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KingdomKingdomProtista CH. 20Protista CH. 20
Evolution of Evolution of Eukaryotic LifeEukaryotic Life
ENDOSYMBIONT THEORYEarly eukaryotes developed symbiotic relationships with prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells lived inside eukaryotic cells
Over time, the smaller prokaryotic cells evolved with the eukaryotic cells to become mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiosis Video
Basic Characteristics of the Kingdom Protista
What are PROTISTS??1. Eukaryotic- it has a nucleus and membrane bound
organelles
2. Unicellular (except ALGEA is multicellular)
• Protists are separated into three groups according to how they obtain energy.
• Major classes of ProtistsMajor classes of Protists– Animal-like protistsAnimal-like protists– Plant-like protistsPlant-like protists– Fungus-like protistsFungus-like protists
Plant-like Protists
• All are autotrophic-meaning they can make their own food
• Examples:
Euglena
Algae
Euglena
• Euglena contain: chloroplasts, a flagella, and an eyespot to sense where light is.
• Unique because they are both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Draw and Label the EuglenaDraw and Label the Euglena
More EuglenasMore Euglenas
Multicellular: AlgaeMulticellular: Algae
• Are not generally true multicellular Are not generally true multicellular organisms, but rather "colonies"organisms, but rather "colonies"
• Show beginnings of specialized functions / Show beginnings of specialized functions / tissuestissues
• 3 types 3 types – Green algaeGreen algae– Red AlgaeRed Algae– Brown algaeBrown algae
Brown Algea:Brown Algea:
Giant Kelp ForestGiant Kelp Forest
Volvox: a green colonial algaeVolvox: a green colonial algae
Red algeal bloomRed algeal bloom
Animal-like Protists
• Are all heterotrophs
• Classified by how they move.
• Examples:
Amoeba
Paramecium
Amoeba
Moves using pseudopods- “false feet”- cytoplasmic projections
Found in freshwater
Pseudopods
They also use pseudopods for feeding
Amoeba Paramecium
Pseudopod
Pseudopod
Food Vacuole
Draw and label the AmoebaDraw and label the Amoeba
More amoebasMore amoebas
Have contractile vacuoles to pump out freshwater diffusing in due to osmosis.
-Move using Cilia
Paramecium
Paramecium- move using cilia (tiny hairlike projections)
Draw and Draw and Label the Label the ParameciumParamecium……
Your teacher Your teacher will be will be coming coming around to around to check!!!!check!!!!
More ParameciumMore Paramecium
Fungus like Protists:
• Fungus like Protists:Fungus like Protists:
• All are external heterotrophs.– Act as Act as decomposersdecomposers– Often have a slimy appearance/texture, hence Often have a slimy appearance/texture, hence
their name.their name.– 2 types: 2 types:
• Slime moldsSlime molds• Water moldsWater molds
Water moldsWater molds:
• Water molds:Water molds:– Completely aquaticCompletely aquatic– Often Often
decomposersdecomposers– Sometimes Sometimes
parasiticparasitic
Water mold attacking a fishWater mold attacking a fish
Slime molds upclose
Water and Slime molds are not in the Kingdom Fungi because their cell walls are made up of cellulose not chitin.
Review of prokaryotic & eukaryotic characteristics:
DNA in eukaryotic cells is contained in a nucleus; DNA in prokaryotic cells is not membrane bound and the cells do not have nuclei.
Eukaryotes have a variety of organelles, some of which are separated from the cytoplasm by membranes; prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryotes are composed of large cell(s) (10-100 micrometers); most prokaryotes are small cells (1-10 micrometers)
The Evolution of the Eukaryotic Cell
Review of major events in the history of life on Earth:
4.6 billion years ago (bya) – Earth formed 3.5-4.0 bya – First prokaryotes appear 2.0-2.5 bya – Photosynthetic prokaryotes
begin producing oxygen 1.5-2.0 bya – First eukaryotes appear 700 million years ago – First multicellular
life appear
**No intermediate forms between prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been discovered.
DISEASES CAUSED BY PROTISTS
• MALARIA – Plasmodium– Causes severe chills, fever, sweating,
confusion, and great thirst.– Spread from person to person by the
anopheles mosquito.
• Amoebic dysentery – Entamoeba histolytica– Amoebas feed on intestinal lining, causing
bloody diarrhea.– Contaminated food or water.
• Giardiasis – Giardia lamblia– Cramps, nausea, diarrhea,
and vomiting– Contaminated water
Leishmaniasis – Trypanosoma
Skin sores and deep, eroding lesions.
Bites from sand flies.
• Sleeping sickness– Trypanosoma gamiense– Traypnaosoma rhodesiense– Fever, weakness, lethargy– Bite from infected insects such as tsetse
fly.
Chagas’ Disease – Trypanosoma cruzi
Fever, severe heart damage
Bite from infected kissing bug.
• Toxoplasmosis – Toxoplasma gongii– Primary danger is fetal infection; can
cause convulsions, brain damage, blindness, and death in fetuses.
– Contact with infected cats or improperly cooked meat.
