Kidney Notes Where Are the Kidneys701

8/13/2019 Kidney Notes Where Are the Kidneys701

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Kidney Notes


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Where Are the Kidneys? There are two kidneys, one in each side ofyour backaround the area where yourwaist is.

Each kidney is about the size of your fist Each kidney contains a million littlemachinescalled nephrons.

Q. If you have 2 kidneys how many

nephrons do you have? A: 2 Million!!


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What is a Nephron? It is a filtering machinethat has twomain parts

The Glomerulusis a ball of tiny bloodvessels that receives blood from thebody and takes out (filters) some of itsfluid

The Tubuleis a little tube that collectsfluid and does even more filtering.


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What Happens in the

Tubules? In the tubules, chemicals and waterare either put into the fluid or taken

away. At the end of the tubule, the fluid

becomes urine. Eww!


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How Much Fluid do the

Kidneys Handle? About 189 liters of fluid every 24hours.

Less than 2 liters are removed fromthe body every day in the form ofurine,

So about 187 quarts are returned toyour blood stream from the kidneys.


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The kidneys are SOOO

SMART!They are powerful chemical factories that: Remove waste from our body Remove drugs form our body

Balance the body's fluids Control the amount of salt, potassium and acid inthe body

Make hormones that control blood pressure Make active vitamin D that promotes strong,

healthy bones Control when red blood cells are made


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The Kidneys and Chemical

Balance Kidneys control when salt, potassium andacid can leave your body.

When you eat, you produce acid that thekidneys get rid of in your urine.

Did you know that if you are a vegetarianyou make less acid than if you eat meat?

Some patients have to take bicarbonate(baking soda) to neutralize the acid!!


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The Kidneys and Acid When your kidneys fail, they cantget rid of the acid, so more and morestays in your body.

Your cells dont like all that acid, andyour body cannot grow well.

If you have this problem, a daily shotof growth hormone can help you grow.


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The hormonesWhat is a hormone? A chemical signal

Made by one part of the body Travels through the blood

Starts or stops activity in anotherpart of the body.


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The Kidney-Bone

ConnectionParathyroid gland: located in your neck that makes hormones that control growth of your

bones

Acidosis If your kidneys fail, they cant get rid of acid. In time, you may have too much (acidosis) Acidosis sends the wrong message to the

parathyroid

The parathyroid makes hormones that tell yourbones not to grow.

Your bones may get thin, become weak, evenbreak.


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The Kidneys and

Phosphorus If your kidneys fail, they cannot get rid of thephosphorus that you eat.

High phosphorus causes bone pain or weak bones

that may break The phosphorus can stick together and clog upyour blood vessels.

When your kidneys fail you will need to Change what you eat (less phosphorus) Take medicines that stick to the phosphorus in

your intestines, before it gets into your blood!


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The Kidneys-Heart

Connection The heart pumps your blood When the heart squeezes the blood into your

blood vessels (arteries), the moving bloodpushes against the sides of the arteries. That

pushing force is your blood pressure.Two numbers are checked for your blood

pressure Systolic pressure (bigger number) = how much

pressure when your heart is squeezing the most

Diastolic pressure (smaller number) = pressurewhen your heart rests between beats.

Example: 120/80


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The Kidneys-Heart

Connection When your kidneys fail, yourblood pressure may go up

High blood pressure can lead tohealth problems, like heartattacks and strokes that damageyour brain


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The Kidneys-Bone

Marrow ConnectionKidneys make a hormone called erythopoietin(EPO)

EPO tell your bone marrow to make new

red blood cellsWhen kidneys fail they stop making EPO Then your bone marrow cannot make

enough red blood cells (anemia) Shots of EPO 1-3 times each week can get

your red blood cells back to normal


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The Kidneys-Brain

ConnectionWhen your kidneys fail, you may not be ableto learn as well as other classmates,because

Toxins (poisonous substances) that arenormally filtered out of blood by thekidneys slow down your brain

Anemia keeps your brain from gettingoxygen and also slows it down

High blood pressure can cause a stroke(bleeding inside your brain)


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Chronic Kidney DiseaseA problem with the kidneys that gets

worse and worse. It cant be cured, but

it can be controlled.


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Did you know that CKD is

what is called silent? This means that you do not feeldifferent, because your body has nomajor problems.

Doctors can tell how sick yourkidneys are with blood tests

By the time you feel sick, your

kidneys may already be very, verysick


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What You Should

Learn Causes of CKD Stages of CKD and Treatment

Long-term outcome with CKD


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What Causes CKD? You were born with it (birth defect):your kidneys or urinary tract hadproblems growing before you wereborn

You were born with it (familialdisease): kidney disease runs in yourfamily, but problems may not happenfor several years.

You got it after you were born(acquired): your kidneys got sick forsome other reason (even your doctormay not know exactly why)


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Stages of CKDThere are 5 stages, based on how well yourkidney is working (we measure this bytesting the creatinine level in your blood).

Stages 1 and 2: kidneys still working well.Normally you will not need medications

Stage 3: kidneys not working as well. You

will need some medications


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Stages of CKD Stage 4: kidneys not working well at all.You will need more medicines, includingshots in some cases

Stage 5: kidneys are not working (fullrenal failure). You will need something elseto work for them: Kidney machine: dialysis New kidney: transplant

You stay in Stage 5 and go back and forthbetween kidney transplant and dialysis


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DialysisThere are 2 kinds for chronic kidneyfailure

Hemodialysis blood leaves yourbody, gets filtered and returns

Peritoneal dialysis fluid goes in your

belly and leaves with toxins, acid, etc.


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Transplant The most common way to help people sick withStage 5 Kidney Disease

Many people waiting in line on the transplant list

to get a new kidney You can get a kidney from a family member or afriend (shortest wait) or from someone who died(longer wait).

New kidney lasts for several years will last longer if you take your medicines correctly.


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Loss of a Kidney

TransplantLoss means your new kidney stops working.Youre back at Stage 5.

Why does that happen (to teenagers)?

The #1 reason you lose your new kidney is NOTtaking your medicines What happens then?

You wait (years) for another kidney transplant. In the meantime, you go back on dialysis.

TAKE YOUR MEDICINES!!


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Why do teenagers not

take their medicines?There are several reasons you might not: You dont understand your medical

condition

You believe that nothing bad will happen You want to be normal, like everyone else You dont feel sick to begin with, so not

taking the medicines doesnt feel anydifferent.


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More reasons teens dont

take their medicines? You dont see any real problems ordirect consequences if you miss your

medicines. Its no big deal.

You dont think that the health team

can tell when youre not takingmedications.


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Guess What?When teens dont take medications health

providers notice changes. There areseveral:

Youre not growing as you should Tests of your blood show Medication levels that are too low or too high

Kidneys that arent working.

Problems are found during physicalexamination at the doctors office


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So can health providersreally tell when teens dont

take their medicines?

YES, without a doubt. But.health providers can also helpyou remember to take your

medicinesask them for suggestions!


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What can you do to

remember your medicines? Put all your medicines in a containerthat has little cubbies for each day ofthe week.

Take your medicines at the same timeevery day Pick something you already have to do

every day and always take medicines atthe same time Getting dressed Eating your breakfast Brushing your teeth


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Do you have suggestions

to other teenagers abouthow to remember to take

your medicines?


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Long-term outcome of

CKD Most people who have CKD before age 18live to become adults!

New medicines and treatments only workon people who are alive.

Youll be on your own sooner than you think

You need to learn how to manage your

disease without the help of your parents.


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Your medicines: what you

need to know Why do you take each of your medicines? What problems (side effects) can happen with

your medications

Which other medicines dont mix with yours andcan cause problems if you take them together. Read the label on the container:

When do you need to take them? How much should you take?

Are there special instructions (like taking with food)? Call for refills 2 weeks before you run out!


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Your Medical

Appointments Come to the appointments with atleast 3 questions for your nurse ordoctor

Before you leave each appointment,make sure the next appointment isalready set up and you can make it

Dont miss your medical appointments


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Your Diet Restrictions WHAT: Learn about the food you caneat

WHY: Understand the reasons youhave to avoid certain kinds of food DONT: You should avoid pre-

packaged and pre-made food. Fresh

food will help keep your kidneyshealthy.


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Exercise! The more active you are, thehealthier your kidneys and heart will

be. Check with your medical team beforestarting physically demanding or

contact sports


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Do not smoke! Smoking can speed up damage to yourkidneys, even if youre doing

everything else perfectly!


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Do not drink or use illegal

drugs Alcohol can make your blood pressure goup and can cause your kidneys not to workas well.

Drug use may interfere with taking neededmedications. Some drugs dont mix withyour medications and make them not workor cause serious side effects.

Other drugs may be kidney poisons

(nephrotoxic). Protect your kidneys. Do not take risks.

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Kidney Notes Where Are the Kidneys701