Khalangama Hamala

8/10/2019 Khalangama Hamala

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ljifo ;"rL

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!= af, xfdL slt ul/a <@= d]/f] Kof/f] h'Dnf#= qf;df lhGbuL$= k'gh{Gd%= klxnf] lbg^= bf];|f] lbg&= t];|f] lbg*= kfFrf} + lbgdf 3/(= km]l/ h'Dnf

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;'? ;'? ;'? ;'? ;'?

h'Dnfdf ‰f8fkvfnf km}lng' eg]sf] sf7df8f} +df?3fvf]sL nfu]h:t} xf] .

o;kfln crDd} eof] .

kmfu'g nfUg kfPsf] 5}g, h'Dnf c:ktfndfla/fdL a9\g yfn] . klxn] j}zfv÷h]7lt/ dfqo:tf] x'GYof] . gofF cGg -ux' F, hf}_ vfP/ .

a]df};dL ‰f8fkvfnfn] h'DnLx¿nfO{ lrlGttagfof] . ;fob klxnf]rf]l6 . lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf

;d]t a}7s / 5nkmn rNof] . Tof] klg ;fobklxn}rf]l6 .

tLg dlxgfcl3 @)%( sflQs @* ut] h'Dnf;b/d'sfd vn+ufdf dfcf]jfbLn] eLif0f cfqmd0fu/]sf] lyof] . ToxL eP/ w]/}h;f] sfof{no k|d'v



gofF lyP . dfcf]jfbL laulauL / tfhf cfqmd0fn]x'g;S5, ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx¿ ;+j]bgzLn /hgpQ/bfoL b]lvGy] . x/]s dlxgf # ut] ;a}sd{rf/L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g'kYof] { .dlxgfe/sf sfd / of]hgf atfpg'kYof] { . s]xLeljtJo k/] k|zf;g sfof{non] pbL{ hf/L uYof] { ./, tfQft} lg0f{o ;'gfOxfNYof] . 6]lnkmf]g 6fj/Wj:t ePsfn] va/ Nofpg–nUg lr7Lsf] e/ lyof] .jf, dg a'‰]sfnfO{ x'nfsL agfP/ bf}8fpg'kYof] { .

kmfu'g # sf] lgoldt a}7sdf ‰f8fkvfnfn] c¿Ph]G8f pl5Gof] .

sf/0f vf]tlnP . z+sf÷pkz+sf hlGdP . hGdfOP .Pp6f s'/fdf :yfgLo afl;Gbf, sd{rf/L / sfof{nok|d'vx¿sf] dt ldNof] .

sflQs @* sf] cfqmd0fdf dfl/Psfx¿sf] zjltnf gbLdf kmflnPsf] 5 eGg] ;'lgGYof] . 3fdrs{ +b} uPsfn] zj s'lxg yfn] xf]nfg\ . ufpFn]x¿



oxL gbLsf] kfgL vfG5g\ . j}zfv gnfUb} ufpFel/kvfnf rNg'sf] sf/0f kfgL k|b"if0f g} x'g;S5 .

…To;f] xf] eg] t ;d:of uDeL/ eof],Ú s'/f

p7\of], …ca s] ug] { t <ÚlhNnf k|zf;gn] tfQft} lg0f{o lnOxfNof]– ;a}

sfof{no k|d'vsf] cu'jfOdf gbL lg/LIf0f ug{ hfg]/ zj ;kmfO ug] { .

kmfu'g @$ ut] .kmfu'g @$ ut] .kmfu'g @$ ut] .kmfu'g @$ ut] .kmfu'g @$ ut] .

of] lbg cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj; k5{ . lhNnfk|zf;gn] zj ;kmfOsf] lglDt oxL lbg tf]s]sf]lyof] .

h'Dnfdf Psfw ljsf;] ;+:yfafx]s dlxnf lbj;dgfpg] lhDdf dlxnf ljsf; zfvfsf] dfq} xf] .To; lbg xfdLn] s]xL g s]xL sfo{qmd ug} {k5{ .

d}n] a}7sdf s'/f] p7fPF .



…l;l8cf] ;fa, kmfu'g @$ ut] t cGt/f{li6«odlxnf lbj; k5{ .Ú

…clg s] ef] t <Ú k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L s[i0fZofd

a'9fyf]sLn] ;f]Wg'eof] .…xfdL ;a} dlxnf ljsf; sfof{no hfg'k5{,Ú d}n]

eg] F, …dlxnf ljsf; clws[t nfdf] ;dob]lv 5'§Ldfx'g'x'G5 . sfo{qmddf guO{ x'Gg . gbL lg/LIf0fsf]sfd c¿ lbg tf]Sg kfP x'g] .Ú

…To;f] eP tkfO{ + gcfpg';\ g t,Ú pxfFn] eGg'eof],…tkfO{ +nfO{ 5'6 5 .Ú

d]/f] dg r;Ss eof], 5'6sf] s'/f ;'g]/ .

…dnfO{ hfg dg 5 ;/ . Tof] Ps lbgdfq xf]gEofpg] . c¿ h'g lbg eP lg x'G5 .Ú

…x}g, x}g /fwfhL,Ú pxfFn] dfGb} dfGg'ePg, …xfdLTo;} lbg u5f} { + . zlgaf/ klg 5, km';{tn] ug{kfOG5 .Ú





dnfO{ yfxf lyof] . sfo/df ulgg] 8/n] s]xL af]Ngklg ;Sg'ePg . dnfO{ eg] h;/L klg guO{ ePsf]lyPg . cfkm"nfO{ k'?ifeGbf cfFl6nf] b]vfpg] nfn;fn]

kSs} xf]Og . :jf:YosdL{ ePsLn] lhNnfs} :jf:Yo;Fuhf]l8Psf] olt dxŒjk"0f{ sfddf ;fd]n x'g' d]/f] wd{xf] . To;dfly gbLdf oqtq zj ldlNsPsf] 36gfnfO{ufpFn]x¿ /x:odo syfh:tf] ;'gfO/x]sf lyP . dTof] syf plwGg rfxGy] F .

t/, dlxnf lbj;sf ;f/f tof/L cnkq 5f8]/s;/L km'Q lxF8\g] < d}n] o;nfO{ cfˆgf] g}ltslhDd]jf/Lsf ¿kdf lnPsL lyPF .

d]/f] dg ef/L eP/ cfof] .hfpmF eg], cfˆgf] cg'kl:yltdf dlxnf lbj;sf]

sfo{qmd} lkmtnf] eOb]nf eGg] 8/ lyof] . ef]lnaf6f] lxF8\bf k'?if ;fyLx¿n] lvNnL p8fP s]ug] { < ghfpmF, lhNnfs} Toqf] ;+s6df]rg 38Ldfs;/L PlSnP/ a:g' <



d bf]wf/df k/] F .

l;ldQ dlxnf ljsf; zfvf clws[t pdfsfsL{;Fu cfˆgf] b'lawf afF8] F . lgldQ k|d'v klg

gx' Fbf h;nfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbOG5, p;nfO{ l;ldQelgG5 .

…tkfO{ + 9'Ss x'g';\,Ú pxfFn] cf8e/ lbFb} eGg'eof],…oxfF xfdL 5Fb} 5f} + lg .Ú

d}n] pxfFnfO{ sfo{qmd s;/L rnfpg] / s]–s]ug] { n]v]/ a'‰fPF . eg] F, …tkfO{ +x¿ sfd ;'? ub} {ug' {;\, d hlt;Sbf] rfF8f] kms{G5' .Ú

cgfjZos …5'6Ú lng' gk/]sf]df d]/f] dg xNsf

eof] .

To; lbg laxfg} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf e]nfeof} + . lhNnfsf ;a} sfof{no k|d'v x'g'x'GYof] .

Po/kf]6{ x' Fb} bfª;fF3' k'u]kl5 gbL jfl/ a:g] /



kfl/ hfg] b'O{ ;d"x agfOof] . b'j} ;d"xn] gbLlg/LIf0f ub} { hfg] / sxLFst} dfG5]sf] zj jf cGod/]sf hgfj/ e]l6P ulx/f] vfN8f] vg]/ k'g] { ;xdltePsf] lyof] .

dlxnf lbj;sf] lglDt l56f] kms{g'kg] { x' Fbf djfl/ g} a;] F .

kmfu'g ;lsg nfu]sf] eP klg ltnf gbLsf]kfgL lr;f] lyof] . ;tx eg] dHhfn] 36]5 . xfdLgbL lsgf/sf 7'N7"nf 9' +ufdf 6]Sb}, km8\lsFb} ;lhn}lxFl8/x]sf lyof} + . To;} 3'Dg uPsf eP lgZroklg ToxfFsf] b[Zon] nf]Eofpg] lyof] . xfd|f] sfd

eg] o:tf] lyof], ;d"xsf w]/} ;fyL lxF8\b} glxF8LnNofsn'n's un]sf b]lvGy] . sf]xL 8/n] ys{dfgeP/ ;':t/L kfOnf rfln/x]sf lyP . d cfkm" eg]Ps/lQ 8/fPsL lyOgF . a? ;d"xdf ;aeGbfcufl8 lxFl8/x]sL lyPF .

k'/fgf 36gf ;D‰]/ efj's klg ePF .



d]/f kfOnf hlt cl3 a9\y], rf/ dlxgfcl3sfeofjx If0f d]/f] cfFvfcufl8 6kSs 6fFl:;g cfOk'Uy] .o:tf] nflu/x]sf] lyof], d km]l/ ToxL 38L afFlr/x]sL

5' . d]/f] sfgdf gbL ;' ';fO/x]sf] lyPg, e6666aGb's k8\ls/x]sf] lyof] . r/fsf] lr/la/ ;'lgg5f8\of], d rf/}lt/af6 dfG5]sf] cft{gfb ;'lg/x]sLlyPF .

kfFr ldg]6 glxF8\b} y'k| } vfN8fv'N8L b]Vof} + .dfG5]n] vg]sf 7'N7"nf vfN8f . s]xL vfN8f] jl/kl/xftv'§fsf nfdfnfdf xf8 b]lvP . slt 7fpFdfsf7bfp/f klg xf8vf]/h:t} nfu] xfdLnfO{ . slt

xf8 ;n{Ss lyP eg] slt dlSsP/ sfnf] eO;s]sflyP . s's'/n] vf]tn]/ 5/lNnPsf klg y'k| } b]lvGy] .xfjfx'/L cfpFbf dlSsPsf ?vsf xfFuf e'OFel/5/lNnPsf] lrtjgsf] h+undf b]v]sL lyPF . oxfFTo:t} lyof] . dfcf]jfbL n8fs'n] cfˆgf ;fyLsf] zj;}lgsn] ge]6f];\ eg]/ gbL 5]p5fp uf8]sf 5g\



eGg] ;'g]sL lyPF . xf] /x]5 . tL vfN8f d]/} cufl8lyP . d cfˆg} xftn] tL vfN8f vf]tNb} lyPF .df6f] kG5fpFb} lyPF .

…P x]g' {;\ t x]g' {;\, oxfF t ;Un} nf; /x]5,ÚPshgf ;fyL lrRofpg'eof] .

xfdL u'/{ glhs uof} + . s]xL ;fyL …l3g nfU5ÚeGb} k/} a;] . d]/f] xftdf ;fgf] nf}/f] lyof] . ToxLnf}/f]n] rnfPF . s]6f dfG5]sf] zj /x]5 . @%jif{eGbf sd} pd]/sf] xf]nf . lgnf] 6«Øfs;'6 nufPsf] .v'§fdf sk8fsf] v}/f] h'Qf h:tfsf] t:t} . /QmcNktfsf]la/fdLh:tf] Hofg km';|f] eO;s]5 . cfFvf lrlDnPsf]

lyof] . kftnf] 5fnf xf8d} 6fFl:;Psf] . 5ftL /6fpsf]df ;fgf]–;fgf] Kjfn b]v] F . uf]nL nfu]sf]xf]nf . lqz'nL gbLdf a; v;]/ dfG5] dbf{ df5fn]xftsf cf} +nf vfPsf lyP eGg] ;'g]sL lyPF . oxfFt To:tf] klg b]lvgF . vfln ;f; km]/]sf] lyPg,geP ev{/} p7]/ lxF8\nfh:tf] .



vNnf] dg lnP/ b'O{rf/ kfOnf a9]sLdfq lyPF,Tof]eGbf eofgs b[Zo b]lvof] . dfgjz/L/sf6'qmf6fqmL e'OFel/ 5l/Psf . prfOaf6 v;]sf] df6f]sf]

k'tnL e'OFdf ahfl/Pkl5 h;/L 5/k:6 x'G5,7\ofSs} To:t} . s'g c+u z/L/sf] s'g efuaf6pl5l§Psf] xf] v'§ofpg} g;lsg] .

c¿n] lsnlsn dfg]/ x]g} { ;ls/x]sf lyPgg\ .;'tL{ y's]h:tf] lkRrlkRr y'ls/x]sf lyP . dnfO{eg] To:tf] s]xL nfu]g . ck/];g sIfdf …Pg]:y]l6scl;:6]G6Ú eP/ sfd ubf{ of]eGbf 8/nfUbf] /l3gnfUbf] If0f;Fu u'lh|;s]sL 5' . nfdf]nfdf] ck/];g

x' Fbf leq} lrof lkpFb} sfd ug] { d]/f] afgL lyof] .;fyLx¿ 5Ss ky] { . ;fob ToxL afgLn] dnfO{ tLIftljIft zj b]v]/ l3g xf]Og, bof nflu/x]sf]lyof] . d ;+j]bgzLn x' Fb} uO/x]sL lyPF . s?0ffleq}af6 5rlNs/x]h:tf] .

gbL lg/LIf0f ub} { s[lif ljsf; sfof{no;Dd



cfOk'Ubf ;f9] !@ alh;s]5 . ;Fu} uPsf s]xL;xof]uL ;fyL ulx/f] vfN8f] vg]/ e]l6Psf zj /dfgjc+u tx nfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] . dnfO{ eg] dlxnf

lbj;sf] sfo{qmddf hfg lalt;s]sf] lyof] . zj;kmfOsf] sfd aLr}df 5f8]/ d lhNnf ljsf;kl/;/lt/ nfu] F .

a]n'sL ;fyLx¿n] ;'gfPcg';f/ rf/j6f ;nSsk/]sf ;Unf zj e]l6P5g\ .

s;sf] 5f]/f xf] < s;sf] nf]Ug] xf] < s;sf] afa'xf] < s]xL yfxf 5}g . rf/ dlxgfb]lv ltnf gbLdfTolQs} nl8/Xof] . xfGg]n] t 8\of+u uf]nL xflGbof],

st{Jo u/] F eG7fGof], ;lSsxfNof] . ;Fu} cfPsfn]klg arfpg] k|of;wl/ u/]g . Hofg slt ;:tf]ePsf] < k|f0f c8\lsPsf] 5 ls 5}g klg x]/]g xf]nfs;}n] . af?bn] ;lNsPsf] ;fyLnfO{ RofKk ;dfTof],gbLdf ldNsfof], af6f] nfUof] . t'?Gt} ;f; uPsf]eP t l7s} lyof] . geP of] cGsG6f/df slt lbg,





Ps Ps Ps Ps Ps

af, xfdL slt ul/a <af, xfdL slt ul/a <af, xfdL slt ul/a <af, xfdL slt ul/a <af, xfdL slt ul/a <

xfdL ul/a 5f} + eGg] t dnfO{ ;fg}df yfxflyof] . slt ul/a, To;sf] e]p lyPg .

d cS;/ afnfO{ ;f]Wg] uy] { +, …af, xfdL ul/a 5f} +x} <Ú

pxfF dnfO{ ;D‰fpg'x'GYof], …xfdLeGbf ul/a th'Dnfdf a:5g\ .Ú

cfDdfdfdf Û xfdLeGbf ul/a Ûd 5Ss ky] { + .

…af, ltgLx¿;Fu nfpg]vfg] klg 5}g <Ú

…k'Ubf] 5}g .Ú

d ‰g\ rlst vfGy] F .



…k9\g lg kfpFb}gg\ <Ú

…w]/}n] kfpFb}gg\ .Ú

…clg xfdLh:t} cFWof/}df a:g'k5{ xf] <Ú

af Psl5g r'Kk nfUg'x'GYof] . d pxfFnfO{ x]/]/6f]nfO/xGy] F, hjfkmsf] k|tLIff ub} { .

…xfdLeGbf lg cFWof/f]df a:5g\,Ú af eGg'x'GYof],…ltdLn] w]/} k9]/ h'Dnfsf ul/ax¿sf] ;]jf ug' {k5{x} .Ú

d km'?+u ky] { + .

;a} 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ cfˆgf af ;+;f/s} hfGg];'Gg]

dfG5] x'g\ eGg] nfU5 .dnfO{ klg To:t} nfUYof] .

pxfFsf] s'/f ug] { z}nL g} nf]enfUbf] lyof] .gfgfjnL syf xfn]/ e'nfO/xg] . clGtddf ;Gbe{ldnfP/ 6\jfSs cfˆgf] s'/f eGg] . Psrf]l6 d}n]



lauf/] F eg] ;dfltxfNg'x'GYof] . t}klg pxfFsf] sfdb"w a]Rg]dfq xf] eGg] dnfO{ slxNo} nfu]g .

7\ofSs} yfxf geP klg d}n] afnfO{ pRr

cf]xf]bfd} /fv]sL lyPF .af vfgfsf] ;f]lvg x'g'x'GYof] . vfg klg, ksfpg

klg . pxfFsf] d'vdf dfq xf]Og, xftdf klg hfb'lyof] . d ;w} + dlxgfsf tL rf/ lbg s'/]/ a:y] F,ha cfdf klG5g'x'GYof] . Tolta]nf efG5fsf] ;f/flhDdf afs} x'GYof] . pxfF v'a rfv lbP/ksfpg'x'GYof] . d yfn rf6Lrf6L vfGy] F . clgcfdfnfO{ lv;L uy] { +, …tkfO{ + t ;w} + klG5g';\ cfdf,

eft t afn] ksfs} ld7f] .Úcfdf cfFvf tg' {x'GYof] .

cfdf la/fdL kbf{ eg] cfkt\ kYof] { . dgn]eGYof], cfdfnfO{ l56f] ;~rf] eOlbof];\ . lar/Lcfdf Û k]6n] rflxF dgsf] s'/f 6]g] { xf]Og . cfdfsf]



/f]u nlDaP, afsf] xftsf] ld7f] vfgf w]/} vfgkfOG5 eg]/ nf]leGYof] . d r]k'jfdf ky] { + .

kl5 yfxf kfPF, d]/f af t efG5] x'g'x' Fbf] /x]5 .

Pslbg s;n] ksfPsf] ld7f] eg]/ 3/df ax;rNbf cfdfs} d'vaf6 ;'g]sL .

dnfO{ To; lbg lgs} v';L nfUof] . ;fFRr} .

;/, ;'Aaf, v/bf/ t h;sf af klg 5g\ .s;}sf af efG5] x'G5g\ < d]/f s'g} ;fyLsf af efG5]5}gg\ . cfdf klG5Fbf efG5fsf ;f/f sfd pgLx¿cfkm} + u5{g\ . d}n] ug' {kb} {g .

o:tf] af t d}n] s;}sf] b]v]sL 5}g .

af efG5] x'g'sf] klg nfdf] syf /x]5 .

xfd|f] k'Vof} {nL 3/ ndh'ªsf] ;fOFnL6f/ xf] .cfdfsf] dfOtL klg ToxLF xf] . d]/f afnfO{ cfˆgfcfdfafsf] ;D‰gf;Dd 5}g . af ;fg} 5Fbf pxfFx¿laTg'eP5 . b'O{ jif{hlt km'k"n] dfOtL cfP/ afsf]



:ofxf/ ug' {eof] . 8]9 jif{ 3/–dfOtL ug' {eof] .To;kl5 af s]xL jif{ dfdf3/ a:g'eof], uf]/vfdf .dfdf3/df ;fx| } b'Mv kfpg'eP5 . k]6el/ vfg

gkfpg] . pN6} dfOh"x¿;Fu 3}of uf]8\g, d]nf eg{uO/xg'kg] { . dfOh"x¿n] t ‰g\ afn] hlQ klg vfgkfpg'x'Gy]g /] . afn] ds}, e6df;, rfdn rf]/]/nUg], clg dfOh"x¿;Fu a];Ldf uP/ ksfP/ vfg]ug' {x'GYof] /] .

Pslbg 3/ / b'lgofFaf6 lbSbf/ nfUof] /] . lsgnfUof], eGg'ePg . hlta]nf of] syf ;'g] F, b'lgofFaf6lbSbf/ nfUg'sf] cy{ g} d}n] a'l‰gF . To;}n], lglwvf]hL

ul/gF . h] xf];\, pxfF dfdf3/af6 efu]/ ‰fkfk'Ug'eP5 . clxn] a'´bf, To;a]nf vfg kfOPg,sfd klg w]/} ug' {k¥of] eg]/ efu]sf] x'g'k5{ . ;'?dfc~rnfwLz sfof{nodf ;xof]uLsf] sfd yfNg'eof]/] . klxNo}b]lv vfg] / ksfpg] ;f]v . ToxLF/xFbfa:bf efG5] x'g'eP5 .



kl5 pxfFn] lrtjgsf] e/tk'/–*, uf}/Lu~hdfa;fO ;'? ug' {eof] . v]tL–ls;fgLdf nfUg'eof] . b"wa]Rg yfNg'eof] .

/, ToxLF @)#) ;fndf d]/f] hGd eof] .

d]/f] afcfdf b'j}nfO{ cfjfh lgsfn]/ k9]dfqk9]h:tf] nfUYof] .

d To;}n] :jf:yfgL syf k9]h:tf] 7'N7"nf] :j/lgsfn]/ kf7 3f]Sy] F . af glhs} ;fgf] vf6dfklN6P/ d';'d';' xfF:b} ;'lg/xg'x'GYof] . cfdf e'OFdf6'qm'Ss a;]/ d}n] 3f]s]sf] x]l//xg'x'GYof] .

xfdL kfFr lbbLalxgL 5f} + . d sfOFnL . PshgfefO 5 . ;a} ;Fu} k9\Yof} + . k9fOsf] /fd|f] dfxf]nePsfn] a]n'sL vfgfkl5 ufpFsf bfh'lbbLx¿ xfd| }3/df k9\g cfpFy] . w]/}hgf Ps}rf]l6 y'lk| Fbf xfdLsxfFa:gnfO{ g} ;d:of x'GYof] . s';L{6]a'n lyPg .



5'§f5'§} sf]7f klg lyPg . k'/fgf] gofF h'Qflslglbg l9kL u/] F . af;Fu k};f /x]g5 . pxfFn];fOsndf xfn]/ syf ;'gfpFb}–;'gfpFb} ahf/

k'¥ofpg'eof] . /, h'Q} glsgL lkmtf{ Nofpg'eof] .d pxfFsf] s'/fdf olt dUg eP5', h'Qf t e';'Ss}lal;{xfn] F . dnfO{ nfUYof], Tolt ld7f] s'/f t:s'nsf ;/x¿ klg ub} {gg\ . slxn]sfxLF sfdlaufbf{ klg xKsfpg] xf]Og . syf xfNg] / k5'tf]nfUg]u/L ;D‰fpg] .

o:tf] af t d}n] c¿ s;}sf] b]v]sL 5}g .

pxfFn] aflx/sf dfG5];Fu af]n]sf] klg ;'g]sL

5' . pxfFsf] njh To:t} x'GYof] . Psbd} a'́ ‰sL .d ;f]Ry] F, :s'nsf] ;/} x'g'x'G5 ls Sof xf] Û

km]l/ 6f]nfpFy] F .

d]/f] :s'ndf t slxNo} k9fpg cfpg'ePg Û c¿:s'ndf uPsf] klg b]v]sL 5}g Û ufpFsf ljBfyL{





3/df lah'nLaQL lyPg . cfdfsf] cf}iflw ;lsPkl5l/Qf] l;;L hDdf kfYof} { + . pxfFs} n' +uLsf] 5]pRoft]/ bf/ agfpFYof} + . To;nfO{ l;;Lleq l5/fP/

d§Lt]n eYof} { + . clg 6'sL afNYof} + . ToxL 6'sLjl/kl/ ls/f ‰'lDdP‰} + ‰'lDdP/ xfdL k9fO uYof} { + .

kf7 3f]Sbf d]/f] lhp lkª dlRrPh:tf] Psf]xf]/f]xlNn/xGYof] . cfdf eGg'x'GYof], …oNnfO{ t lkª}rflxFb}g . lstfa cufl8 /fVb] cfkm} + dlRrg yfN5] .Ú

af lvTsf 5f8\g'x'GYof] . d nfhn] e't'Ss x'Gy] F .Psl5g ;DxflnGy] F . km]l/ lhpn] d'v;Fu tfnldnfOxfNYof] .

d k9fO ;s]kl5 af klN6/x]sf] ToxL ;fgf]vf6df 3'l;|g hfGy] F . cfdf sf]7fsf] klZrdlt/e'OFdf ;'Tg'x'GYof] . efO / alxgL cfdf;Fu} ;'Ty] .lbbLx¿ csf] {kl§ e'OFdf kN6Gy] . d Pp6f xftafsf] lz/d'lGt/ 3';fy] { + . csf] { xftn] pxfFsf] n'nf]sfgsf] nf]tL v]nfpg yfNy] F .



b;÷kGw| ldg]6 af;Fu s'/f gu/L dnfO{ lgb|fkb} {gYof] .

…af, d]/f] t sfkLsnd klg /fd|f] 5}g .Ú

…s] ef] t <Ú af cfFvf lrDn]/ d]/f] skfn v]nfpFb}eGg'x'GYof] .

…cF s] ef] /], dnfO{ ;fyLx¿n] luHofpFb}gg\ <Ú dpxfFsf] sfgsf] nf]tL lrdf]l6lbGy] F .

pxfF …cfTyfÚ eGb} d]/f] skfn ;':t/L tfGg'x'GYof] .

d lvltltlt xfF:y] F .

km]l/ ;f]Wy] F, …af, xfdL slxn] wgL x'g] <Ú

af pxL h'Dnfs} s'/f l‰Sg'x'GYof] .…xfdL wgL g} 5f} + 5f]/L, h'Dnfsf dfG5]eGbf w]/}

wgL 5f} + .Ú

…s:tf 5g\ h'Dnfsf dfG5] <Ú d pT;'s x'Gy] F .

af ld7f] efsfdf ToxfFsf] bl/b|tf ‰lNsg] ;+:d/0f



;'gfpg'x'GYof] .

…d clkm;sf] xflsd;Fu h'Dnf hfFbf ;ft dlxgfa;]sf] lyPF, @)!& ;fndf ===Ú

…Tof] eg]sf] slxn] xf] af <Ú d KjfSs ;f]lwxfNy] F .…slxn] xf], slxn] . ltdL t hGd]s} lyOgf} .Ú

…cfdf klg hGdg'ePsf] lyPg <Ú

…cfdf klg hGd]sL lyOg, of] 3/df .Ú

d 6\jfNn ky] { + .

…d}n] lax] u/]sf] lyOgF eg]sf] lg nf6L,Ú pxfFxfF:b} eGg'x'GYof] .

:j/ 7"nf] kf/]sfn] l/; p7]/ d sfgsf] nf]tLlrdf]l6lbGy] F .

pxfF km]l/ d]/f] skfn tfGb} eGg'x'GYof], …s'/f];'Gg] ls g;'Gg] <Ú

…n n ;'Gg],Ú d r'Kk nfUy] F .



h'Dnfdf ;ft dlxgf a:bf afn] y'k| } dflg;e]6\g'eP5 . s'/f ug' {eP5 . ;a} b'MvL lyP .vfgnfpgwl/ gk'Ug] . aRrfnfO{ k9fpg] t sxfF xf]

sxfF Û pxfFn] ToxfFsf dlxnfnfO{ ;aeGbf b'MvLb]Vg'eP5 . Hofb} d}nf sk8f nufPsf . xft klgkmf]xf]/n] k6\k6L km'6]sf . afn] Pslbg tL dlxnfnfO{gbLdf e]6\bf l/7\7f lbg'eP5, xft w'g . ;'?df tpgLx¿n] dfg]g5g\ . afn] s/ u/]kl5 w'g yfn]5g\ .jiff} { +jif{b]lv gwf]Psf] xft Ps}tfndf sxfF ;kmfx'GYof] Û a? l/7\7fn] 3f]6\bf 5fnfaf6 /ut} cfpgyfNof] /] Û

…xft} w'g g;Sg] ul/a <Úx/]s /ft afnfO{ b'j} xftn] a]b} { 5ftLdf e';'Ss

lgbfpg'cl3 bf?0f h'Dnfsf] bf?0f j0f{g ;'g]/ d]/f]afndg b|ljt x'GYof] .

…cfDdfdfdf Û s:tf] xf]nf h'Dnf <Ú



h'Dnfsf s'/f t afsf] d'vaf6 ;'g]s} lyPF,kf]v/fdf tLgjif] { :6fkm g;{sf] k9fO yfn]kl5afUn'ª, kj{t nufot cGo b'u{d kxf8sf j]bgf

klg 5n{ +u x' Fb} uP .gl;{ª k9fO ;s]kl5 @)%! ;fndf d klxnf]rf]l6

sf7df8f} + cfPF . hflu/ vf]Hg . tLg dlxgfhlta;]/ ljleGg 7fpFdf cfj]bg lbPF . e/tk'/ c:ktfndfc:yfoL g;{sf] lglDt d]/f] 5gf]6 eof] . hflu/ ;'?u/]sf] s]xL ;dod} :yfoL eOxfn] F .

@)%@ ;fndf km]l/ sf7df8f} + cfPF . ljZj:jf:Yo ;+u7g -8An'Prcf]_ sf] tLgdlxg] gl;{ª

tflnddf . d]/f] cfTdljZjf;sf] cfuf]nfO{ ;aeGbfa9L xfjf lbPsf] oxL tflndn] xf] . To; sfo{qmddfhDdf kfFrhgf 5flgPsf lyP . d Ps lyPF . s'g}a]nf sDKo'6/ vf]Ng ghfg]/ jfNn k/]sL lyPF d .cfh h] 5', h:tf] 5', To;df w]/} xft ToxLtflndsf] 5 . To;n] d]/f] JolQmTjdfq a9fPg,



dleq ba]sf] cfTdljZjf; / v'aL ee{/fpFb} aflx/Nofof] .

;a} eG5g\, sf7df8f} +df a;]/ b]z lrlgGg .

d]/f] a'‰fOdf :jf:YosdL{n] b]z lrGg] k|of]uzfnfeg]s} sf7df8f} + xf] . of] o:tf] vfN8f] xf], hxfF a;]/8fF8fsfF8f, s'gfsGb/fsf la/fdL e]6\g kfOG5 .yl/yl/sf /f]u pkrf/sf] cEof;df ;l/s eOG5 .hfh/sf]6af6 NofOPsf ‰f8fkvfnfsf la/fdLb]lv;nf{xLaf6 cfPsf OG;]kmnfOl6;sf la/fdL;Fu e]6x'G5 . SofG;/b]lv P8\; nfu]sf;Dd . b'3{6gfdfxf8 efFlRrPsf 3fOt]b]lv cfª v;]sf dlxnf;Dd .pgLx¿s} d'vaf6 b]zel/sf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] a]xfnyfxf x'G5 . kof{Kt ;|f]t;fwg gePsf b'u{d lhNnfdfuP/ PSn} sfd ug' {5 eg] sf7df8f} +sf] cg'ejn]ltvf5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .

d klg lbglbg} cfkm"nfO{ ltvfb} { lyPF .

dfG5]n] kl/kSj x'g ls b'Mv ef]Ug'k5{, ls



b]Vg'k5{ . d}n] b'j} cj;/ kfPF . b'Mvdf hlGdPF .b'Mvd} x'ls{PF . e/tk'/ c:ktfndf rf/ jif{ sfdubf{ la/fdL;Fusf] ;+;u{n] b'Mvsf] csf] { kf6f] klg

v'n:t eof] . xfd|f] z/L/nfO{ O{Zj/sf] cd"Noj/bfg elgG5 . ha la/fdLsf] lrTsf/ ;'g] F, dnfO{oxL z/L/ b'Mvsf] 3/ xf] eGg] nfUof] . g;{sf] sfds:tf] x' Fbf] /x]5 eg], pgLx¿sf] b'MvnfO{ Psbd}glhsaf6 x]g' {kg] { . dx;'; ug' {kg] { . dNxd nufpg'kg] { .8fS6/x¿n] eGbf stf xf] stf a9L .

e/tk'/ c:ktfndf d}n] slt la/fdL pkrf/u/] F, To;sf] uGtL g} 5}g . To;dWo] tLgj6f o:tf

…s];Ú ;fdgf ug' {k¥of], h;n] d]/f] cGt/cfTdfnfO{leq}b]lv xNnfOlbof] .

klxnf] s]; lyof], ;ft jif] { aRrLsf] .

cfˆg} sfsfsf] !* jif] { 5f]/fn] anfTsf/ u/]sf]lyof] pgLdfly . tL aRrLnfO{ ;D‰Fbf clxn] klgd]/f cfFvf /;fpF5g\ . kf7]3/ / lk;fay}nL l5ofl5of



ePsf lyP . lhpel/ 3fj} 3fp . ck/];g ubf{a]xf]; u/fpg] 8fS6/ geP/ d cfkm} +n] u/fPsLlyPF . :qL/f]u;DaGwL 8fS6/ gePsfn] hg/n ;h{gn]

ck/];g ug' {k/]sf] lyof] .Tolt ;fgL aRrL anfTsf/sf] l;sf/ ePsf]

36gfn] dnfO{ lgs} efj's agfof] . e/tk'/ 5]p5fpsf];'ud 7fpFdf t o:tf] b'b{zf 5 eg] ufpFdf sltaflnsf 3/]n' lx+;fsf] l;sf/ eO/x]sf xf]nfg\ <sltn] 3/]n' lx+;fkl5 c:ktfnsf] d'v} b]Vg gkfO{Hofg u'dfO/x]sf xf]nfg\ < o:tf k|Zg ;'O{ /f]lkPh:tf]d]/f] d'6'df u8] .

tL aflnsf sl/a b'O{ dlxgf c:ktfn a;]/lgsf] eP/ uOg\ . d lbgx' F pgnfO{ e]6]/dfq cfˆgf]sfddf nfUy] F .

csf] { s]; cfof], ̂ ) jif] { dlxnfsf] .

kj{tsL tL dlxnf a;fO ;/]/ lrtjg cfPsL



lyOg\ . d]/L cfdfdfkm{t\ c:ktfn cfOk'u]sL tLdlxnfsf] s]; ;'g]/} 5Ss k/] F d . pgsf] cfª-kf7]3/_ v;]sf] !* jif{ k'lu;s]sf] /x]5 . nfh;/dn]

s;}nfO{ elggg\ xf]nL . 7"nf] 6r{nfO6sf] Aof6« L5f]Kg] 9SsgLnfO{ Knfl:6sn] a]/]/ uf]nf] agfO5g\ /To;}df kf7]3/ c8\sfP/ leq l5/fO5g\ .

cfDdfdfdf === Û s;}n] cfˆgf] z/L/;Fu olt;Ddv]njf8 ug{;S5 eGg] d}n] sNkg} u/]sf] lyOgF .

s:tf] eg], jiff} { +b]lv Knfl:6s leq l5/fP/ /flvPsfn]df;';Fu k"/} 6fFl:;;s]sf] /x]5 . 5'§ofpg} ufx|f] .lgs} nfdf] ck/];g ug' {k¥of] pgsf] . ck/];g nfdf]

x'g]lalQs} la/fdLnfO{ a]xf]; agfpg'kg] { …Pg]:y]l;ofÚsf]sfd ;s;k"0f{ x'G5 . xfjf lg:sG5 xfdL a]xf];u/fpg]sf] . o:tf 36gfdf ck/];gkl5 la/fdLn];f; gkm]nf{g\ eg]/ dnfO{ cfˆg} ;f; hfnfh:tf]x'G5 .

km]l/ Tolta]nf e/tk'/ c:ktfnsf] ck/];g sIf



clxn]h:tf] sxfF lyof] / < clS;hgsf] dfqf gfKg]d]l;gwl/ lyPg . xftn] 5fd]/, cfFvfn] x]/]/ clS;hgk'u]÷gk'u]sf] v'§ofpg'kYof] { . d 3l/3l/ sk8fleq

xft 3';f/]/ la/fdLn] ;f; km]/]sf] 5 ls 5}ghfFRy] F . /utsf] /ª x]l//xg'kYof] { . nfnLu'/fF; km"nh:tf]/ftf] 5 eg] clS;hg k'u]sf] 5 . uf9f /ftf] 5 eg]clS;hgsf] dfqf a9fpg'k¥of] . xftv'§fsf] gªlyr]/ klg yfxf x'GYof] . gª lyr]/ 5f]8\bf /ftf]eof] eg] l7s 5 . xf]Og, ;]tf] eof] eg] d'6' /kmf]S;f]n] /fd|/L sfd u/]sf] 5}g eGg] a'́ g'k¥of] .

Pg]:y]l;ofdf a:bf lagfpks/0f la/fdLsf] cj:yfdfkg ug] { ljlw d}n] pxL 8An'Prcf]sf] tflndd}l;s]sL x' F .

wGg tL a"9L cfd}sf] ck/];g ;kmn eof] . pgLafFlrg\ .

d]/f] d'6' eg] eTetL kf]Ng yfNof] . o:tf sltdlxnf xf]nfg\, hf] jiff} { +b]lv /f]u kfn]/ cfˆgf] kL8f



n'sfO/x]sf 5g\ < k|hgg\;Fu hf]l8Psf o:tf ;d:ofxQkQ elgxfNg dlxnfx¿ nhfpF5g\ . ToxLnfh;/dn] slt lbbLalxgLnfO{ d[To'sf] d'vdf

k'¥ofO/x]sf] xf]nf < ;x/df :jf:Yosf 7'N7"nf s'/fu/]/ s] ufpFufpFdf n's]sf o:tf /f]u lgbfg x'G5g\ < To;sf nflu xfdL :jf:YosdL{n] ;x/sf] dfofdf/]/ ufpFleq} l5g' {k5{ ls kb} {g <

oL k|Zgn] klg d]/f] d'6' l5ofl5of kf/] .

t];|f] s]; lyof], dgfªaf6 cfPsL @& jif] {dlxnfsf] .

;'Ts]/L Joyf nfUg] a]nf cTolws /ut au]sf]

lyof] . aRrf 6fpsf]lt/af6 lg:sg'kg] {df xft lg:s]sf]lyof] . klxnf xft lg:s]kl5 k"/} Hofg aflx/cfpg ;Dej} ePg . clg t=== Û

dlxnf a]xf]; lyOg\ . aRrfsf] aflx/ lg:s]sf]xft ;'lGgP/ gLnf] eO;s]sf] lyof] . 5fnf sf6\bf



klg Ps yf]kf /ut gcfpnfh:tf] . xfdLn] t cfdf/ aRrf b'j}sf] dfof dfl/;s]sf lyof} + . s:tf]xfnt lyof] eg], ck/];g u/] klg afFRg] xf]Og,

gu/] t ‰g\ afFRg] g} ePg .xfdLn] Psrf]l6 k|of; ug] { lgwf] u¥of} + .

ck/];g eof] . aRrf aflx/ lgsfNof} + . dl/;s]sf]/x]5 . dlxnf a]xf];} lyOg\ . lhpdf /utsf] dfqfcltsd lyof] . b'O{ u|fddfq . ;fdfGotof ck/];gug{ gf} u|fd /ut x'g'k5{ . /ut gk'u]/ cfdfsf]3fp el/Fb} el/Pg . k]6 Xjf+u} lyof] . leq cfGb|f/ kf7]3/;Dd b]lvg] . b'O{ ;ftfsf] aLrdf cf7

kf]sfeGbf a9\tf /ut lbPkl5 lj:tf/} 3fp el/gyfNof] .

tL dlxnf afFlrg\ .

cfDdfdfdf=== Û dlxnfx¿sf] o:tf] b'b{zf .pgL cln x'g]vfg] 3/sL /lx5g\ . c:ktfn uP







d}n] lzIf0f c:ktfn dxf/fhuGhdf b'O{jif] { gl;{ª:gfts k9\g ;'? u/] F . b;hgfdf rf}yf] gDa/dfgfd lgsfn]sL lyPF . d]/f] ljifo lyof], ;fd'bflos

:jf:Yo ;]jf .of] ljifo 5gf]6 h'Dnf hfg] tof/Ls} k|f/De

lyof] .

gl;{ª :gfts k9\g] qmddf s0ff{nLsf] b'u{lt /ljs/fn :jf:Yo l:yltaf/] dnfO{ c‰ /fd|f] 1fgeof] . h'Dnfsf] s0ff{nL k|fljlws s]Gb|af6 cfPsfs]xL ;fyLn] ToxfFsf] yk a]xfn atfP, h'g afn];'gfpg'ePsf] lyPg . vf;u/L la/fdL x' Fbf ef]Ug'kg] {

b'Mv ;'g]/ d]/f] lgwf/af6 lr6\lr6\ kl;gf 5'6\of] .Pshgf l;lgo/ lbbL x'g'x'GYof] . h'Dnf k|fljlwss]Gb|df k9fpg'ePsf] . pxfF d]/} ;d"xdf kg' {eof] .pxfF;Fu s'/f ubf{ dnfO{ h'Dnf k'u]h:t} nfUYof] .

o;aLr d}n] :jf:Yo lzIffdf :gftsf]Q/ klgk"/f u/] F . ToxL a]nf o:tf] cj;/ cfof], h;n] d]/f]



lhGbuLnfO{ g} gofF af6f]lt/ df]l8lbof] .

d}n] a]nfot cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu -l8PkmcfO8L_sf] ;'/lIft dft[Tj sfo{qmddf hflu/ vfg cfj]bg

lbPsL lyPF . cGtjf{tf{df 8flsof] . uPF . ;+hf]u g}eGg'k5{, pgLx¿n] ;f]w], …h'Dnf / gjnk/f;Ldfsfo{qmd ;'? x' Fb}5, tkfO{ + sxfF hfg rfxg'x'G5 <Ú

;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, lgbfPkl5 ;kgf b]lvG5 . d]/f]cg'ejdf h;n] ;kgf b]V5, pm lgbfpg ;Sb}g .d}n] ;fg}b]lv h'Dnfsf] ;kgf b]v]sL lyPF . afn]b]vfOlbg'ePsf] lyof] Tof] ;kgf . …d]/L 5f]/L k9]/7"nf] dfG5] ePkl5 h'Dnfsf ul/ax¿sf] ;]jf ug{

hfG5],Ú afsf] of] egfOn] dnfO{ ;w} + k5\ofO/Xof] .s;/L k'Ug] xf]nf < sxfFaf6 cj;/ cfpnf <

jiff} { +kl5 ToxL ;kgf dnfO{ cfkm"lt/ 8f]¥ofpgcfPsf] lyof] .

d}n] afsf] cg'xf/ ;D‰] F . pxfFn] ;'gfpg'ePsfsyf ;D‰] F . tL dlxnfnfO{ ;D‰] F, h;n] lhGbuLel/



xftuf]8f wf]Pgg\ .

dnfO{ cGwsf/df PsfPs lah'nL rDs]h:t} eof] .xQkQ hjfkm lbOxfn] F, …d t h'Dnf g} /f]H5' .Ú

d}n] h'Dnf hfg] sfuhdf x:tfIf/ u/] F .dnfO{ slxn] of] va/ afnfO{ ;'gfpmF eO/x]sf]

lyof] . d pxfFn] eg]‰} + h'Dnfsf ul/asf] ;]jf ug{hfg nfu]sL lyPF . af t va/ ;'Ggf;fy v';Ln]gfRg'xf]nf eGg] nfUof] .

PsfPs d]/f] lbdfudf gofF s'/f v]Ng yfNof] .s] af ;fFlRrs} dnfO{ h'Dnf k7fpg tof/ x'g'xf]nf < Tolta]nf kf] zflGt lyof], ;'/Iff lyof] . clxn] t

h'Dnf eg]sf] dfcf]jfbL åGån] lynlynf] ePsf]7fpF . lbg/ft xToflx+;fsf va/ cfO/xG5g\ . cfbz{Pp6f 7fpFdf xf]nf, t/ afa'sf] dg g xf], cfˆgL5f]/LnfO{ åGåsf] ;dodf PSn} Tolt 6f9f k7fpgs;/L tof/ x'g'xf]nf / < To;dfly e/tk'/ c:ktfnsf]:yfoL hflu/ 5f8]/ .



d}n] afnfO{ /fd|/L lrg]sL lyPF . klxn] h];'s}eg] klg pxfF s'g} xfntdf dfGg'x'Gg eGg] 7x/u/] F . pxfFnfO{ Ps arg eGb} gegL 3/ 5f8\g

klg dg dfg]g .d}n] nfdf] e"ldsf afFw]/ s'/f ldnfO{–ldnfO{

pxfFnfO{ h'Dnfsf] va/ ;'gfPF . d}n] ;f]r]sf] l7s/x]5 . pxfFn] d'v laufg' {eof] . guOlbP x'GYof]h:tf] ug' {eof] .

eGg'eof], …eO/x]sf] :yfoL hflu/ 5f8]/ lxF8\g' / <Ú

d}n] hfg];Dd h'Dnfsf] af/]df slxNo} /fd|f] s'/f;'g]sL 5}g .

s0ff{nLsf lhNnf h'Dnf, x'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, d'u' /sflnsf]6sf] gfd cfpg]lalQs} ul/aL / b'u{dh:tfljz]if0f hf]l8P/ cfOxfN5g\ . cvaf/df klg k|foM





b]zsf dfG5] h'DnfnfO{ k/b]z 7fG5g\, s;/L pGgltx'G5 < clg s;/L ;'lw|G5 h'DnLx¿sf] hLjg:t/ <

;a}n] lv;L6\o'/L u/] klg d leq}b]lv b[9 lyPF .

@)%* ;fn . avf{sf] a]nf .

sfo{qmd ;'k/efOh/n] dnfO{ ;Fu} h'Dnf n}hfg'kg] {lyof] . sfd l;sfPkl5 dfq pgL kms{g] elgPsf]lyof] . …ltdL ;'v] {t uP/ a:b} u/, sfd l;Sb} u/,Úpgn] elgg\, …d cfpF5', clg ;Fu} h'Dnf hfpFnf .Ú

pgn] ;'v] {t cfpg} cfn6fn ul//lxg\ . vf;dfpgL h'Dnf hfg} rfxFlbgg\ eGg] d}n] a'‰] F . pgsf]e/df al;/x] slt lbg ;'v] {ts} af; x'g] xf] kQf]lyPg . d}n] PSn} eP klg h'Dnf plSng] lgwf]u/] F .

cIf/ glrg]sf xfd|f lbbLalxgL, bfh'efO efif}ga'́ g] b]zdf uP/ t PSn} sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eg]dnfO{ cfˆg} b]zdf hfg lsg ;fyL rflxof] <



h'Dnf hfg] xjfO{hxfh kfpg lgs} ufx|f] eof] .v/fa df};dsf sf/0f p8fg} sd lyof] . To;dflyh'Dnf Po/kf]6{ sfnf]kq] ug{ nfu]sfn] hxfh hfg

;Sbf] /x]g5 . x]lnsf]K6/df l6s6 kfpg' dxfef/tlhTg'hlQs} x' Fbf] /x]5 .

d;Fu h'Dnfsf] Pe/]:6 xf]6nsf k|f]k|fO6/ ;'gLn-zdf{_ bfOsf] kmf]g gDa/ lyof] . ;'v] {taf6} kmf]gu/] F . pxfFn] x]lnsf]K6/sf] l6s6 lng] 58\s] af6f]b]vfOlbg'eof] .

58\s] af6f] ;lhnf] lyof] . l6s6 kfPF klg .t/, dg cfTdUnflgn] el/P/ cfof] . dfG5] kGw|÷;f]x|

lbgb]lv Po/kf]6{d} s'/]/ a;]sf 5g\ . Pscsf{nfO{lrGg] eO;s]sf . …tkfO{ +nfO{ b]v] eg] ‰u8f ug{cfpF5g\, s'6fs'6} x'g;S5,Ú x]lnsf]K6/sf :6];gDofg]h/n] dnfO{ kmf]gdf eg], …tkfO{ + cfˆgf] ‰f]nfd]/f] clkm;df /fVg';\ / sxLF ghfg]h:tf] u/La:g';\ . x]lnsf]K6/ hfg] kSsf ePkl5 d va/



u5' { .Ú

dnfO{ pgsf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;fx| } gdHhf nfUof] .l6s6 gkfP/ Po/kf]6{df cnkq ofq'x¿nfO{ cGofo

u/] F ls eGg] eof] . eg;'g u/]/ l6s6 lnPsf]dfk5'tf] nfu]/ cfof] .

d;Fu c¿ pkfo g} s] lyof] / < dnfO{ Psl5g;'v] {tdf cl8g dg lyPg . Tof] d]/f] sfo{If]qxf]Og . cfˆgf] sfo{If]q guO{ ;'v] {td} e'ln/xg d]/f]dgn] lbFb} lbPg . oxfF t :jf:Yo ;]jfsf y'k| }ljsNk 5Fb} 5g\ . t/, h'Dnf < h'DnfnfO{ d]/f] vfFrf]lyof] . sDtLdf Toltv]/ dnfO{ To:t} nfUof] . d}n]

uf}td a' 4nfO{ ;D‰] F . pgn] eg]sf lyP /], slxn]sfxLFc;n glthfsf] lglDt unt af6f] klg :jLsfo{x'G5 .

d cfˆgf] dg yfdy'd kf/]/ :6];g Dofg]h/sf]lgb] {zg k5\ofpFb} uPF .

/, Pl;og x]lnsK6/df h'Dnf p8] F .





d afn] syf ;'gfpg'ePsf b]jtfsf] jfo'k+vL 3f]8fdf;jf/ 5' . 3fF6L tGsfO{–tGsfO{ d'lg x]g{ yfn] F .8fF8fsf 6'Kkf6'Kkfdf, vf] +rvf] +rdf Psb'O6f ‰'k|f

b]lvP . ToxfF kSs} dfG5] t a:5g\ xf]nf lg Û s;/Lk'Ubf x'g\ ToxfF;Dd . lgwf/ v'DRofpFb} cfFvf uf8] F .dl;gf] w;f] {h:tf] uf]/]6f] af6f] b]lvof] . :s'n eg]6f9f6f9f;Dd sxLF b]lvgF . sxfF k9\bf x'g\ oL3/sf s]6fs]6L <

bfofFafofF cfFvf 3'dfPF . d]/L cfdf skfn ;kSssf]/]/ aLrdf nfdf] l;pFbf] /fVg'x'G5 . oL kxf8sfaLrdf d]/L cfdfsf] l;pFbf]h:t} gbL alu/x]sf] b]Vbf‰G8} cfF;' gcfPsf], cfdfnfO{ ;D‰]/ . aflx/sfcfs[lt lj:tf/} wldnf] x' Fb} uP . w'nf] l5/]/ cK7]/f]ePh:tf] efg kfb} { cfFvf l‰lD‰dfPF . cfFvfdf nfu]sf]afbn 5fFl§of] .

x]lnsf]K6/ h'Dnf Po/kf]6{dfly kmGsf] dfb} { /x]5 .

dflyaf6} sfnf] kvf{n b]v] F . Po/kf]6{df sfnf]



kvf{n nufPsf] b]v]/ crDd nfUof] . hlthlt tn‰b} { uPF, b[Zo 5\of+u x' Fb} uof] . Po/kf]6{sf] kvf{neg]sf] t sxfF x'g' Û tL t sfF8]tf/sf] 5]p nfu]/

a;]sf :yfgLo afl;Gbf /x]5g\ . ef/L af]Sg Po/kf]6{cfPsf .

d Po/kf]6{ aflx/ lg:s] F . Ps x'n s]6fs]6LdnfO{ 3]g{ cfOxfn] . dlxnf / k'?if klg lyP .k|foM ;a} pd]/ 9Ns]sf . s]xL zf/Ll/s ckf+utfePsf klg b]lvP . xftv'§f a+UofpFb}, vf]RofpFb},clncln d':sfg 5b} { d]/f]5]p cfP .

…s]xL vfsf 5}gd\, ef/L af]Sg b]pm,Ú Ps xftn]

cfˆgf] k]6lt/ O;f/f ub} { pgLx¿n] eg] .hjfkm lbg gkfpFb} pgLx¿ …d af]S5', d af]S5'Ú

eg]/ ‰f]nf tfgftfg ug{ yfn] . d}n] s]xL af]Ng};lsgF . x]/]sf] x]¥o} ePF . cflv/df b'O{hgf s]6fs]6Ln]ldn]/ af]Sg] ;xdlt u/] .





ePg . d g]kfnLdf ;f]Wy] F, pgLx¿ cfˆg} efiffdfhjfkm lbGy] . vn+uf ahf/ aflx/ kfOnf 6]s]sf/x]g5g\ . afx| jif{ gfl3;s]sf lyP, t} :s'nsf] d'v

b]v]sf lyPgg\ . k9fOn]vfOdf k"/} ;'Ggf .xf]6n k'u]kl5 ;fx'gL -uf]df efph"_ ;Fu ltg}

s]6fs]6Lsf] af/]df ;f]wvf]h u/] F . pgLx¿sf afPsfPs ufoa ePsf /x]5g\ . dfcf]jfbLdf nfu] lsef/tlt/ efl;P, d/] ls lhpFb} 5g\, s]xL kQf]/x]g5 . cfdfn] csf] { lax] ul/5g\ . clg pgLx¿h'Dnfsf] lr;f]df l7lxl/Fb} ef/L af]s]/ u'hf/f ubf{/x]5g\ . xh'/cfdf / xh'/afnfO{ klg kfln/x]sf

/x]5g\ ./ftel/ ltg} e'/fx¿sf] ts{gf dgdf v]ln/Xof] .

s] 6'x'/f] x'g', blnt x'g' / ul/a x'g' s;}sf] /x/xf] < s] tL aRrfnfO{ pk| mLpk| mL, gfRb}gfRb} :s'nhfg] OR5f lyPg xf]nf < lar/f, c3fpGh]n cfdfsf]sfvdf v]Ngwl/ kfPgg\ .



d]/f] cfFvfaf6 t'?Ss cfF;' ‰/]5 . kQ} kfOgF .

afnfO{ ;lD‰PF . pxfFn] ;'gfPsf] h'Dnf j0f{g3l/3l/ sfgdf u'l~hg yfNof] .

af @)!& ;fnd} oxfF cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ndh'ªdfhGd]sf] dfG5], 6'x'/f] eP/ ef}tfl/Fb} ‰fkf k'Ug'eof] .sxfFaf6 of] b'u{d 7fpFdf cfOk'Ug'eof] Û clxn] to:tf] 5, Tolta]nf s:tf] lyof] xf]nf Û dfG5]sf]hft– kl/l:ylt / ;+hf]un] htf ntf¥of], pt}ntfl/g] t xf] . To;a]nf af oxLF 3/hd u/]/a:g'ePsf] eP cfh d log} s]6fs]6Lsf] 7fpFdf x'Gy] Fxf]nf < efUodfgL /x]5', d]/f] afn] lrtjg /f]Hg'eof] .

h'DnfeGbf w]/} ;'ud 7fpFdf hlGdg kfPF .dgdf s'/f v]nfpFbf–v]nfpFb} d}n] yfxf kfPF, s'g}

klg JolQmsf] hlGdg] 7fpF p;sf] 5gf]6sf] ljifoxf]Og .

h'Dnfdf kfOnf 6]s]sf] Ps lbg glaTb} ToxfFsf]



Pp6f s?0f tl:a/ d]/f] cfFvf cufl8 lyof] .

cfˆgf] afNosfn ofb cfof] . d gf+uf] v'§flxF8]sL 5' . ef]sf] k]6 ;'t]sL 5' . cfkm"eGbf 7"nf]

ef/L af]s]sL 5' . d]nfkft u/]sL 5' . t/, oltljlwul/a lyOgF . oltljlw b'MvL lyOgF .

d b'MvL eg]sf] t of] 7fpF kf] b'MvL /x]5 .

afn] eGg'ePsf] ;fFRr} xf] .

h'Dnfsf dfG5] xfdLeGbf ul/a} x'g\ .

gl;{ª SofDk;sf w]/} ;fyL a]nfotdf 5g\ .

pgLx¿ tf/Gtf/ Od]n n]v]/ dnfO{ 8fls/xG5g\ .eG5g\, …tF s] g]kfndf al;/xG5;\, a]nfot cfOh,oxfF ;ayf]s 5 .Ú

cfh d pgLx¿nfO{ ;f]Wg rfxG5', …s] ToxfFh'Dnf 5 <Ú



d lgs} efUodfgL x' F . d}n] a]nfot xf]Og,h'Dnfdf sfd ug] { df}sf kfPF . a]nfotn] dh:tf]g;{ k|z:t} kfpF5 . h'Dnfdf d PSnL 5' . a]nfotdf

d]/f] pkl:yltsf] df]n ;'sf a/fa/ x'Gg . h'Dnfdfnfv 5 .

oxfF d hgzlQm ljsf; clws[t 5' . Pslsl;dn] eGbf of] xflsd kb xf] . g]kfnLx¿Dffxflsd x'gnfO{ k'?if eP 8Dd e' F8L nfu]sf] /dlxnf eP kfsL / l;+uf/k6f/ u/]sL x'g'k5{ .h'Dnf h:tf] 7fpFdf t ‰g\ aflx/sf dlxnf xDd];Lsfd ug{ hfFb} hfFb}gg\ . uP klg slnnf]

pd]/sf] 5 eg] s;}n] kTofpg] xf]Og . To:tf] ;f]rePsf] 7fpFdf ;a}sf] ljZjf; lhTg cfkm"nfO{ pd]/eGbfkfsL b]vfpg' d]/f] klxnf] r'gf}tL aGof] .

d}n] ;f8L nufpg yfn] F . clkm; hfg] a]nfxf]6nsL aHo}n] k"hf u/]/ /fv]sf] yfnLaf6 lgwf/dfly 6Lsf nufpFy] F, ljjflxt dlxnfn] h:t} . t}klg



dnfO{ d]/f] kbcg';f/ s;}n] af]nfPgg\ . h;n] klg…l;:6/Ú eGy] . dtna, pgLx¿sf] lglDt d la/fdLsf];]jf ug] { g;{ x' F, Joj:yfks xf]Og . o;n] ;'?;'?dfsfd ug{ lgs} cK7]/f] ] eof] . sltkon] c;xof]uu/] . cfh;Dd ul//x]s} 5g\ .

d klg xf/ dfGg]jfnf sxfF lyPF / <

d}n] s] cg'ej u/] F eg], k9fOn] JolQmTja9fpg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]Nbf]/x]5 . d}n] :jf:Yo lzIffdf:gftsf]Q/ ;s]sf], ;dfhzf:qdf :gftsf]Q/ ul//x]sf],gl;{ªdf :gfts / rf/ jif{ Pg]:y]l6s cl;:6]G6sf]cg'ej ;+ufn]sf] ;'g]kl5 ;a} To;} lha|f] 6f]Sy] .

h'Dnfdf sfd ;'? ubf{ d}n] xfl;n u/]sf] lzIff g}d]/f] lglDt alnof] c:q ;flat eof] .

;+hf]un] ToxfFsf 8fS6/ d]/L dfOnL lbbL -ljGb'_;Fu} k9]sf /x]5g\ . y/ klg kf}8]n} . o;n] ToxfFsf]j:t'l:ylt a'́ g lgs} ;lhnf] eof] . ;a} /fd|f]x' Fbfx'b} pgL;Fu Pp6f s'/fdf eg] ;w} + u'gf;f] /Xof]



d]/f] . h'Dnfk|lt pgsf] vf;} cle?lr lyPg . gsfd ug] { hfFu/} b]lvGYof] . pgL vfln ;/sf/Lhflu/sf] b'u{d sf]6f k"/f ug{ cfPsf lyP . …oxfF

s]xL ug{ ;lsGg alxgL, ug} { lbFb}gg\,Ú pgL k|:6}eGy], …a;'Gh]n ;a}nfO{ v';L agfP/ a:g], lbg;lsPkl5 v'?Ss hfg] .Ú

pgL h'DnL efiff ld;fpFb} dnfO{ ;D‰fpFy], …t'dLklg cfˆgf] hflu/ vfpm, cg'ej n]pm, hfpm .Ú

d pgsf] lg/fzfhgs s'/fnfO{ lkm:; xfF;]/6fl/lbGy] F .

xfd|f] 5'§} clkm; lyPg . g]kfn / a]nfot;/sf/sf] låkIfLo sfo{qmd / åGåsf] a]nf k/]sfn]h'Dnf c:ktfnd} k|zf;gsf] Pp6f sf]7f vfnL u/]/xfdLnfO{ a:g lbOPsf] lyof] .

Pssf]7] clkm;df rf/j6f Knfl:6ssf s';L{ lyP .



b'O6f 6]an . rs6L /fv]sf b'O6f s';L{ . leQfdf6fFl;Psf] Pp6f b/fh . a;\ TolQ . ;'/Iffsf sf/0ft8se8s gu/L hlt;Sbf] Go"gtd ;'ljwfdf a:g'k5{

eGg] dfGotf lyof] . ToxL eP/ h'Dnfsf] 7G8Ldfg lx6/ tfKg] ;'ljwf lyof], g sfk] {6sf] Gofg}kfOGYof] . hf8f] dlxgfel/ lr;f]n] d]/f xft sqmSsky] { . d}n] nfpg] n'uf klg vf;} Gofgf lyPgg\ .h'Dnf hfFbf afSnf sk8f nu]sL lyOgF . hf8f]dfyd{n sf]6 nufpg'k5{ eGg] yfx} lyPg . eP klglsGg k};f lyPg . c¿sf] l:ylt x]y] { + . deGbfkftnf] sk8fdf wflgP/ a;]sf 5g\ . ;f]Ry] F, ;a}t afFr]s} 5g\ . d]/f] hf8f] To;} 5'dGt/ x'GYof] .

clkm; sf]7fdf ev{/} hfnL9f]sf xflnPsf] lyof] .To;}n] xf]nf, cln s8f lyof] . 9f]sf vf]Nbf /nufpFbf s'OFOFOF s/fpFYof] . Pslbg ToxL 9f]sfs'OFOFOF kfb} { Pshgf dlxnf x8\a8fpFb} leq l5l/g\ .

…lbbL lbbL, Pshgf kvfnf nfu]sf] la/fdL



cfÚsf] 5, l56f] cfpg';\ g,Ú pgn] Ps} ;f;dfelgg\ .

pgsf] gfpF xf], tf/f g]kfnL . nf]Ug] k|x/Ldf

/x]5 . nf]Ug]n] csL{ >LdtL NofPkl5 pgL ;fgf]5f]/f lnP/ dfOtLdf afcfdf;Fu a:b} cfPsL /lx5g\ .c:ktfn ljsf; ;ldltdf ;xof]uLsf] sfd uly{g\ .dlxgfsf] Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF tna . Tof] klg a9]/Tolt ePsf] /] . pgL d}n] e]6]sf ;xof]uL sd{rf/LdWo];aeGbf Odfgbf/ lyOg\ . eg]sf] / l;sfPsf]sfddf s'g} gfOFgf:tL gug] { . ;fob c:yfoL eP/xf]nf . jf, nf]Ug]n] 5f]8]kl5 cfly{s af]‰n] lylrP/

xf] ls <tf/f PSnL dlxnf ;xof]uL lyOg\, h'Dnf

c:ktfndf . cg'xf/ xFl;nf] lyof], :jefj nhfn' .cln l;ls:t la/fdL b]v] v'a 8/fpFlyg\ . laxfgb]lva]n'sL;Dd sfd ul//xlGyg\ . hlt ca]/;Dd a:g'k/]klg uf]8f ahfly{gg\ . cg'xf/ 7':; kfly{gg\ .



To:tf] ;xof]uL d}n] cfh;Dd e]6]s} 5}g . c¿ hlte]6] F, k|foM ;dosf] Vofn gug] {, /S;Ln] dft]/clkm; cfOlbg], p:t} k/] ‰u8f ug] {, cg]s axfgf

agfP/ sfd 6fg] { vfnsf x'Gy] . s'/f}6] :jefjsf;xof]uL klg w]/} e]6]sL 5' . tf/fdf oL s'g}cju'0f lyPgg\ .

pg} tf/f kvfnfn] l;ls:t la/fdL b]v]/ ;f;km'nfpFb} dsxfF cfPsL lyOg\ . d t'?Gt} pgnfO{k5\ofpFb} la/fdLsxfF k'Ug rfxGy] F . t/, Psl5gyfldPF .

d l;:6/ ag]/ h'Dnf cfPsL lyOgF . ToxfF

la/fdL hfFRg] clwsf/ klg lyPg dnfO{ . cfhefjgfdf au]/ pkrf/ u/] F eg] kl5kl5 klg d]/}e/ kg] { vt/f lyof] . x'g t h'Dnf c:ktfndf sltg} la/fdL cfpFy] / < o;f] eGb}df c:ktfnsf8fS6/, g;{sf] lhDd]jf/L cfkm} +n] lnP/ d pgLx¿nfO{k/hLjL agfpg rfxGgy] F .



…kvfnf nfUb}df d lsg cfpg'k¥of],Ú d}n] clnl/;fP‰} + eg] F, …oqf jif{ sNn] la/fdL hfFRof], hfpmpgLx¿nfO{ af]nfpm <Ú

pgL Pp6f xftn] hfnL9f]sf 7]n]/ ple/x]sLlyOg\ . Pp6f v'§f sf]7fleq lyof], Pp6f aflx/ .?Gr] :j/df elgg\, …unL unL lbbL . la/fdLl;l/o; 5 .Ú

h'DnL efiffdf s;}nfO{ laGtLefp ug' {k¥of] eg]…unL unLÚ elgG5 . d}n] Toltv]/;Dd h'DnL /g]kfnL efiffsf] cy{ v'nfP/ Pp6f ;fgf] zAbsf]ifagfO;s]sL lyPF .

tf/fsf] To:tf] laGtLefp ;'g]/ d]/f uf]8f cl8Pgg\ .d]/f] sfof{b]zn] tf]s]sf] bfo/fdfly g;{sf] st{JoxfjL x'g k'Uof] . Tof] d]/f] sfd xf]Og eGb} al;/xgdg dfg]g .

d pgsf] kl5 nfu] F .



Odh] {G;L sf]7f %)÷^) ld6/ 6f9f lyof] . dtf/f;Fu} bf}l8Fb} ToxfF k'u] F . la/fdL x] ]/] F . dlxnf/x]5 . kvfnf nfu]sf] klg x}g /x]5 . /ut au]/

a]xf]; ePsf] . Tof] klg ;'Ts]/L u/fpFbf ;fnc8\s]/ . h'DnL efiffdf /ut aUg'nfO{ kvfnfnfu]s} elgFbf] /x]5 .

tL dlxnf a]xf]; lyOg\ . e/tk'/ c:ktfndfrf/ jif{ Pg]:y]l;ofdf sfd u/]sLn] d}n] w]/}rf]l6o:tf] la/fdLsf] pkrf/ u/]sL lyPF . sDtLdf #);]s]G8b]lv @) ldg6d} /ut au]sf] /f]Sg ;lsG5 .3/d} klg pkrf/ x'g;S5 . ;fwf/0ftof kf7]3/

v'DrfP/ /ut aUg sd x'g] cf}iflw lbg'k5{ ./ut;Dd lbg kfP klg la/fdLnfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 .ToxfF g la/fdLnfO{ rflxg] hu]8f /ut lyof], gck/];g sf]7f . g OGh]S;g, g cf}iflw . ahf/sflghL cf}iflw k;ndf kfOG5 ls eg]/ dfG5]bf}8fPF . kfOPg . ca la/fdLnfO{ ;'v] {t jf g]kfnuGh



nUg'sf] ljsNk b]lvgF . t/, s'?jf;Fu k};f lyPg .hxfhdf hfFbf b'O{hgfnfO{ sDtLdf ^ xhf/ ?k}ofFnfUYof] . ;xof]u u?F eg] cfkm";Fu klg Tolt k};f

lyPg . ;do 3ls{ +b} lyof] . hlt cfn6fn u¥of],/ut au]/} la/fdLsf] d[To' x'g] vt/f lyof] . d}n]s]xL ;Lk gnfu]/ cfkm";Fu ePsf] clnslt k};fl‰s] F . afFsL ToxLF vf]hvfh kf/] F . 5 xhf/ ?k}ofFhDdf ePkl5 la/fdL / s'?jf b'j}nfO{ Po/kf]6{k7fOxfn] F .

b'ef{Uo Û hxfh pl8;s]5 .

tL dlxnf afFlrgg\ .

d Tof] /ftel/ lgbfpg ;lsgF . x]bf{x]b} { cfFv}cufl8k|f0f uPsf] tL dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ ‰N‰NtL ;lD‰/x] F .pgsf] zj / ?jfaf;L ul//x]sf cfkmGt 5]p5fpg} 5g\ ls h:tf] nfUof] . d tl;{PF . bfofFafofF x]/] F .l/Qf] sf]7f lyof] . l/Qf] d lyPF . cfkm} +nfO{ lwSsf/] F .s]–s] g u5' { eg]/ cfPsf], Pp6f ;fdfGo la/fdLnfO{



klg arfpg ;lsgF . d}n] tL dlxnfsf] cg'xf/dfcfˆgL cfdfnfO{ b]v] F . ‰g\ ?g dg nfUof] .

h'Dnf a;fOsf] Pp6f c;kmn ;'?jftn] dnfO{

leq}b]lv xNnfOlbPsf] lyof] . km]l/ ;f]r] F, o:tf]36gf t oxfF w]/} x'g]5 . hxfF #) ldg]6sf]km/sdf Pshgf cfdf dl//x]sL 5g\, ToxfFsf]:jf:Yo ;]jfdf sfd ug' { ;lhnf] kSs} xf]Og .o;nfO{ ;lhnf] agfpg] xf] eg] ck/];g sIf, /uta} +ssf] Joj:yf / cfsl:ds sf]if v8f ug{ 86]/nfUg'k5{ . olt ug{ ;lsG5 eg]dfq oxfF a;]sf];fy{s x'G5 . geP lbgx' F la/fdLsf] d[To' x]b} { lbgx' F

cfkm} + dg' {eGbf h'Dnf 5f8]/ lxF8]s} a]; .;'?jftd} cQflnP/ h'Dnf 5f8\g] sNkgfn] d]/f]

dg lr;f] eP/ cfof] . uf]8fn] cfˆg} Hofg yfDgg;s]h:tf] eof] . cf]5\ofgdf klN6PF . cfFvf lrDn] F .afsf] cg'xf/ ofb cfof] .

…5f]/L, h'Dnfdf xfdLeGbf ul/a dfG5] a:5g\,



ltdLn] 7"nf] eP/ pgLx¿sf] ;]jf ug' {k5{ x} .Ú

d}n] km'?+u k/]/ …x;\ afÚ eg]sL lyPF .

cfFvf p3f/] F .

afn] xft lbPh:tf] nfUof] . dg PSsfl; tftf]eP/ cfof] . d}n] pltGv]/} c7f]6 u/] F, d eflUbgF .;d:of;Fu n8\5' . ;d:ofnfO{ lhT5' .

d]/f] af slxNo} dnfO{ unt af6f] b]vfpg'x'Gg .h'DnfnfO{ d]/f] vfFrf] 5 .

lsgls, oxfF deGbf ul/a dfG5] a:5g\ .

qq

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