Dr. Khalid Hashim Shlash 

Veterinary History in Veterinary History in Ancient MesopotamiaAncient MesopotamiaCodex Codex HammurapiHammurapi StelaStela 17921792--1749 1749 BCBC

AA stelastela discovereddiscovered atat SusaSusaAA stelastela discovereddiscovered atat SusaSusainin 19011901 andand nownow housedhoused inin thetheLouvreLouvre containscontains legislationslegislationsff V iV i iiforfor VeterinaryVeterinary ServicesServicesLowLow NoNo.. 224224.. IfIf aa veterinaryveterinarysurgeonsurgeon performperform aa seriousserioussurgeonsurgeon performperform aa seriousseriousoperationoperation onon anan assass oror anan ox,ox,andand curecure it,it, thethe ownerowner shallshall,,paypay thethe surgeonsurgeon oneone--sixthsixth ofof aashekelshekel asas aa feefee..

ff hh ffLowLow NoNo.. 225225.. IfIf hehe performperform aaseriousserious operationoperation onon anan assass ororoxox andand killkill itit hehe shallshall paypay thetheox,ox, andand killkill it,it, hehe shallshall paypay thetheownerowner oneone--fourthfourth ofof itsits valuevalue..

Iraqi Veterinary Services during the last centuryIraqi Veterinary Services during the last century

1914 1914 –– 1918 1918 ((11WW) WW) –– Establishing Establishing 11stst veterinary clinic and a small veterinary veterinary clinic and a small veterinary laboratory, it was directed by British Colonel laboratory, it was directed by British Colonel –– S.R.JadwicS.R.Jadwic1918 1918 –– Named as Royal veterinary and riding animal office Named as Royal veterinary and riding animal office y y gy y g1924 1924 -- Establishing the Establishing the 11stst small veterinary diagnostic laboratory small veterinary diagnostic laboratory 1925 1925 –– Named as General Veterinary DirectoryNamed as General Veterinary Directory19341934 –– Developing the Capacity of the veterinary diagnostic laboratory inDeveloping the Capacity of the veterinary diagnostic laboratory in1934 1934 Developing the Capacity of the veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Developing the Capacity of the veterinary diagnostic laboratory in BaghdadBaghdad1936 1936 –– Writing the Writing the 11stst Animal health legislations and named as Low No Animal health legislations and named as Low No 3636..19381938 Rewriting theRewriting the 11stst Animal health legislations and named as Low NoAnimal health legislations and named as Low No 38381938 1938 –– Rewriting the Rewriting the 11 Animal health legislations and named as Low No Animal health legislations and named as Low No 3838. . 1958 1958 –– Establishing a new General Directory for Animal wealth and Establishing a new General Directory for Animal wealth and Veterinary ServicesVeterinary Services19611961 E t bli hi V t i l b t i f di i d h iE t bli hi V t i l b t i f di i d h i1961 1961 -- Establishing new Veterinary laboratories for diagnosis and research in Establishing new Veterinary laboratories for diagnosis and research in Abo Abo –– Grab, which it was fully equipped sections in Virological, Grab, which it was fully equipped sections in Virological, Bacteriological, Parasitological and Laboratory Animals unit, and producing Bacteriological, Parasitological and Laboratory Animals unit, and producing vaccines for Sheep Pox and Fowl Pox, Hemorrhagic Septicaemia , Black Leg vaccines for Sheep Pox and Fowl Pox, Hemorrhagic Septicaemia , Black Leg and Anthraxand Anthrax..

IRAQIIRAQIPRODUCTIVEPRODUCTIVELIVESTOCKLIVESTOCKPOPULATIONPOPULATION20062006

13852561385256 1485771485772000000020000000

13793789 9048 30000003000000

veterinary institutional organisationveterinary institutional organisationveterinary institutional organisationveterinary institutional organisationMinistry Of AgricultureMinistry Of Agriculture

Minister Minister Deputy Deputy 

State Company For Veterinary State Company For Veterinary Services  Services  ‐‐ SCVSSCVS

Pl i  & I l t ti  Pl i  & I l t ti  Animal HealthAnimal Health Planning & Implantation Planning & Implantation  Quarantine Quarantine 

Epidemiology Epidemiology  Storage & SupplementsStorage & Supplements Meat Inspection Meat Inspection 

TADs TADs ‐‐ LaboratoryLaboratoryFood Safety Food Safety LaboratoryLaboratory

Center Diagnostic Center Diagnostic Lab.Lab.

Quality Control Quality Control  Brucellosis Lab. Brucellosis Lab.  Veterinary  Veterinary  HospitalsHospitals

All the All the 18 18 Iraqi provinces had Veterinary HospitalIraqi provinces had Veterinary Hospitalq p y pq p y pEach Veterinary Hospital had numbers of Veterinary Each Veterinary Hospital had numbers of Veterinary 

Dispensers  Dispensers  

The State Company for Veterinary ServicesThe State Company for Veterinary Services

B hd d V t i H it l (Pit d lB hd d V t i H it l (Pit d lBaghdad Veterinary Hospital (Pit and large Baghdad Veterinary Hospital (Pit and large Animal Surgery)Animal Surgery)

National Sheep National Sheep ppBrucellosis VaccineBrucellosis VaccineBrucellosis Vaccine Brucellosis Vaccine

CampaignCampaign 20092009% Of Campaign application =% Of Campaign application = 9292 55 Using REVUsing REV 11 Strain vaccine includingStrain vaccine including 33 –– 88

Campaign Campaign 20092009% Of Campaign application = % Of Campaign application = 9292..5 5 Using REV Using REV 1 1 Strain vaccine including Strain vaccine including 3 3 –– 8 8

months of age only months of age only The total number of vaccinated animals during The total number of vaccinated animals during 3 3 weeks of the campaign = weeks of the campaign = 18370171837017% Of P iti I R ft% Of P iti I R ft 2121 d f i tid f i ti 9292 22 ( U i R( U i R% Of Positive Immune Response after % Of Positive Immune Response after 21 21 days of vaccination = days of vaccination = 9292..2 2 ( Using Rose ( Using Rose

Bengal test )Bengal test )

National Center for the National Center for the National Center for the National Center for the Control of Transboundary Control of Transboundary yy

Animal Diseases Animal Diseases T b d  A i l T b d  A i l Transboundary Animal Transboundary Animal Diseases LaboratoryDiseases Laboratoryyy

(TADs Lab.)(TADs Lab.)

Establish inEstablish inEstablish in Establish in October October 2008 2008

Main Mission:Main Mission:Main Mission: Main Mission: Monitoring and controlling the Monitoring and controlling the g gg g

TADs in Iraq with cooperation of TADs in Iraq with cooperation of i i i ii i i ineighbouring countries , intended neighbouring countries , intended

world organizations and referenceworld organizations and referenceworld organizations and reference world organizations and reference laboratories .laboratories .

VisionVisionVisionVisionEstablish a regional strategyEstablish a regional strategy

Aiming to prevent, control and/or Aiming to prevent, control and/or eradicate animaleradicate animal transborder diseasestransborder diseaseseradicate animaleradicate animal transborder diseases transborder diseases using among other tools a coordinated using among other tools a coordinated

action with existing Regional and action with existing Regional and International OrganizationsInternational OrganizationsInternational OrganizationsInternational Organizations

VisionVisionVisionVisionIncrease Increase awareness of the role of awareness of the role of

national veterinary servicesnational veterinary services..How the effectiveness of the nationalHow the effectiveness of the nationalHow the effectiveness of the national How the effectiveness of the national veterinary service facilitates or limits veterinary service facilitates or limits

trade, the capacity to grow, the trade, the capacity to grow, the economical prosperity and theeconomical prosperity and theeconomical prosperity and the economical prosperity and the

countries confidence.countries confidence.

VisionVisionVisionVisionEstablish a regional strategyEstablish a regional strategy

Aiming to prevent, control and/or Aiming to prevent, control and/or eradicate animaleradicate animal transborder diseasestransborder diseaseseradicate animaleradicate animal transborder diseases transborder diseases using among other tools a coordinated using among other tools a coordinated

action with existing Regional and action with existing Regional and International OrganizationsInternational OrganizationsInternational OrganizationsInternational Organizations

VisionVisionEstablish a shared compromise Establish a shared compromise 

with all veterinary services across with all veterinary services across with all veterinary services across with all veterinary services across all groups of interestall groups of interest. . 

This commitment is related with a This commitment is related with a joint work on epidemiological joint work on epidemiological joint work on epidemiological joint work on epidemiological 

surveillance, transparency in the surveillance, transparency in the i  i f i   hi  i  i f i   hi  sanitary information reaching sanitary information reaching 

animal healthanimal health andand aiming safety aiming safety g yg ytrade.trade.

VisionVisionVisionVisionEnhance the interaction with Enhance the interaction with Enhance the interaction with Enhance the interaction with 

the the  private sectorprivate sector. . This requires making This requires making 

improvements in critical areas  improvements in critical areas  improvements in critical areas, improvements in critical areas, among others, such among others, such 

ffas as  communication, information, communication, information, official representation, official representation, official representation, official representation, 

accreditation, accreditation,  and the and the  capacity to capacity to d t     t iti   d d t     t iti   d respond to new opportunities and respond to new opportunities and 

challenges. challenges. 

VisionVisionGuarantyGuaranty appropriate application and appropriate application and

ili i fili i f i i l d di i l d dutilization ofutilization of international standards international standards aiming aiming safety trade based upon safety trade based upon gg y py p

scientific knowledge.scientific knowledge.Th d ti fTh d ti f t ti l tht ti l thThe reduction ofThe reduction of potential pathogens potential pathogens

diffusion can be reached by application diffusion can be reached by application y ppy ppof regionalization/zonification, of regionalization/zonification,

compartmentalization and riskcompartmentalization and risk basedbasedcompartmentalization and riskcompartmentalization and risk--based based products trade conceptsproducts trade concepts

What are Transboundary What are Transboundary yyanimal diseases?animal diseases?

TADs are highly contagious, significant TADs are highly contagious, significant economic, trade and /or food security economic, trade and /or food security important diseases for a considerable important diseases for a considerable

number of countries; which can easily spread number of countries; which can easily spread to other countries and reach epidemic to other countries and reach epidemic

proportions; and where control/management, proportions; and where control/management, including exclusion, requires cooperation including exclusion, requires cooperation

between several countries.between several countries.

What are Transboundary animal diseases?What are Transboundary animal diseases?What are Transboundary animal diseases?What are Transboundary animal diseases?

AnimalAnimal diseasesdiseases oftenoften migratemigrate oror spreadspread acrossacross‐‐ AnimalAnimal diseasesdiseases oftenoften migratemigrate oror spreadspread acrossacrossbordersborders andand causecause majormajor losseslosses andand emergencies,emergencies,suchsuch damagedamage hashas onon occasionsoccasions beenbeen catastrophiccatastrophicsuchsuch damagedamage hashas onon occasionsoccasions beenbeen catastrophic,catastrophic,leadingleading toto faminesfamines andand sometimessometimes triggeringtriggering tradetraderestrictionsrestrictionsrestrictionsrestrictions..‐‐ DevelopingDeveloping countriescountries areare frequentlyfrequently notnot ableable toto

reactreact sufficientlysufficiently quicklyquickly toto suchsuch eventsevents andandreactreact sufficientlysufficiently quicklyquickly toto suchsuch events,events, andandextensiveextensive emergencyemergency operationsoperations asas wellwell asasinternationalinternational assistanceassistance becomesbecomes necessarynecessaryinternationalinternational assistanceassistance becomesbecomes necessarynecessary..

AlthoughAlthough effectiveeffective controlcontrol methodsmethods usuallyusually existexist nownow againstagainstthesethese diseasesdiseases suchsuch crisiscrisis managementmanagement inevitablyinevitably involvesinvolves delaysdelaysthesethese diseases,diseases, suchsuch crisiscrisis managementmanagement inevitablyinevitably involvesinvolves delays,delays,aa lowlow efficiency/costefficiency/cost ratioratio andand anan inabilityinability toto containcontain thethe problemproblematat anan earlyearly stagestage..

List of Priority Transboundary Animal Diseases:List of Priority Transboundary Animal Diseases:Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and Mouth Disease Bovine Spongiform EncephalopathyBovine Spongiform EncephalopathyRinderpestRinderpestRinderpestRinderpestPeste des Petites RuminantsPeste des Petites RuminantsContagious Bovine PleuropneumoniaContagious Bovine PleuropneumoniaContagious Bovine PleuropneumoniaContagious Bovine PleuropneumoniaRift Valley Fever                                              Rift Valley Fever                                              Sheep pox and Goat poxSheep pox and Goat poxSheep pox and Goat poxSheep pox and Goat poxBluetongue Bluetongue Viscular stomatitis/enteritisViscular stomatitis/enteritisViscular stomatitis/enteritisViscular stomatitis/enteritisLumpy Skin DiseaseLumpy Skin DiseaseHighly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Newcastle diseaseNewcastle disease

19801980ss

19901990ss RINDERPESTRINDERPEST

20012001

FeverFeverDischarges: nose, eyes Discharges: nose, eyes 

i hi h20012001 Diarrhea /DysenteryDiarrhea /DysenteryUlcers in mouthUlcers in mouth

Death (can exceed Death (can exceed 90 90 %)%)

2001Death (can exceed Death (can exceed 90 90 %)%)

2008 2008 ? last suspicions

Outbreaks of Rinderpest virus can have Outbreaks of Rinderpest virus can have devastating economic effects. Rinderpest is devastating economic effects. Rinderpest is

highly contagious and can destroy entirehighly contagious and can destroy entirehighly contagious and can destroy entire highly contagious and can destroy entire populations of cattle and buffalo. populations of cattle and buffalo.

Outbreaks can lead to famine in areas Outbreaks can lead to famine in areas where cattle are depended upon for meat,where cattle are depended upon for meat,where cattle are depended upon for meat, where cattle are depended upon for meat,

milk and draft power. milk and draft power.

RinderpestRinderpest+ve+ve

Sample Sample Age/monthAge/month No. of SamplesNo. of Samples No. of villagesNo. of villages TotalTotal BuffaloesBuffaloes CattleCattle GovernorateGovernorate

88//540540 1212--2424 540540 3636 188037188037 28022802 185235185235 SulaimaniyahSulaimaniyah

11//510510 1212--2424 510510 3434 175256175256 96949694 165562165562 NenivaNeniva

11//510510 1212--2424 510510 3434 174509174509 1375913759 160750160750 BābilBābil

33//330330 1212--2424 330330 2222 113242113242 1402014020 9922299222 MissanMissan33//330330 330330 2222 113242113242 1402014020 9922299222 MissanMissan

11//300300 1212--2424 300300 2020 102015102015 3666436664 6531565315 BaghdadBaghdad

11//255255 1212--2424 255255 1717 8500085000 -- 8500085000 ErbilErbil

1212 242433//255255 1212--2424 255255 1717 8907189071 67686768 8230382303 DayalaDayala

00//240240 1212--2424 240240 1616 8373583735 1146711467 7226872268 NasriyahNasriyah

22//240240 1212--2424 240240 1616 8146781467 83768376 7309173091 DiwanyaDiwanya

00//240240 1212--2424 240240 1616 7938479384 26942694 7669076690 Wāsit Wāsit

11//210210 1212--2424 210210 1414 7002070020 103103 6991769917 Salah AldenSalah Alden

11//150150 1212--2424 150150 1010 5061750617 5061750617 D h kD h k11//150150 1212--2424 150150 1010 5061750617 -- 5061750617 DohukDohuk

00//150150 1212--2424 150150 1010 4947249472 301301 4917149171 KirkukKirkuk

00//135135 1212--2424 135135 99 4444644446 1292312923 3152331523 KarbalaKarbala

55//120120 1212--2424 120120 88 4010940109 438438 3967139671 AnbarAnbar

00//105105 1212--2424 105105 77 3785437854 1780117801 2005320053 BasrahBasrah

33//105105 1212--2424 105105 77 3641436414 23912391 3402334023 MuthannāMuthannā33//105105 105105 77 3641436414 23912391 3402334023 MuthannāMuthannā

00//105105 1212--3434 105105 77 3322133221 83768376 2484524845 NajafNajaf

45004500 300300 15338331533833 148577148577 13852561385256 TotalTotal

FootFoot--andand--Mouth Disease Mouth Disease FMD is a major FMD is a major constraint to constraint to constraint to constraint to international international 

trade in livestock trade in livestock trade in livestock trade in livestock and livestock and livestock 

productsproductsproductsproducts

All clovenAll cloven--hoofed domestic animals can behoofed domestic animals can beAll clovenAll cloven hoofed domestic animals can be hoofed domestic animals can be infectedinfected

Cattle Buffalo Sheep Goats and SwineCattle Buffalo Sheep Goats and SwineCattle ,Buffalo . Sheep . Goats and SwineCattle ,Buffalo . Sheep . Goats and Swine

FMDFMD%+ve%+ve

Sample Sample Age / Age / monthmonth No. of SamplesNo. of Samples No. of villagesNo. of villages TotalTotal BuffaloesBuffaloes CattleCattle GovernorateGovernorate

9595 1212--2424 540540 3636 188037188037 28022802 185235185235 SulaimaniyahSulaimaniyah1212 24241212..88 1212--2424 510510 3434 175256175256 96949694 165562165562 NenivaNeniva

1313..77 1212--2424 510510 3434 174509174509 1375913759 160750160750 BābilBābil

2020..33 1212--2424 330330 2222 113242113242 1402014020 9922299222 MissanMissan

2020 1212--2424 300300 2020 102015102015 3666436664 6531565315 BaghdadBaghdad

3535..11 1212--2424 255255 1717 8500085000 -- 8500085000 ErbilErbil

1212 9494 1212--2424 255255 1717 8907189071 67686768 8230382303 D lD l1212..9494 1212--2424 255255 1717 8907189071 67686768 8230382303 DayalaDayala

1717..55 1212--2424 240240 1616 8373583735 1146711467 7226872268 NasriyahNasriyah

1818..3333 1212--2424 240240 1616 8146781467 83768376 7309173091 DiwanyaDiwanya

1111..2525 1212--2424 240240 1616 7938479384 26942694 7669076690 Wāsit Wāsit

2323..33 1212--2424 210210 1414 7002070020 103103 6991769917 Salah AldenSalah Alden

2222 22 1212--2424 150150 1010 5061750617 -- 5061750617 DohukDohuk2222..22 150150 1010 5061750617 -- 5061750617 DohukDohuk

1616 1212--2424 150150 1010 4947249472 301301 4917149171 KirkukKirkuk

88..1414 1212--2424 135135 99 4444644446 1292312923 3152331523 KarbalaKarbala

2222..55 1212--2424 120120 88 4010940109 438438 3967139671 AnbarAnbar

5454..22 1212--2424 105105 77 3785437854 1780117801 2005320053 BasrahBasrah

44..77 1212--2424 105105 77 3641436414 23912391 3402334023 MuthannāMuthannā

66..66 1212--3434 105105 77 3322133221 83768376 2484524845 NajafNajaf

2323..0303 45004500 300300 15338331533833 148577148577 13852561385256 TotalTotal

Peste des Peste des PetitsPetits RuminantsRuminantsPPR PPR

PPR should be PPR should be 

Geographical distributions Geographical distributions 

PPR should be PPR should be considered in any considered in any acutely febrile  acutely febrile  acutely febrile, acutely febrile, 

highly contagious highly contagious di   i h  l di   i h  l disease with oral disease with oral erosions and GI erosions and GI 

signssigns

PPRPPR%+ve%+ve

No. of No. of SamplesSamples GovernorateGovernorate ##%+ve%+ve pp

20 70 Neniva 1

9 100 Bābil 2

49 43 Missan 31

49 43 Missan 3

14.5 82 Baghdad 4

10 108 Dayala 5 910

6 100 Nasriyah 6

4 100 Diwanya 7

22 92 Wāsit 8 2

4 5

811

12

5 78 Salah Alden 9

28 100 Kirkuk 10

13 148 Karbala 11

2

3

6

715

9 100 Anbar 12

4 100 Basrah 13

0 48 Muthannā 14

1314

0 48 Muthannā 14

16 100 Najaf 15

1313..99 13691369 Total

Biosafety and Biosecurity in TADs laboratory :Biosafety and Biosecurity in TADs laboratory :

G d l b tiG d l b tiGood lab practices. Good lab practices. Specialized equipment.Specialized equipment.TrainingTrainingTraining.Training.Primary barriers (safety equipment)Biosafety cabinets Primary barriers (safety equipment)Biosafety cabinets

(BSCs).(BSCs).Lab equipment (pipetting devices, waste containers, safety Lab equipment (pipetting devices, waste containers, safety

centrifuge cups).centrifuge cups).P l t ti i tP l t ti i tPersonal protective equipment.Personal protective equipment.Secondary barriers . Building & room construction.Secondary barriers . Building & room construction.Directional airflow, filtration.Directional airflow, filtration.Directional airflow, filtration.Directional airflow, filtration.

The TADs laboratory will be supply with Negative Pressure Air purification The TADs laboratory will be supply with Negative Pressure Air purification Airflow CFM Airflow CFM 20002000--16001600--1200 1200 . Dual intake on opposing side . Prefilter size (. Dual intake on opposing side . Prefilter size (22) ) 25 25 X X 2525. .

Carbon cellCarbon cell 4040--Lb (Refillable) . HEPALb (Refillable) . HEPA 9999..9797 % .Efficiency to% .Efficiency to 00..33 MicronMicron 2424XX2424XX1212 . UVGI. UVGICarbon cell Carbon cell 4040 Lb (Refillable) . HEPA Lb (Refillable) . HEPA 9999..97 97 % .Efficiency to % .Efficiency to 00..3 3 Micron Micron 2424XX2424XX12 12 . UVGI . UVGI –– Germicidal UVGermicidal UV--C Type C Type

Double Door EnteringDouble Door EnteringDouble Door Entering Double Door Entering

Virus Isolation UnitVirus Isolation UnitVirus Isolation UnitVirus Isolation Unit

PCR UnitPCR Unit

Serological UnitSerological Unit

Serological UnitSerological Unit

Serological UnitSerological Unit

Information UnitInformation Unit

Other Activity Related with Other Activity Related with TADs LaboratoryTADs LaboratoryTADs Laboratory TADs Laboratory

MOA / FAO ProjectMOA / FAO Project

StrengtheningStrengthening the Capacity of the Iraqithe Capacity of the IraqiStrengthening Strengthening the Capacity of the Iraqi the Capacity of the Iraqi Veterinary Services for Control of Veterinary Services for Control of

Zoonotic and Transboundary Animal Zoonotic and Transboundary Animal DiseasesDiseasesDiseases Diseases

The project aimsThe project aims

To strengthen the technical and institutional capacity f h i i i f ff iof the Iraqi veterinary services for effective surveillance and control of zoonotic and b d di i d li ktransboundary diseases in order to protect livestock 

from losses and reduce serious threats to human h l h d f ill i i bli hihealth and safety. It will assist in establishing a 

modern Iraqi Veterinary Service functioning in line i h h OIE id li d d d f i lwith the OIE guidelines and standards for animal 

disease control and safe trade of animals and animal dproducts.

The project will contribute to improving animal health services nationwide through capacity building and supportservices nationwide through capacity building and support 

to infrastructure development.The project will specifically address critical The project will specifically address critical 

technical and institutional aspects of animal health services including veterinary capacity services including veterinary capacity 

development, disease surveillance and laboratory capacity  emergency preparedness planning  border capacity, emergency preparedness planning, border control and inspection capacity, development of disease control strategies and support to effective disease control strategies and support to effective surveillance and control programs for priority zoonotic and transboundary animal diseaseszoonotic and transboundary animal diseases.

Prioritization of animal diseasesPrioritization of animal diseasesPrioritization of animal diseasesPrioritization of animal diseases