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8/14/2019 Khaled Qdaeh
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JORDANIAN - GERMAN
WINTER ACADEMY
2006
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Typical Study Of Two-phase
Flow IndustrialApplications
Pressure Drop and FlowRegimes.
Dr. . Al-Shanna!
"ng. #h. Al-$udah
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Basic Definition of Two-Phase Flow
•A phase is simply one of the state of matterand can be either a gas , a liquid or a solid.
•ultiphase flow is a simultaneous flow of se!eral
phases . Two-phase flow is the simplest case of
multiphase flow .
•"as-liquid mi#tures are referred to as two-phasetwo-component flow where as liquid -!apor
mi#ture referred to as two-phase single-
component mi#ture.
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•common e#amples of two-phase flows, some
such as rain, clouds , smo$e ,fog ,snow ,dust
storms are occur in nature . %thers such as
boiling water, coo$ing are frequent occurrences
and se!eral e!ery day processes in!ol!e a
sequence of different two-phase flowconfiguration or flow patterns .
•Two-phase flow in!ol!ing a mi#ture of gas or
!apor and liquid is !ery common in !arious
industrial and scientific applications, and there
ha!e been many e#perimental and theoretical
studies
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Two-phase Flow ApplicationsThe practical importance in many common
engineering and industrial applications are:
&team generators and condensers, steam
turbines ' Power Plants (.
)efrigeration .
*oal fired furnaces .
Fluidi+ed bed reactors .
iquid sprays .
&eparation of contaminants from a carrier fluid
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Free surface flows, where sharp interfaces e#ist .
pumping of slurries .
pumping of flashing liquids .
raining bed driers .
oil industry two phase flow occurs in pipelinescarrying oil and natural gas.
energy con!ersion .
paper manufacturing .
food manufacturing .
medical a lications .
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•-The laws go!erning two phase flow are
identical to those for single phase flow.
owe!er, the equations are more comple#andor more numerous than those of single
phase flow.
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•The description of the two-phase flow iscomplicated due to the existence of
interface between the phases dependingon a large number of variables such as :
quality '#(.
phase physical properties .
flow patterns .
pipe geometry .
orientation of flow .
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A general classifications di!ide two-phase flow into
four groups depending on the mi#tures of phases in
the flow. The four groups are the flow of gas-
liquid, gas-solid, liquid-solid and immiscible liquid-
liquid mi#tures. The last case is technically not a
two-phase mi#ture, it is rather a single phase two-
component flow, but for all practical purposes itcan be considered as a two-phase mi#ture.
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Two-Phase Flow )egimes
The description of two-phase flow in tubes iscomplicated by the e#istence of an interface
between the two-phases. For gas /liquid two-
phase flow the interface e#ists in a wide !ariety of
forms, depending on the flow rates and physical
properties of the phases, and also on the
geometry and orientation of the tube.
The different interfacial structures are called
flow patterns or flow regimes.
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There are !arious flow patterns common in two-phase flow system, each ha!ing different
characteristics and associated pressure drops. A
number of different methods ha!e been proposedfor the recognition of flow patterns, ranging from
!isual obser!ation to characteristic fluctuation in
hold up.
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Flow )egimes 0n ori+ontal Flow
1. Bubble flow .
2. Plug flow .
3. &tratified flow 'layered, separated( .
4. 5a!y flow 'ripple flow, cresting( .
6. &lug flow .
7. &emi-annular flow .
8. Annular flow 'ringed( .
9. &pray flow 'mist, froth, dispersed( .
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:ertical flow )egimes
1. Annular flow.
2. Bubble flow.
3. &lug flow.
4. *hurn flow.
6. )ipple Flow.
7. ist Flow .
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Slug Bubble Separate A!!ular
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Two Phase Flow )egimes apping
apping of flow patterns that occur in pipe flow
has always been a popular means of describing thebeha!iors of flow at different conditions. The
superficial !elocity of the gas and liquid are usually
put on the two different a#es, and supply anefficient method of comparing and contrasting the
effects of different flow conditions.
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D"#per#e Bubble
Ma!$a!" et al Map%&'()(
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Analysis of two-phase flows*+, + ,e a!al.e t,+-p$a#e /l+,#
T$e 1a"! a!al#"# te$!"3ue# "4"e "!t+ t$e/+ll+,"!g ateg+r"e#5
A-S"1ple C+rrelat"+!#
• ba#e +! eper"1e!t 5
•+/te! 3u+te "! "1e!#"+!le## /+r15
•1a +r 1a !+t $a4e #"e!t"/"7p$#"al ba#"#5
•+/te! re#tr"te "! area +/ appl"at"+! 5
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B-&imple Analytical odels .
Due t+ t$e large !u1ber +/ appl"at"+!# ,$ere
1ult"p$a#e /l+, +ur#8 "t "# "1p+rta!t t+ $a4eaurate 1+el#5
1-omogeneous model 5
Su"table a4erage pr+pert"e# are eter1"!e a! t$e1"ture "# treate a# a #"!gle /lu" "! t$e
•ta9e a4erage +/ pr+pert"e# /+r b+t$ p$a#e# 5
•u#e8 e5g58 /+r #u#pe!#"+!8 /+a18 1"#t8 "#per#e
bubble5
•!+ eta"l +/ t$e /l+, +!#"ere 5
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/r"2t1+12#tat"t+tal
P P P P ∆+∆+∆=∆
θ ρ #"!*#tat" g P H =∆
α ρ α ρ ρ G L H +−= :&%
( )
−+
=
L
G
L
G
x
x
u
u
ρ
ρ α
&&
&
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dz
md
dz
dP H total
mom
55
:7% ρ =
tp
total p
d
m L f P
ρ "
25
2
/r"t
2=∆
2;502
Re
0('50= p f
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LG p x x µ µ µ :&%2 −+=
p
total im2
5
Re µ
=
2 & t d fl d l
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2-&eparated flow model 5
•a##u1e p$a#e# /l+, #"e b #"e 5
•u#e #eparate e3uat"+!# /+r ea$ p$a#e 5
•+!#"er "!terat"+! bet,ee! t$e p$a#e# 5
3-Drift flu# model .
•focuses on relati!e motion between phases .
*-0ntegral Analysis .
•a##u1e 4el+"t8 te1perature +r +!e!trat"+! pr+/"le
•/"t t+ b+u!ar +!"t"+!# a! appl "!tegrate /lu"
1e$a!"al e3uat"+!#
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/r"t1+1#tat"t+tal P P P P ∆+∆+∆=∆
θ ρ #"!*2#tat" g P H =∆
( ) ( )
+
−
−−
+
−
−=∆
inG Lout G L
total
x x x xm P
α ρ α ρ α ρ α ρ
222225
1+1t:&%
&
:&%
&
[ ]
&
5
;5025
2;50:%:&%&<5&&::&%&250&%
−
−−+
−+−+=
L
G L
LGG
m
g x x x x
x
ρ
ρ ρ σ
ρ ρ ρ α
D Diff i l A l i
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D-Differential Analysis.
•use of time-a!eraged equations of motion .
;-<ni!ersal Phenomena .
•certain phenomena apply regardless of the
regime, e.g. wa!e theory
T*E N=MERICA> MODE>S
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T*E N=MERICA> MODE>S
•T$e !u1er"al #"1ulat"+! +/ "!u#tr"al /l+,# "# a!
"!rea#"!gl "1p+rta!t 1ea!# t+ #+l4e a large 4ar"et+/ /lu" /l+, pr+ble1# #u$ a# "!ter!al /l+,#8 eter!al
aer+!a1"#8 #pra ++l"!g8 /"l1 +at"!g8
e!4"r+!1e!tal a! b"+l+g"al /l+,#8 a! p+,er
ge!erat"+!5 Se4eral ge!eral-purp+#e +e# a! a large
!u1ber +/ #pe"/" ?@I +e# are !+, a4a"lable5
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•I! +!tra#t t+ t$e #ta!ar +!e-"1e!#"+!al
lu1pe para1eter #"1ulat"+! a! 1+el"!g +/
t,+-p$a#e /l+,#8 t$e 1+re ge!eral 1et$+# +/+1putat"+!al /lu" !a1"# %CD: are ba#e +!
t$e +!#er4at"+! e3uat"+!# +/ 1a##8 1+1e!tu1
a! e!erg "! t$e t$ree #pat"al "1e!#"+!# +/ a/l+, /"el5 CD-1et$+# are !+, e#tabl"#$e a#
e!g"!eer"!g t++l# /+r reat+r #a/et a!al#"#5
•+ur ba#" appr+a$e# a! be appl"e "! t$e CD1+ell"!g +/ 1ult"p$a#e /l+,#5 T$e#e are t$e
porous medium, t$e agrangian8 t$e ;ulerian
and the interface models.
lti h d l i F<;=T
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ultiphase models in F<;=T
•D"#rete $a#e M+el %DM:5
•M"ture M+el 5
•?+lu1e +/ lu" M+el %?O: 5
•Euler"a! Mult"p$a#e l+, M+el 5
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Ca#e StuModeling and Experimental investigation ofTwo-phase flow contraction coefficient and
pressure drop at the branching pipes .
PhD Proposal
Supervised By:
r . ! . Salaymeh.
r . B. Shanna" .
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1
3
2
Ac-12
Ac-13
&tream ines
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r+ble1W$e! t$e /ull e4el+pe8 t,+-p$a#e /l+, pa##e#
t$r+ug$ a! "!let +/ t$e bra!$"!g u!t"+!8 t$e /l+,#eparate# /r+1 t$e ,all at t$e e/let"!g leg#
%bra!$e#: a! rea$e# !arr+,e#t r+## #et"+! t$at
alle +!trat"+! reg"+!5 T$e#e #eparat"+!# a!+!trat"+! reg"+!# au#e $"g$ pre##ure l+##e# a!
t$ere/+re a $"g$-e!erg "##"pat"+!5 T$e re#"#ta!e t+
/l+, +//ere b T-u!t"+! "# larger t$a! t$at "1pl"e
b t$e e3uat"+!# /+r t$e #"!gle p$a#e /l+,5
C+!#e3ue!tl8 t$e la,# +/ /r"t"+! "! T-u!t"+! are +/
great prat"al "1p+rta!e8 a! eper"1e!tal ,+r9 +!
t$e1 "# 4er !ee##ar5
D e to the lac$ of readil a ailable standard
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-Due to the lac$ of readily a!ailable standard
design methods to calculate pressure drop and
mass flow rate in two-phase flow applications,
design methodologies ha!e been routinely based on
pre!ious e#periences. Depending on the strength of
the interaction between phases, different modeling
approaches ha!e been proposed for two-phaseflows but !ery little of these conducted the two-
phase flow contraction .
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&o the present study will also e#pand our
$nowledge of the state-of-the art of
contraction coefficient and pressure drop oftwo-phase flow in pipe branching.
Obet" e
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Obet"4e
T$e +4erall +bet"4e +/ t$e pre#e!t #tu "# t+ /+u#
#+1e #$e# +! t$e 1+el"!g a! "!4e#t"gat"+!# +/ t$econtraction coefficient and predict the two-phase
flow pressure drop and mass flow rate at t$e
bra!$"!g u!t"+! "! +rer t+ pr+ue a !e, rel"able
+1putat"+!al relat"+! /+r t$e +!trat"+! +e//""e!t
a! t+ e4el+p a! e1p"r"al 1+el /+r pre##ure r+p
T$e rele4a!e +/ t,+-p$a#e /l+, pr+ble1# "!
"!u#tr"al appl"at"+!# $a4e 1+t"4ate t+ t$"#"!4e#t"gat"+! 5 Ne, /+r1ula 1a be pr+ue relate
t$e pre##ure r+p 8 1a## /l+, rate# a! +!trat"+!
+e//""e!t relat"+!#5
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ethod of Analysis
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T$e +!trat"+! +e//""e!t #$+ul beM+ele ,"t$ t$e $elp +/ t$e /+ll+,"!g
la,#5C+!#er4at"+! la, +/ 1a## 5
•+!#er4at"+! la, +/ 1+1e!tu15
•+!#er4at"+! la, +/ e!erg5
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1
3
2
Ac-12
Ac-13
&tream ines
1-The general principle of conser!ation of mass
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1 The general principle of conser!ation of mass
that the mass within the system remains constant
with time >
050=+∂∂ ∫ ∫
cscv
VdAdvt
ρ ρ
050=∂
∂
t
( ) ( ) ( )[ ] 050:2%
2FFF22222&&& ==+−⇒ ph
ph ph phdt
dmV AV AV A ρ ρ ρ
( ) ( ) ph ph ph
V AV AV A2FFF22222&&& ρ ρ ρ +=⇒
/+r #tea #tate /l+,
5here , , represent a!erage !elocities
o!er the cross sections.&V 2V FV
2-;nergy *onser!ation
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2-;nergy *onser!ation
&2* E-EW-G =
dAeV edvt dt
dE
cscv
∫ ∫ +∂∂
= ρ ρ
dAeV edvt dt
dw
dt
dQ
cscv
∫ ∫ +∂∂=− ρ ρ
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%2p$:
2
&
&&&
&
"! 2
++++−
V
gz u
P
dmdwsdq ρ
%2p$:
2
F
FFF
F
2
2
222
2
+ut 22
++++
+++−
V
gzu
P V
gzu
P
dm ρ ρ
#-#te1
2
2
++= V gz umd
:HHHHHHHH)%
3-*onser!ation of momentum
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3 *onser!ation of momentum
∫ ∫ ∑ +∂
==cscv
dAVV Vdvdt dt
5%14:
A ρ ρ
#ur/ae b+ F F dt
dV
+= ρ
( )
== ∫ ∑
sysdt
d m
dt
d F ?1?
( ) ( )?md Fdt =
∑ ∫ = sys
dmm
tA51 ∆= nV ρ
∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ =
∆∆
+
=
→∆ csout csout cst sys
dAV V t t dAV V dAV V Vdm
dt d :5%:5%:5%
550l"1 ρ ρ ρ
( ) ∫ ∫ ∑ =
==⇒
cs sys
dAV V dt
d m
dt
d F :5%?1? ρ
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( )
∫ ∫ ∑ =
==⇒
cs sys
dAV V
dt
d m
dt
d F :5%?1? ρ
:2%
2
&&& :#"!%0 phV A Fy θ ρ ∑ ==
:2%
2
222 :%0 phV A Fx ρ ∑ ==
:2%
2
&&&:2%
2
FFF :+#%:% ph ph V AV A θ ρ ρ −−
defined the contraction coefficient as>
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defined the contraction coefficient as>
2
2:2&%
A
Acc =
−
F
F
:F&% A
Acc
=−
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T$e +!trat"+! +e//""e!t C a! be repre#e!te a#
ph AV p f c 2:8888% θ ρ =
All t$e#e pr"1ar "!/lue!"!g para1eter# #$+ul be
ta9e! "!t+ +!#"erat"+! /+r t$e e4el+p1e!t +/ a!e,
pre##ure l+## /+r1ula5
*omparison will be made between model and
e#perimental data .
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&tream
lines
?
&8A&
28A2
A&2
A&F