performance measures

towards the delivery of key services to the residents of Kisii Municipality.

Performance Management: This chapter highlights the performance management

framework of the Municipality that will ensure delivery against the planned

deliverables for the five years.

Review of Kisii Municipality Disaster Management Plan: Financial Plan: This chapter outlines the Medium-term Revenue and Expenditure

Framework (MTREF) in terms of the allocation of resources to implement the new

IDeP.

SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Introduction

This chapter presents Kisii Municipality in its context as the headquarters of Kisii County and

provides a high level summary of certain socio-economic information of the Municipality. The

boundaries cover Bobaracho, Menyikwa, Milimani, Erera, Nyanchwa Teachers Training

College, Getembe Primary School, Nubia, Nyabioto, Gesonso Main Bridge, Waterpark Hotel,

Nyabururu Teachers Training College, Embassy, Nyakoe, Nyatieko, Getare, KALRO and

Kionganyo Hills. The Municipality of Kisii has all the powers, general and special, governmental

or proprietary, expressed or implied, which may be possessed or assumed by municipalities

under the Urban Areas and Cities Act, the County Government Act and the County of Kisii By-

laws.

Article 184 of the Constitution of Kenya (2010), mandated parliament to enact a legislation to

provide inter alia the criteria for classifying areas as urban areas and cities and to provide for

participation by residents in the governance of urban areas and cities within one year of the

promulgation of the Constitution.

The Kenya Urban Support Program (KUSP) has contributed to improving Kisii Municipality

through financing some of the key projects that are being done. These projects have assisted in

improving access to the municipality, drainage systems as well as disaster preparedness. The

projects are;

Urban roads and walkways- 10

Storm water drains - 5

Fire station- Jogoo

The municipality comprises of the municipal board, municipal manager and staff that have been

deployed to the municipality. Some of the functions of the board include;

1. Develop or adopt policies, plans, strategies and programmes and set targets for service

delivery;

2. Formulate and implement an integrated development plan;

3. Control land, land sub-division, land development and zoning by public and private

sectors for any purpose, including industry, commerce, markets, shopping and other

employment centers, residential areas, recreational areas, parks, entertainment, passenger

transport, agriculture, and freight and transit stations within the framework of the spatial

and master plans for the Municipality as delegated by the County executive committee.

4.

5. Promoting and undertaking infrastructural development and services within Municipality

as delegated by the County executive committee.

Figure: Kisii Municipality Map

MUNICIPAL BOARD

CEC LANDS, PHYSICAL PLANNING& URBAN

DEVELOPMENT

MUNICIPAL MANAGER

DIRECTOR MUNICIPAL

SERVICES

DIRECTOR REVENUE

D/DIRECTOR PHYSICAL

PLANNING

D/DIRECTOR HUMAN

RESOURCE

ACCOUNTANT PROCUREMENT OFFICER

PUBLIC HEALTH OFFICER

ENVIRONMENT OFFICER

DIRECTOR FINANCE &

ADMINISTRATION

MUNICIPAL ENGINEER

D/DIRECTOR PROCUREMENT

DIRECTOR PROCUREMENT

Key information about Kisii Municipality

Major residential areas Jogoo, Nyanchwa, Mwembe, Bobaracho, Gesonso,

Nyamataro, Getare, Nyakoe, Milimani and

Menyinkwa

Population

Area

Operating Budget

Principal Languages English, Kiswahili, Ekegusii and others

Principal Economic activities Formal:

Banking & financial services Industrial activities Hospitality and Recreational activities Trading activities Small-scale farming Fishing

Informal:

Juakali Quarrying

Interesting facts about Kisii Municipality Highest concentration of medical institutions

Biggest market in the Nyanza region

Industrial park at Daraja Mbili

Research Centre

Hotels

Kisii Energy Centre

Agricultural training center

DEMOGRAPHICS

The main objectives of Kisii Municipality is serving its people. In fact, it is one of the key tenets on

which the municipality is building in order to deliver. Thus, in order for us to effectively serve the people

in it effectively ,we need to understand who our people are. Thus this section will focus on the

demographic make –up of the municipality, which includes analysis of the population of the entire

municipality.

Population statistics are important when analysing an economy, as the populatuion growth directly and

indirectly impacts employment and unemployment, as well as other economic indicators.

Population by wards

The Economy

Kisii municipality plays a vital role in economic growth and county development as it offers employment,

higher education and specialized services whilst being center business, manufacturing and services of

innovation and technology. The municipality vision anticipates a place with quality living.

Kisii County post-devolution is worth exploring for economic opportunities due to the high

population which offers stability, man power and sustainability. Some of the key conferences

that have been held in Kisii Municipality that have contributed to exploring the economic

potential of the municipality include;

Education conference - 2014 Investment conference - 2015 Health conference - 2016 Lake Region Economic Block

Ward(s) Area

Km2

2009 (Census) Projections

2018 2020 2022

Pop Density Pop Density Pop Density Pop Density

Kitutu Central 15.5 50,363 3,249 60,295 3,890 62,756 4,049 65,317 4,214

Kisii Central 17.8 35,341 1,986 42,310 2,377 44,038 2,474 45,835 2,575

Bogiakumu 21.8 27,694 1,270 33,155 1,520 34,509 1,583 35,917 1,648

Nyatieko 17.9 20,546 1,148 24,598 1,374 25,602 1,430 26,647 1,489

Bobaracho 29.6 32,197 1,088 38,546 1,302 40,120 1,355 41,757 1,411

Nyakoe 24 23,096 962 27,650 1,152 28,779 1,199 29,954 1,248

Totals

To boost the economic stability of the municipality, some of the major banks are housed within the CBD.

These are;

Kenya Commercial Bank

Cooperative Bank

Equity Bank

KWFT

Barclays Bank

National Bank

I&M Bank

Eco-bank

Diamond Trust Bank

NIC Bank

Credit Bank of Africa

Environment

Environment is an important sector in the municipality as it deals with providing a safe and secure

environment to all residents. The Environment is a very important resource because with a polluted

environment all other resources are affected; it covers issues of air pollution, water pollution, soil

pollution, sanitation and ensuring a proper solid waste management system that is environmentally

friendly. The vision of this sector is to ensure access to a safe and secure environment to all; the mission of this sector is to protect and conserve the environment as well as the natural resources and the mandate

is to supervise and coordinate all matters relating to the environment in partnership with other

stakeholders’ and the community. Some of the focus areas of the sector include;

Riparian protection

Rehabilitation of degraded sites

Noise regulations

Beautification of the municipality

The Environment sector works closely with NEMA which ensures that EIA is carried out and people

comply with the Environmental policies in order to safeguard and protect the Environment. Some of the

laws that guide the environmental activities and ensure that the environment is protected include;

Law/Regulation Year

National Laws;

Constitution of Kenya

2010

EMCA 1999

Waste Regulations 2006

County Laws;

The Kisii County Solid Waste

Management Act

2015

The Kisii County Public

Nuisance Act

2014

Threats to the environment include;

Cutting down of trees

Raw discharges of effluent

Poor farming practices which cause loss of biodiversity

Cutting down of trees and poor farming practices leave the soil bare making it prone to soil erosion. Raw

discharge of effluent from industrial activities, sewerage systems and from the CBD flow into rivers

Riana, Nyanchwa and Nyakomisaro which results to chronic health diseases to people and livestock that

depend on them; there is need therefore to enforce environmental laws to ensure these issues are dealt

with.

To ensure that the residents of the municipality have access to clean and safe water, this sector liaises

with the water sector to ensure that the water catchment areas are protected for sustainability of the

quality and quantity of water within the municipality.

Water and Sanitation

Kisii County receives high precipitation at an average of 1,500 mm per year. However, there is still high

demand of water for domestic and industrial use. The current water supply in Kisii Municipality stands at

5,000 liters per day against a demand of 20,000 liters. The water connection is currently at about one

percent. The main sources of water in the municipality are piped from GWASCO, springs, wells,

boreholes, and harvested water. Kisii municipality which is the major urban center is served by

GWASCO as the main source. According to 2009 Population and Housing Census, only 15 percent of

households have access to clean and safe water. The sewerage coverage is also low as only 5 percent of

households are connected to the sewer line and 65 per cent of households use pit latrines.

Water and Sewer infrastructure is old and dilapidated and cannot meet the current capacity. This has

constantly led to frequent blockages and bursts of lines and this has subsequently led to water wastages

due to the leakages, water contamination and overflow of sewer. The water supply problem is further

aggravated by the poor state of the distribution system, which results to 50 percent losses due to leakage

and illegal connections. Newly developed areas like Nyanchwa and Menyinkwa are not reticulated with

water and sewer infrastructure hence need for their installation.

Kisii Municipality has sanitation facilities to provide effective services to the residents of the municipality

and improve sanitation. The facilities in the municipality are;

Menyinkwa public sanitation facility

Nyanchwa safisan toilets; 500 they are given according to doors from Nyanchwa to

Daraja Mbili; the logo is by GWASCO/Safisan and the doors are blue. A residential area

can have a maximum of five doors.

Green Environment Initiative sanitation facility- opposite Barclays bank

Main bus park - 3

Social amenities

Electricity

The Kisii energy Centre is physically housed within Kisii Agricultural Training Centre (KATC)

about 2 kilometers from CBD within Kisii Municipality. Kisii Energy Centre uses two strategies

in energy management; the demand and supply management. Demand Management Strategy

focuses on reduction on the demand of wood fuel consumption through the use of improved cook

stoves that save energy while the supply management strategy emphasizes on the supply of wood

fuel by promoting agro forestry tree species as source of fuel. The electricity coverage remains

low in the County. Not all households are connected to electricity and there is low use of green

energy within the municipality.

Schools

Kisii Municipality is doing well in education sector with a variety of notable institutions from the

kindergarten to the University level. The municipality is home to a fully-fledged university in the

county (Kisii University) and has a number of national schools within. Some of the other major

institutions within the municipality are;

Institutions of Higher learning:

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

Nairobi University

Mount Kenya University

Jaramogi University of Science and Technology

Maasai Mara

Kenya Institute of Management

Nyanchwa College

Kisii National Polytechnic

Secondary Level:

Kisii School

Nyabururu Girls

Kereri Girls

Daraja Mbili Secondary

Nyanchwa Adventist

Nyanchwa Girls High School

Nyanchwa Boys High School and others….

Primary Level:

Elimu School

Imperial School

Kisii Embassy Academy

AIC Grace Academy

Kisii Primary

Fairmont International School

Jogoo Primary

Daraja Mbili Primary

Nyambera Primary

Getembe Primary

Rehema Academy

Genesis Academy

Gekomu Primary

Greenlight Academy

Pace Academy

Precious Hope primary….. among others

Hospitals

The municipality houses the biggest and best referral hospital within Kisii County with

affordable and readily available services. Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital offers a wide

range of services including a cancer center that is currently being constructed. Other hospitals in

the municipality include;

Christa Marianne Hospital

Nyangena Hospital

Nyanchwa Hospital

Kisii Eye Hospital

Bosongo Hospital

Nairobi family Hospital

Mediforte Hospital

Oasis Specialist and Doctors Plaza

Galaxy Medicare

Aghakan Hospital

RAM hospital

Hema Hospital

Oresi level 4 hospital and others….

Recreational facilities

Kisii Municipality is home to the only golf course in Kisii County; the Kisii Sports Club offers

golfing services, swimming services among other recreational utilities. Within the municipality

there are various hotels and centers that offer great recreational utilities; these include;

Ufanisi Resorts

Zonic Hotel

Le Premier Hotel

Waterpark

Gusii Stadium

These recreational facilities boost the economy of the municipality and also act as a tourist attraction site

as many foreign and local travelers prefer dining in such facilities.

Culture/ Religion

Kisii Municipality has housed different cultures where each culture is accorded its rights and freedom to

carry out their cultural activities. The cultures have blended well to achieve social cohesion and a proper

system of community wellbeing and peaceful living.

Some of the cultures/ religions that have been accommodated within the municipality include;

Christian

Muslim

Nubian

Hindu

Garbage Disposal

In the Environment, waste management remains a challenge for the municipality. The high and rapidly

growing population in major urban areas contributes largely to the overwhelming environmental

degradation and generates high volumes of solid and liquid wastes which have become difficult to handle

especially in Kisii CBD.

In Kisii Municipality there is high water and air pollution, rampant illegal dumping and poor adherence to

waste management regulations, inadequate waste management equipment, insufficient waste collection

and lack of waste management (recycling) plant and no end waste management site. Rivers in the

Municipality especially river Nyakomisaro receives huge volumes of raw sewer effluent, solid waste and

oil discharge from garages in the CBD.

In the Municipality, there is collection of solid waste that is generated within the estates. The waste is

dumped at the Nyambera dumpsite which is currently strained. A well-maintained landfill and recycling

center will curb the issue of open and illegal dumping within the municipality, The County has had challenges in identifying a site for municipal waste management as many communities do not want this to

be located in their neighborhood.

The municipality adopted the system of garbage collection and disposal that was used by the Local

Authority and complimented the system by having cleaning groups that help to maintain cleanliness.

The laws that govern and guide solid waste management activities within the municipality are; Public

Health Act, EMCA and the Kisii County Solid waste management Act 2015. A draft Solid Waste

Management Policy has been forwarded to the Kisii County Assembly for ratification and after it is

passed it will be adopted by the Kisii Municipality.

CHAPTER ………..

NEEDS ASSESSMENT

This chapter addresses the assessment of needs/challenges identified by the key municipality

stakeholders, prioritization and the various intervention measures to address the challenges. The

key issues the IDeP should address include

Integrated spatial planning Integrated transport and mobility Integrated and sustainable human settlements Integrated urban infrastructure Efficient land governance and management

Inclusive economic development

Empowered active communities Active urban governance

1. INTERGATED SPATIAL PLANNING

The objective is to have a town that is spatially organized to guide investment that promote

integrated social and economic development, resulting in sustainable quality of life for all

citizens

Spatial planning stimulates a more rational organisation and use of urban spaces, and is

important in promoting sustainable development and improving the quality of life. It enables the

community to benefit from development, by guiding investments and encouraging prudent use of

land and natural resources for development.

The challenges and Strategic interventions

i. Lack of intergovernmental alignment of spatial planning

ii. Lack of intergovernmental planning coordination iii. insufficient use of intergovernmental relations (igR) structures iv. Weak long-term planning v. Weak capabilities for spatial decision-making and administration

Strategies

Support and fast track implementation of an Urban

An Urban plan (IDeP) makes provision for inclusive, developmental, equitable and efficient

spatial planning at the different spheres of government. The coordination of efforts and the

capacity and skill requirements for the preparation and development of SDFs as anticipated in

the Act must be supported and strengthened.

Improve integrated planning and management

Far greater intergovernmental collaboration is needed for integrated planning, spatial

frameworks, and access and availability of well-located land. While Urban area are responsible

for planning in their areas, county must take into account the various urban areas plans, such as

Annual Investment Plans, IDeP, spatial development plans, etc. This is especially important

when planning for the provision of social (such as schools, health facilities, libraries, etc.) and

economic infrastructure.

Maximize on existing Interdependency structures as a mechanism for planning

coordination

Interdependency structures have been established but are neither functional nor strategic. The

CIDP is the first county plan to guide development in the county. With it in place and with the

alignment of county government plans, interdependency structures must be used as vehicles to

strengthen planning and monitor progress of development in municipal spaces.

Give a more focused role to urban areas

The Board responsible for the urban area and the urban administration are key role-players in

urban planning in the municipality. The county government when conducting a review and are

drafting their strategic plans and annual performance plans, should incorporate both the

municipal board and the municipality administration.

2. INTERGRATED TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY

Integrated transport and mobility is a vital component of kenya’s economic infrastructure

investment. It contributes to a denser and more efficient urban form, supports economic and

social development, and is crucial in strengthening rural–urban linkages.

challenges

Challenges

• Inadequate human resources in the works and technical department. fte existing staff also lacks basic skills in effective management of the traffic and transportation network.

• Poor funding due to limitations in local revenue sources and rigidities in central government grants.

• Lack of modern equipment and tools in the works department e.g. road designing equipments.

• High cost of construction materials like bitumen and stones.

• Roadside drains are overwhelmed due to the uncoordinated development

of spaces, which were empty at the time of designing the drains.

• fte high cost of electricity and accessories make it extremely hard for the municipality to provide street lights.

• Poor road conditions especially those in the municipal centre.

• Encroachment on sanitary lanes.

• Poor solid waste management leading to blockage of drains.

• Lack of street lights and other basic road furniture.

• Poor enforcement of traffic regulations especially in public transport.

Strategic Intervention

• Increase funding for operation and maintenance of roads.

• Provide parking in entire town

• Improve enforcement of traffic regulations especially in public transport.

• Create a hierarchy of roads within the town.

• Traffic segregation should be introduced in the Municipality in order to reduce traffic accidents.

3. INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Integrated and sustainable human settlements are key to redressing the restructuring the

municipality, shifting ownership profiles and choices, and creating more humane (and

environment-friendly), safe living and working conditions.

Challenges

1 . Escalating demand for serviced shelter

2 . Shortage of well-located public land for housing development

3 . Low densities of urban

Strategic Intevention

Accelerate the upgrading of informal settlements.Informal areas are important areas of access

to the municipality, especially for the very poor, including migrants from rural areas. Informal

areas are generally located in areas which promote access; although in some cases they are found

in environmentally bad areas. Furthermore, when implemented, this upgrading should be

reflected as a priority in a municipality’s budgets.

Provide more housing options. Greater variety within the housing stock needs to be encouraged

in order to meet the diverse needs of different kinds of households. More emphasis should be

placed on affordable rental options, to meet the need for flexible, easy-access accommodation for

a mobile population, and on making land available to accommodate an expanding urban

population.

Redevelop townships. The majority of urban population live in townships, where the focus

should be on investing in public infrastructure, strengthening the transport links between

townships and areas of economic opportunities, and improving public health and education.

Adopt a national policy on inclusionary housing. Government cannot meet the demand for

well-located housing alone, but needs to work in partnership with the private sector and key

stakeholders..

4. INTEGRATED URBAN INFRUSTRUCTURE

For the municipality to transition to resource efficiency requires integrated urban infrastructure

planning and management in order to deliver the key urban services of: energy, including a

metered supply to every user, energy efficiency and renewable energy; water and sanitation,

including water efficiency, recycling and re-use; storm water drainage services that form part of the

water cycle, in accordance with the sustainable urban drainage systems approach, and not just an

extension of road construction and management; solid waste management, including reduction,

recycling and re-use; and transport and mobility services for people and goods, with an emphasis

on mass public transit on roads.

a) Water supply The various water sources in Kisii Municipality include: shallow wells, springs wells, bore holes, rivers, rain

water and piped water supply. Accessibility studies to water by the different households in the

municipality indicate that only 24 per cent of the households have water on the premises, while 66 per

cent have water in less than one kilometre from the homes, 8 per cent access it within a distance of 1-5

kilometres and 2 per cent move more than five kilometres in search of water.

The provision and supply of piped water in Kisii municipality is under a specialized Public entity, Gusii Water

and Sewerage company GWASCO. GWASCO is responsible for provision of piped water and sewerage

services in the Municipality and its environs.

Challenges

Only a small percentage of households with water on their premises which makes it impossible to have water borne toilets on most of the premises.

A good percentage of people using water from unsafe water sources.

Many people having to move more than a kilometre to the water sources.

Strategies

Municipal authorities to take the responsibility of providing safe water to all her residents within reach so that they can have inside connections to their premises.

Ensure quality control of all water sources used by the residents

Protect all unprotected spring and shallow wells that are not polluted.

b) Energy Supply

Energy consumption in urban areas normally takes different forms including, though not limited to, domestic lighting and cooking, commercial purposes, industrial and agricultural production, public services like supply, street lighting etc.

Challenges

• Low supply of electricity due to low generation and a high national demand. The municipality experiences rampant black outs.

• Limited use of alternative and clean energy.

• Low level of environmental sensitivity.

• Limited use of energy saving technologies in domestic cooking.

Strategies

• Alternative sources of power namely solar power should be explored and developed. fte solar power can be used on security and street lighting, and also running traffic lights, and in the residential homes.

• Repair all the faulty security lights along the major roads and in the core areas. ftose in public places and on street security lighting must be provided.

c) REFUSE DISPOSAL

In Kisii Municipality solid waste mainly consists of garbage from households, commercial enterprises, factory waste, agricultural waste from markets and farmers, metal scrap from garages and fabricators, plastic and polythene bags from bars, hotels and restaurants, etc. Like many municipalities, Kisii is experiencing a growing challenge of inorganic waste which is non-biodegradable.

There are five methods of domestic garbage disposal practiced by residents of Kisii Municipality. These include burning, dumping in garden, domestic pit, heaps and refuse skips.

Challenges

• Indiscipline of community members leading to indiscriminate disposal of garbage.

• Poor mechanical conditions of the garbage collection trucks and lack of equipment cause delayed collection from the skips.

• Limited staffing in the works department. fte department has got only five garbage collectors.

• Inadequate and poor distribution of skips

• Crude dumping method at the dumping site poses environmental threats.

• Lack of own dumping site.

• Refuse skips are misused by the population. Direct garbage collection by the municipal

staff is often affected by irregular cash flows experienced by the council.

• Increasing amount of inorganic solid waste cause higher environmental hazards and complicates final management.

• Inadequate enforcement of existing legislation on environmental legislation.

• Pollution of water sources by waste water washed from the refuse dumping site.

Strategies

• Securing a proper permanent site fitted with treatment facilities for refuse disposal

• Ensure pre sorting of garbage before disposal

• Introduction of contribution towards refuse collection and disposal by refuse generators.

• Privatization of refuse collection in the Municipality

d) Waste Water Disposal

Waste water is mainly produced by households, commercial enterprises and institutions. In the core area, waste water disposal is channelled through the municipal sewerage system. However, owing to the fact that most of the houses in this area are very old, most of the central sewerage systems have become dysfunctional and many of the new structures are not connected to the central system.

Challenges

• A very small percentage of the population access the central sewerage system.

• Haphazard disposal of waste water by a large number of people, especially those in the unplanned high density residential areas resulting in deadly disease transmission.

• Increasing cases of poor, sanitation-based diseases within the high density residential areas.

Strategies

• Ensure proper management of waste water in all areas of the Municipality.

• Increase accessibility of the sewerage system to more residents

• Ensure good sanitation practices especially among the residents of the unplanned high density residential settlements.

e) Sewage Disposal

There are three methods of sewage disposal practiced in the municipality including i) Sewerage system; ii) Septic tank usage; and iii) Pit-latrines.

Challenges

• The Municipality has got one very old cesspool emptier and no lagoons for disposing excreta from private septic tanks.

• Inadequate coverage of latrines especially for tenements and commercial buildings in the informal settlement areas.

• Inadequate public toilets in the municipality

• Low levels of inside house water connections which makes it impossible to use water borne toilets

Strategies

• The GWASCO to rehabilitate the sewage treatment works so that pollution of Nakaiba wetland ends.

• Extension of the sewerage system.

• All developments (houses etc) located within range of the existing sewer lines must be connected to these sewer lines in the areas with access to piped water supply but out of reach these sewers septic tanks and soak pits are recommended

• In the remote areas without piped water supply or inside house connections a wide range of low cost sanitary facilities are recommended. These include: Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines, Ventilated Improved Double Vault Pit Latrines), Composting toilets and Eco san toilets.

• For public or other communal facilities where frequent re-siting is impracticable a vault system with tank emptying is recommended. For this matter, a cesspool emptier must be available in the municipality.

f) Storm Water Drainage

The Municipality of Kisii is fortunate in being sited on hilly ground which makes surface water to be rapidly discharged into Nyakomisaro and Nyanchwa rivers via small tributaries. The soils of sandy murrum rapidly absorb storm water.

Challenges

Lack of storm water drains in most areas of the Municipality.

Uncontrolled drainage of storm water that damages road surfaces.

Dysfunctional and clogged storm water drains that result into destruction of roads and the surrounding areas.

Erosion of top soils and destruction of soil fertility by high speed storm water run off.Strategies

Repair and desilt all the existing storm water channels.

Construct drainage channels in all the areas of the Municipality.

5. EFFICIENT LAND GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

Both municipalities and private investors have a vested interest in land value remaining stable and

increasing. For private investors, land value is the capital base for accessing further finance to invest

in new property developments, which are in turn supported by the municipality through, for

example, infrastructure, services and public transport.

Challenges

i. Tenure uncertainty and insecurity ii. inadequate land-use management instruments

iii. slow land-use planning and management processes

Strategy

Simplify land-use planning and management. Planning legislation needs to include

mechanisms for improving spatial planning, community access to planning processes and

intergovernmental coordination around land management.

Speed up land tenure. Land tenure for the urban poor needs to be simplified, clarified and speeded

up.

Improve municipal access to land owned by the state and state agencies

State agencies remain major land owners in urban areas, and so appropriate policy shifts should be

made to improve the management and release of non-core state agencies land and state land in towns

and cities.

Improve intergovernmental relations for the acquisition or transfer of state land. Greater

emphasis should be placed on using public-public partnerships between municipalities and State

agencies s to develop strategically located land.

6. EMPOWERED ACTIVE COMMUNITIES

The municipality cannot succeed without the energy and investment of their citizens. In fact, the

very power of municipalities stems from their unique capacity to bring together a critical mass of

social and cultural diversity. This conception of democratic-citizenship is at the core of the

‘active citizenship’ agenda advocated by the constitution.

Challenges

i. The lack of adequate skills and experience within government and civil society ii. The lack of innovative, co-produced solutions to service delivery dissatisfaction.

iii. The lack of understanding of municipality structures and operations iv. Inadequate forums to promote participation and social cohesion

Strategy

Complete adoption the national Framework on participatory governance

The Municipal governance and participatory system needs to be urgently reviewed and brought

into line with the constitutional requirement to encourage properly funded, citizen-led planning

and decision making

Develop models for civic education. The Municipality, in partnership with civil society and

other partners, should explore models for training and equipping community members with the

necessary skills to enable meaningful participation..

Establish and maintain public participation forums at various levels. Forums for dialogue

and liaison should be established at neighbourhood and municipal levels to focus on urban

design and management.

Build institutional capacity to engage. Capacity should be built at local level to develop and

implement area-based management plans.

Develop a social media strategy

In an era of widespread deployment of social media, especially among 18–29 year olds, it is

important to develop a clear strategy on how social media platforms can be used to enhance all the

initiatives discussed in the IDeP. This will require partnerships with civil society and the private

sector. Universities and colleges, who study and expand these platforms,

7. ACTIVE URBAN GOVERNANCE

The complexities of urban governance include managing the intergovernmental dynamics within

the municipality, relations with the county government and with neighbouring municipalities.

Municipal administration need to manage multiple fiscal, political and accountability tensions in

order to fulfil their developmental and growth mandates.

Challenges

i. Lack of structured and systematic engagement with the city leadership

ii. Weak long-term planning and budgeting.

iii. Appropriate skills and competent staff

iv. oversight of municipalities is weak

v. Lack of differentiation in approach

vi. Poor audit results reporting.

vii. High debt levels the municipality

Strategy

Promote a stronger positioning of the municipality. Governance arrangements and models

should be clarified, to enable to exercise their powers and functions and further manage services

and infrastructure priorities more effectively. Intergovernmental partners should assess the

optimal institutional processes required to manage the implementation of sector legislation that

affects municipal responsibilities. More partnerships and collaboration with key stakeholders,

international partners, state agencies, the Municipal Board, and other relevant agencies, would

contribute to improved access to key resources needed for urban development, while simplified

public-private-community partnerships would enable better access to distinct expertise and assets

of different project stakeholders in the development of local area infrastructure.

Strengthen intergovernmental and long-term planning and budgeting

Intergovernmental and differentiated planning, including budgeting, needs to be firmly

embedded within the governance framework for local government, together with initiatives to

build spatial and long-term intergovernmental planning capabilities for growth and development.

Greater analytical capabilities within government need to be developed, in order to pave the way

for evidence-based policy practice.

Improve fiscal management to meet the demands of urban growth

The municipal and county government fiscal relations framework should provide for more

targeted revenue enhancement and debt reduction measures for the municipality, which are

facing increasing demands for basic services and shelter. The resources available to municipality

must be commensurate with their responsibilities. For this the generation of local revenue needs

to be enhanced.

8. Environmental Pollution

Environmental pollution is a condition where the purity and sanctity of the environment is destroyed or made dirty. In urban areas pollution affects the air, water, atmosphere, soil and plant surroundings. Main pollutants normally include the following:

• Exhaust fumes from motor vehicles.

• Smoke from domestic kitchens.

• Waste oil from petrol stations and service garages.

• Refuse / solid waste.

• Dust from gravel roads and factories.

• Noise from traffic and entertainment industry. Etc.

Most of these pollutants are significantly present in Kisii although some are more serious than the others.

Challenges

• Disposal of petroleum wastes into the wetlands and other water sources.

• Destruction of the environment by petroleum waste products.

• Accumulation of refuse in the collection points for long periods of time, resulting into environmental destruction.

• Disposal of refuse without treatment on high grounds where the waste is washed into the wetlands down hill.

Strategies

• Ensure proper disposal of petroleum wastes through functional interceptors

• All petrol stations and motor garages must have oil interceptors constructed and maintained. The Municipal authority must ensure compliance with this requirement.

• Timely emptying of refuse collection skips so the garbage does not rot in them.

• Identification of a new appropriate site to develop a land fill fitted with refuse treatment facilities.

• All petrol stations and motor garages must have oil interceptors constructed and maintained. The Municipal authority must ensure compliance with this requirement.

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION

Legal framework

Public participation is one of the core pillars of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 the constitution making

process in Kenya since the early 1990’s had a strong public engagement component. These guidelines are

informed by the constitution and legislative provisions cited below that form the core basis for public

participation at the county governments’ level. Article 1(2) of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 states that

all sovereign power belongs to the people of Kenya. It further states that people may exercise their

sovereignty directly or through their elected representatives. After having already elected representatives,

the people ought to directly exercise their sovereignty by being involved in democracy and governance

processes at the national and county levels of government. Article 10 (2) indicates that public

participation is among the national values and principles of governance.

Article 184(1) states that national legislation is to provide for the governance and management of urban

areas and cities and shall in particular provide for participation by residents in the governance of urban

areas and cities. The Public Finance Management Act under Section 207 provides that County

Governments are to establish structures, mechanisms and guidelines for citizen participation. The County

Government Act Sections 94 and 95 provide that counties are to establish mechanisms to facilitate public

communication and access to information with the widest public outreach using media. Sections 100 and

101 of the same Act provide that county governments should create an institutional framework for civic

education. Under the Urban areas Act, the overarching theme is participation by the residents in the

governance of urban areas and cities. The Second Schedule of the Act provides for the rights of, and

participation by residents in affairs of their city or urban areas.

This model of citizens participation resonates with global experience, which shows that building bottom-

up participatory mechanisms is a key ingredient to effective decentralization.

Underpinning both the County Government Act (CGA, 2012) and Urban Areas & Cities Act (UACA,

2011) is the legitimate space granted for public participation in the governance and management affairs of

the devolved units. CGA (2012) Part VIII (87, g) emphasizes the principle of recognition and promotion

of the reciprocal roles of non-state actors’ participation. Section 91 further assigns the County

Government a facilitation role that shall lead to establishment of citizens’ fora at County and

decentralized units.

LOCAL URBAN FORUMS (LUFS)

Local Urban Forums (LUFs) were established with the support of the Civil Society Urban Development

Platform (CSUDP) as platforms through which citizens and the state Engage, Dialogue, Negotiate and

Learn for effective urban management and governance. As provided for in UACA (2012), LUFs

functionality has revolved around the following areas:

1. Uphold the participation spirit as embraced in the Constitution of Kenya (2010);

2. LUFs have been systematic in their engagement with the integrated urban development planning process

to ensure delivery of balanced plans that promote equitable and just urban development.

3. Participation in the preparation of budgets annually, for instance, preparation of citizens alternative

budgets to guide the county in budget prioritization.

4. Participation in the county strategic planning relating to delivery of service;

5. Seek and demand from the state regular disclosure of the state of affairs of the city or urban area,

including its finances;

6. LUFs has been at the forefront of organizing urban citizens for effective civic engagement Their ability to

organize knowledgeable platforms and influence processes leading to development of various legislative

instruments has over the years built confidence amongst various stakeholders. For instance, LUFs have

positively influenced processes towards formulation of the National Urban Development Policy (NUDP),

National Slum Upgrading and Prevention Policy (NSUPP), UACA, and counties subsidiary legislations.

This has cemented LUFs position as functional platforms for achieving popular participation in shaping

the local urban agenda.

7. LUFs have advocated for the establishment of the urban boards / town committees to decentrailize urban

management for better service delivery

8. Seek information of decisions of the urban board, affecting their rights, property and reasonable

expectations 9. Promote dialogue on key urban issues of common concern;

9. Promote knowledge generation on matters urban.

10. Serve the interest of the marginalized and vulnerable members of the urban community;

Stakeholder mapping

For a comprehensive public participation process, sector based stakeholders should be

involved in the process. Essentially these are individuals or groups of people that would

be directly affected by a proposed policy, law or development plan. Hence the

municipality should set up a stakeholders’ register based on the various sectors in the

municipality. The register would be used as a reference point to invite stakeholders

relevant to a specific proposed policy, legislation or development plan. This register

would include the following information:

The name of the stakeholder group;

The sector they represent and their perceived role ;

Their legal identity;

The nature and extent of their membership;

Their target constituency, including which wards they work in;

Their office-bearers and contact details; and

Location of the stakeholder group

Guiding questions in identifying stakeholders:

a. Who is the Development plan/Policy/by-law intended to benefit?

b. What are some likely negative impacts of the Development plan

/policy/by-law, and who will feel them?

c. Who will be responsible for implementing the changes introduced

by the Development plan / policy/by-law?

d. Whose cooperation or influence is necessary for the Development

plan / policy/by-law to be implemented?

e. Who has special knowledge or experience concerning the

Development plan /policy/by-law?

f. Who support or oppose the changes the Development plan / policy/by-law will bring?

The figure below assists in mapping out and prioritising stakeholders in relation to how they are affected

by an issue.

Figure : Categories of stakeholders

Directly affected and indirectly affected stakeholders should be involved in the public

participation process. As the figure above indicates these may not be as many as those who

may have possible interest or general interest in the issue up for public debate. The focus

should be on the directly and indirectly affected groups.

Inclusivity and Access to Information

In all public participation processes, there should be a conscious initiative to ensure that

minorities and historically marginalised groups are involved. Culturally, economically and

marginalised groups also include the youth, persons with disabilities, women and older

members of the society.

The ideal approach the municipality may adopt is to integrate minorities and marginalised

individuals in the mainstream public participation process. However where this may not be

possible, the municipality ought to hold focus group meetings specifically targeting the

attendance of mapped out minorities and historically marginalized individuals.

Access to information for Kenyan citizens is guaranteed by Article 35 of the Constitution. On the same

breath, UACA in sec 24(1) requires the Board to publish and publicise important information within its

mandate affecting the city or urban area.

Strategic communication is key or essential to the municipality. This means that communication efforts

by the municipality should be in line with the policy, legislative and development agenda set for specific

periods. County governments should be in constant communication with their residents.

The following are important medium of communication in terms of costs and reach. Such medium may

include;-

television stations;

brochures;

newsletters;

information communication technology;

mass mailing;

websites;

social media (Facebook, Twitter, Linkdin, Instagram etc);

community radio stations;

public meetings;

traditional media; and

Notices in county, municipality, places of worships, markets,

schools, libraries, social clubs, medical facilities and national

government offices.

Communication should also be tailored to meet the needs of persons with disabilities,

older members of the society, the marginalised and the less educated residents of the

municipality. To meet such needs, the municipality will consider communication in the

following forms:

Publications for persons with hearing impairments;

Braille;

Local language publications;

Popular versions; or

Large print publications.

Public Forum Data Collection Sheet (sample)

Number Name Ward/Estate

Profession

Gender Age Group

representi

ng

Contacts

Written

Memorandu

m?

Communicating Public Forum Announcement (sample)

Kisii Municipality

Public Participation on

(By-law/Policy/Development Plan)

Date:

Article of the Constitution and Section of the Act

provide that the County Executive/County Assembly shall facilitate public

participation and involvement in the legislative/policy making process.

In pursuant of the above, the County Executive/County Assembly invites

members of the public to submit their views on the draft

(Bill/Policy/Development Plan).

The By-law /Policy/Development Plan:

- One paragraph summary

- Intended impact/outcome from the

By-law /Policy/Development Plan Copies of the

By-law /Policy/Development Plan are available at:

- Indicate physical place

- Web address

Presentations from the public may be made to:

- Email address

- Physical address

- Postal address

- Twitter handle

- Facebook page

- Indicate deadline

Public forums will be held at the following venues:

- Indicate venue

- Date and time

CHAPTER 6

MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK

6.0 LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

NATIONAL PLANNING CONTEXT

The National Spatial Plan (NSP) is a territorial plan that covers the whole country and

translates and grounds Kenya Vision 2030. County Spatial Plans should be aligned to

the policies outlined in the NSP.

The Development Policies outlined in the NSP include:-

(i)The National Spatial Plan shall be the basis for preparation of lower tier development

plans

(ii)High potential agricultural areas shall be safeguarded against the threat of

urbanization and land subdivision

(iii)Enhance the provision of adequate and affordable energy supply for the industrial

sector

(iv)Infrastructure and efficient transportation shall be provided to enhance the quality of

life and improve functionality of the urban areas.

(v)promote diversification of tourism

(vi) Mainstream climate change into the national and county planning processes

The Physical Planning Act, Cap 286, Third Schedule gives the content that Long term

Plans and Short term plans should include in the preparation of these plans:

(a) Statement of problems and objectives: These include

(i)main problems of the local area for example, housing, unemployment, traffic congestion, pollution, land tenure, lack of services, bad terrain or soils, etc., all based on a preliminary reconnaissance of the local area; (ii)opportunities of the local area, for example, tourism, fishing, manufacturing etc,;and (iii)main objectives of the plan to alleviate the local area problems and maximize utility of any specific opportunities.

(b) Physical analysis:

These include-

(i)general statements on the terrain, soils, and climate together with illustrations using maps and charts to show what areas are physically sitable for development; (ii)existing land uses and development potential pattern of development, land tenure system and cadastral outlay of all development

(c) Population and economic base:

These include-

(i)population growth, migration, density, and distribution, age and sex structure, household sizes and rates of household formation; (ii)employment and incomes including where people go to work and what trend and problems there are in relation to services; (iii)agricultural potential of the urban region showing various agricultural activities and the process as well as problems of transforming the agricultural land into urban use; (iv)peri-urban slum settlements and the problems they pose; (v)potential, distribution and size of service centres within and outside the urban boundary together with evaluation of urban boundary extension; (vi)evaluation of the importance of such factors as commerce and tourism within extended areas of the township administration; (vii)housing occupancy rates, accommodation density, housing requirements, type of residential areas and industrial locations; (viii)other social aspects including education, recreation areas and other public purpose land uses.

(d) Communication and services

These include- (i)historical pattern and condition of communication networks such as roads, footpaths, cycle ways, railway lines, depots, water ways, docks etc.; and (ii)historical patterns and conditions of water and sewerage networks including plan programmes

(e) Maps and Development Models:

These include- (i)existing situation and sieve maps of the physical constraints or thresholds to development; (ii)existing land use maps; (iii)development model map showing land use designation and distribution

Part B of the Third Schedule describes types and content of short term plans.

Short term plans are of the following types-

The form and content of short term-plans differ with plan types and in most cases will

reflect details and proposals of a long-term plan, where it exists. However, the most

important considerations in their preparation shall be-

(i)an assessment of immediate land requirement to accommodate specific population needs as they arise for a period of 3to 5years; (ii)detailed allocation of the land requirements to various land uses taking into account compatibility of adjoining land uses and conforming with a long-term plan proposals for the area; and

(iii)identification of authorities to service and/or develop the various land use allocations

The Urban Areas and Cities Act, 2011 Part V, Section 36 describes the Objectives of

Integrated Urban Areas and City development Planning. It states that:-

1. Every city and municipality established under this Act shall operate within the

framework of integrated development planning which shall-

(a) Give effect to the development of urban areas and cities as required by this

Act and any other written law;

(b) Strive to achieve the objects of devolved government as set out in Article 174

of the Constitution;

(c) Contribute to the protection and promotion of the fundamental rights and

freedoms contained in Chapter Four of the Constitution and the progressive

realization of the socio-economic rights;

(d) Be the basis for-

(i) the preparation of environmental management plans; (ii) the preparation of valuation rolls for property taxation; (iii) provision of physical and social infrastructure and transportation (iv) preparation of annual strategic plans for a city or municipality (v) disaster preparedness and response (vi) overall delivery of services including provision of water, electricity, health, telecommunications and solid waste management; and (vii) the preparation of a geographic information system for a city or municipality

(e) Nurture and promote development of informal commercial activities in an

orderly and sustainable manner;

(f) Provide a framework for regulated urban agriculture; and

(g) Be the basis of development control

2. In addition to the objectives set out in sub-section(1), an integrated urban or city

development plan shall bind, guide and inform all planning development and

decisions and ensure comprehensive inclusion of all functions.

3. A county government shall initiate an urban planning process for every

settlement with a population of at least two thousand residents.

Part V section 40 gives the content of integrated city and urban area development plan

An integrated urban area or city development plan shall reflect-

(a)a board’s or committee’s vision for the long term development of the city or urban

area with special emphasis on the board’s or committee’s most critical development

needs;

(b) an assessment of the existing level of development in the city or urban area,

including an identification of communities which do not have access to basic services;

(c) the determination of any action measures to be applied for inclusion of communities

referred to under paragraph (b) to access funds from the equalization funds;

(d)

(e) a board’s development strategies which shall be aligned with any national or county

sectoral plans amd planning requirements binding the city or municipality;

(f) a spatial development framework which shall include the provision of basic guidelines

for land use management system for the city or municipality;

(g) a board’s operational strategies

(h) applicable disaster management plans;

(i) a regulated city and municipal agricultural plan;

(j) a financial plan, which shall include budget projection for at least the next three

years; and

(k)

6.1 KISII TOWN INTEGRATED STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT

PLAN -2011-2030

(KISII MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN)

The Spatial Plan for Kisii Municipality provides policies and development proposals that

guide and control development of the town for a period of 5years. The plan promotes

integration of the economic, social and environmental dimensions of development.

The plan identifies and suggest priority interventions that can make Kisii Municipality a

competitive urban place with quality living and working environment that can attract

investments for sustainable development. The plan proposes strategies to improve key

thematic aspects of development including transportation, housing, environment,

economic investment and urban governance.

The major planning challenges facing Kisii Municipality include a lack of spatial

framework to guide its growth, high population growth straining the infrastructure

facilities, urban sprawl, informal settlements and activities, lack of adequate basic

infrastructure development like paved roads, sewer, water supply, solid waste disposal

and surface water drainage, environmental degradation as a result of unsanitary waste

disposal, encroachment by informal settlements on fragile ecosystem and inadequate

social facilities including lack of green spaces within the town, inadequate library

facilities, inadequate space in the public cemetery, lack of deferred land for expansion

of social facilities.

MAP OF KISII MUNICIPALITY AT THE COUNTY CONTEXT

6.1 POPULATION ANALYSIS

The total number of households in Kisii Municipality is approximately 33,697

households. It is projected that by the year 2030, there will be approximately 78,213

households in Kisii Municipality.

The following is a table showing the population profile by age cohorts.

Age Group Percentage of the population

Under 5 14%

6-13 yrs 18%

14-17 9%

15-30 36%

15-49 (Female fertility cohort)

53%

15-64 (Labour force Cohort) 51%

65 and above 2%

6.2 Population projection and needs analysis

Kisii Municipality has a population growth rate of 2.1%. The needs of the population in

the Municipality include:

(i)Housing: Population change leads to a changing demand for housing. Population growth and particularly growth in the number of households will lead to a growth in housing demand. With the projected number of 78,213 households in the Municipality there is need to plan for affordable and adequate housing for the population. (ii)Water: With high population water demand is bound to increase. From the projected population water demand levels, the demand will increase to approximately 30,000m3 per day from the current 12,000m3 per day. This necessitates upscaling of the current water provision in Kisii Municipality. (iii)Employment The youthful population in the Municipality represents 51% of the total population. In order to address the needs of this category there is need to promote the local economy in order to absorb this population growth. This calls for policies that encourage investment and business to address the problem of unemployment. (iv)Social Infrastructure Approximately 27% of the residents are school going population. With the current population growth trends there is need to provide additional educational facilities to curb rising demand. Demand for health services is anticipated to increase with time hence need for upscaling and providing additional health facilities. Other social infrastructure such as recreational areas, homes for the aged should also be considered for the aged population. 6.3 Socio-economic characteristics 6.4 Primary Land uses Availability of land greatly affects land use and urban development and greatly determines suitable areas for building based on land characteristic and also in identification of areas capable of supporting dense urban growth. There is currently high demand for land in the area and this depicts low availability of land which is being subdivided to cater for this demand. In the municipality, 83% of the land is freehold (private) whereas leasehold found mostly within the CBD is 17 % of the land. Agricultural activities takes the highest percentage (approx..60%) of land use as most land is freehold mostly located in rural areas. Commercial, Public

Purpose, Public Utilities, and Industrial activities largely take part in the core urban areas of the CBD and Suneka. 6.4.1 Commercial Commercial land uses are located within the CBD and Suneka town centre. Other commercial land uses are scattered in parts of Mwembe Tayari, Daraja Mbili and Jogoo mostly along major transportation routes. The commercial developments are interspersed with residential land uses. 6.4.2 Residential Within the Municipality, there are no definite zoning patterns for residential land use, but settlements for low and high income groups are distinct. Low density areas are Milimani, Gesonso, Nyamataro and Nyanchwa. Medium density residential areas include Menyinkwa and Daraja Moja. There is also a distinct class of low income slum area comprising of Nubia, parts of Daraja Mbili, Kisumu Ndogo and parts of Mwembe Tayari. 6.4.3 Industrial There are several light and medium sized industries within the Municipality. These include production of nails, bakery products, and clothing. Agricultural processing inclides maize milling and coffee processing industries. There also exists informal sector commonly referred to as Jua Kali industries such as the furniture industry at Suneka. 6.4.4 Educational Educational facilities exist including both public and private institutions. They

include pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary educational faciltiies.

Most pre-primary, primary and secondary schools are located within

residential neighbourhoods while tertiary institutions are mainly located within

the CBD. Educational land use covers approximately 8.1% of the core urban

area and 2.4% of Suneka urban core.

6.4.5 Public Purpose Public purpose land uses are majorly located within the CBD and Suneka town. These include government offices at the county level, sub-county level, civic offices and parastatals. 6.4.6 Public Utilities Public utility land include water intake points, cemetery, and dumpsite. This covers only 0.3% of land use in the core urban area while there exist none in Suneka core urban area.

6.4.7 Transportation Transportation land use includes all land under roads and footpath networks, parking spaces, Suneka airstrip, bus terminals and bus stops. 6.4.8 Recreational Recreational land uses in the CBD include Kisii Golf Course, Nubia open space, Gusii Stadium, ASK Show ground and riparian reserves. This covers 52% in the core urban area and 0.8% in Suneka urban core. Due to scarcity of land in town, the town lacks a central park for public use. Map showing primary land uses

6.2 KISII MUNICIPALITY DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS AND STRATEGY

Land Use Proposals

6.2.1 Residential

The proposed residential land use covers approximately 5893HA representing 43% of

land uses within the Municipality. This takes into consideration the current residential

land uses, compatibility with neighbouring land uses and to cater for future housing

demands. This proposal earmarks areas for different density areas including high,

medium and low density housing areas in response to various housing needs of diverse

socio-economic groups.

Density is determined by availability of services such as water, sewerage, size of roads

and zoning recommended. Total residential densities should create spatially and

functionally an independent system of the built up area (both multi-family and one family

dwelling units) well provided day-to-day services, recreation and communication

network.

Recommended densities for Residential Development (Physical Planning Handbook,

2008)-table

High density residential – areas that are proposed for high density housing include

Nubia, Jogoo, Mwembe Tayari, Menyinkwa, parts of Nyanchwa, Daraja moja, and

Daraja Mbili areas. These are the areas that are already densely populated and are

expected to house the bulk of the population. This will consist of low cost housing

developments that will house the relatively low income households. Population densities

are expected to be 70 dwellings per hectare consisting mainly multiple residential

developments. The total area proposed for high density neighbourhoods Is 1579HA.

Medium density residential

Areas proposed for medium density include Jogoo, Nyankongo, Nyanchwa, Mwembe

Tayari, Daraja Moja and Gesonso. The total area earmarked for medium density

residential neighbourhoods is 1339Ha. These areas are projected to have a

combination of single and multiple dwelling units but with the latter being more

dominant. Population densities in these areas are expected to range from 32-60

dwellings per hectare.

Low density Residential

Proposed low density residential areas include areas such as Milimani, Gesonso, Itierio,

Nyangena, Nyamataro, Gekomu, Menyinkwa, Nyabururu, Embassy and outlying areas

of market centres and along Kisii-Kisumu highway. The total area earmarked for low

density residential neighbourhoods is 2975Ha. The delineation of parts of these areas

into low housing areas is significantly influenced by the current low population levels.

Low density residential areas have been proposed for the larger rural hinterland in order

to encourage agriculture. Urban agriculture is expected to take place given the large

plot sizes. Population densities in these areas are expected to range from 10-20

dwellings per hectare.

Strategy for Housing

(i) Promote land use Planning by allocating sufficient land for housing development

(ii) Densification of existing residential neighbourhoods

(iii) Provide and improve infrastructure and services

(iv) Initiate urban renewal (Redevelopment) Programmes

(v) Promote role of the Municipality by creating a supportive environment

Act as a facilitator and enabler

Prepare action plans for creation of adequate infrastructure facilities relating to

water, drainage, sanitation, sewerage, power supply and connectivity.

Establish a legal & regulatory framework

Promote and facilitate supply and management of land

Promote housing finance development

6.2.2 Industrial

Light industrial - Approximately fifteen hectares of land are proposed for juakali

development.

This covers land that is currently occupied by the existing industrial zone within the

Municipality. Also, furniture workshops with adequate infrastructure and services are

proposed next to the airstrip to address the needs of Suneka town carpenters. The

activities expected are often non-offensive and can co-exist within or adjacent to

commercial and residential neighbourhoods.

Medium industrial

Medium industrial activities have been designated to be located within KARI covering a

total area of 28Ha. Approximately 10 industrial developments have been earmarked in

this zone. Medium industries proposed include bread industries, fruit juices(banana),

fish processing, flour milling, Kabansora, industrial park (20Ha), a go-down for carvings,

animal feeds, milk processing and cooling plant and recycling plastic industries.

Heavy industrial

By the year 2030, it is anticipated that Kisii Municipality shall have at least two heavy

industries. An area for heavy industry occupying 40Ha is proposed in KARI next to

former Kisii Coca cola bottlers. This will attract the bulk of industrial investments e.g

steel rolling, car assembly, battery manufacturing industry. Already, the area has

significant heavy industrial establishment and hence the rationale of proposing heavy

industrial at KARI.

6.2.3 Trunk Infrastructure

The purpose of the strategy is to improve quality of life by providing adequate water and

proper sanitation.

Strategy: Improve water supply and coverage

GWASCO to extend piped water supply to cover the whole municipality

Construction of a new treatment works with capacity of 12,000m3 per day with

adequate low lift and high lift pumps

Construction of rising main from the proposed 12,000m3 per day treatment

works at Kegati to the highest point at Bobaracho

Construct adequate storage dam at Bonyunyu located 7km upstream of Kegati

water works along Gucha river

Drilling boreholes in high ground water potential areas of Getare, Nyakoe, and

Bobaracho-Nyamemiso area.

Drilling of shallow boreholes through small decentralized schemes in Nubia

Channel springs with reliable perennial water discharge to major treatment

plants

Encourage rain water harvesting

Energy:

Strategy: Improve coverage of electricity and encourage use of alternative energy

sources

Exploitation of renewable energy sources

KPLC to improve the Ring Main Circuit around the Municipality to increase

reliability, by upgrading primary stations at Nyangena from 7.5MVA to 15MVA

and upgrade the Kegati transmission station from 23MVA to 46MVA.

Generation of electricity from solid waste

Repair of all faulty security lights along major roads and core urban area

Provide street lighting

Redevelop buildings using appropriate building materials to self-sufficient (green)

buildings

Sanitation

Strategy: Increase sewer reticulation

Acquire and extend sewer line to cover non-serviced areas including Gesonso,

Mwembe Tayari, Jogoo, Upper Milimani, Nyaura

Proper maintenance of existing reticulation

Regular checking of sewer line

Proper maintenance of sewer treatment plant

Storm water drainage:

All roads to have covered storm water drains

Provide drainage wayleaves of 3m-4.5m

Transportation

Strategy: promote land use and transport integration to form an efficient urban network

Promote connectivity between the Municipality core urban area and its satellite

commercial nodes including Suneka, Kiogoro, kegati, Nyakoe and Getare

Improve connectivity and accessibility within the Municipality by developing a

public transport system for given routes including Kisii-Suneka, Kisii- Kegati,

Kisii- Nyakoe and Kisii-Kiogoro along with creation of bus parks on these routes

Provision of BRT in the above mentioned public transport routes

Acquisition of land to develop by-passes with dual carriage capacity and road

reserve of 60M on the proposed routes

Segregation of traffic

Provision of street furniture

Street lighting

Motorcycle routes and designated points of picking and dropping passengers

Creation of a lorry parking at Suneka

Domestication of parking for one third of vehicles generated by activities in a

building

Creation of a hierarchical system of the road network

Enhance air travel within the Municipality by expanding the existing Suneka

airstrip to a regional airport

Strategy: Enhance traffic management in the CBD

Integration of non-motorised transport into all transport and land use planning

activities

Provide all roads with suitable walking lanes

Development street traffic calming and other traffic control measures to make

street environments

Provide pedestrian crossings facilities (signal –controlled crossings, overhead

signs, flashing lights, street lighting for illumination)

Propose full pedestrian streets

Decongest the bus park by:-

1. Limiting use of Kisii bus park for vehicles that ply nationally and regionally

only

2. Acquire land and develop bus parks on the following routes;

Kisii- Kilgoris route-at Public works (Mwembe) Kisii- Nyamira – at Jogoo Kisii- Suneka- Migori route- after Daraja Mbili Kisii- Sotik route – opposite Kisii University Town Campus

Propose areas to be free of motor cycles

1. Posta _Capital_ Hospital Roundabout

2. Kisii Mattress-St.Jude- Kemera Petrol station

3. All roads interconnecting 1and 2 above i.e Ogembo street, Mosque, National

Bank-Bus Park, Post Bank-Kisii Parish

6.3 Development Control

KISII MUNICIPALITY CAPITAL INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK

Funding infrastructure is a challenge. Municipalities are primarily responsible for establishing the

infrastructure needed for delivering services and addressing the principal welfare issues of citizens whose

behavior and decisions have important consequences.

The capacity of traditional sources of finance for municipal delivery of services is exceeded by the

demand for capital to fulfill this role. An expanded programme for procuring investment in, building,

operating and renewing infrastructure within the realistic financial bounds of municipalities, while

broadening the available funding portfolio, needs careful technical preparation. Moreover, theoretical

modelling shows that borrowing of the order of R242 billion over a period of ten years, starting more

than three years ago in 2007, is needed to keep pace with the dramatic challenges of the delivery of

services. Such circumstances make it difficult to determine which dimensions and what sectors are

most important for investment planning and in achieving greater service stability.

The Municipal Capital Investment Framework (MCIF) as a component of the County Spatial

Development Framework is a requirement in planning and Performance management.

The purpose of the MCIF is therefore to strategically and spatially guide, align and co-ordinate municipal

capital expenditure