Kingdom Protista

Sabrina Pietrucha and Soha Huq

Domain: Eukarya★ Kingdoms Protista, Fungi,

Plantae, Animalia○ Eukaryotes, many ways to access

energy, can be unicellular or multicellular.

★ Most ways to access carbon.

Domain Eukarya holds many familiar organisms.

Kingdom Protista: Cell Type★ Eukaryotes, evolved about 2.1 billion years

ago.○ Has nucleus and a more complicated structure than

Prokaryotes.★ No unique organelles★ Typically no cell wall, but may be present.

○ Made of cellulose, pectin and silica.

★ First Eukaryotes, evolved due to endosymbiosis.○ Larger bacterium engulfs

smaller one by surrounding it in its cytoplasm.

★ Can be either Unicellular or Multicellular

Algae, a member of Kingdom Protista, is multicellular.

Kingdom: Nutrition★ Autotrophs and Heterotrophs★ Use photosynthesis, decomposing, or simply

eating smaller organisms for obtaining energy. How a

regular protist eats to obtain energy (glucose)

Kingdom: Reproduction★ Typically asexual, but

can also reproduce sexually by fission.○ Uses the oogonium

and antheridium★ Mitosis and meiosis.

Asexual Reproduction of a Protista.

Kingdom: Relationships ★ Protista has organisms which are

autotrophs and use photosynthesis like Plantae.

★ Can move and be autotrophs like Animalia.

★ Reproduce with spores and can be parasites like Fungi.

Interesting Kingdom Facts★ Kingdom Protista is the broadest

kingdom.★ Many organisms in Protista were

originally classified as Fungi.★ Biologists believe that protists were

the ancestors of plants and animals★ The word protist comes from a Greek

word meaning primary because they were believed to be the first organsims

Some examples of organisms in Kingdom Protista.

Phylum Oomycota: Ecology★ Resides in water or moist soil★ Omnivores (Heterotrophs)

○ Decompose matter and absorb energy from surroundings by eating others. Also uses photosynthesis.

★ Symbiotic Relationship: Parasitism○ Destroys crops and harms aquatic life

Oomycota: Species and Anatomy★ About 500 organisms

○ Ex: Saprolegnia, water molds, downy mildew

★ Anatomy: Cell wall (glucans), 2 flagella, mycolaminarian storage system, fungus- like threads (hypha)

Water molds, as dictated by their name, reside in water

Oomycota: Organism ★ Kingdom: Protista

○ Phylum: Oomycota ○ Class: Oomycetes ○ Order: Peronosporales ○ Family: Pythiaceae ○ Genus: Phytophthora○ Species: Phytophthora infestans

Image of Phytophthora infestans close-up (So beautiful…?)

This Protista is extremely devastating to crops and can wipe out entire fields. To top it off, they reproduce quickly as well.

Oomycota: Relationships★ Bears strong resemblance to most phyla,

also uses spores and are heterotrophic.★ Parasitism (serious diseases! We’ll get to

that…)★ Mostly resembles fungi more than any

other phyla.

Interesting Info★ Brought about the creation

of the chemical Bordeaux.★ Dangerous to chocolate

production and oak trees.★ Caused The Great Famine

in Ireland.About a million people died from hunger when potatoes were attacked by Phytophthora infestans.

Phylum Zoomastigophora

In the phylum Zoomastigophora, there is the species called giardia. It is known for having many flagella.

★ Has parasitic relationships with organisms

★ Species-○ trypanosoma○ leishmania○ giardia○ trichomonadida

Anatomy★ All Zoomastigophora have flagella for

locomotion! ★ Has a thin layer called pellicle that

supports the cell membrane, protects them and allows them to retain their shape during locomotion

★ Kingdom- Protista★ Phylum & or Class-

Zoomastigophora★ Order- Kinetoplastida ★ Family- Trypanosomatidae★ Genus- Trypanosoma ★ Species- brucei Trypanosoma brucei among

red blood cells. This causes the infected organism to fall into a fatal sleep.

Relationships With Other Phyla★ Similarities

○ Has species that cause diseases○ Uses locomotion ○ Some have a pellicle layer○ Parasitism

★ Differences○ It’s non-photosynthetic

Zoomastigophora Facts★ Also known as

Zooflagellates★ The species

Trypanosomabrucei causes African sleeping sickness.★ Can have 4 to 6 flagella!

(That’s a lot)

Map of the deaths in certain African countries causes by African sleeping sickness

Works Cited "Five Kingdom Classification System." Five Kingdom Classification System. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2014.

Gregory, Michael J. "Protists." Faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2014.

"Oomycota." - MicrobeWiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2014

"Kingdom Protista." Kingdom Protista. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2014.

Miller, Kenneth R., and Joseph S. Levine. Biology. Boston, MA: Pearson, 2014. 526-27. Print.

"Phytophthora Infestans Classification Information - Sometimes It's Hard to Fit in."Phytophthora Infestans Classification Information - Sometimes It's Hard to Fit in. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2014.

"Plant Life." : Oomycetes. N.p.", n.d. Web. 12 May 2014., n.d. Web. 12 May 2014.

"Taxonomy of African Trypanosoma Species." Taxonomy of African Trypanosoma Species. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2014.

"UNM Biology Undergraduate Labs." Untitled 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2014.

FIN