Kingdom Fungi This chapter describes the morphology, life
cycles, and ecological importance of the kingdom Fungi. The
divisions of fungi are established on the basis of variations in
sexual reproduction. Lichens are symbiotic complexes of fungi and
algae. Fungi play an important ecological role, both as decomposers
and by their mychorrizal associations with plant roots. A
flagellated protistan may have been the common ancestor to fungi
and animals. Slide 2 Introduction to the Fungi Most fungi are
multicellular eukaryotes. They differ from other eukaryotes in
their nutrition, structure, growth, and reproduction.
http://www.dazed.org/npa/npj/200206/fungi%20picback.jpg Slide 3
Introduction to the Fungi Fungi are heterotrophs They obtain
nutrition through absorption, in which they take up small molecules
from their surroundings. Fungi secrete hydrolytic enzymes and
digest food outside their bodies.
http://mercury.bio.uaf.edu/courses/biol105/lectures/Section4/4b4b.jpg
Slide 4 Introduction to the Fungi The bodies of fungi are composed
of filaments called hyphae that are intertwined together to form a
mycelium (the body). Most fungi are multicellular and the hyphae
are made up of cells with walls between them called septa. The cell
walls are made of chitin.
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/31-01-FungalMycelia-L.jpg
Slide 5 Introduction to the Fungi Know Figure 31.2
http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbios/31-01-FungalMycelia-L.jpg
Slide 6 Introduction to the Fungi Fungi produce spores either
sexually or asexually They disperse spores in order to reproduce
The spores of most fungal species are haploid
http://www.kcom.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/Lects/fungi9.jpg
Slide 7 Sexual vs Asexual Fungi Reproduction
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Slide 8 Diversity of Fungi There are four phyla of fungi: 1. 1.
Chytridiomycota 2. 2. Zygomycota 3. 3. Ascomycota 4. 4.
Basidomycota
http://www.uccs.edu/~rmelamed/MicroFall2002/Chapter%209/Fungi.jpg
Slide 9 Diversity of Fungi Division Chytridiomycota (chytrids) 1.
1. Aquatic saprobes or parasites 2. 2. Thought to be the most
primitive of fungi
http://www.avocadosalad.org/jquest/bio/images/funchytrids.JPG Slide
10 Diversity of Fungi Division Zygomycota (zygote fungi) 1. 1.
Terrestrial 2. 2. Some form mycorrhizae mutualistic assocations
with plant roots (Producing enzymes that encourage root growth) 3.
3. Common specimen is bread mold (Rhizopus)
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/31.6.jpg Slide 11
Diversity of Fungi Ascomycota (sac fungi) 1. 1. Live in a variety
of environments 2. 2. Common forms include unicellular yeasts, cup
fungi, morels, and lichens
http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/fungi_orangepeel.jpg Slide
12 Diversity of Fungi Basidiomycota (club fungus) 1. 1. Include
mushrooms 2. 2. Important decomposers of plant material
http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/clubfungi.jpg Slide 13 Diversity
of Fungi Three other important fungi include: 1. 1. Molds 2. 2.
Yeasts 3. 3. Lichens
http://www.moldfighter.com/pictures/mold_large.jpg
http://www.ipb-halle.de/ipb/user/tfester/english/beer/ingreds/yeast2.jpg
http://peter.odryna.com/photolib/vacations/1998jun%20Yosemite/images/Lichen%20in%20tree.jpg
Slide 14 Diversity of Fungi Molds 1. 1. Rapidly growing fungi that
reproduce asexually 2. 2. Saprobes or parasites 3. 3. Common form
is penicillin, other forms are also used as antibiotics
http://www.eamlabs.com/penicillin.png Slide 15 Diversity of Fungi
Yeasts 1. 1. Unicellular fungi that live in moist habitats 2. 2.
Produce asexually by budding 3. 3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae used in
baking, brewing, and molecular genetic research
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Slide 16 Diversity of Fungi Lichens 1. 1. Symbiotic associations of
photosynthetic microorganisms (algae) embedded in a network of
fungal hyphae 2. 2. Hardy organisms that are pioneers on rock and
soil surfaces
http://www.herbarium.usu.edu/fungi/FunFacts/LichenXS.jpg
www.treedictionary.com/.../lichens-2.html Slide 17 Ecological
Impacts of Fungi Fungi are important decomposers that release
organic nutrients, enabling them to cycle through the environment
Pathogenic fungi cause athletes foot, yeast infections, and lung
infections Some fungi are edible, such as commercially cultivated
mushrooms as well as some wild mushrooms
http://www.nifg.org.uk/amanita_muscaria2.jpg Slide 18 Phylogenetic
Relationships of Fungi Flagellated stage found in the most ancient
lineage of chytrids is indicative of a protist ancestor Other
fungal divisions lost their flagellated stages as they developed
reproduction and dispersal methods for life on land Comparisons of
proteins and ribosomal RNA indicate that animals and fungi diverged
from a common ancestor
http://www.sidwell.edu/us/science/vlb/class/fungi/fungiphylotree.jpg
Slide 19 Sexual vs Asexual Fungi Reproduction
http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/doc/class/bio1151/Locked/media/ch31/31_05FungiLifeCycle.jpg
Slide 20 Fungi Lifecycle
http://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/__data/page/1431/fungilife.gif Slide 21
Label Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, and meiosis p. 582
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Slide 22 Label Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, and meiosis p. 582
http://smccd.net/accounts/case/fungi/basidiolife.gif Slide 23
Ecological Impacts of Fungi Phylogenetic Relationships of Fungi
