KGOA Souvenir 2013 Part 3 Pages 121 192

Is®-dnªphnfn- -h³ s]®ns\{]W-b-ap-{Z-bnÂ]q¯p-t]m-bv, ]n¶-hÄ

ho«nseP\Â]m-fn-bnÂ Imäp-t]mÂsXm«p-\n-ev¡p¶paÀ½-cw-t]m-e-h³

s]®n-\p-ÅnÂ]qNq-SnSpw ]pgan¶-epÅangn- n-cn-h-©n-IÄ

DÅn-te¡p £Wn-¡tWm!C¶-se,I-am-{XþsXmSp-s¯m-cm-IÀjWw

th! HmSp¶ Xohn]ns¶mcps]®p hoWpacn¨ Pem-ibw

tXä-bmse arKwP\Â I¼n-taÂao«n-Sp-¶p,tXmäp-t]m-Im-X-hÄ

CÃ hmXnÂ Xpd-¡n-Ã,hmÀ -bnÂ\á-ambn InS- p-hm³h¶-h³...

Hä-bm-\mbv aS-§p¶pasäm-cp,ho«nse P\Âþ¡¼n-IÄ ao«p-hm³

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IhnX . hnt\mZv sshimJn

¯-bpsS Fgp¯v tai-¸p-d¯v InS-¡p-¶p.HcmgvN ap³]mWv AXv h¶-Xv. ]{´mwXobXn IpSpw-_-k-taXw \m«n-se- m-\mbnSn¡-sä-Sp-¯n-cp-¶-Xm-Wv. Znh-ka-Sp¯t¸mÄ]cn-]mSn amän.

A£-c-§Ä X½nÂ sXmSmsX Ip\p-Ip\m FgpXn \nd-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. CS-Xp-h-i¯pwapIÄ mK- p-apÅ amÀPn-\n-te¡pw ]Xn-hp-t]mse kzc-§fpw hyRvP-\-§fpw k¦-S-§fpw Ib-dn-¸n-Sn-¨n-«pv.

CuhI Fgp- p-IÄs¡m¶pw Fs¶kzm[o-\n-¡m³ Ign-bn-sÃ¶v ]e-X-hW ]d-ªn-«p-Å-Xm-Wv. IpWp-¡p-I-fn-Ãm¯ mj-bmWv F\n-¡n-ãw. C¯-bv¡-X-dn-bp-IbpwsN¿mw. ]ns¶ IYtbm Ihn-Xtbm Fgp-Xm-\-dnªp IqSm-¯-Xn-\mepw a\Êv Xpd-¡m³Hcmsf In«m-¯-Xn-\mepw a\-ÊnÂ sI«n-\nÀ¯n-b-sXÃmw C³e³Uv In«p-t¼mÄ Xpd-¶p-hn-Sp-¶p.

C¯ Pmtem-dn-emWv cmP-Øm-\nse HcpPnÃm BØm-\-am-sW-¦nepw \½psS Hcp{Kma-t¯mfw t]m¶ ]«-Ww. Hcp kn\namXntb-ä-dn-Ã. Hcp tImtf-Pn-Ã. henb Bip-]-{Xn-bn-Ã. BsI Ipd¨v s]mSn-]n-Sn¨ kÀ¡mÀsI«n-S-§fpw Hcp aoäÀtKPv sdbnÂth-tÌ-j\pw Hä cm{Xn-s¡mv Al-½-Zm-_m-Zn-se¯mw F¶Xv mKyw. cm{Xn-sImv F¶p]d-bp-t¼mÄ ]IÂ hn In«nÃ F¶-Xp-X-s¶-bmWv [cn-t¡--Xv. s]mÅp¶ NqSp-\n-an-¯-amtWm At§m«v ]IÂ _Êpw Xoh-n-bp-an-Ãm-¯Xv F¶v kwibw tXm¶n-bn-cp-¶p.

tam\p a\-Ên-em-hm-ªn-«m, ChnsS h¶p-\n¶v A\p- -hn- -dn-bWw ho«n-\-I- n-cp-¶mÂXe-bv¡-I¯v Ft´m ]pI-ªp-I-bdpwAXn-cm-hn-se- s¶ ]pd-¯n-d-§n-bmtemhkv{X-§Ä¡-Sn-bn-eqsS Hmtcm \nan-jhpwHmtcm IpSw shÅ-amWv DuÀ¶n-d-§p-I.

C§-s\-sbm-s¡-bmWv C¯ Fgp-Xp-I. XWp- n-s\-¡p-dn-¨m-bmepw C{XISp¯ `mj-Xs¶ D]-tbm-Kn-¡pw.

\m«n-Â Pohn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v F§-s\-bm-bmepw CsXm¶pw a\-Ên-em-hnÃ.Hcp Znhkw Fsâ Xebv¡v s\mÊm-hpw.

AXp-Xs¶ kw`-hn-¨p. tPmen¡mcn-bmb C¯bv¡v ap¶nÂ Hcp ZnhkwtemIw IogvtaÂ adn-ªp. NnIn-Õbv¡v \m«nÂ htc-n-h-¶p.

]n¶o-SpÅ Fgp- p-IÄ¡v aqÀÏqSn-s¡m-n-cp-¶p. Bsctbm tXmÂ¸n-¡m³ thn-sb-t¶mWw XpSÀ¨-bmbnC¯-sb-gp-Xn.

Ct¸mÄ tai-¸p-d-¯pÅ I¯v Iq«-¯n-sem-¶mbn Icp-Xn-b-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.

""aoäÀ tKPv sse³ s]mfn-¨n-cn-¡p-IbmWv. ]Wn \S-¡p-¶p. Hcp hÀj-ambn CXp-hgn XohnbnÃ.'' ap³]v]e-X-hW Fgp-Xnb kwK-Xn-IÄhopw HmÀan-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv.

""Al-½-Zm-_m-ZnÂ _Ên-d§n \K-cw apgp-h³ Npän thWw sdbnÂth-tÌ-j-\n-se- m-³. ss^k-en-s\bpwssk\-_-tbbpw sImv Ct¸mÄAl-½-Zm-_m-Zn-eqsS k©-cn-¡m³ss[cyw t]mcm. A-Xp-sImv Sn¡ävIm³kÂ sN¿p-¶p. C\n ASp¯sImÃw hcmw.'' C{X-bp-amWv I¯nsehnh-c-§Ä Bsctbm Ip¯n t\mhn-¡m-\mbn a\:]qÀÆw Fgp-Xnb Nne hcn-Ifpw IqsS-bp-v.

""C¯ F§-s\-bm-Wn-hnsS Ign-bp-¶-sX¶v \n\-¡-dn-bnÃ tamt\. tKm{[-sb¶pw k_Àa-Xn-sb¶pw aäpw ]{X-


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C

IY . Fw.-F³.-hn-\-b-Ip-amÀ

§-fnÂ hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ \n§-f-hn-sS-bn-cp¶v F´mWv a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-sX¶v F\n-¡-dn-ªp-IqSm.C\nbns¸m bp²-am-Wp-t]m-epw.''

C¯ A´-co-£-¯nÂ \n¶vHmtcm¶v hen- q-cn-X-e-bnÂshbv¡p-I-bm-Wv. ]pw CXm-bn-cp¶p kz`m-hw. bm{X amän-sh-bv¡p¶ hnh-c-¯n\v Is¯-gp-XnbXv D½ In-«n-Ã. tai-¸p-d-¯p-s-¦nepw \S-¡m³ h¿m-¯-Xn-\mÂ AXv I®nÂ s]«n-Ã.

C¯-bpsS Fgp¯v ImWm-¸mTw ]Tn¨v AÀY-a-dn-bmsX Dcp-hn-S-em-bn-cp¶p D½-bpsS ]Wn.CSbv¡v I¯nÂ \n¶v ]Tn¨Nne kwK-Xn-IÄ tNmZy-cq-]-¯nÂ FSp¯nSpw. Øe-Ime

Ip«n-IÄ Aev]-t\cw A´w hn«p-\n-¶p. ]ns¶Iq«-t¯msS Nnń-¨p.

I¯n\v henb {]m[m-\y-sam¶pw Rm³ Iev]n- n-cp-¶n-Ã. C¯bpw Ip«n-Ifpw sImÃ-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â h¶pt]mhp-¶Xv apS-§n. AXn-semcp hnj-a-ap-mbn F¶p-am-{Xw.

""ss^kÂ anTmbn hm§m³ t]mb-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.cp-aq¶v t]À tNÀ¶v Ahsâ ssI ]nSn¨v sRcn-¨p.ssIbnse NnÃd \mW-b-§Ä hm§n HmS-bn-te-s¡-dn-ªp. C\n anTmbn hm§n-¡m³ htczm-Sm-\m-bnsâtamt\'' F¶v t]Sn- n- p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]Xn-½q¶v hbÊm Ah\v. Rms\´p sN¿pw?

C§s\ ss^k-en-s\-¡p-dn-s -gp-Xp-¶-Xn\p ]IcwNne-t¸mÄ H«-I-¯nsâ I®nse ssZ\y-s¯-¡p-dn-¨mhpw Fgp-Xp-I. a\p-jyÀ¡p thn amÀ_nfpw{Kmss\äpw Npa-¡p¶ H«-Iw. ]ns¶ aqhm-bncw ASnDb-c-¯n-te¡v ]Sn-IÄ Ibdn ]gb sIm«mcw \nÂ¡p-¶n-S-t¯¡v IÃv Npa-¶p-I-b-äp¶ a\p-jyÀ. Acn-sª-Sp¯ amÀ_nÄ IÃmWv AhÀ Npa-¶p-sIm-p-t]m-hp-I. Hcp IÃv apI-fn-se- n-¨mÂ AhÀs¡´p In«pw?Bthm. BÀ¡-dn-bmw. Nne-t¸mÄ ]W-ambn H¶pwIn«p-¶p-m-hn-Ã. ]ucm-Wn-I- m-h-§Ä IÃn\-Ã, H«-I-¯n-sâbpw IÃv Npa¶p Ib-äp¶ a\p-jy-sâbpw apJ-¯m-Wv.

""Zmcn-{Zy-¯n\v Hcp \nd-ap-v. ChnsS Pmtem-dnÂ

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_Ô-§-fn-Ãm¯ tNmZy-§-fmhpw AXv.Hcp-Zn-hkw apä¯v Ifn-¡p¶ Ip«nI-fpsS CS-

bn-te¡v Ib-dn-s¨¶v At¸mÄ¯s¶ D¯cwInt« ASn-b- c {]m[m-\y-apÅ hnj-b-sa¶\nebnÂ D½ tNmZn-¨p.

""a¡tf Cu s]mJvdm³¶p-h¨m ´m htey-t_mw_m?

h¶mÂ AXv ImWmw. CSp-¡p-h-gn-bn-te¡v Xpd-¶p-sh¨ I¡q-kp-I-fp-ambn \nÂ¡p¶ hoSp-IÄ. B hgn-bn-eqsS amen-\y-§Ä ]pX¨v \S-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ a\p-jyÀ. ]t£, hni-¸n-s\-¸än AhÀ kwkm-cn-¡p-ItbCÃ.. AhÀ¡-X-dn-ªp-Iq-Sm-bn-cn-¡pw. a\-Ên-em-bn-tÃ.Rm³ Fhn-sS-bmWv Pohn-¡p-¶-sX¶v''

sjmÀWqÀ sdbnÂth-tÌ-jsâ ]mÀiz- nÂ Hcp-I-\-Imw-_-c-apv. an¶p¶ aª- q-¡-fp-ambn XfnÀta-\n-bp-eªv Ft¸mgpw Imän-t\mSv IpWp-§p¶ I\-Imw-_cw BIm-i¯v Ipfn¨v \oe-\n-d-am-bn-¯oÀ¶]q¼m-ä-IÄ GXp-t\-chpw AXns\ hebw sNbvXv\nÂ¡pw. AXns\ H¶v t\m¡p-Itbm AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Hcp \Ã hmNIw ]d-bp-Itbm sN¿p-¶XvsdbnÂth tÌj-\n-se- p¶ ]e-cp-tSbpw Pohn-X-¯nsâ mK-am-Wv.

F\n¡v C¯sb HmÀ¡m\pw Xmc-Xayw sN¿m-\p-ap-Å-XmWv I\Imw-_cw. ]q¡Ä \nd-bp-t¼mÄAXnsâ ap¶nÂ sN¶p-\nÂ¡p-¶Xv kpJ-am-Wv.

\ntXy\ Ggp aWn-¡qÀ Xoh-n-bnÂ AsXmcpsNdnb Imcy-a-Ã. F\n¡v t]m¡-ä-Sn-¡msc ImÂa\-Ên-em-hp-sa-¶m-bn. A§-\s¯ ]e kwL-§fpv.Ah-cnÂ NneÀ Ft¶mSv kabw tNmZn-¡p-ItbmCt¸mÄ GXv tÌj-\mbn F¶v tNmZn-¡p-ItbmsN¿p-t¼mÄ Ad¸v tXm¶m-dp-v. XoÀ¨-bmbpw AhÀkm[m-cW a\p-jy-c-Ã.

hfª aq¡v, Npnsâ Akm-[m-cW \ndw, sNhnBtcm ]nSn¨v Xncp-½n-bm-se¶ hn[-apÅ Nph-¸v.C§s\ ]e Xc-¯nÂ Ah-À ap{Z-sh-bv¡-s¸-«n-«p-v.

Xnc-¡pÅ hn-bnÂ AhÀ \S- p¶ KqVm-tem-N-\-IÄ ASp- p-\n¶v tIÄ¡m³ Nne-t¸m-sgms¡F\n¡v Ah-kcw e`n-¨n-cp-¶p. _mKv s»bvUp-sh¨vIodp-¶Xv Rm³ t\cn«p In-«p-v. AsXms¡hnfn¨p ]d-bm³ ]mSn-sÃ¶v F\n-¡-dn-bmw. PohnXw\ne-\n-¶p-t]m-I-W-a-tÃm. C¶se asämcp ImgvNImWm-\n-S-bm-bn.

t]m¡-ä-Sn-¡m-cnÂ NneÀ thjw amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.s\än-bnÂIpdn, Imhn-h-kv{Xw, Imhn-sIm-smcp Xte-s¡«pw AhÀ aq¶p-t]À kwLw-tNÀ¶v I-t¸mÄF\n¡v BZyw Akz-ØX tXm¶n. Ah-cpsS apJ-¯n\v Ct¸mÄ h¶ amäw b-ap-f-hm-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv.]t£, ]ns¶ Rm³ k¦-ev]n-¨Xv GsX-¦nepw kocn-bÂ A`n-\-b- n-\pÅ thj-am-hp-sa-¶mWv jq«nMvs¹bvknÂ \n¶v A`n-\-bn-¡p¶ thj-¯nÂ NmSn- p-d-s¸-«p-t]m-cm³ ChÀs¡mcp aSn-bp-an-Ã?

C¶-es¯ ImgvN C§-s\-bm-bn-cp-¶p. \¶mbnhkv{Xw [cn¨ Hcp s]¬Ip«n Ah-cpsS Acn-In-eqsSBfp-IÄ hI-ªp-amän \S¶p \o§p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p,B Ip«n-bpsS _Ôp-¡Ä ASp¯ I¼mÀ«vsaântematäm Dm-bn-cp-¶n-cn-¡mw. sXsÃmcp IuXp-I-t¯msSCd§n \S-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p AhÄ.

B ]pXnb thj-¡m-cn-sem-cmÄ Ahsf tNÀ¯p]nSn-¨Xpw NpnÂ Npp-tNÀ¯Xpw Hcp-an¨v Ign-ªp. s]¬Ip«n Ad-t¸msS ]nd-tIm«v amdp-IbpwAe-dn-¡-c-bm-\mbn hm Xpd-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. iÐw]pd-¯p-h-¶n-Ã.

Sn¡äv ]cn-tim-[n-¡m-s\-¯nb tIm«pw kyq«p-an«HcmÄ Ah-cpsS ASp- p-IqsS \S-¶p-t]m-hp-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. Abmfpw Ahcpw X½nÂ Fs´-¦nepw kwkm-cn-¨n-«p-m-h-Ww. C¡m-cy-¯nÂ CS-s]-S-cpXv Ft¶matäm AhÀ hmin-]n-Sn-¨n-«p-m-h-Ww. DtZym-K-Ø³A\p-k-c-W-t¡Sv ImWn-¨n--cn-¡pw.

Ccp Imhn-h-kv{X-§Ä¡-I-¯p-\n¶v AhÀsNdnb iqe-§Ä ]pd-s¯-Sp- p. HXp-¡-apÅXpw]pXn-b-Xp-am-bn-cp¶p Ah. Bbp[w F¶p ]d-bm-\n-Ã.at\m-l-c-amb ImgvN-X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

Ah-cn-sem-cmÄ Abmsf Hma-\nbv¡pw hn[w BsNdnb iqew-sImv Xtem-Sn. ]ns¶ Abm-fpsSN¦n\v Ip¯n. tNmc s]m«n-¨m-Sn-. hmXnÂ¡Â\n¶vAbmÄ ]pd-t¯bv¡v hogp-Ibpw sNbvIp. CusNbvXn-IÄ¡v Aev]-k-a-bta thn-h-¶p-Åq.

C¶s¯ ]{X-¯nÂ AXn-s\- -än-bpÅ hmÀ¯-sbm¶pw In-Ã. Hcp-]t£ GsX-¦nepw Hcp-aq-e-bnÂB hmÀ¯-am\w InS-¸p-m-Ipw. {i²-bnÂs¸-Sm-¯-Xm-hmw.

I\-Imw-_cw Xsm-Snªpw hmSnbpw \nÂ¡p-¶p.C¶v Btcm AXns\ t{Zmln- n-«p-v. apdp-¡m³ Xp¸-teäv AXv A]-am-\n-X-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn«pv.BIm-i-¯p-\n¶v hncp-¶p-h-cm-dpÅ ]q¼m-ä-IÄ,Ct¸mÄ AXns\ h«-an«v ]d-¡p-¶n-Ã.

C¯ Fgp-Xnb hÀ¯-am-\-§Ä Ct¸mÄ ]pXnbcoXn-bnÂ Fsâ knc-I-fn-eqsS k©-cn-¡m³ XpS-§n-bn-«p-v. Hcp \oe shfn¨w Xe-bv¡-I¯v Xfw-sI«n\nÂ¸p-v. bm{X-¡n-S-bn-Â Rm³ A]-cn-Nn-X-cnÂ \n¶vHgn-ªp-am-dp-¶p. sdbnÂth tÌj-\nÂ apg-§p¶ap¶-dn-bn-¸p-IÄ IrXy-ambn ]men-¡p-¶p. Bfp-Isfkwi-b-t¯msS ho£n-¡p-¶Xv ioe-ambn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¯-bpsS AkpJw Fs¶bpw ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bm-h-Ww.


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ZymÀ°nIfpw, A²ym-]-Icpw kvIqfn-\-I-t¯¡v tNt¡-dn-¡-gnª ka-b- m-bn-cp¶p Iogv¡p-f-§c A§mSnbpsS s\©-t¯-¡v, AhnS¯p-ImÀ¡v A]-cn-Nn-X-\mbHcmÄ aª-\n-d-¯n-epÅ \mt\m Imdp-ambnh¶Xv Imdnsâ apI-fnÂ D -`m-jn-Wn-bpw,s\än-bnÂ "e¡n-ÌmÀ' tem«-dn-sb¶p Xnf-§p¶ Ìn¡dpw Dm-bn-cp-¶p. ssa¡n-eqsS]pd-t¯-s¡m-gp-Inb A\u¬kvsaân\vA§mSn sam¯w ImXp-IqÀ¸n-s¨-¦nepwA§m-Sn-bnse Øncw tem«dn hnÂ¸-\-¡m-cmb A_vZp-hn-t\bpw, i¦-c-t\-bpw, tPmWn-¡p-«n-tbbpw AXv A£-cmÀ°-¯nÂsR«n-¨p.

Izmdn ]Wn-¡m-c-\m-bn-cp¶p A_vZp. Hc-]-I-S-¯nÂs¸«v, he-t¯-¡mÂ ap«n\pIosg apdn¨pamä-s¸-«-Xns\ XpSÀ¶mWvGXm\pw hÀ-j-§-fmbn tem«dn hnev¸-\-bn-te¡v Xncn-ªX.v ssIsImv Xncn-¡m-hp¶ Hcp ap¨-{I-ssk-¡n-fnÂ ""{]hm-N-I³''F¶ Hcp t_mÀUpw h¨mWv A_vZptem«dn hnän-cp-¶-Xv. D½bpw, mcy-bpw, cps]¬a-¡fpapÅ A_vZp-hnsâ IpSpw_wCu hcp-am-\s¯ B{i-bn-¨mWv Ign-ªp-

Iq-Snb-Xv.sNdp¸w apXse Bkva tcmKn-bm-bn-cp¶ i¦-c³

asämcp ]Wnbpw \mfn-Xp-hsc sNbvXn-«n-Ã. IogvIp-f-§c A§m-Sn-bnse Gähpw ]g¡w sN¶ tem«dnhnÂ¸-\-¡m-c-\mbncp¶p AbmÄ. \mfn-Xp-hscAbmfpw PohnXw apt¶m«p sImp-t]m-bXv tem«dn-¡-¨hS¯m-em-bn-cp-¶p. AbmÄ¡pw mcybpw a¡fpwDm-bn-cp-¶p.

Iq«-¯nÂ Hä-¯-Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. tPmWn-¡p«n.AbmÄ¡v Znh-tk\ sshIp-t¶cw tkh-\-_m-dnÂ\n¶pw sh«n-cp-s¼¶ t]cn-epÅ hne-Ip-dª hntZ-i-aZyw AI- m-¡m\pw, aq¶p-t\cw A§m-Sn-bnseIpäq-¡m-c³ hdo-Xnsâ tlm«-enÂ\n¶pw £WwIgn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw, amk-¯nÂ Ht¶m ctm XhWXsâ Bk-àn-IÄ Hgp-¡n-I-f-bm³ \mS³ thiyX¦-a-Wn-bpsS AcnsI t]mIp-hm\pw tem«-dn-hnÂ¸\Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p B{i-bw.

A§m-Sn-bnse Hmt«m-dn£m t]«-bnse ]¯p-t]cpw \mt\m-Im-dn\p ]n¶mse IqSn. aq¶p ]e-N-c-¡p-I-S-¡mcpw, \mep tÌj-\-dn-þ- m³kn tjm¸p-Imcpw A¼nfn keq-Wnse apSn-sh-«p-Im-c³ \mcm-b-W\pw, cp tlm«-ep-Imcpw XpS§n A§m-Sn-bn-epÅkI-e-am-\-s]«n¡S-¡mÀ hsc \mt\m-Im-dns\kmIpXw ho£n¨p Cubn-sS-bmbn s]«n-I-S--¡mÀ¡v


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IY . tUm. ]n.-k-Pohv IpamÀ

hn

]pXnb GXp hml\w A§m-Sn-bnÂ, h¶mepw `b-am-Wv. ]m³, ]m³a-kme ]pI-bne DÂ¸-¶-§Ä XpS-§n-bh \ntcm-[n- -Xns\ XpSÀ¶v, Btcm-Ky-h-Ip¸pwt]meokpw IS-I-fnÂ sdbvUv \S- n-bn-cp-¶p. Nnes]«n-¡-S-¡mÀ Ct¸mgpw ]e DÂ¸-¶-§fpw cl-ky-ambn hnän-cp-¶p.

Imdn\v Npäpw IqSn \n¶-Nn-eÀ, \mfp XpS§nPmXIw hsc ASn-s¨-Sp-¯p. Ipd-¨p-Zqsc \n¶m-W-t{XAbm-fpsS hc-hv, bqk^v Gsd \mÄ {]hm-kn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. \m«nÂ Xncn-s -¯n-bn«v Hcp hÀj-am-bn. \m«nÂXs¶ Hcp tPmen Xc-s -Sp- -W-sa¶v IcpXn, tem«dnhnÂ¸-\-bn-te¡v Xncn-ª-XmWv. ]pXnb BfnsâAcnsI ]ecpw mKyw ]co-£n-¡m³ Xp\n-ªp. Ah-cpsS t]m¡-änÂ \n¶v tem«dn¡v ]Ww \ÂIp-¶XvØncw hnÂ¸-\-¡mÀ aq¶p-t]cpw Ip. Ah-cpsSDÅnÂ tZjyw Ae-b-Sn- p. X§Ä¡v e`n-t¡-n-bn-cp¶ I -h-Sw, AXm Hcp ]p¯³ Ipä-Im-c³ ASn-s -Sp-¡p-¶p. ""Chs\ Fń-\mt¸m C_-S¡v sI«n-sb-Sp-t¯. R½sâ Iªoev ]mä hogv¯m³. AÃm-s-´msâ Imc-¯qcv X§-sf. Chs\ Xpc-¯m³R½¡v Fs´-¦nepw hgo-m-hnsÃ'' A_vZp a\-ÊnÂ]-d-ªp.

At¶cw i¦-c³ Xsâ X«-Is¯ ssZhs¯Xr¸-t§ms« tXhsc hnfn-¨p, k¦Sap-WÀ¯n-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p. Hcp i{Xp kwlm-c-]q-Pbpw t\À¶p.tPmWn-¡p«n KohÀ¤o-kp-]p-Wy-hm-f-s\-bmWv hnfn- -Xv.Hcp IqSp sagp-Ip-Xncn cq]-¡q-Sn-\p-ap-¶nÂI¯n¡msa¶v t\À¨-bpw. AXn-\p-tijw \ne-\nÂ¸n-

\m-bpÅ ka-c-¯nsâ \ne-]m-Sp-X-d-bnÂ AhÀ aq¶p-t]cv Dd- p-\n-¶p.

Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw ]e-X-c-¯n-epÅ ]I-t]m-¡Â \S-]-Sn-IÄ XpS-§n. F«mw ¢mknÂ aq¶p-X-hW tXmäv,kvIqÄ ]T\-¯n\v hncm-a-an-«v, Ih-e-bnÂ Id-§n-\-S-¡p¶ cp{Zm-£\v ]¯p-cq] sImSp-¡m-sa¶v ]d-ªmWv HcmÄ bp²-apJw Xpd-¶-Xv.

A§-s\-bmWv Hcp Znhkw cp{Zm-£sâ ""Hm¸-td-j³ \mt\m-ImÀ'' F¶ ]cn-]mSn Ac-t§-dn-b-Xv. Xsâaª \mt\m-ImÀ tdmUnsâ Hcp-h-i¯v ]mÀ¡p-sN-bvXp, bqk^v DuWp-I-gn-¡m³ FXn-sc-bpÅ tlm«-enÂ t]mb ka-b- mWv IrXyw \S- m³ cp{Zm-£³Xnc-sª-Sp- -Xv. £Wtijw Hcp hnÂkv knK-cävI¯n¨v ]IpXn ]pI AI-t¯¡v hen-¨pw, ]IpXn]pI A´-co-£-¯n-te¡v DuXn-I-fªpw ckn¨vXncnsI h¶ bqk^v I-Xv, Xsâ \mt\m-Im-dnsâCS-t¯-h-i¯v s]bnâ v Cf-Inb \ne-bnÂ Hcp henbt]mdÂ BWv. AXp-I Abm-fpsS a\Êv ]nS-ªp. B t]mdÂ Abm-fpsS a\-ÊnÂ Bg-¯nÂ]Xn-ªp. ASp- pÅ Hmt«m-dn-£-¡m-tcmSpw aäpwCXv BcmWv sNbvXXv F¶v Bcm-ªq, F¶mÂAXv I-h-cmbn Bcpw Dm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXpsNbvX--h³ A{X¡pw kaÀ°-am-bmWv IrXyw\nÀÆln -Xv. A¶p ]n¶oSv tem«dn hnÂ¡m³AbmÄ¡v sXÃpw Xmev]cyw Dm-bn-Ã. k¦-S-t¯msS AbmÄ hml-\-hp-ambn Øewhn«p. AXn-\mÂ sshIp-t¶-cs¯ I¨hSw Øes¯ {][m-\n-IÄ am{X-ambn \S- n.


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ASp- -Zn-hkw bqk^v tem«dnhml-\-hp-ambn Ime-¯p-Xs¶ h¶p.AbmÄ km[m-cW ImÀ ]mÀ¡psN¿m-dpÅ Øe¯v HcmÄ ]mbhncn¨v Ccn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶pAt¸mÄ. AXn-\mÂ \mt\m ImÀsXÃp Zqsc amän \nÀ¯n.

]mb-bnÂ Ccn-¡p¶ BÄ Iodn-]-dnª jÀ«pw Nfn-]n-Sn¨ app-amWv[cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. PS-]n-Sn¨ \of³ apSn.\c¨ XmSnbpw aoibpw AbmÄ¡-cnsI Ipsd ]g-b-am-dm-¸p-IÄ.Iogv¡p-f-§-cbnse {`m´³, t]mfm-bn-cp¶p AXv.

bqk^v tem«dn A\u¬kvsaâ vXpS-§n-b-tXmsS {`m´³ Bt{Im-in-¡m³ XpS§n ""\nÀs¯-Sm, \mtb!\obm-cmSm ChnsSh-cm³'' {`m´s\ItXmsS thsd Bcpw B`mKt¯¡v h¶n-Ã. FÃm-hcpw hgn-amdn \S¶p. AXn-\mÂ bqk-^nsâA¶s¯ I¨hSw H¶pw Xs¶ \S-¶n-Ã. {`m´³ Xsâ Bt{Imiw XpS-cp-Ibpw CS-¡nsS Ak- y-§Ähnfn¨p ]d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. D -bm-b-t¸mÄ tPmWn-¡p«n Hcp s]mXn-t¨mdv{`m´\p sImSp- p. AXv Bcpw Adn-bm-sX-bmWvAbmÄ sImSp- -Xv. AXnse \S¶p t]mIp-I-bm-sW¶v mhn¨v, {`m´sâ ASps¯-¯n-b-t¸mÄs]mXn ssIam-dn.

\mep-aWn¡v Nmb IpSn v hcp-t¼mÄ bqk^vIXv {`m´³ Xsâ \mt\m-Im-dnsâ ]n¶nÂ\n¶vImdn-t·-te¡v aq{Xw Hgn-¡p-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-IAbmÄ {`m´s\ Xpdn-¨p-t\m-¡n. H¶pw ]d-bm-\pÅss[cyw AbmÄ¡p-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. C\n hÃ ItÃmatäm, FSp¯v Fdn-ªm-tem. AXn-\mÂ A[nIwkabw If-bmsX AbmÄ hml-\-sa-Sp- pØewhn«p. Abm-fpsS ]m¨nÂ I-t¸mÄ Zqsc-hnsStbm amªp \n¶n-cp¶ tPmWn-¡p«n s]m«n-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

Iogv¡p-f-§c A§m-Sn-bnÂ X\n¡v c£-bn-sÃ¶vbqk-^n\p tXm¶n. F¶mÂ s]s«¶v tXmäp-sIm-Sp-¡p-hm³ a\Êv k½-Xn-¡m-¯-Xn-\mÂ Xsâ hml-\hpw, A\u¬kv saâp-sams¡bmbn ASp¯Znhkw AbmÄ F¯n. asämcp Øe-¯mWv AbmÄ

hml\w ]mÀ¡v sNbvX-Xv. {`m´t\m atämAhnsS Dtm, F¶v AbmÄ kkq£vaw]cn-tim-[n-¨p.

]Xn-s\m-¶p-aWn ka-bw, \Ã-t]mseXSn¨ Idp¯ kv{Xo Abm-fpsS hml-\-¯n-\-Sp-t¯¡v h¶p. Xnf§p¶ kmcnbpw_vfukp-amWv AhÄ [cn-¨n-cp-¶-Xv. \ÃXSn¨ {]Ir-X-am-IbmÂ hb-dnsâ `mKwA\m-hr-X-am-bn-cp-¶p. hmen-s«-gp-Xnb hiy-X-bmÀ¶ I®p-IÄ, s\än-bnÂ h«-s¸m-«v,ap¡p- n, apdp--¡n- p-h¶ Npp-IÄ.bqk^v hnNm-cn- -Xv, AhÄ tem«dn Sn¡ävhm§m³h-¶-Xm-sW-¶mWv. AXn-\mÂAbmÄ Nncn-¨p sImmWv Ahsf kzoI-cn- -Xv. Imdn-\-Sp-t¯¡v h¶v, H¶pwanmsX AhÄ Gsd t\cw t\m¡n-\n-¶p. Ah-fpsS \mSy-§Ä I-t¸mÄ bqk-^n\v PmfyX tXm¶n. ""tO. \m«p-ImÀImÂ F´m tXm¶p-I. Chsf In«v\Ã e£Ww AÃ-tÃm.'' AbmÄ Bß-KXw sNbvXp. AhÄ Iptd-t\cw AhnsSXs¶ IpWp-§n-Ip-Wp§n \n¶p. AIseAhsf t\m¡n Ipsd-t]À \nÂ¡p-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ tem«-dn-hm-§p-hm³ Bcpwh¶n-Ã.

DuWp-I-gn-¡m³ tlm«-enÂ Ib-dn-b-t¸mÄ ]cn-N-b-an-Ãm¯ HcmÄ Abm-tfmSv ]dªp: ""Bims\ Ah-fpsS ASp¯v km[m-cW BÄ¡mÀ cm{Xn-bm-hp-t¼m-gmWv temlyw IqSmdv. C§fv ]«m]-IÂ Xs¶...sImÅmw.............''

Iogv¡p-f-§c A§m-Sn-bnse {]kn-²-amb sseKn-I-sXm-gn-em-fn-bm-bn-cp¶ at\m-a-Wn-bm-bn-cp-¶t{X Bkv{Xo. DuWp-I-gnªp Xncn-sI-h¶ bqk^v ]ns¶A\u¬kvsaâ v Hm^m-¡n. AbmÄ thKw XsâImdp-ambn Øew Imen-bm-¡n.

\mcm-b-Wsâ keq-WnÂ \n¶n-cp¶ i¦-c³DÅnÂ IpSp-IpsS Nncn-¨p. A¼Xp cq]-bmWv AbmÄat\m-a-Wn¡v \ÂIn-b-Xv.

Iogv¡p-f-§-c-bn-epw, AXn\Sp-¯pÅ A§m-Sn-I--fnepw ]nt¶ tem«dn I -h-S-¯n-\mbn bqk^nsâ\mt\m-ImÀ h¶n-Ã.


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(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-þmw kwØm\ kt½-f-\-t¯mSvA\p--_-Ôn¨p \S-¯nb Iem-þ-k-ln-Xy-a-Õ-c- nÂPoh-\-¡m-cpsS hn`m-K-¯nÂ H¶mw Øm\w t\SnbIY)


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IntroductionThe transport system in Kerala is one of the developedof such systems in India. However, due to the non-availability of efficient and convenient transport facili-ties, the people lack trust on the system as the presentsystem cannot provide them a full fledged and conve-nient passenger friendly atmosphere where they candepend up on. This paper tries to bring in to light someof the important features of public transport system inKerala and the deficiencies suffering by it and the con-sequent transit of the people in to the personalisedvehicles.

Present ScenarioTotal vehicle population in Kerala is 70.00 lakh. Vehiclepopulation is increasing by 25% in every year in mostof the districts in the state and 20% in backward dis-tricts. But, the notable feature is that the increase isonly the number of personalised vehicles instead ofincrease of the number of buses which constitute themajor part of public transport system in Kerala. Atpresent, the condition of public transport system inKerala is as follows:

§ Stage carriages: 14000§ KSRTC Vehicles:6000

Due to the continuous increase in price of fuel, there adecreasing tendency in the number of vehicles in pub-lic transport system. But as population is going on

ARTICLE: M.P. AJITH KUMAR

increasing, the public transport system cannot reachup to the level and lag behind due to the wide use ofpersonalised vehicles.Recently, in order to have control the over crowding inthe buses, seating capacity of Private Stage carriageshas reduced considerably resulting in the lack ofcomfortability to passengers. This in turn results inthe irritability among the passengers towards the pub-lic transport system and the buses.Insurance premium for buses have steadily increasedresulting in the decrease in the number of vehicles.Cost of having a bus increased and the owners whoare profit seekers than service providers turned downby cutting down the number of buses. This not onlycaused for the reduction in the income of government,


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but the accessibility of public in to the transport sys-tem have reduced significantly.The youth in Kerala are white collar job seekers. Theemployment availability in public transport sector, es-pecially in the private bus operating sector has steadilyincreased but unfortunately, the availability of drivershas decreased. Due to the non-availability of drivers,trips of private buses cut-down to minimum, especiallyin evening times. This throws light in to the fact thatattraction of youngsters in to the sector is diminish-ing.The parallel service in Kerala is in a non-ceasable posi-tion. Parallel Service Operation in nationalised roads ischarging fair equal or above to that of bus and it be-came part of the life of people. Wherever the publictransport system find it difficult to operate for the ben-efit of the public, the parallel trip operators are exploit-ing the chance and charging heavily for carrying pas-sengers from one place to the other.

* Bus fare is relatively higher in Kerala than that inKarnataka and Tamil Nadu.

* Most of the owners of private buses in Kerala are mar-ginal or nominal having one or two buses. They areignorant about cost saving techniques and methods.

Projection to 2020Vehicle Population will be 2.00 crore by 2020. It will bea world record. In this, 65% will be motor cycles as a

second hand two wheeler will now cost wages equal to10 days and it will be equal to wages of 5 days after 10year.

* Kerala will be the first state to have minimum people-vehicle ratio.

* As a costal area, road development will not be pos-sible in Kerala and existing roads will be hugely con-gested resulting in traffic block, accident etc.

* Economic Loss by accident: 2013?50,000 X 1,00,000 = 50,000,00,0002020? ? ?? 200,000,00,000

* Economic Los by income: An average of 20% of thewages earned by a labourer will cost for his vehicle perday.

* Economic Loss by pollution: In a verdict of theHigh Court of Kerala, it has been directed that a newvehicle on first time of registration should remit a taxequal to Rs.1.50 lakh toward the cost of pollution. Whenwe take in to consideration the verdict, we can assumethat the owner of a new vehicle should pay huge amountof tax towards the cost of pollution. If the person avoidstaking a new vehicle, the tax amount will be saved.

* Economic Loss by Infrastructure: When we considerthe cost of infrastructure cost for public transport sys-tem and that with the cost for a personalised vehicle,we can deduce that the amount invested for the con-struction of road and other related infrastructure will


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be very high. If the people made aware about the pub-lic transport system, the cost incurred on the develop-ment of infrastructure can be utilised to the maximumand the

* Opportunity cost of maintaining a personalised vehiclefor a family will be 20% of his wages. Opportunity costmeans the cost of the next best alternative that hasforegone. This implies that the cost that a person incurfor maintaining a car will be the cost that he can investfor a next best alternative, if he use the public transportsystem.

Measures and Suggestions

Policy measures

* A transport policy should be formulated.Objective: 10% increase of public transport system year.To this extent;Formulate and implement safe and economic transportfacility as to attain the notion of Right to mobility.

* Involvement of local bodies in the development of PTSwhich is about to start vigorously in Wayanad Districtafter getting approval in DPC

* Infrastructure: Safe and economic transport systemsand a fair and just transport facility to be availed topublic.

* Luxury transport services to be availed to public asthey desire.This will be an additional income source to the govt.

* Car & Bike Passengers are attracted to the buses.* An international/world standard criteria for pollution

which will bethat existing in the least polluted nation in the world.

* Night travelling will be encouraged thereby reductionin traffic block, saving energy and fuel.

* Campaign for use of PTS* Separate track for buses/PTS where traffic blocks where

traffic blocks will not be occurred and this will attractthe public and those who use the personalised ve-hicles.E.g.: A Municipality in Britain encouraging travellingin PTS by giving incentives.

* Fuel* Conversion into CNG for minimising pollution.* Green tax to vehicles in accordance with oldness.* This fund can be used to take-up measures to reduce

pollution, eg. CNG Conversion.* Collection of infrastructure fund along with vehicle tax

and the fund will be used for infrastructure in the con-cerned district itself.

* Being a tourist destination, a cess of 50ps may becharged as road safety cess and the fund can be usedto implement sophisticated road safety measures likeIntelligent Automated Enforcement system. Eg: Cess collected from luxury marriages are used tofinance marriage of poor girls.

* The of fund so collected will be a huge amount andcan be used for infrastructural development.

* Complete tax exemption for carriages in PTS (ordinaryservices only) and increase of tax by 10% to MotoCycles and personalised vehicles.

* The fund can be used for HRD by establishing sophis-ticated training centres for drivers in international stan-dard.

* R&D for KSRTC* PTS should be rooted among drivers and employees.

The awareness regarding benefits of PTS should be imparted to the

laymen in society.* Permit system* Permit system through bidding shall be introduced.

Those who quote the lowest be allowed the permit.* E.g. Thomas Isaac's policy of introducing system on

weigh bridges at Check posts* Due to the inefficient management and defective per-

mit policies, one stage carriage wastes Rs.1000/- perday.

* Up gradation of Bus stands in international standardso that access to passengers is safe. A 24x7 policeservice introduced.

* GPS may be installed in all buses, which will help thepeople to locate the bus from any where.


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138

h-c-hv- sN-e-hv- I-W-¡pw- Iu-¬-knÂ- sF-I-I-Wv-tT-\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p.-

Xp-SÀ-¶v- kw-Øm-\ Iu¬--knÂ- Aw-K§fp-sS lm-PÀ- hm-bn- v- 2013 se kw-Øm-\ Iu¬--knÂ \n-ehnÂ-h¶Xm-bn- P\dÂ- sk{I«dn- {]Jy-m-]n- p.- k.- ]n- Sn- am-[hsâ A[y-£XbnÂ \S¶ sXcsªSp- nÂ- ]p-Xn-b`m-chm-ln-Isfbp-w- sk{It«dn-bäv- Aw-K§sfbpw- kw-Øm-\ I½n-än-bw-K§sfbp-w- Hm-Un-äÀ- am-scbp-w- DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶ ]m-\e Iu¬-knÂ- sFII-Wv-tT\ Aw-Ko-Icn-¨p.-

ssh-In-«v- \-S-¶- {]-I-S-\w- sI.-Pn.-H.-F.-bp-sS- I-cp- pw-h-fÀ- -bpw- sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶- H-¶m-bn- {]-[m-\-am-bpw- C-Sp-¡n- Pn-Ãbpw- kao-] Pn-ÃIfpw- am-{Xw tI-{µo-I-cn- v- \-S-¶- {]-I-S-\-¯nÂ- \q-dp-I-W-¡n-\v- K-k-ä-Uv- Po-h-\-¡mÀ-]-s¦-Sp- p.- kÀ-¡mÀ- kÀ-Æo-kn-s\- X-IÀ-¡m-\p-Å- bp.-Un.-F- v.- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ- {i-a-§-sf- sN-dp- p-tXm-ev-]n-¡p--sa-¶pw- {]-Xn-tem-a- \-b-§Ä-s¡-Xn-sc- I-cp-¯p-ä- t]mÀ-ap-J-§Ä- XoÀ-¡p-sa-¶pw- {]-Jym-]n-¨p-sIm-v- \-S-¶- {]-I-S-\-¯nÂ- kw-Øm-\- t\-Xm-¡Ä- t\-Xr-Xzw- \Â-In.-h\n--XI-fp-sS- hÀ-²n- - km-¶n-²yw- {i-t²-b-am-bn.-

{]-I-S-\w- I-S-¶p-t]m-b- ho-Yn-I-fnÂ- hÀ-¤- _-lp-P-\-

ta-bv- 17þ-\v- cm-hn-se- 9.-30þ-\v- Fw- hm-kp-tZh³-\KdnÂ- (sXm-Sp-]p-g- Ir-jv-W-XoÀ-°w- Hm-Un-täm-dn-bw)--Im-kÀ-tKm-Uv- ap-XÂ- Xn-cp-h-\- -]p-cw- h-sc-bp-Å- hn-hn-[- Pn-Ã-I-fnÂ- \n-s¶- n-b- \q-dp-I-W-¡n-\v- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS- I-Wv-T-§-fnÂ- \n-¶p-bÀ-¶- B-th-i-I-c-am-b-ap-{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä-sIm-v- ap-J-cn-X-am-b- A- -co-£-¯nÂ- kw-km-Y-\- {]-kn-U-â v- k.-Sn.-sI.- kp-`m-jv- ]-Xm-I- D-bÀ- n-b-tXm-sS-bm-Wv-.-47þmw- kw-Øm-\- k-t½-f-\-

n-sâ- \-S-]-Sn-IÄ-¡v- Xp-S-¡-am-b-Xv.-


139

kw-L-S-\-I-fp-tS-bpw- kÀ-Æo-kv- kw-L-S-\-I-fp-tS-bpw- {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ- A-`n-hm-Zy-§-fÀ-¸n-¨p.- F-³.-Pn.-H.-bq-Wn-b-³,-sI.-F-kv.-Sn.-F.,- Un.-ssh.-F-^v.-sF.,- F-kv.-F-^v.sF.,- P-\m-[n-]-Xy-a-ln-fm- A-tÊm-kn-tb-j-³,- sI.-Fw.-kn.-F-kv.-bp.,- sI.-Pn.-F-³.-F.,- Aw-K³-hm-Un- Po-h\¡mÀ,- sIFkv-Fkv-]n-bp,- sI.-F-kv.-C.-_n.- hÀ-t¡-gv-kv- A-tÊm-kn-tb-j-³ Xp-S-§n-b- \n-c-h-[n- kw-L-S-\-I-fm-Wv- A-`n-hm-Zy-aÀ-¸n-¡m-s\- n-b-Xv.-

]-«-Ww- Np-än- sXm-Sp-]p-g- ap-\n-kn-¸Â- ssa-Xm-\n-bn-se-]n.-tKm-hn-µ- -Å- \-K-dnÂ- {]-I-S-\w- k-am-]n- - ti-jw- s]m-Xp- k-t½-f-\w- B-cw-`n- p.- \n-b-a-k-`m- {]-Xn-]-£- D-]-t\-Xm-hv- sIm-Sn-tb-cn- _m-e-Ir-jv-W-³ k-t½-f-\w- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- hn-I-kn-X- ap-X-em-fn-¯- cm-Py-§-fn-epw- \-S-¸m-¡n- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«- ]-¦m-fn-¯- s]-³j-³ ]-²-Xn- C-hn-sS- \-S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xv- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- s]-³j-³ Xp-I- X-«n-sb-Sp-¡m-³ tImÀ- -td-äp-IÄ-¡v- A-h-k-c-sam-cp-¡m-\m-sW-¶v- sIm-Sn-tb-cn- ]-d-ªp.- bp.-Un.-F-^v.- 2002þÂ- \-S-¸m-¡m-³ {i-an- v- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-«- ]-²-Xn-bm-Wv- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- A-ss\-Iy-s¯- Xp-SÀ-¶v- Ct¸mÄ- \-S- m-¡n-b-Xv.- kÀ-Æo-kv- ta-J-e-bn-se- Nn-e- kw-L-S-\-IÄ- ap-X-em-fn-¯- G-P-âp-am-cm-bn- {]-hÀ-¯n- -Xn-sâ- ^-e-am-Wn-Xv.- A-t±-lw-Iq-«n-t¨À-¯p. sI.-{]-Im-iv- _m-_p,- Fw.-FÂ.-F.- am-cm-b- am-Xyp.- Sn- tXm-a-kv,- F.-F.- A-ko-kv,- sI- sI- P-b-N-{µ-³ F-¶n-hÀ- {]-kw-Kn-¨p.- kzm-K-X-kw-Lw- sN-bÀ- t]-gv-k-¬- Fw.-]n.- ta-cn- kzm-K-X-hpw- P-\-dÂ- I-¬-ho-\À-sI-.- in-h-Ip-amÀ- \-µn-bpw- ]-d-ªp.- Xp-SÀ-¶v- s{]m-^.- h-k- -Ip-amÀ- kmw-_-in-h-sâ- "-B-bn-j-'- I-Ym-{]-kw-Kw- A-c-t§-dn.-

{]Xn-\n-[n- k-t½-f-\-¯n-sâ- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- 18þ-\v- cm-hn-se- 10 a-Wn-¡v- ap-³ hn-Zym-`ym-k- h-Ip- v- a-{ń- k.- Fw.-F.- t_-_n- \nÀ-Æ-ln-¨p.- hn-t\m-tZm-]m-[n-I-tf-bpw- I-fn-¡m-tc-bpw- I-t¼m-f- aq-e-[-\- kzm-[o-\-¯n-sâ- H-Sp-hn-e-s¯- D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv- {In-¡-äv- Xm-cw- {io-im-s´-¶v- Fw.-F.- t_-_n- ]-d-ªp.- {io-im-ń-t\-¡mÄ- h-en-b- A-gn-a-Xn-¡m-cm-Wv- tI-{µ-a-{ń- ]-Z-hn-bn-ep-Å-Xv.- H-cp- e-£-¯n-sb-¬-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw- tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- IÂ-¡-cn-¸m-Sw- A-gn-a-Xn,- kv-s]-Iv-{Sw- A-gn-a-Xn- F-¶n-h-bn-eq-sS- A-hÀ- \m-Sn-s\- sIm-Å-b-Sn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.- tI-c-f- n-em-I-s«- kzm-{i-b-hn-Zym-`ym-k- ta-J-e-bnÂ- FÂ.-Un.-F- v.- kÀ-¡mÀ- sIm-p-h-¶- \n-b-{ -Ww- bp.-Un.-F- v.- C-Ãm-Xm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.--c-W-L-S-\- hn- m-h-\w- sN-bv-X-Xn-\pw- \nÀ-t±-in- -Xn-\pw- A-

¸p-dw- ASn-Øm-\X-e-¯nÂ- kmÀ-Æ-{Xn-I- ku-P-\y-hn-Zym-`ym-k-am-Wv- FÂ.-Un.-F- v.- kÀ-¡mÀ- \-S- n-em-¡n-b-Xv.- bp-Un-F^n-sâ P-\-hn-cp-²- \-S-]-Sn-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc- i-à-am-b-{]-Xn-tcm-[w- D-bÀ-¶p-h-tc--Xm-sW-¶v- Fw.-F.-t_-_n- ]-d-ªp.-

F.-{io-Ip-amÀ- (tI-c-f- F-³.-Pn.-H.-bq-Wn-b-³),- hn.-{io-Ip-amÀ- (tIm-¬-s^-U-td-j-³ Hm-^v- sk-³{SÂ- K-h-¬-sa-â v- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- B-â v- hÀ-t¡-gv-kv,- Fw.-jm-P-lm-³,-(sI.-F-kv.-Sn.-F.-)- Ip-cy-³ sk-_m-kv-äy-³ (tkm-WÂ- sk-{I-«-dn,- sI-F-kv-C-_n-H-F-),- sI- D-½-³ (P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn-sI-F-kv-C-F-),- sI- P-b-tZ-h-³ (P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn- sI-Fw-kn-F-kv-bp-),- F-kv- k-Xo-jv-_m-_p- (ssh-kv- {]-kn-U-

â v,- tIm-¬-s -U-td-j-³ Hm- v- bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än- Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- HmÀ-K-ss\-tk-j-³),- hn- _n- a-\pmp-amÀ- (P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn- ]n-F-kv-kn-C-bp-),- sI- Fw- tkm- n- (sk-{I-«-dn- sI-Pn-F-³F-),- BÀ- F-kv- k-t´m-jv-Ip-amÀ- (P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn- sI-FÂ-F-kv-F-kv-F-),- s{]m- .- Pn- cm-a-Zm-k-³ (ssh-kv- {]-kn-U-â v,- F-sI-Pn-kn-Sn-),- tUm.- sI- ]n- kp-Ip-am-c-³\m-bÀ- ({]-kn-U-â v- F-sI-]n-kn-Sn-F-),- sP- tam-l-³Ip-amÀ-(P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn,- sI-U-»n-bp-F-C-bp-)- F-¶n-h-cpw- D-Zv-Lm-S-\- k-t½-f-\- nÂ- {]-kw-Kn- p.- sI.-Pn.-H.-F.- kw-Øm-\- sk-{I-«-dn-tb-äv- Aw-Kw- s{]m- .- F.- kp-lr-¯v-Ip-amÀ-F-gp-Xn- s{]m- -kÀ- hn.-sI.-i-in-[-c-³ Nn-«-s -Sp- n-b- kzm-K-X-Km-\-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv- D-Zv-Lm-S-\-k-t½-f-\w- B-cw- n- -Xv.kw-Øm-\- ssh-kv- {]-kn-U-â v- tUm.- sI.-Sn.- {io-e-Xm-Ip-am-cn- c-à-km-£n- {]-ta-b-hpw- kw-Øm-\- sk-{I-«-dn- ]n.-kn.-c-ho-{µ-³ A-\p-tim-N-\- {]-ta-b-hpw- A-h-X-cn- n- p.- kzm-K-X- kw-Lw- sN-bÀ-t]-gv-k-¬- sI.-]n.- ta-cn- kzm-K-X-am-iw-kn- p.- I-¬-ho-\À- sI.-Fw.-cm-tP-{µ-{]-km-Zv- \-µn- tc-J-s -Sp- n.- 3 a-Wn-¡v- A-Jn-te- ym- kv-tä-äv- K-h-¬-sa-â v-Fw-t¹m-bo-kv- s^-U-td-j-³ P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn- BÀ.- ap-¯p-kp-µ-cw- {]- m-j-Ww- \-S- n.-

kmÀ-Æ-tZ-io-b- þ- tZ-io-b- kw- -h-hn-Im-k-§-sf- k-a-{K-am-bn- ]-cn-tim-[n-¨p-sIm-p-Å- kw-L-S-\m- {]-ta-bw- P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn-k.-sI.-in-h-Ip-amÀ- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p.- F-kv-k-c-kz-Xn,- F-kv- A-c-hn-µ-³,- F- _n-µp,- A-ÐpÄ-k-emw,-kn- sI- jn-_p,- Sn- D-kv-am-³,- hn- sF- Xm-Pp-±o-³ A-l-½-Zv,- Sn- F- kp-[o-jv,- F- Fw- {io-Im-´v,- ]n- hn-P-b-Ip-am-c-³,-sI- _m-_p-cm-Pv,- sI- Fw- ]-hn-{X-³,- hn- hn-P-b-Ip-amÀ,-kn- Fw- kp-\nÂ-Ip-amÀ,- sI- c-ho-{µ-³ F-¶n-hÀ- NÀ- -bnÂ- ]-s¦-Sp- p.- P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn-bp-sS- a-dp-]-Sn-¡p-ti-jw- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- k-t½-f-\w- sF-I-I-Wv-tT-\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p.-

kw-Øm-\ h\n-Xm- k_v-I½n-än- cq-]o-IcW \nÀ-t±iw-tUm.- sI Sn- {io-eX AhXcn-¸n-¨p.- 63 Aw-K h\n-Xm-k_v-I½n-än-¡v- kt½f\w- cq-]w- \Â-In.- 18þ-\v- ssh-In-«v-6 a-Wn-¡v- \-jv-S-am-Ip-¶- \-thm-°m-\- aq-ey-§Ä- F-¶-hn-j-b-s¯- A-[n-I-cn-¨p-sIm-p- \-S-¶- km-kv-¡m-cn-I-k-t½-f-\w- a-e-bm-f- n-sâ- {]n-b-s -«- I-hn- k.-G-gm-t -cn- cm-a-N-{µ-³ D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- `q-X-Im-e-¯n-sâ- \-·-IÄ- HmÀ-s¯-Sp-¡m-³ I-gn-bm-¯- AÂ-jn-ta-gv-kv- tcm-Kn-I-fm-bn- tI-c-f- k-aq-lw- am-dp-I-bm-sW-¶v- A-t±-lw- ]-d-ªp.- ]p-Xn-b- X-e-ap-d- b-{´- \m-K-co-I-X-bp-sS- B-kp-c-k- -Xn-I-fm-bn- am-dp-I-bm-Wv.- A-\m-Y- kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS- A-gp-In-b- P-U-§Ä- \n-d-bp-¶- ]p-Wy-\-Zn-I-fp-sS- \m-Sm-bn-`m-c-Xw- am-dp-I-bm-Wv.- a-lm-ßm-Km-Ôn-bpw- c-ho-{µ-\m-Y-Sm-tKm-dpw- I-b-dn-s¨-¶- \-thm-°m-\- \m-b-I-\m-b- {io-\m-cm-b-W- Kp-cp-hn-sâ- km-¶n-²y-¯n-em-Wv- tam-Un-sb- £-Wn-¡m-³ in-h-Kn-cn-bn-se- k-\ym-kn-amÀ-¡v- I-gn-bp-¶v.- C-Xp-sIm-m-Wv- \nÀ-½m-eyw- t]m-sem-cp- kn-\n-a- \nÀ-½n-¡m-³ I-gn-bm-¯-Xv.- \-½p-sS- \m-Sn-sâ- kmw-kv-Im-cn-I- a-Wv-U-ew- Np-cp-§n-t¸m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- G-gm-t -cn- ]-d-ªp.- ]p-tcm-K-a-\- I-em-km-ln-Xy-kw-Lw- kw-Øm-\- ssh-kv- {]-kn-U-â v- F-kv.-c-ta-i-³ A-²y-£-X- h-ln-¨p.- Fw.-BÀ-P-b-Ko-X- {]-kw-Kn-¨p.- F-kv.-F-Un-k-¬- kzm-K-X-am-iw-

kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ- P-\-hn-cp-²- \-b-§Ä-s¡-Xn-sc- A-Wn-tN-cp-I,- kmÀ-Æ-tZ-io-b- sXm-gn-em-fn- {]-t£m- -§Ä-¡v- I-cp-¯-]-I-cp-I,- hn-e-¡-b-äw- X-S-bp-I,- s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-W- kw-hn-[m-\w- kw-c-£n-¡p-I- Xp-S-§n-b- 40 {]-ta-b-§-fpw- k-t½-f-\w- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p.-

k-t½-f-\- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-sS- {I-U-³jyÂ- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- kw-Øm-\- sk-{I-t«-dn-b-äv- sa-¼À- Fw.-F.- e- o-^v- k-t½-f-\-¯nÂ- A-h-X-cn- n- p.-

kÀ-Æo-knÂ- \n-¶v- hn-c-an- - t\-Xm-¡-fm-b- sI.-BÀ.-cm-P-³,- _n.-k-Xn-Ip-am-cn,- ]n.-tkm-a-cm-P-³]n-Å,- sI.-hn.-cm-a-Ir-jv-W-³,- sI.-]-c-ta-iz-c-³,- a-¯m-bn- tbm-l-¶mÂ,-km-_p- A-e-Iv-kv,- ]n.-sI.-sse-e,- ]n.-c-ho-{µ-\m-Yv,- C.-sP.-kp-Zm-_o-ho- F-¶n-hÀ-¡v- k-t½-f-\-¯nÂ- h- v- lr-Zy-am-b- bm-{X-b-b- v- \Â-In.- 47 kw-Øm-\ kt½f\w- Ahn-kv-acWo-bam-b A\p- ham-¡n-b kw-Lm-SIcm-b kzm-KXkw-Lw- {]hÀ- IÀ-¡pw- Pn-Ãbn-se kw-LS\m- {]hÀ-¯IÀ-¡p-a lr-Zy-am-b \µn- Adn-bn-¨p-sIm-p-Å{]tabw- ]n- kn- cho-{µ³- AhXcn- n- Xv IctLm-jt¯m-sS {]Xn-\n-[n-IÄ- Aw-Ko-Icn-¨p.- {]-kn-U-â v- Sn.-sI.-kp-`m-jn-sâ- k-am-]-\- {]-kw-K-t¯m-sS- 5 a-Wn-¡v- k-t½-f-\w- k-am-]n-¨p.-

Sn.-sI.-kp-`m-jv,- tUm.- sI.-Sn.-{io-e-Xm-Ip-am-cn,- tUm.-sI.-F.-Zn-eo-]v,- tUm.- c-am-Ip-am-cn- F-¶n-h-c-S-§n-b- {]-ko-Un-b-am-Wv- k-t½-f-\- \-S-]-Sn-IÄ- \n-b-{ń- -Xv- sI.-in-h-Ip-amÀ,-]n.-kn.-c-ho-{µ-³,- Sn.-F-kv.-c-Lp-emÂ,- F-kv.-F-Un-k-¬,- tUm.- sI- Fw- Zn-eo-]v- (Ìn-b-dnw-Kv- I-½n-än-)- ]-kn-c-ho-{µ-³ (I-¬-ho-\À-),- F-kv- F-Un-k-³,- Sn- ]n- am-[-h-³,-s{]m-^.- F- kp-lr-Xv-Ip-amÀ,- tUm.- F-kv- BÀ- tam-l-\-N-{µ-³,- ]n- F-kv- kp-[o-jv-Ip-amÀ,- ({]-ta-bw-)- _n- k-Xn-Ip-am-cn- (I-¬-ho-\À-),- tXm-a-kv- Fw- ssh-Zy-³,- Sn- cm-[m-Ir-j-W-³ (an-\n-«v-kv-)- sI- t_-_n- kp-µÀ-cm-Pv- (I-¬-ho-\À-),- ]n- hn- Pn-³cm-Pv,- Fw- hn-iz-\m-Y-³,- F-³ j-¬-ap-J-Zm-kv,- tUm.- Pn- F-kv- a-[p- (ao-Un-b),- Fw- F- e- o-^v-(I-¬-ho-\À-),- tUm.- Fw- BÀ- ss_-Pp,- sI- ]n- k-enw-Ip-amÀ,- tUm.- sI- Sn- c-Pn-tam-³,- Sn- F-³ an-\n,- Fw- jm-P-lm-³ ,- sI- Zm-tam-Z-c-³,- ]n- sI- _m-_p-({I-U-³jyÂ-)- Xp-S-§n-b- hn-hn-[- k-_v-I-½n-än-I-fpw- k-t½-f-\- hn-P-b- n-\m-bn- {]-hÀ-¯n- p.-

tI-c-f- nÂ- G-ä-hpw- ]n-t¶m-¡w- \nÂ-¡p-¶- Pn-Ã-I-fn-sem-¶m-Wv- C-Sp-¡n.- `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-b- {]-tXy-I-X-IÄ-sIm-v- ssZ-\w-Zn-\- kw-L-S-\m- {]-hÀ- -\-¯n-\p-t]m-epw- A-Xy-[n-Iw- hn-j-aw- t\-cn-Sp-¶- Pn-Ã-I-fn-sem-¶m-Wn-Xv.- F-¶mÂ- C- -c-¯n-ep-Å- ]-cn-an-Xn-I-sf-bm-sI- A-Xn-Po-hn-¡m-\pw- 47þmw- kw-Øm-\- k-t½-f-\w- D-Öz-e-hn-P-b-am-¡m-\pw- sI.-]n.- ta-cn sN-bÀ- t]-gv-k-\m-b,-- hn-hn-[-kÀ-Æo-kv- t{S-Uv- bq-Wn-b-³ kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS- \q-dp-I-W-¡n-\v- {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ- A-Wn-\n-c-¶- kzm-K-X-kw-L-¯n-sâ-Nn-«-bm-b- {]-hÀ- -\-§Ä-¡v- I-gn-ªp.-

Pn-Ã-bn-se- hn-hn-[- {]-tZ-i-§-fn-em-bn- hn-hn-[- A-\p-_-Ô- ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ- k-t½-f-\-¯n-sâ- `m-K-am-bn- \-S-¶p.-am-Xr-Im- {]-th-i-\- ]-co-£,- h-\n-Xm- I-¬-sh-³j-³,- ssh-Zyq-Xn- þ K-Xm-K-X- ta-J-e-IÄ- kw-_-Ôn- - Hm-¸¬- t^m-d§Ä-,- CSp-¡n- ]m-t¡Pv- sk-an-\m-À--,- P-e-k- ,- sa-Un-¡Â-Iym-¼v,- Nn-{X-c-N-\m- a-Õ-cw,- B-Zn-hm-kn- Du-cv- k-µÀ-i-

kn- - N-S-§n-\v- tUm.- {io-e-Xm-Ip-am-cn- \-µn- tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n.- Xp-SÀ-¶v- Ip-a-fn- sh-Å-b-¡-Wn- ]-c-¼-cm-K-X- \r-¯-kw-Lw- ]-fn-b-\r-¯w- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p.-

19þ-\v- cm-hn-se- 10 a-Wn-¡v- kn.-sF.-Sn.-bp.- A-Jn-te-ý- {S-j-dÀ- k.- c-Rv-P-\- {Xn-X-e- t{S-Uv- bq-Wn-b-³ {]- m-j-Ww- \-S-¯n.- I-cp-¯p-Å-hÀ- am-{Xw- A-Xn-Po-hn- mÂ- a-Xn-sb-¶- Im-«p-\o-Xn-bm-Wv- ap-X-em-fn-¯-s¯- \-bn-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw- C-Xv- ]-cn-jv-Ir-X- k-aq-l- n-\v- A-\p-tbm-Py-a-sÃ-¶pw- A-hÀ- ]-d-ªp.-

11 a-Wn-¡v- \-h-en-_-dÂ- \-b-§-fpw- tI-c-f- hn-I-k-\-hpw- F-¶- hn-j-b-s - A-[n-I-cn- p-\-S-¶- sk-an-\mÀ- tUm.-sk-_m-Ìy-³ t]mÄ- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- B-IÀ-j-I-am-b- t]-cp-I-fnÂ- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p-sIm-v- s]m-Xp- k-aq-l-¯n-\p-Å- \n-b-{´-Ww- ]qÀ-®-am-bn- H-gn-hm-¡n- kzm-Im-cy-aq-e-[-\-¯n-\v- b-tY-jv-Sw- em-`w- hÀ-²n- n-¡m-\p-Å- {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fm-Wv- \-h-en-_-dÂ- \-b-§-fp-sS- `m-K-am-bn- \-S-¡p-¶-sX-¶v- tUm.- sk-_m-Ìy-³ t]mÄ- ]-d-ªp.- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ- km-¼-¯n-I- im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ- m-j-bnÂ-am-{Xw- kw-km-cn-¡p-I-bpw- C- y- B-tKm-f- km-¼-¯n-I-i-àn-bm-bn- h-f-cp-I-bm-sW-¶v- A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-t¼mÄ- cm-Py-¯v- km-¼-¯n-I- A-\p- -hpw- ]m-h-s -«-hÀ-¡p-Å- \o-Xn-\n-tj-[-hpw- ap-¼-t -¡m-fpw- Xo-{h-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv.- cm-Py-¯n-sâ- ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw- ]-W-b-s -Sp- p-¶-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- \-b-§Ä- hn-aÀ-i-\-]-c-am-bn- ]-Tn-¡p-I-bpw- P-\-§-sf- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-t¿--Xv- Cu- Im-e-L-«-¯n-sâ- B-h-iy-am-Wv.- A-t±-lw- HmÀ-½n-¸n-¨p.- s{]m-^.-kn.- c-ho-{µ-\m-Yv- Fw.-FÂ.-F.- A-²y-£-X- h-ln- p.-sI.-sI.- e-Xn-I- Fw-FÂ-F- kw-km-cn- p.- kw-Øm-\- sk-{I-«-dn- ]n.-kn.- c-ho-{µ-³ kzm-K-X-hpw- Sn.-F-kv.-c-Lp-emÂ-\-µn-bpw- ]-d-ªp.-

47þmw- kw-Øm-\- k-t½-f-\- kv-a-c-Wn-I- "-km-£n-'- k.-F-kv- cm-tP-{µ-³ Fw-FÂ-F- {]-Im-i-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- k.-sI- ]n- ta-cn- B-Zy-{]-Xn- G-äp-hm-§n.- k-t½-f-\- m-K-am-bn-\-S-¯n-b- B-Zn-hm-kn- Du-cv- k-µÀ-i-\- ]-cn-]m-Sn-bp-sS- \n-K-a-\- n-sâ- A-Sn-Øm-\- nÂ,- ap-S-§n-t¸m-b- hn-Zym- -bm-kw- Xp-S-cp-¶-Xn-\v- X-¿m-dm-b,-- aq-¶v- hn-ZymÀ-Yn-IÄ-¡p-Å-hy-àn-K-X- [-\-k-lm-bw- k.- F-kv- cm-tP-{µ-³ Fw-FÂ-F- hn-X-c-Ww- sN-bv-Xp.- k-t½-f-\- {]-Xn-\n-[n-I-fnÂ- \n-¶v-k-am-l-cn- - B-Zn-hm-knhn-I-k-\- ]n- p-Wm-\n-[n- P-\-dÂ-sk-{I-«-dn- tZ-hn-Ip-fw- Fw-FÂ-F-¡v- ssI-am-dn.- sI-Pn-H-F-bp-sS- N-cn-{X-¯n-se- H-cp- \m-gn-I-¡-Ãm-bn- Cu- k-µÀ-`w- Im-Wmw.- k-t½-f-\- tem-tKm- cq-]-IÂ-]-\- sN-bv-X-s_-¶n- C- bp,- am-Xr-Im- {]-th-i-\- ]-co-£m- hn-P-bn-IÄ,-I-em-km-ln-Xy- a-Õ-chn-P-bn-IÄ- F-¶n-hÀ-¡p-Å- D-]-lm-c-§Ä- k-½m-\n-¡-s¸-«p.-

A-Sp- - H-cp- hÀ-j-s¯- {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-sS- Zn-im-kq-N-I-am-b- ]-cn-]m-Sn- {]-ta-bw- kw-Øm-\- sk-{I-«-dn- Sn.-F-kv.-c-Lp-emÂ- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p. k-Po-h-am-b- NÀ- -IÄ-¡pw-P-\-dÂ- sk-{I-«-dn-bp-sS- a-dp-]-Sn-¡pw- ti-jw- "tI-{µþ- kw-Øm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-fp-sS- P-\-hn-cp-²- \-b-§Ä-s¡-Xn-sc-bp-Å- t]m-cm-«w- i-àn-s -Sp- p-I,- ]-¦m-fn-¯- s]-³j-³ ]n-³h-en-¡p-I,- i-¼-f- ]-cn-jv-I-c-W- \-S-]-Sn-IÄ- B-cw-`n-¡p-I'-- F-¶- ]-cn-]m-Sn-{]-ta-bw- k-t½-f-\w- sF-I-I-Wv-tT-\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p-.- ]-cn-]m-Sn-{]-ta-b- n-\v- ]p-d-ta- tI-{µ-


140

\w- Xp-S-§n-b- {i-t²-b-am-b- co-Xn-bnÂ- \-S-¯n-b- A-\p-_-Ô-]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.-

D-Å-S-¡w-sIm-pw- ]-¦m-fn-¯w-sIm-pw- D-bÀ-¶- \n-e-hm-cw- ]p-eÀ-¯n-b- k-t½-f-\-am-bn-cp-¶p.- 47þmw- kw-Øm-\-k-t½-f-\w.-- tI-{µ- þ kw-Øm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-Ifp-sS- P-\-hn-cp-²- \-b-§Ä-s¡-Xn-sc- hn-]p-


141

e-am-b- sN-dp-¯p-\n-ev-]v- kw-L-Sn-¸n- v-,- B-tKm-f- ap-e-[-\-i-àn-I-fp-sS- ]n- p-W-tbm-sS- \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶- km-¼-¯n-I- cm-jv-{So-b- \-b-§-sf- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm-³ k-t½-f-\w- B-lzm-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- P-\-§Ä-¡n-S-bnÂ- h-fÀ-¶p-h-cp-¶- sF-Iy-s¯- X-fÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-\pw- A-h-cp-sS- {]-t£m- -s¯- in-Yn-e-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw- km-[m-c-W- P-\-§-fnÂ- cq-V-aq-e-am-bn-«p-Å- Pm-Xn-a-X- Nn-´-I-sf- D-]-tbm-Kn- - Po-h-\-¡m-tc-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tf-bpw- n-¶n- n-¡m-\p-ap-Å- kw-L-Sn-X- \o-¡- n-s\-Xn-sc- Pm-K-cq-I-cm-Im-³ k-t½-f-\w-Po-h-\-¡m-tcm-Sv- B-h-iy-s¸-«p.-

\m-fn-Xp-h-sc-bp-Å- Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ- \n-¶pw- Xn-I-¨pw-

hy-Xy-Ø-am-bn- Po-h-\-¡m-cpw- A-²ym-]-I-cpw- I-Sp- - I-S-¶m-{I-a-W-§-sf- t\-cn-«p-sIm-n-cn-¡p-¶- A-h-k-c-¯n-em-Wv- sI.-Pn.-H.-bp-sS- 47þmw- kw-Øm-\- k-t½-f-\w- tNÀ-¶-Xv.- C- -c-sam-cp- km-l-N-cy-¯nÂ- tI-{µ- þ kw-Øm-\-kÀ-¡m-cp-Ifp-sS- P-\-hn-cp-²- \-b-§Ä-s¡-Xn-cm-b- sN-dp-¯p- \nÂ-]pw- t]m-cm-«-§-fp-sS- i-¼-f- ]-cn-jv-¡-c-W-a-S-¡p-ap-Å- B-\p-Iq-ey-§Ä- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\p-Å- m-hn- {]-t£m-`-§Ä-¡pw- Ir-Xy-am-b- Zn-im-t_m-[-hpw- I-cp-¯pw- ]-IÀ-¶p- \Â-Im-³ F-Ãm- AÀ-°- n-epw- k-lm-b-I-c-am-bn- kp-K-Ô-hn-f-I-fp-sS- \m-«nÂ- \-S-¶- Cu- kt½-f-\w.

þ sIPn-HF \yq-kv- kÀ-ho-kv-

s]mcpXn Pbn-¡m³ kJm-¡sf Blzm\wsN¿p¶ A`n-hm-Z-\-Km\w sI.-Pn.-H.F kwØm-\-k-t½-f-\-¯nsâ {]Xn-\n[n kt½-f-\-\-K-dnÂ DWÀ¯p-]m-«mbn Hgp-In- -c-¶p. kwØm-\-k-t½-f\w \S-¡p¶sXmSp-]pg IrjvW-XoÀ°w HmUn-täm-dn-b-¯nse\ndª kZ-ÊnÂ Kmb-I-kwLw ]mSnb al- mbPoh-\-kw-{Km-a-kw-Ko-X-¯nsâ hoNn-IÄ ]IÀ¶Xvka-c-Xo-£-W-XbpsS A\p- q-Xn-bp-sSbpw hnIm-c-a-Þ-e-§Ä.sI.-Pn.-H.F kwØm\ sk{I-«-dn-AwKw F. kplr-XvIp-amÀ cNn¨v s{]m^. sI. iin-[-c³ Nn«-s -Sp- nbKm\w hnhn[ ]ptcm-K-a-\-{]-Øm-\-§-fqsS {]hÀ -I-cmWv Ben-]n- -Xv. Kmb-I-kw-L-¯n\v Bem-]-\-an-Ihv]I-cm³ hn.-sI. iin-[-c³ t\cn-s«-¯p-Ibpw "Ah-\-h-\-Ã-]-c-¶p-am-{i-b-am-Ip-hm³ H¶n¨p ]mSp-hn³ sFIy-KoXw' F¶ ktµiw A\p-hm-N-I-cn-te¡v kw{I-an-¸n-¨ Km\w Bth-i-]qÀh-amWv {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw ]qtcm-K-a-\-{]-hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS {]hÀ¯-Icpw kzoI-cn- -Xv.DZvLm-S-\-k-t½-f-\-¯n\p Xsâ \m«p-Im-c³ IqSn-bmbhn.-sI.-i-in-[-cs\ Fw.F t__n BZ-cn-¡p-IbpwsNbvXp.


142

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tUm.- sI Sn- {io-eXIp-amcn-sshkv- {]kn-Uâ v-

tUm.- sI Fw- Zn-eo-]v--{SjdÀ-

Fkv- FUn-k³-sk{I«dn-

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kn.kptc-i³ tUm.-BÀ.-i-in-Ip-amÀ tUm.-Fw.-F.-\m-kÀ tUm.-hn.-c-a-Ip-am-cn

tUm.-kn.-kp-µ-tc-i³ Sn.-]n.-am-[-h³ Fw.-F.-e- o v ]n.-hn.-c-Xv\m-I-c³

s{]m^.F.-kp-lr-Xv Ip-amÀ tUm.- Fkv- BÀ- tam-l\N{µ³ sI t__n-kp-µÀ-cm-Pv

sI sI hn-Pb³ tagv-kn-¡p-«n- tPmÀ-Pv-

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hn.-Fw.-kp-\nÂ F³.-A-\nÂIp-amÀ kn.-A-\nÂ N{µ³ sI.-t__n sFkvIv Fkv.-_n-aÂtLm-jv _n.-_n-\p

tPmÀPvIp«n tP¡-_v sI.-Fw.-P-am-ep-±o³ sI.-P-b F³.-P-b-Ip-amÀ hn.-P-b-Ip-amÀ kn.-P-b-e-£van

Pb³ ]n.hnP-b³, tPmk v tPmÀPv tPmk v amfn-tb-¡Â sI.-Fw.-Ip-ªp-tam³ Ipcy³ tPm¬ Sn.-Pn.-Ip-cy³

sI.-a-c-¡mÀ Sn.-am-bm-h-Xn sI.-Fw.-ap-l-½-Zv ]n.-\m-cm-b-W³ Sn.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW³ kn._n.ssi-e-P

sI.-]n.-k-enw-Ip-amÀ sI.-sF.-k-enw Fw.-F³.-i-c-XvN-{µ-emÂ tUm.-sI.-sI.-jm-Pn F³.-j¬ap-J-Zm-kv tUm.-F-kv.-{io-Ip-amÀ

]n.-F-kv.-kp-[o-jvIp-amÀ tXmakv Fw sshZy³ tUm.-FÂ.-hn-P-b- m\p Sn.-]n.-Ko-hÀ¤okv ]n.-F-kv.-in-h-{]-kmZv tUm.-bp.-k-enÂ,-

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Pn.-D-jm-Ip-amcn sI.-F-kv.-{]o-X, _pjvd Fkv., {ioIe BÀ, im -Ip-amcn.kn.-Pn,(Xn-cp-h-\- -]pcw ku v) kpteJ djo-Zv, ]n.-{]-Im-in-\n, tUm.Fkn.Un tPmbn,-Pn.-F³ Ip-i-e-Ip-amcn, hn.-kp-ja (Xn-cp-h-\- -]pcw t\mÀ¯v), imcn Fw.-hn, tUm.-]n.-sI.-Nn-{X, F.-_n-µp, FÂ.-jo-e, (sIm-Ãw), ]n.-hn.-ssP-\-½, tUm.-knPn tkma-cm-P³, Sn.-tcJ, kn.-Fw.-C-µn-cm-tZhn (B-e-¸p-g), kpa.-F.-F-kv,- tUm.-Pn.-Aw-_n-Im-tZ-hn, Sn.-{io-Ip-amcn, jo\ cmP³ (]- -\w-Xn-«), {]oX.-Fw.-\m-bÀ, BÀ.-_n-\p,sPÊn tPmk^v, kn\n-tamÄ. sI.Pn (tIm-«-bw), Iym]vä³ jo_m chn, tUm.-sI.-F³.-tim- -\, ssje tKm]mÂ (C-Sp-¡n), tUm.-A-\nX Fw.-hn., Sn]n,-kn-_n,hn.-Pn.-D-am-tZ-hn, Bim chn, Fw.-F-kv.ssee (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw), ]n,-hn.-h-\P, Sn.-FÂ.-FÂkn, Pn.-D-jm-Ip-amcn, F.-k-c-kzXn (Xr-iqÀ), ]n.-F.-]-ß, sI.-Pn.-e-fn-Xmw-_n-I, tUm.-sI.-Sn.{iotZ-hn, tUm.-]n.-{io-tZhn (]m-e-¡m-Sv), Fw.-sI.-tZ-h-In,cP\n Fw.-sI, jo_ apwXmkv (a-e-¸p-dw), ]n.-Pn.-tKm-]n-I, sI.-Fw.-tIm-a-f-h-Ãn,sI.-X-¦-a-Wn, Sn.-b-timZ (tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv), kp`{Zm \mbÀ, Sn.-]n. tIma-f-h-Ãn, Sn.-tPymXn(h-b-\m-Sv), sI.-c-am-h-Xn, tUm.-sI.-kn-.hÂke, BÀ.-kp-[, ]n.-sI.-t__n do\(I-®qÀ), Un.-FÂ.-kp-a, F^v.-ta-gvkn, Fw.-Pn-{]-aof (Im-kÀtKm-Uv).

sI.-Fw.-cm-tP-{µ-{]-kmZv ]n.tIma-f³ Fw.-sI.-cm-P³ ]n.-hn.-Pn³cm-Pv FÂ.-tPm-k v hnP-b³ tUm.-F.-F³.-e-£van-{]- ,

hn.-]n.-In-c¬ kn.-k-Xy-Ip-amÀ Fw.kptcjv IpamÀ sI.-]n.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW³ Pn.{]-kmZv hn.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW³

Ipªn-a½p ]d-h- v sI.-k-Xo-i³ Pn.-hn-P-b-Ip-amÀ bp- kp-[m-Ic³ ]n- kp-lm-kn-\n C P\mÀ-±\³

tUm.- Fw- BÀ- ss_Pp Fw- hn-iz-\m-Y³ hn- Fkv- ao-cm-kp-aw tUm.- C Sn- _n-µp hn- F³- ]o-Xmw-_c³ sI kp-tcjv-Ip-amÀ

tUm.- _n- F³- jm-Pn

HmUn-äÀ-amÀ-: ]n- Fkv- jm-Pn-Ip-amÀ,- F³- Kn-cn-[c³-\m-bÀ-tdm_vk¬ F³.


153

Chilly freezing Line of ControlTwo Indian soldiers shot deadby Pakistan counterpartsA body even beheaded and mutilatedSimilar accusations from Pakistan soldiersPrecious human lives little value thereValues frozen with passionless life at high altitudeWhen billions of compatriotslive peacefully with their familieson either sides of LoCthousands of soldiers patrol day and nightdeprived of warmth of lovefrom their spouses and childrenHow their families long to meet themcounting down months and days!How these guardian angelsthirst for communion with their families!

How much of a country’s revenueallotted for its defence every year!Total money spent on defencecan wipe out poverty from the planet for everIs human species so belligerent and destructive?Aren’t the masses peace lovers,benevolent and compassionate?Why then such a huge wastefor defence unnecessary?Why create tension at the borders?A means to divert subjects’ attentionand muffle mass’ protest against corruption?

Poem . Prof. Dr. K. V. Dominic


154

{µ- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ- ]m-X- ]n-³Xp-SÀ-¶v- tImÀ- -td-äp-I-fp-sS- XmÂ-]-cyw- am-{Xw- kw-c-£n-¡p-¶- tI-c-f- n-se- bp.-Un.-F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- c-p-hÀ-jw-sIm-v- tI-c-f- n-sâ- k-a-kv-X- ta-J-e-I-fpw- X-IÀ-¯n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.-kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ- ]n-Sn- p-tI-Sp-sIm-v- h-cÄ- - Zp-cn-Xm-izm-k- {]-hÀ-¯-\w-t]m-epw- \-S-¯m-³ I-gn-bm-¯- kw-Øm-\-am-bn- tI-c-fw- am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv-.- Cu- K-h-¬-sa-ân-s\- A-[n-Im-c-¯nÂ- sIm-p-h-¶p-sh-¶v- A-h-Im-i-s -Sp-¶- F-³.-F-kv.-F-kv,- F-kv.-F-³.-Un.-]n- Xp-S-§n-b- km-ap-Zm-bn-I- kw-L-S-\-I-fpw- bp.-Un.-F-^n-se- ]-e- L-S-I- I-£n-I-fpw- kÀ-¡m-cn-s\-Xn-sc- ]-c-ky-am-bn- cw-K-¯p- h-cp-¶- Øn-Xn-bm-Wn-t¸m-gp-Å-Xv.- tI-c-f- n-se- P-\-§-sf- Cu- kÀ-¡mÀ- ]n-gn-bp-I-bm-Wv.- 3600 tIm-Sn-bp-sS-A-[n-I- \n-Ip-Xn- P-\-§-fp-sS- taÂ- A-Sn-t¨Â-¸n- - kÀ-¡mÀ- ssh-Zyp-Xn-NmÀ-Öv- hÀ-²-\-hn-eq-sS- 600 tIm-Sn-bp-sS- A-[n-I-_m-[y-X- A-Sn-t¨Â-¸n-¡m-\m-Wv- C-t¸mÄ- {i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.- P-\-§Ä-¡v- Np-cp-§n-b- sN-e-hnÂ-Ip-Sn-sh-Åw- e-`y-am-¡p-¶- hm-«À- A-tXm-dn-än-sb- X-IÀ-¯p-sIm-v- kz-Im-cy-I-¼-\n-sb- G-ev-¸n- v- Ip-Sn-sh-Åw- hn-X-c-Ww- hn-ev-]-\-bv-¡p- h-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wn-t¸mÄ.- bp.-Un.-F-^v- `-c-W-¯nÂ- kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v- \nÀ-`-b-am-bn- k-©-cn-¡m-³ t]m-epw- I-gn-bm-¯- kw-Øm-\-am-bn- tI-c-fw- am-dn.-{]m-b-]qÀ-¯n-bm-hm-¯- s]-¬-Ip-«n-IÄ- t]m-epw- ]o-U-\-¯n-\n-c-bm-hp-¶- kw-Øm-\-¯v- kv-{Xo-]o-U-\-tI-kp-I-fnÂ- t]m-eo-kp-ImÀ-X-s¶- {]-Xn-I-fm-Ip-¶- tI-kp-IÄ- hym-]-I-am-Wv.- hn-gn-ªw- lmÀ-_À,- I-®qÀ- hn-am-\-¯m-h-fw,- kv-amÀ-«v- kn-än,- ]m-e-¡m-Sv- tIm-¨v- ^m-Iv-S-dn,- tNÀ-¯-e-hm-K-¬- m-Iv-S-dn- Xp-S-§n- FÂ.-Un.-F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- Xp-S-¡w- Ip-dn- - ]-²-Xn-IÄ- t]m-epw- ap-t¶m-«p- sIm-p-s]m-Ip-¶-XnÂ- bp.-Un.-F-^v- ]qÀ-®- ]-cm-P-b-am-Wv.-


155

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156

tem-I-¯v- G-ä-hpw- Iq-Sp-XÂ- A-gn-a-Xn- \-S-¡p-¶- cm-Py-am-bn- C- y- am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- t_m-t^m-gv-kv- A-gn-a-Xn-64 tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ- a-³tam-l-³ knw-Kn-s\-Xn-sc- 1.-86e-£w- tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- IÂ-¡-cn- Ipw- -tIm-Ww,- 1.-76tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- 2 Pn- kv-s]-Iv-Sw- A-gn-a-Xn,- 373

¡p-¶Xv Poh-\-¡m-cpsS s]³j³XpI X«n-sb-Sp-¡m³tImÀ¸-td-äp-IÄ¡v Ah-k-c-sam-cp-¡m-\m-Wv.

Poh-\-¡msc \nb-an-¡m-Xn-cn-¡m-\mWv s]³j³{]mbw DbÀ¯p-¶-Xv. kÀÆo-kn-en-cn-¡p¶ ka-b-¯-ÃmsX D¯-c-hm-Zn¯w Gsä-Sp-¡m³ X¿m-d-sÃ¶ ktµ-i-amWv CXp \ÂIp-¶-Xv. ]¦m-fn¯ s]³j³ ]²Xn\S- m-¡nb cmPy-§-fnÂ {]Xn-kÔn a\-Ên-em¡n HSp-hnÂ ths¶p h¨p. bp.-Un.-F^v 2002 Â \S- m-¡m³{ian-¨Xv ]cm-P-b-s¸« ]²-Xn-bmWv Poh-\-¡m-cpsSAss\-Iy-s¯-¯p-SÀ¶v \S- m-¡n-b-Xv. kÀÆokv taJ-e-bnse Nne kwL-S-\-IÄ apX-em-fn¯ GPâp-am-cmbn{]hÀ¯n-¨-Xnsâ ê-am-Wn-Xv. 1967 se C.-Fw.-FkvkÀ¡m-cmWv Poh-\-¡mÀ¡v £ma-_¯ BZy-ambnA\p-h-Zn-¨-Xv. Hmtcm A©p-hÀjw IqSp-t¼mgpw i¼f]cn-jv¡-cWw sImp-h-¶Xv CS-Xp-]£ ]ptcm-K-a\kÀ¡m-cm-Wv.

DZm -c -hÂ¡-c -W-¯nsâ `mK-ambn Ìmäyq -«dn


157

F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- tIm-¬-{Sn-_yq-«-dn- s]-³j-³ ]-²-Xn- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- taÂ- A-Sn-t¨Â- n- n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- Cu- P-\-hn-cp-²- \-b-¯n-s\-Xn-sc- cm-Py-¯m-sI- cm-jv-{So-b- t`-Z-a-t\y- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS- tbm-Pn- - {]-t£m-`w- h-fÀ-¶p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.- Cu- km-l-N-cy-¯n-epw- tI-c-f- n-se- H-cp- hn-`m-Kw- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- kw-L-S-\-IÄ- tImÀ- -td-äv- G-P-âp-am-cm-bn- {]-hÀ-¯n- -Xn-sâ- ^-e-am-bm-Wv- 2002Â- \-S-¸m-¡m-³ I-gn-bm-sX- t]m-b- ]-¦m-fn-¯- s]-³j-³ ]-²-Xn- G-{]nÂ- 1 ap-XÂ- \-S-¸m-¡m-³ bp.-Un.-F- v- kÀ-¡m-cn-\v- k-lm-b-I-am-b-Xv.-

F-Ãm-ta-J-e-I-fn-epw- _-ZÂ- \-b-§-fp-bÀ-¯n- n-Sn- p-sIm-p-Å- tbm-Pn- - t]m-cm-«-§Ä- h-fÀ-¯n-s¡m-p-h-cp-¶-Xn-eq-sS- am-{X-ta- tI-{µ-þ-kw-Øm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-I-fp-sS- P-\-hn-cp-²- \-b-§-sf- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp- m-\pw- P-\-§Ä-¡v- {]-Xo-£- \Â-Im-\pw- I-gn-bq-.

]¦m-fn¯ s]³j³ ]²Xn Poh-\-¡m-cpsS

XpI X«n-sb-Sp-¡m³hnI-knX apX-em-fn¯ cmPy-§-fnÂ \S- m¡n ]cm-

P-b-s¸« ]¦m-fn¯ s]³j³ ]²Xn ChnsS \S- m-

tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- sl-en-tIm-]v-äÀ- A-gn-a-Xn- Xp-S-§n- 8e-£w- tIm-Sn-bn-e-[n-Iw- cq-]-bp-sS- A-gn-a-Xn-bm-Wv- C-t¸mÄ- ]p-d- p-h-¶n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.-{]-[m-\-a-{ń-X-s¶- A-gn-a-Xn-IÄ-¡v- ImÀ-½n-I-Xzw- h-ln-¡p-¶p.- Cu- A-gn-a-Xn- -Ww- G.-sF.-kn.-kn-bn-te-¡m-Wv- H-gp-In-sb- p-¶-Xv.- sX-c-sª-Sp- p-I-fnÂ- A-gn-a-Xn-bn-eq-sS- t\-Sn-b- tIm-Sn-¡-W-¡n-\v- cq-]- D-]-tbm-Kn- v- P-\m-[n-]-Xy-s¯-X-¶- A-«n-a-dn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-Wv- {i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.- tIm-¬-{K-kpw- _n.-sP.-]n-bpw- tImÀ- -td-äp-XmÂ-]-cy-§-sf-bm-Wv- kw-c-£n-¡p-¶-Xv.-

ap-X-em-fn-¯- cm-Py-§-fnÂ- h-fÀ-¶p-h-cp-¶- km-¼-¯n-I- {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bp-sS- m-cw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS-bpw- taÂ- A-Sn-t¨Â-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ- `m-K-am-bm-Wv- s]-³j-³ {]m-bw- hÀ-²n-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- s]-³j-³ ^-v- kz-Im-cy- ta-J-e-bv-¡v- ssI-am-dp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶-Xv.- hn-I-kn-X- cm-Py-§-fnÂ- s]-³j-³^-p-I-fm-sI- X-I-cp-¶- L-«-¯n-em-Wv- ]-¦m-fn-¯- s]-³j-³ ]-²-Xn- cm-Py-¯v- \-S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xv.- tImÀ- -td-äp-I-fp-sS- XmÂ-]-cy-§Ä- kw-c-£n-¡p-¶- \-b-¯n-sâ- m-K-am-bm-Wv- bp.-Un.-

s]³j³ k{¼-Zmbw A«n-a-dn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. \mSnsâk¼¯v h³In-S-¡m-cn-se-¯n-¡p¶ `c-W-am-Wn-t¸mÄ.2 Pn kvs{]Îw, IÂ¡cn tIma¬shÂ¯v sKbnw-kv,Un^³kv slen-t¡m-]vSÀ XpS-§nb CS-]m-Sp-I-fn-embnF«p e£w tImSn Agn-aXn \S-¶-t¸mÄ apń-b-]¦vtIm¬{Kkv BØm-\-s¯- n. Cu Agn-a-Xn- -W-amWvXnc-sª-Sp- nÂ thm«Àamsc kzm[o-\n-¡m³ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv.

FÃm taJ-e-bnepw tIc-fs¯ ]nt¶m-« -Sn¨D½³Nmn kÀ¡mÀ IpSn-sh-Åw -hsc ap«n- p. kzImcyIp-Sn-shÅ I¼-\n¡v hnX-c-W-¯n-\pÅ A[n-Imcw\ÂIp-¶-Xn-s\-Xnsc teJ-\-sa-gp-Xp¶ Fw.-]n. hotc-{µ-Ip-amÀ BßmÀ°-X-bp-s-¦nÂ kz´w ]mÀSn-bpsS{]Xn-\n-[nsb a{ń-k- -bnÂ \n¶v ]n³h-en-¡p-I-bmWvth-Xv. bp.-Un.-F^v A[n-Im-c-¯nÂ h¶-tijw 75Irjn-¡mÀ Bß-lXy sNbvXp. t]mj-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hp-aqew 35 Ip«n-I-fmWv A«-¸mSn taJ-e-bnÂ acn- -Xv. 34,000tImSn cq]-bpsS A[n-I-\n-IpXn tIcf P\-X-bnÂ ASn-t¨Â¸n¨ bp.-Un.-F^v kÀ¡mÀ FÂUn-F^v XpS-§n-h¨ hnI-k-\-t\-«-§sf XIÀs -dn-bp-I-bm-Wv.

1967 se C.-Fw.-Fkv kÀ¡m-cmWv Poh-\-

¡mÀ¡v £ma-_¯ BZy-ambn A\p-h-Zn-¨-

Xv. Hmtcm A©p-hÀjw IqSp-t¼mgpw

i¼f ]cn-jv¡-cWw sImp-h-¶Xv CS-Xp-

]£ ]ptcm-K-a\ kÀ¡m-cm-Wv.


158


159

-X-em-fn- - hy-h-Ø- F-Ãm- k-¼-¯n-sâ-bpw-aq-e-t{km-X-kp-I-fm-b- q-an-tb-bpw- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tf-bpw- Du-än- h-än-¨p-sIm-m-Wv- hn-I-kn-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw- kz-X-{ - I-t¼m-f-hy-h-Ø-ap-X-em-fn-¯- Nq-j-W-¯n-sâ- ]p-Xp- cq-]-am-sW-¶pw- ap-³ hn-Zym- ym-k- h-Ip- p-a-{ń- Fw.-F- t_-_n- ]-d-ªp.- sXm-Sp-]p-g-bnÂ- \-S-¶- tI-c-f- K-k-ä-Uv- Hm-ô-tk-gv-kv- A-tkm-kn-tb-j-³ 47þmw- kw-Øm-\- k-t½-f-\-¯n-sâ- {]-Xn-\n-[n- k-t½-f-\w- D-Zv-Lm-S-\w- sN-¿p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p- A-t±-lw.- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS-bpw- ZoÀ-L-Im-e- t]m-cm-«-§-fn-eq-sS- t\-Sn-b- s]-³j-\-S-¡-ap-Å-km-aq-ly- kp-c-£m- kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä- I-hÀ-s¶-Sp- p-sIm-m-Wv- ap-X-em-fn-¯w- hÀ- -am-\-Im-e- {]-Xn-k-Ôn- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.-

_-lp-`q-cn-]-£-s -bpw- Nq-j-Ww- sN-bv-Xv- sN-dn-sbm-cp- \yq-\-]-£-¯n-sâ- ssI-I-fn-te-¡v- k-¼- v- tI-{µo-I-cn-¡p-¶- A-ta-cn-¡-³ k-¼-Zv- hy-h-Ø- Nn-e- s]m-Sn-s¡-IÄ-sIm-v- Du-Xn- hoÀ- n- -Xn-sâ- m-K-am-bn- km-¼- n-I-ti-jn- C-Ãm-¯-hÀ-¡p-t]m-epw- h-³tXm-XnÂ- hm-bv-]-IÄ- \Â-In.- C-§-s\-bp-Å- h-fÀ- - im-iz-X-a-sÃ-¶v- A-ta-cn-¡-bp-sS-km-¼- n-I-am-µy- A-\p- -hw- sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶p.-ssk-{]-kn-ep-m-b- cq-£-am-b- km-¼-¯n-I- {]-Xn-k-Ôn- bq-tdm-¸n-s\-bm-sI- _m-[n-¨p.-

Im-bn-I- cw-K-s¯- tI-fo-X-Xz-§-fp-sS-bpw- aq-ey-§-fp-sS-bpw- {]-Xo-I-sa-¶v- I-cp-X-s¸-Sp-\-\- k- n-³ sS-âpÄ-¡-sd- t]m-epw- te-e-h-kv-Xp-hm-¡p-I-bm-Wv- Xp-d-¶- I-t¼m-f- hy-h-Ø.- C-Xn-sâ- C-c-bpw- Kp-W-t`m-Xv-Im-hp-am-Wv- {io-im-´v.- F-¶mÂ- {io-im-ń-t\-¡mÄ- h-en-b- A-gn-a-Xn-¡m-cm-b- F-{X-tbm-

Fw F t__n

{]`m-jWw

ap ]p-Ån-IÄ- C-t¸m-gpw- tI-{µ-Im-_n-\-änÂ- Xp-S-cp-I-bm-sW-¶v- a-d-¶p-t]m-I-cp-Xv.-

B-tKm-f-h-Xv-I-c-W-¯n-sâ- \o-Xn-im-kv-{Xw- am-[y-a-§-sf-bpw- _m-[n-¡p-¶p-v.- I-gn-ª- sX-c-sª-Sp- nÂ-c-v- Nm-\-ep-IÄ- bp.-Un.-F-^v- A-\p-Iq-e- {]-N-c-Ww-\-S-¯n-sb-¶v- sh-fn-s¸-«p.- am-[y-a- cw-K-s¯- aq-ey-t_m-[-ap-Å-h-cm-Wv- C-Xv- ]p-d- p-sIm-p-h-¶-Xv- F-¶-Xpw-A-`n-\-µ-µo-b-am-Wv.-

]-Xn-\m-ep- h-b-kp-h-sc-bp-Å- Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v- ku-P-\y-hpw- kmÀ-Æ-{Xn-I-hp-am-b- hn-Zym-`ym-k-sa-¶- -c-W-L-S-\-bn-se- \nÀ-t±-i-I-X-Xzw- C-¶v- au-en-Im-h-Im-i-am-bn-am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- C-Xn-\p- ap-¼p-X-s¶- C-S-Xp-]-£- kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ- tI-c-f- nÂ- C-Xv- {]m-hÀ-¯n-I-am-¡n.- bp-Un- F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- A-¬- F-bv-U-Uv- kv-Iq-fp-IÄ-hym-]n- n-¨p-sIm-v- -c-W-L-S-\m-ew-L-\-am-Wv- \-S- p-¶-Xv.- bp-Un-F-^v- kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ- hn-Zym-`ym-k- I-cmÀ- aq-ew- kzm-{i-b- F-©n-\o-b-dnw-Kv- Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡v- I-gn-ª- hÀ-jw- 22tIm-Sn- cq-]-bp-sS- A-[n-I-h-cp-am-\w- e-`n-s¨-¶v- \n-b-a-k- -bnÂ- \Â-In-b- I-W-¡v- hy-à-am-¡p-¶p.- tI-c-f- kÀ-¡mÀ- Ip-Sn-tb-ä-¡mÀ-¡v- ]-«-bw- \Â-Im-sX- ssI-t¿-ä-¡m-sc- kw-c-£n-¨p-h-cn-I-bm-Wv.-

A-h-Im-i-§-fpw- IÀ- -hy-§-fpw- X-½n-ep-Å- s]m-cp-¯w- kw-L-S-\-bnÂ- am-{X-a-Ã- k-aq-l- n-epw- {]-[m-\-am-sW-¶pw- Ip-Spw-_m-´-co-£-¯n-epw- P-\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-am-b- Po-hn-X-ssi-en- A-\p-hÀ-¯n-¡m-³ I-gn-tb--Xm-sW-¶pw- A-t±-lw- Po-h-\-¡m-sc- HmÀ-½n-¸n-¨p.-

"-]p-g-IÄ- Im-äv- h-gn-IÄ- ho-«p-sXm-Sn-IÄ- Ip-¶p-IÄ-

a-en-\-am-¡n-Sm-sX- \n-Xy-ap-d-hn-S-§-fnÂ-N-h-d-IÄ- thÀ-Xn-cn- v- th-sd-th-sd-bm-¡p-InÂ-Xp-S-§n-h-¨p- k-½m-fm-Zy- Np-h-Sp- `w-Kn-bnÂ-'-'-F-¶- A-\n-Xm-X-¼n-bp-sS- h-cn-IÄ- D-²-cn- v- ]-cn-

Øn-Xn- kw-c-£-W-¯n-sâ- {]m-[m-\yw- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS-{i-²-bnÂ-s¸-Sp- n-s¡m-m-Wv- A-t±-lw- {]-kw-Kw- A-h-km-\n- n- -Xv.-

cf¯nÂ- bp-Un-F^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- cp- hÀ-jw- Xn-I-¨p.- tIm-¬-{K-Êp-ImÀ-¡v- B-izm-kw- `m-hn-¡m-sa-¦n-epw- c-p-hÀ-j-am-bn- A-an-X-`m-cw- t]-dn- X-fÀ-¶- P-\-X- B-izm-k-\n-izm-k-§Ä-¡v- C-Sw- In-«m-sX- X-§-sf- h-©n- - kÀ-¡mÀ- ]p-Xn-b- G-Xp-X-cw- Nm-«-hm-dm-Wv- X-§Ä-s¡-Xn-sc- D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-³ t]m-Ip-¶-sX-¶v- -b-t¯m-sS- t\m-¡p-I-bm-Wv.- cm-Py-¯n-\m-sI- am-Xr-I-bm-b- tI-c-f- hn-I-k-\-s¯-]p-d-tIm-«-Sn- v- kz-Im-cy- I-¼-\n-IÄ-¡m-bn- \m-Sn-s³d- hn- -h-§-sf-Ãmw- Cu- kÀ-¡mÀ- Im-gv-N-h-¨p.-

a-tX-X-c-Xz-¯n-\v- ap-dn-th-ä- C- y-bp-sS- C-X-c- m-K-§-sf-t¸m-se-tI-c-f- n-epw- \yq-\-]-£- þ- `q-cn-]-£- hÀ-¤o-b- Xo-{h-hm-Z- {Kq-¸p-IÄ- i-àn-{]m-]n-¨p.- hn-Zym-`ym-k-s¯- hm-Wn-Py-hÂ-I-cn-¨- bp-Un-F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- C-t¸mÄ- B- ta-J-e-sb- ]- -]p-X-¸n-¨p.- kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-I-fp-sS- -c-W- nÂ- AÀ-l-X-bn-Ãm-¯-h-sc- hm-gn-¨p-sIm-pw-kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bp-sS- A-[o-\-X-bn-ep-Å- G-¡À- I-W-¡n-\v- h-cp-¶-`q-an- ap-Éow-eo-Kn-s³d- {]-am-Wn-amÀ- \-bn-¡p-¶- {S-kv-äp-I-fp-sS- t]-cnÂ- ]-Xn-s -Sp-¡p-hm-\p-Å- lo-\-am-b- {i-a-hpw- \-S-¯n.-

hy-h-km-b-h-Ip- n-s³d- Io-gn-ep-Å- C-³sIÂ- F-¶- kv-Ym-]-\-¯n-s³d- a-d-hnÂ- s]m-Xp-ta-J-em- kv-Ym-]-\-§-fp-sS- q-an- F-kv-tä-äv-am-^n-b-IÄ-¡v- ssI-h-i-s -Sp- p-hm-\pw- kÀ-¡mÀ- I-f-sam-cp-¡n.-A-[n-Im-c- hn-tI-{µo-I-c-W-s¯- i-àn-s -Sp- n- X-t±-i- kz-bw- -c-W- kv-Ym-]-\-§-sf- sa- -s -«- P-\m-[n-]-Xy- kw-hn-[m-\-am-¡n-b- tI-c-f-¯nÂ- {Km-a-hn-I-k-\-s - {Xn-X-e- ]-©m-b-¯p-I-fnÂ-\n-¶pw- ]-dn-s -Sp- v- ho-pw- {]-tXy-I- h-Ip-¸m-¡n.- ]-©m-b-¯v- -nÂ-\n-¶pw- h-Ip- v- a-{ń-bp-sS- ]n-Xm-hn-s³d- {S-kv-än-te-¡v- ]-Ww- H-gp-In.-cm-Py-¯n-\p- am-Xr-I-bm-b- Ip-Spw-_-{io- -v- tIm-¬-{K-kv- kv-t]m-¬-tkÀ-Uv- kw-L-S-\-bm-b- P-\-{io-bn-te-¡v- h-I-am-än- \Â-In.-

tI-c-f- n-s³d- s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-W-cw-Kw- C-¶v- G-sd- ZpÀ-_-e-am-bn.- A-cn,- ]-e-hy-Rv-P-\-§Ä- F-¶n-h-bv-s¡-Ãmw- hn-e- {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn- hÀ-[n-¨p.- bp-Un-F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- A-[n-Im-c-¯nÂ- h-cp-t¼mÄ-A-cn- hn-e- In-tem-bv-¡v- 14þ-16 cq-]-bm-bn-cp-¶-Xv- 35 cq-]-bn-e-[n-I-am-bn- D-bÀ-¶p.- ]-e-t¸m-gpw- A-cn- Hm-¸-¬- amÀ-¡-änÂ- In-«m-\n-Ãm-Xm-bn.- td-j-³ A-cn-bp-sS- hn-e-bpw- \n-tXym-]-tbm-K- km-[-\-§-fp-sS-hn-e-bpw- {I-am-Xo-X-am-bn- hÀ-[n- p.- kÀ-¡m-cn-s³d- I-t¼m-f- C-S-s]-


163

sI {]Im-iv-_m-_p-

{]`m-jWw

tI

SÂ- Xo-sc- C-Ãm-Xm-bn.- F-Ãm-än-\p-ap-]-cn- s]m-Xp-hn-X-c-W-cw-Kw- A-gn-a-Xn- Iq-¼m-c-§Ä-sIm-v- \n-d-ªp.- a-{ń-bp-sS- t]-cnÂ- X-s¶- H-¶n-e-[n-Iw- hn-Pn-e-³kv- tI-kp-IÄ- c-Pn-kv-äÀ- sN-¿-s¸-«p.-

tI-c-f-¯n-s³d- ImÀ-jn-I-ta-J-e- X-I-cp-I-bm-Wv.- FÂ-Un-F-^v- -c-W-Im-e-¯v- C-Ãm-Xm-b- IÀ-j-I- B-Xv-a-l-Xy-C-t¸mÄ- ho-pw- Xp-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- ImÀ-jn-I- hn-e-X-IÀ- -bpw- Im-em-h-kv-Ym- hy-Xn-bm-\-hpw- sIm-Sn-b-h-cÄ-¨-bpw- Cu- ta-J-e-sb- X-IÀ-¡p-I-bm-Wv.- C-Sp-¡n,- h-b-\m-Sv,-Ip-«-\m-Sv- ]m-t¡-Pp-IÄ- H-¶pw- Cu- kÀ-¡m-cn-\v- ]qÀ-®-am-bn- \-S-¸n-em-¡m-³ I-gn-bp-¶n-Ã.- ]p-Xn-b- tI-{µ- k-lm-bw- t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\pw- I-gn-bp-¶n-Ã.- {]-Jym-]-\-§-fp-sS-s]-cp-¼-d- ap-g-¡m-\-Ãm-sX- {In-bm-Xv-a-I-am-bn- H-¶pw- X-s¶-\-S- n-em-¡m-³ kÀ-¡mÀ- {i-an-¡p-¶n-Ã.-

]m-h-s -«- P-\-§-sf- k-lm-bn-¡p-¶- B-tcm-Ky- C-³jp-d-³kv- ]-²-Xn-bnÂ-\n-¶pw- s]m-Xp-ta-J-e-bn-ep-Å- bp-ssW-ä-Uv- C- ym- C-³jp-d-³kv- I-¼-\n- H-gn-hm-¡-s -«p.- _-lp-cm-jv-{S- Ip- -I- I-¼-\n-bm-b- dn-e-b-³kn-s\-bm-Wv- Cu-hÀ-jw- ap-XÂ- ]-²-Xn- GÂ-]n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.- ]-e- \-S-]-Sn-I-fp-sS- Ip-cp-¡nÂ-s -«v- B-tcm-Ky- C-³jp-d-³kv- ]-²-Xn-A-\n-iv-Nn-X-Xz- n-te-¡v- \o-§p-¶p.- tI-c-f- nÂ-\n-¶v- Xp-S- p-\o-¡-s¸-«- a-te-dn-b,- a-´v- Xp-S-§n-b- tcm-K-§Ä- C-t¸mÄ- Xn-cn-¨p-h-cp-¶p.- sU-¦n- -\n-bpw- F-en- -\n-bpw- a-äp-ssh-dÂ-¸-\n-I-fpw- A-Xn-s\- Xp-SÀ-¶p-Å- a-c-W-§-fpw- Xp-SÀ-¡-Y-bm-Ip-¶p.- B-Zn-hm-kn-ta-J-e-bnÂ- t]m-j-Im-lm-c-¡p-d-hp-sIm-p-t]m-epw- Cu- tI-c-f-¯nÂ- Ip-ªp-§Ä-a-cn-¡p-¶- A-h-kv-Y- ho-pw- D-m-Ip-¶p.-

tI-c-f-¯n-se- km-[m-c-W- P-\-§Ä- bm-{X-bv-¡v- B-{i-

bn-¡p-¶- sI-F-kv-BÀ-Sn-kn- _-Êp-IÄ- an-¡-hm-dpw- \n-c-¯n-en-d-¡m-sX-bm-bn.- tI-{µ- kÀ-¡mÀ- s]-t{SmÄ,- Uo-kÂ,-]m-N-I-hm-X-I- hn-e- hÀ-[n-¸n- -t¸mÄ- sI-F-kv-BÀ-Sn-kn-bpw- sd-bnÂ-sh-bpw- Uo-k-en-s³d- k-_v-kn-Un- ]qÀ-®-am-bn- H-gn-hm-¡n.- en-ä-dn-\v- 15 cq-]- h-sc- A-[n-Iw- \Â-tI--K-Xn-tI-Sn-te-¡v- sI-F-kv-BÀ-Sn-kn- F-¯n-b-t¸mÄ- {]-Xn-am-kw- tIm-Sn-¡-W-¡n-\v- cq-]-bp-sS- A-[n-I-_m-[y-X- sI-F-kv-BÀ-Sn-kn-¡v- D-m-bn.- AÂ-]w- B-izm-kw- \Â-In-b- ssl-t¡m-S-Xn- hn-[n- kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn- kv-tä- sN-bv-


164

Xp.- C-t¸mÄ- sI-F-kv-BÀ-Sn-kn- Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡v- i-¼-fw-\Â-Im-\pw- kv-s]-bÀ-]mÀ-Sv-kv- hm-§m-\pw- S-bÀ- hm-§m-\pw- I-gn-bm-¯- A-h-kv-Y-bm-Wv.- hn-c-an- - Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡v-s]-³j-³t]m-epw- \Â-Im-³ I-gn-bp-¶n-Ã.- kÀ-¡mÀ- _-kv- Hm-Sp-¶- dq-«p-IÄ- kz-Im-cy-_-kv- Hm- -td-äÀ-amÀ-¡v- \Â-In- am-{Xw- {]-iv-\w- ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-\m-Wv- kÀ-¡mÀ- {i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.-

ssh-Zyp-Xn-ta-J-e- G-sd- {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bn-em-Wv.- tI-{µ-ssh-Zyp-Xn- \n-b-aw- A-\p-k-cn- v- tI-c-f- C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-än- t_mÀ-

Un-s\- hn- -Pn-¡-W-sa-¶v- tI-{µw- B-hÀ- n-¨p- ]-d-bp-¶p-v.- sXm-gn-em-fn- bq-Wn-b-\p-I-fp-sS- \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ- hn-`-P-\- n-\-\p-Iq-e-a-Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm-v- am-{Xw- C-Xv- \o-p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv.- Po-h-\-¡m-sc-bpw- P-\-§-sf-bpw- ]p-Xn-b- {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bn-em-¡p-¶- Cu- Xo-cp-am-\w- C-\n-bpw- kÀ-¡mÀ-D-t]-£n-¨n-«n-Ã.- C-e-Iv-{Sn-kn-än- t_mÀ-Un-\v- 1300 tIm-Sn-cq-]- ]n-cn-ªp- In-«m-\p-Å-t¸mÄ- t_mÀ-Un-\p-m-Ip-¶-[-\-¡-½n- \n-I-¯m-s\-¶- t]-cnÂ- ssh-Zyp-Xn- NmÀ-Pv- A-Sn-¡-Sn- hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶p.- a-Wn-¡q-dp-IÄ- \o-fp-¶- ]-hÀ-I-«pw- tem-Uv-sj-Unw-Kpw- tI-c-f-¯nÂ- ho-pw-Xn-cn-¨p-sIm-p-h-¶-Xm-Wv- Cu- kÀ-¡m-cn-s³d- t\-«w.- F-¶n-«pw- km-[m-c-W-¡mÀ-¡v- Xm-§m-³ I-gn-bm- - \n-e-bnÂ-ssh-Zyp-Xn- NmÀ-Öv- F-Ãm-hÀ-j-hpw- Iq-«p-I-bpw- sN-¿p-¶p.- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- P-e-ssh-Zyp-X- ]-²-Xn-I-sf- B-{i-bn-¡m-sX- ku-tcmÀ-Ö- ]-²-Xn-IÄ- t]m-se-bp-Å- ]m-c-¼-tcy-X-c- DuÀ-Ö-t{km-X-Êp-I-sf- sI-F-kv-C-_n- B-{i-bn-¡p-¶-tX-bn-Ã.-

Ip-Sn-sh-Å- hn-X-c-W-¯n-ep-Å- G-I- s]m-Xp-ta-J-em-kv-Ym-]-\-am-b- tI-c-f- hm-«À- A-tXm-dn-än-sb- sh-Åm-\-bm-¡n- am-än.-P-\-§-fnÂ- \n-¶-I-än.- ss]- v- s]m-«-epw- ip-²-P-e-hn-X-c-Ww- ap-S-§-epw- \n-Xy-kw- -h-§-fm-bn- am-dn-¡-gn-ªp.-C-Xn-s³d- a-d-hnÂ- Ip-Sn-sh-Å- hn-X-c-W-¯n-\m-bn- kz-Im-cy- I-¼-\n- cq-]o-I-cn-¡m-³ kÀ-¡mÀ- Xo-cp-am-\n- p-I-gn-ªp.-51 i-X-am-\w- kz-Im-cy- Hm-l-cn-bp-Å- tI-c-f- {Unw-¦nw-Kv-hm-«À- I-¼-\n-¡m-bn-cn-¡pw- ip-²-P-ewhn-X-c-W-¯n-\p-Å-Np-a-X-e.- Hm-tcm- Xp-Ån- sh-Å- n-\pw- tI-c-f- n-se- P-\-§Ä- I-¼-\n-bp-sS- em-`w- Iq-Sn- I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯p-sIm-p-Å- o-a-am-b- hn-e- \Â-tI-n-h-cpw.- iz-kn-¡p-¶- hm-bp-hn-


165


166

\p-t]m-epw- hn-e- \Â-tI-p-¶- \n-e-bn-te-¡v- {]-Ir-Xn-bp-sS- h-c-Zm-\-§-sfbp -Un-F-^v - kÀ-¡mÀ- hnÂ- -\- -c-¡p-I-fm-¡n- am-än-s¡m-n-cn-¡p-¶p.-

tI-c-f- n-se- {Km-ao-W- k-¼-Zv-L-S-\-sb- X-IÀ-¡p-¶- \n-e-bnÂ- k-l-I-c-W- _m-¦p-I-fp-sS-{]-hÀ- -\w- X-S-Ê-s¸-Sp-¯m-³ Cu- kÀ-¡mÀ- I-f-sam-cp-¡n.- kÀ-¡mÀ-Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- s]-³j-³ A-h-Im-iw- H-cp- a-co-Nn-I-bm-¡n.- ]-¦m-fn-¯-s]-³j-³ ]-²-Xn- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS-taÂ- A-Sn -t¨Â-¸n-¨p.- F-aÀ-Pnw-Kv-tI-c-f -sb-¶- am-am-¦-¯nÂ- Iq-Sn- dn-bÂ- F-kv-tä-äv- DÄ-s -sS-bp-Å-am- n-bm- kw-L-§Ä-¡v-\m-Sn-s³d- hn-`-h-§Ä-sIm-Å-b-Sn-¡m-³ A-h-k-c-sam-cp-¡n.-

{]-Jym-]-\-§Ä-sIm-


167

pw- hm-Kv-Zm-\-§Ä-sIm-pw- P-\-§-sf- h-©n-¨- H-cp- kÀ-¡mÀ- c-p- hÀ-jw-tI-c-f- -c-W-¯nÂ- Xn-I-¨p- F-¶-Xv- P-\-hn-cp-²-am-bn- X-s¶- -c-Ww- Xp-S-cm-sa-¶- k-tµ-i-am-bn- ZpÀ-hym-Jym-\w- sN-¿m-\m-Wv- ap-Jy-a-{ń-bpw- Iq-«-cpw- {i-an-¡p-¶-Xv.- kÀ-¡m-cn-s³d- P-\-t{Zm-l- \-S-]-Sn-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc- D-Öz-e-am-b- P-\-Io-b- sN-dp-¯p-\nÂ-¸pw- {]-t£m-`-W-§-fpw- \m-Sn-s³d- \m-\m-`m-K- pw- ]-e-co-Xn-bnÂ- i-àn- {]m-]n-¨p- h-cn-I-bm-Wv.- Cu- `-c-W- \-S-]-Sn-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc- _-lp-P-\-§-sf- A-Wn-\n-c-¯n- Iq-Sp-XÂ- i-à-am-b- {]-t£m-`-W-§Ä-¡v- h-cpw-\m-fp-I-fnÂ- C-S-Xp-]-£- cm-jv-{So-b {]kv-Ym-\§Ä- t\Xr-Xzw- sIm-Sp-¡pw.-


168

F\n¡dnbmw¢mhp ]nSn¨ Hm«p ]{X-§ÄHmÀ½-I-fpsS \Sp- -f- nseKX-Ime NnÓ-§-fm-Wv,shfp-¸n-s¨-Sp-¡m³ ]mSp-s]-tSn hcpw]gb ]m«p-t]m-se-bm-hn-Ã,tI«-dn-hp-t]m-ep-an-Ãm¯ ISw IY-IÄI®p angn-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄCgªp hcp¶p`qX-Ime kvarXn-bpsS \qÂ¸m-e- n-eqsSHcp lcn-X-{KmawB{´mIvkv

sIm¼p-m-bn-cp¶paq¡p-I-b-dp-m-bn-cp¶pF¶n-«pw...........


169

Ihn-X . BâWn ap\n-bd

]Wn-s¸«p cà-sa-Sp¯p]¯-Sn-bm-g-¯nÂ Ipgn-¨n-«p.Ggmw \mÄI®n-Ãm-s¯mcp Igp-X-¡p-«n,cmb-¸³ s]«n-bn-eqsSapSń \o§p-¶p.AXnÀ¯n IS-¡-cp-Xv,Imän-eq-sSbpw ]ScpwC\n izmk-\n-izm-k-§-f-cp-Xv,amwk-s¯-¡p-dn-s¨m¶pw ]d-b-cp-Xv,\ma-¡-ÃnÂ IpdpIn\m«p-h-gn-I-fnÂ apSń{UÊp sN¿m³ t\cw,anm«w ap«n ]Xp-§p-¶p.k¦-S-P-·-§-fpsSt\À km£y-§Ä


170

´m-e-b-am-Ip¶ tIc-fs¯ a\p-jy-tI-{µo-Ir-X-amb ]pXnb kwkvIr-Xn-bn-te¡vssI]n-Sn¨p¶-bn¨v \thm-°m\ aqey-§ÄA]-N-bs¸Sp¶ ]pXnb Ime-¯nsâNn{Xw A\m-hrXam-¡-s¸«, \jvS-s¸«,\·-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v BIp-e-s¸-Sp -IbpwAhsb Xncn¨p sImp-h-cm-\pÅ ]cn-{i-a-§-fpsS A\n-hm-cyX HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿-Ww.

`qX-Im-e-¯nsâ \·-IÄ HmÀs¯-Sp-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ AÂjn-tagvkv tcmKn-I-fmbn tIcf kaqlw amdp-I-bm-Wv. ]pXnb

X-e-apd b{´-\m-K-cn -I-X-bpsS Bkpc k´-Xn-I-fmbnamdp-¶p. hniz-km-ln-Xy-Im-c-·msc kz´w IpS-Dw-_mw-K-§-embn I kwkv¡m-c-k-¼-¶-amb Hcp Xe-ap-d-¡m-cpsS hÀ¯-am-\-Ime Nn{X-am-Wn-Xv.

A\m-Y-kv{Xo-I-fpsS Agp-Inb PU-§Ä \nd-bp¶]pWy \Zn-I-fpsS \mSmbn `mcXw amdp-I-bm-Wv. alm-ßm-Km-Ônbpw cho-{µ-\m-Y-Sm-tKmdpw Ib-dn-s¨¶, \thm-°m\ \mb-I-\mb, {io\m-cm-bWKpcp-hnsâ k¶n-[n-bn-te¡v tamUnsb £Wn-¡m³ inh-Kncnbnse k\ym-kn-amÀ¡v Ign -bp -¶Xv CXp-sIm -m-Wv. \nÀameywt]msemcp kn\na \nÀan-¡m³ Ign-bm¯ hn[w \½psS\mSnsâ kmwkv¡m-cn-I-a-Þew Npcp-§n-t¸m-bn.

ae-bmfw `c-W-`m-j-bm-Ip¶Xns\bpw AXn\v¢mknIv ]Zhn e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\bpw AwKo-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄXs¶ AXn\pa¸pdw kw`-hn-t¡-Xv ae-bmfw lrZ-b-`m-j-bm-hp-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. a\p-jy\v kwkv¡mc hnthIwk½m-\n-¡p-¶Xv Ah-cpsS mj-bmWv.


171

Ggm--t¨cn cma-N-{µ³{]`m-jWw

{`m

cp-I-fnÂ \n¶v hmep-IÄ apdn-¨p-\o-¡-s¸« Ime-¯n\p ]Icw a\p-jy-in-c-kp-I-fnÂ PmXn-s¡m-¼p-IÄapf-bv¡p¶ Ime-¯mWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu sIm¼p-IÄ sIm¨p Ipªp-§-fpsS t]mepw lrZ-b-§Ä Iodn-ap-dn-¡p-¶p. C¶-se-I-fnÂ \n¶v apf- p-s]m- n-b-XmWv C¶nsâ imkv{Xw. AkwJyw tNmZy-§-fnÂ \n¶mWv \thm-°m-\-aq-ey-§Ä Dcp-¯n-cn-ª-Xv. kwkvIm-cw a\p-jysâ am{Xw khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. AXnsâ B´-cn-I-ku-µcyw tNmÀ¶p t]mhp-Ibpw henb hoSp-I-fnÂ Xma-kn-¡p¶ XoscsNdnb IpSp-_§-fmbn \mw Npcp-§n-t¸m-hp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. \·-bpsS ]p\x-Øm-]-\-¯n-eq-sStb\jvS-s¸« aqey-§sf \ap¡v Xncn-¨p-]n-Sn-¡m-\mhpw. AXn\v "kmd-¯-¯nsâ t]mg¯w' shSnªvHtc a\-kpÅ kJm-¡-fmbn amdm³ \ap¡v Ign-b-Ww.

Fkv. cta-i³jbp-sSbpw kwkv¡m-c-¯n-sâbpw \·-I-fn-te¡v ]pXnb Xe-apd Xncnªp \S-¶p-Xp-S-§p-¶p-sh-¶-Xnsâ kqN-I-§Ä ipt`mZmÀ¡-amWv. ae-bmfw ]Tn¨v amXr-`m-j-bnÂ ]co-£-sb-gpXnb Ip«n sFF-F-knÂ H¶mw Øm\-¡m-cn-bm-hp-¶Xv Cu Xncn-¨p-\-S-¡-ensâ \· sImm-Wv. BtKm-f-hÂ¡-c-W-¯nsâ PoÀW-kw-kvIr-Xn-Isf ]n³]-äp-¶-h-cÃ X§-sf¶v sXfn-bn-¡p¶ ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS kmwkv¡m-cnI t_m[w ]pXnb {]Xo-£-bmWv \ÂIp-¶-Xv.

`m

Fw.-BÀ. Pb-KoX

t]


172

im-ń-s\- A-d-Ìv- sN-bv-X-t¸m-gm-Wv- sF.-]n.-FÂ.-se- A-gn-a-Xn-bpw- H-¯p-I-fn-bpw- a-\-Ên-em-¡m-³ I-gn-bp-¶-Xv.- F-¶mÂ- cm-Py-¯v- tImÀ- -td-äp-I-fp-am-bn- tNÀ-¶p-Å- F-Ãm- H- p-I-fn-bp-sS-bpw- B-Nm-cy-³ {]-[m-\-a-{ń- a-³tam-l-³knw-Km-sW-¶pw- am-¨v- n-Iv-knw-Kv- \-S-¡p-¶-Xm-I-s«- A-ta-cn-¡-bn-ep-am-W.v- B-IÀ-j-I-am-b- t]-cp-I-fnÂ- A-h-X-cn- n- p-sIm-v- s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-¯n-\p-Å- \n-b-{´-Ww- ]qÀ-W-am-bn- H-gn-hm-¡n- kz-Im-cy- aq-e-[-\-¯n-\v- b-tY-jv-Sw- em-`w- hÀ-²n-¸n-¡m-\p-Å- {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fm-Wv- \-h-en-_-dÂ- \-b-§-fp-sS- m-K-am-bn- \-S-¡p-¶-Xv.- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ- km-¼-¯n-I- im-kv-{X-¯n-sâ- m-j-bnÂ- am-{Xw- kw-km-cn-¡p-I-bpw- C- y- B-tKm-f-km-¼-¯n-I- i-àn-bm-bn- h-f-cp-I-bm-sW-¶v- A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-I-bpw- sN-¿p-t¼mÄ- cm-Py- v- km-¼-¯n-I- A-´-c-hpw- ]m-h-s -«-hÀ-¡p-Å- \o-Xn-\n-tj-[-hpw- ap-s¼-¶-s¯-¡m-fpw- Xo-{h-am-Ip-I-bm-Wv.- cm-Py-¯n-sâ- ]-c-am-[n-Im-cw- ]-W-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶- -c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- \-b-§Ä- hn-aÀ-i-\-]-c-am-bn- ]-Tn-¡p-I-bpw- P-\-§-sf- ]-Tn-¸n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-t¿--Xv- Cu- Im-e-L-«- n-sâ- B-h-iy-am-W.v-

Cý-bnÂ G-sd- {]-IoÀ-¯n-¡-s¸-«- am-Xr-I-IÄ- kw-`m-h-\- sN-bv-X-kw-Øm-\-am-Wv- tI-c-fw.- F-¶mÂ- C-¶v- tI-{µ- \-b-§-sf- ]n-³]-än- tI-c-f- hn-I-k-\- am-Xr-I-IÄ- X-IÀ-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv.- tI-c-f-þ-X-an-gv-\m-Sv- \-Zo-P-e- XÀ-¡-¯nÂ- X-an-gv-\m-Sn-\v- A-\p-Iq-e-am-bn- Nn-e- am-[y-a-§Ä- \n-e-]m-Sp-IÄ- kzo-I-cn-¨p-sh-¶- C-â-en-P-³kv- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- ]p-d- p-h-¶p.- ap-Jy-a-{ń-Cu- dn-t¸mÀ-«nÂ- tJ-Zw- {]-I-Sn- n- p-sh-¦n-epw- C- -c-sam-cp- dn-t¸mÀ-«v- D-m-b-Xn-sâ- A-Sn-Øm-\w- F-s´-¶v- hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡m-³ X-¿m-dm-bn-«n-Ã.- hn-Pn-e-³kn-sâ- {]-hÀ- -\w- sX-äm-b- co-Xn-bn-em-tWm-sb-¶v- ap-Jy-a-{ń- hy-à-am-¡-Ww.- ]-c-ky-§-fn-eq-sS-bpw- a-äpw- tImÀ- -td-äp-I-fnÂ- \n-¶-S-¡w-h-³Xp-I- k-am-l-cn- v- A-h-sc- a-l-Xv-hÂ-¡-cn-¡p-¶- am-[y-a-§Ä- F-§-s\- P-\-§Ä-¡v- h-gn-Im-«n-bm-Ip-sa-¶- Im-cyw- h-f-sc- {]-k-à-amWv. tImÀ -tdäv Ip¯-I-Ifpw am[y-ap-X-em-fn-amcpw `c-Wm-[n-Im-c-Øcpw tNcp¶N§m¯ apX-em-fn-¯- nsâ {]tbm-àm-¡fpw {]Nm-c-I-cp-amWv C¶vcmPy- nsâ t\Xm-¡Ä. Chsc Xncn- -dnªv {]Xn-tcm-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ am{X-amWv H¯p-I-fn-bpsS BNm-cy-·m-cnÂ\n¶v hkvXp-X-I-fpsS temI-t¯¡v\ap¡v kzbw hntam-Nn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sm-\m-Ipw.

173

tUm. sk_m-Ìy³ t]mÄ

{]`m-jWw

{io

gn-seSp-¡p-¶hcp-sS {]Øm-\¯n-sâ m-Kam-bn- AWn-tNcp-¶,- kaq-l¯n-se D¶X hn-`m-K¯nÂ-s¸Sp-¶ KkäUv- Po-h\¡m-cp-sS{]Øm-\s¯ Cý³- sXm-gn-em-fn-hÀ-¤ {]Øm-\am-b kn-sFSn-bp-hn-sâ t]cnÂ- A`n-hm-Z\w- sN¿p-¶p.- sXm-gn-ehIm-iw- kw-c£n-¡m-\p-Å t]m-cm-«¯nÂ- AWn-tNÀ-¶p-\nÂ-¡m³- Ign-bp-¶,- t\Xr-Xzw- \Â-Ip-¶ kw-LS\sb¶ \n-ebv-¡v- A`n-\µn-¡p-¶p.- H¸w- Nn-e {]kàam-b Im-cy-§Ä- {i²bnÂ-s¸Sp-¯p-¶p.-

kÀ-¡mÀ- kÀ-Æo-kv- h-en-b-tXm-XnÂ- kz-Im-cy-hÂ-¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.-kp-c-£n-X-sa-¶v- I-cp-X-s¸-«- hn-`m-K-§-fp-sS-t]m-epw- \n-e-\nÂ-]v- C-Ãm-Xm-Ip-¶p.- sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§Ä- ]p-dw-I-cmÀ- hÂ-¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.- tk-h-\-h-Ip-¸p-I-fp-sS- Øm-\-¯v- k-am-´-c- an-j-\p-IÄ,- k-¶-²- kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä- hy-h-Øm-]n-X-am-Ip-¶p.- Øn-c-\n-b-a-\-§Ä- A-{]-Xy-£-am-Ip-¶p.- XmÂ-¡m-en-I-þ-I-cmÀ- tk-h-\- kw-hn-[m-\w- k-Ym-]n-X-am-Ip-¶p.- dn-«-bÀ-sN-¿p-¶-hÀ-¡v- ]-I-cw- ]p-Xn-b- \n-b-a-\-an-Ãm-Xm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.- t{S-Uv-bq-Wn-b-³þ-kw-L-S-\m- {]-hÀ-¯-\w-X-s¶- tNm-Zyw-sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶p.-

s{]m-^-j-WÂ- ta-J-e-bnÂ- tUm-ÎÀ,- F-©n-\o-bÀ- Xp-S-§n-b-hÀ.-


174

cRv-P\ \n-cp-e

{]`m-jWw

sXm-

sXm-gnÂ- D-d-¸p-Å-hÀ- F-¶v- I-cp-Xn-b-h-cp-sS- Im-cyw-t]m-epw- A-\n-Ýn-X-am-Ip-¶p.- ssh-Im-sX- `-c-W-Im-cy- \nÀ-Æ-l-W- hn-`m-K-s¯- Cu- A-c-£n-Xm-h-Ø- {K-kn-¡pw.- -c-W-Iq-S-XmÂ-]-cyw- aq-e-[-\- i-àn-I-fp-sS- XmÂ-]-cy- kw-c-£-W-am-bn- ]-cn-W-an-¡p-¶p.-

kzm-X-{ým-\- -cw- cm-{ãw- cq-]-s -Sp- n-b- t£-a-cm-{ã- k-¦Â-]-\-hpw- sXm-gn-em-fn- t£-a- \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw- d-±m-¡-s¸-Sp-I-tbm- ]-cm-P-b-s¸-Sp-I-tbm- sN-¿-s -Sp-¶p.- B-tKm-fo-I-c-W- [-\-aq-e-[-\- Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ- kÀ-¡mÀ- tk-h-\-ta-J-e-t]m-epw- kz-Im-cy-hÂ-¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.- I-t¼m-f-hÂ-¡-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.- A-kw-L-Sn-X-þ-A-hn-Z-Kv-[- sXm-gnÂ- ta-J-e-IÄ-Xn-I-ª- A-cm-P-I-Xz-¯n-te-¡v- \o-§p-¶p.- A-¦-³hm-Sn- Po-h-\-¡mÀ,- B-jm- {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ,- ]m-N-I-s¯m-gn-em-fn-IÄ,- KmÀ-ln-I- tPm-en-¡mÀ,- kz-bw-sXm-gnÂ- kw-cw- -IÀ- Xp-S-§n- h-\n-X-IÄ- K-Wy-am-bn- ]-s¦-Sp-¡p-¶- cw-K-§-sf-Ãmw- I-Sp- - sXm-gnÂ-\-ã- th-X-\-\-ã-þ-ò-j-Wn-IÄ- t\-cn-Sp-I-bm-Wv.-

tI-c-f-¯n-sâ- sXm-gnÂ-]-c-am-b- t\-«-§Ä,- FÂ-Un-F-^v- kÀ-¡mÀ- ap-t¶m-«p-h- - \-·-I-sf-Ãmw- bp-Un-F-^v- ]qÀ-®-am-bn- X-IÀ-¡p-I-bm-Wv.- ssh-c-\n-cym-X-\-_p-²n-tbm-sS- F-Ãm-¯n-s\-bpw- A-«n-a-dn-¡p-I-bm-Wv- C-hÀ- sN-¿p-¶-Xv.-

tI-{µ-þ-kw-Øm-\- kÀ-¡m-cp-IÄ- ]mÀ-e-sa-ân-s\-bpw- tIm-S-Xn-sb-bpw- A-gn-a-Xn- hÂ-¡-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.- A-gn-a-Xn-sb- hy-h-km-b-am-¡n- am-äp-I-bm-Wn-¶v.- cm-Py-s¯,- P-\-X-sb,- X-e-ap-d-I-sf- sIm-


175

Å-b-Sn-¡p-I-bm-Wn-hÀ.- C-Xn-s\- sN-dp-¡m-³ C-ý-¡m-sI- am-Xr-I-bm-tI--Xv- tI-c-f- n-se- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS- I-S-a-bm-Wv.- h-\n-X-IÄ- A-S-¡w,- s{]m-^-j-W-ep-IÄ- DÄ-s¸-sS- K-k-ä-Uv- Po-h-\-¡m-cpw- Cu- I-S-a- G-sd-Sp-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv- {]-Xo-£.-

sam-¯w- _m-[n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶- km-aq-ly-PoÀ-W-X-bpw- aq-ey-Nyp-Xn-bpw- Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS- ta-J-e-bn-epw- hym-]n-¡p-¶p.- h-\n-Xm- Po-h-\-¡m-tcm-Sp-Å- k-ao-]-\-¯n-en-Xv- {]-I-S-am-Wv.- I-¿q-¡p-Å-hÀ- \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-I-b-sb-¶-;- i-à-³ A-Xn-Po-hn-¡p-I- F-¶- Im-«p-\o-Xn- \-S- m-¡m-\m-Wv- C-t¸mÄ-A-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS- {i-aw.- ZpÀ-_-eÀ,- \n-cm-{i-bÀ,-Nq-jn-XÀ- F-Ãmw- Xn-c-kv-Ir-X-am-Ip-¶- km-aq-lym-h-Ø-bm-Wv- kw-Pm-X-am-Ip-¶-Xv.-

a-X-hpw- cm-{ão-b-hpw- Iq-«n-¡p-g-bv-¡p-¶,- k-Zm-Nm-c- s]m-eo-kpÄ-s¸-sS- A-Xn-{I-a-§-sf- Xm-tem-en-¡p-¶,- an-{i-hn-hm-l-hpw- a-X-\n-c-t]-£- k-aq-l-_-Ô-§Ä- A-«n-a-dn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶- Øn-Xn-h-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p.- yq-UÂ- h-tc-Wy- kw-kv-Im-c-hpw- ho-£-W-hpw- ]p-\x-Øm-]n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.- kv-{Xo-]p-cp-j- _-Ô-§-sf,- th-j-sb,- `m-j-sb,- sXm-gn-en-s\- F-Ãmw- C-Xv- _m-[n-¡p-¶p.- kÀ-¤- kr-ãn-I-sf-t¸m-epw- A-hÀ- \n-b-{ń-¡p-¶p.- C- -c-sam-cp- A-[-:-]-Xn- - Øn-Xn-bnÂ-\n-¶v- \-ap-¡v- hn-tam-Nn-X-am-Im-³ I-gn-bp-I- sF-Iy-t¯m-sS-bp-Å- I-cp-¯p-ä- t]m-cm-«-¯n-eq-sS- am-{X-am-sW-¶v- HmÀ-½-s¸-Sp-¯-s«.-


176

I- pmIp¶ km¼- nI amµy-¯nsâ BZy Cc-I-fmWv sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw Poh-\-¡mcpw.

km¼- nI amµys¯ XpSÀ¶v sF.Fw F^pw temI-_m¦pw]e ]cn-lm-c-amÀ¤-§fpw \nÀt±-in-s¨-¦nepw sXmgn-en-Ãmbva cq£-ambnhÀ²n-¨p. hne-¡-b-ähpw i¼f timj-Whpw Dm-bn. sXmgnseSp¡p-¶-hÀ hym]-I-ambn ka-c-¯nÂ h¶p. hmÄkv{Soäv {]t£m`w AhnsSam{Xw HXp-§n-bn-Ã.

tI{µ-kÀ¡mÀ Hmlcn hnä-gn-¡epw hntZi {]Xy£ \nt£-]hpwIqSp-XÂ XzcnXs¸Sp- n. CXns\ sXmgn-em-fn-hÀ¤w cmjv{Sobw ad¶vHä-s¡-«mbn t\cnSm³ X¿m-dm-bn. sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Bh-iy-§Ä hfscKuc-h-ambn ImWp-¶p-sh¶v {][m-\-a-{ń¡v ]d-tb-n-h-¶p. F¶mÂAh-iym-[n-jvTnX an\naw thX\w \S- n-em-¡p¶ Imcyw ]d-bp-¶n-Ã.tZio-b-X-e-¯nÂ "^vtfmÀ ehÂ an\naw thPkv' \S- n-em-¡p-sa¶v]d-bp-¶p-sh-¦nepw "enhnwKv thPkv' F¶Xv shdpw kz-]v\-ambncn¡pw.

Cý-bnÂ sXmgn-emfn hÀ¤- nsâ Dev]m-Z\ £aX hfsc DbÀ¶-Xm-Wv. 1980Â sXmgn-emfnIÄ¡v e`n-¨n-cp¶ sam¯w hnlnXw Pn.-Un.]nbpsS 30% Bbn-cp-¶p. C¶v CXv 9.4% ambn Ipd-ªp. AtX kabwapX-em-fn-am-cpsS em`w 56% ambn hÀ²n- p. ]e kwØm-\-§-fnepw ØncwtPmen-IÄ¡v ]Icw GP³kn-IÄ hgn IcmÀ tPmen-I-fmWv \S- n-em-¡p-¶Xv. H¶mw bp.-]n.F kÀ¡m-cnsâ Ime¯v CS-Xp-]-£-¯nsâk½À±-^-e-ambn ]¦m-fn¯ s]³j³ hym]-I-ambn \S-¸n-em-bn-Ã.F¶mÂ Ct¸mÄ F³.-Un.-F-bpsS klm-b-t¯msS ]n.-F- v.-BÀ.-Un.F_nÂ ]mÊm¡m\pÅ ]cn-{i-a- n-emWv cmw bp.-]n.F kÀ¡mÀ ]¦m-fn- -s]³j³ F¶Xv Poh-\-¡m-cpsS thX\w ]nSn- p-h-bv¡-em-Wv. CXn-s\-Xnsc ià-amb XpSÀ{]-t£m- -§Ä \S- -Ww. hne-¡-bäw sImv\«w Xncn-bp-t¼mÄ C¶v e`n-¡p¶ Iqen-s¡mv C¶se Pohn- -a-«n-se-¦nepw \msf Pohn-¡m-sa¶ C¶¯ hnizmkw XI-cp-I-bm-Wv.thebpw Iqenbpw CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶-Xp-hgn AXn-Po-h\ Ah-Imiw Xs¶XI-cp-I-bm-Wv. CXn-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ t]mcm-«-¯nse sFIyhpw AXn-s\m¸w sFIy-¯n-\m-bpÅ t]mcm-«hpw \mw XpSÀ¶p-sIm-tbn-cn-¡-Ww.


177

BÀ. ap¯p-kp-µcw

{]`m-jWw

tem


178

As¶m-cp-Im-ew-\mÂ-¸Xp-tIm-Sn- P\Xbv-¡m-bn-kz- w- \m-Sn³- [a\n-IÄ-tXm-dpw-tZikv-t\l Nm-ep-IÄ-Io-dn-]©\Zo-XS ]p-{X·mÀ-

kz- w- {]m-W\pw- càhp-taIn-Ahcp-sS ap-{Z Xe¸m-hnÂ-h³-Ictbgpw- hms-Wm-cp-h¼scsIm-¼p-ap-dn- p- `KXv-tk\

Cs¶m-cpIm-ew

P\m-[n-Im-çShp-IÄ-Xm-n-Adp-]¯©p-Ign-ªt¸mÄ-C{µ{]ØIq-Sm-c¯nÂ-ASn-bdhn-sâ Xe¸m-hv-

A[À-a]m-e\ ]Ùm-hnÂ-A[o-cþ\n-i_v-Z ta·bv-¡m-bn-A[o-ihm-gv¨ {]m- n-Sn-bÀ-I\n-ªp-\Â-In- s]m³-Xq-hÂ-[À-a[zw-k\ aq-Sp-]Sw-kNn-h·m-cmw- _nw-_§Ä-¡pw-kNn-thm- a cq-]§Ä-¡pw-]IÀ-¶p-\n-d¨v- A[n-Im-c¯WÂ-kl{ktIm-Sn-bgn-aXn-sbm-¶m-bn-\m-Sn³lr-¯nÂ- kn-cIÄ-tXm-dpw-Ip-¯n-sbm-gp-¡n- ]m-bv- t¸mÄ-]p-©n-cn-Xq-In- Xe¸m-hv-

\m-Sn³- -k¼t¯m-tcm¶m-bn-\q-dm-bvIo-dn- hnÂ-¡p-t¼m-gpw-I®pw-Im-Xpw- hm-bpw-aq-Sn-Xg¨p-hfÀ-¶p- Xe¸m-hv--


179

IhnX . sI Sn- cm-Po-hv-

\-¯p-s]-¿p¶ ag. B A½bpw a¡fpw apgp¸«n-Wn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. t\cw shfp-¯mepw ia-\-an-Ãm¯ ag ]I-en-t\bpw Gsd-¡psd \\¨pXoÀ¯p sImn-cp-¶p. P\-§Ä ]pd-¯n-d-§m-\m-hmsX Im¯p-sI«n¡nS¶p. hgn-h-¡nse Hgnª aqe-bnÂshdpw \ne¯v ac-¡¼pIfnÂ sI«n \nÀ¯nb Iodnb¹mÌnIv IhÀ taª IpSn-en-\p-ÅnÂ a¡sf Acn-InÂtNÀ¯n-cp-¯n, hnd¨p hnd§-en v B A½ Ip¯n-bn-cp-¶p.]gb km[-\-§Ä s]dp---¡n-hn-än-cp¶ AhÀ¡vsXmgnseSp¡m³ ]ämsX ag h«w-\n-¶p. \K-c-¯nse amen-\y-§Ä ag Hgp-¡n-\o¡n asäm-cn-S¯v sImp-sN-¶n-«p.AsXmcp ae-t]mse DbÀ¶p-h¶v shÅw XSªv \nÀ¯n.

"ASn-b- n-c-ambn amen-\y-¡q-¼mcw tImcn amä-Ww.' A[n-Im-cn-IÄ D]-I-c-W-§-fp-ambn Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw Iq«n. AsÃ-¦nÂ \Kcw shÅ-¯n-\-Sn-bn-em-hpw. hymIp-e-X-IÄ ]cn-jv¡m-c-§Ä¡n-S¡v aqSn-¡-fª qan \K-c-¯n-\n-SbnÂ shÅwZmln v he-ªp. sjÍns\ Npän ac-¡-¼p-I-fnÂ tNÀ¯v\nÀ¯n-bn-cp¶ ImÀUv t_mUpw ]g-b-Nm¡pw sImpÅ


180

IY . kp`mkv. kn.-Fkv

I

Nphcv IpXnÀ¶v \ne¯v hoWp. ]pds¯XWp- nepw hni¸v sImv NqSp-]n-Sn¨ Ip«n-IÄ A½-¡p-Ån-em-bn. ag Aev]w Ipd-ª-t¸mÄ a¡sf sjÍn-en-cp¯n apjn-ªvIodnb k©n-bp-ambn kuP-\y-td-j³ sImSp-¡p¶ IS-bn-te¡v \S-¶p. ]g-b-km-[-\-§Äs]dp¡n \S-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah-cS¡w In-«p-m-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\-ap-¼nse hf-ªvXncnªv \nev¡p¶ hcn-bnÂ Ib-dn-\n-¶p.henbI-S-bnÂ taev¡qc ap«p-¶-hsc Nm¡p-IÄ A«n-bn«v h¨n-cp-¶p. hb-änÂ icn¡pwXobm-fp¶Xpt]mse AhÀ¡p-tXm-¶n.a¡sftbmÀ¯v hogmsX ]nSn¨v \nev¡m³Ah-cm-hXp {ian-¨p. Bfp-IÄ hopwhopw Iyqhn-te¡v F¯n-s¡m-t-bn-cp-¶p.

hn[n Ip¯n-¯p-d-s¶-Sp¯v sImvt]mb sI«n-b-hsâ t{]Xw Ah-cnepw Ip«n-I-fnepw k¶n-th-in-¨n-cp-¶p. s]m¶p- m-an-sb¶sI«n-b-h³ ssZh-cq-]-§-fp-m¡n Ipdªhne¡v I¨hSw sNbvXp Pohn-¡p¶Xn\n-Sbv¡v càw-OÀ±n¨v acn- -t¸mÄ, AtX{]Xn-a-I-fnÂ Nmbw tX¡p¶ ]Wn-am{XwAdn-bm-hp¶ AhÀ Ip«n-I-fp-ambn I®p angn-¨n-cp-¶p. B ac-W-tijw PohnXw hc-p-t]m-b-Xn-te-¡mWv Ime-hÀjw ]«n-Wn-hm-cn-h-en¨n«-Xv.

\oIyq-hnÂ ag-h-¶-t¸mÄ FÃm-hcpwIpS\n-hÀ¯n \n¶p. Aeªv Xncn-bp¶

AhÀ¡v tdj³ImÀUv, IpS F¶n-h-bn-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶-Xn-\mÂ IyqhnÂ ]n¶n-te¡v ]n¶n-te¡v amdn-amdn\nevt¡-n-h-¶p. Bcpw Ah-tcmSv IpS-bnÂI-bdn\nev¡m³ ]dbm-t\m, Fs´-¦nepw anmt\m Iq«m-¡n-bn-Ã. AhÀ s¡mcp ]g-Inb aW-ap-m-bn-cp-¶-Xn-\mÂ Cu -IÄ Ah-sc-Npän¸än \n¶n-cp-¶p. apjn-ªvXmW I®p-I-fnÂ hoW shÅw XpS- p-I-f-bm³ Hcpssh¸À t]mse AhcpsS ssI DbÀ¶p-Xm-Wp.

Iyqhnse Xnc-¡nÂ Xmsg Xfw sI«n-\n-ev¡p¶sNfn-sh-Å- n-te¡v Btcm Ahsc XÅn-bn«vap¶nÂ Ib-dn-\n-¶p. ]c-kv]cw Adn-bm-¯-hÀ IyqhnÂD´pw XÅpwIq-Sn. \ne¯v hoWpInS¶ AhÀ¡vFgp-t¶-ev¡-W-sa-¶p-m-bn-cp-s¶-¦nepw hni¸v InS-¶InS-¸p-In-S-¡msX Ahsc hn«n-Ã. izmk-¯n\v ]IcwsNfn-shÅw AI¯v Ib-dn. Hcp tXc-«-sb-t¸mseAhÄ Npcp-p-Iq-Sn. "Ime¯v Xs¶ IpSn v ]äm-bn-¡n-S-¡-W-Xm.. Ch-ä-Isf Cu \m«o-t¶m-Sn-¡-Ww.'IyqhnÂ ]n¶n-em-bn-t¸mbhÀ t\c-t¼m-¡n\v Ah-sc-t\m¡n ]Ãv ISn-¨p. izmk-¯n\v ]Icw AI-t¯¡pIb-dn-t¸mb shÅw Xncn-¨n-d-§m-\m-hmsX, Hgp-¡p-\n-e¨ ]pg-bm-bn t]mf-hoÀ¯p. ]n¶o-S¶v s]m«n]c-¶p.Hcp-izm-k- n-\mbn AhcpsS N¦p-]n-Sªp. ImÀUp-I-sfm-¶p-an-ÃmsX, Hc-S-bmf NnÓ-§fpw Ah-ti-jn-¸n-¡msX A-Úm-X-h-ambn Ah-c-§ns\ InS-¶p.

A½sb ImWmsX aq¶v Ip«n-IÄ ag-bn-te-¡n-d-§n. apXnÀ¶ Ip«n-bpsS ssI]n-Sn¨v Xmsg-bp-Å-hÀGń-h-enªv \S-¶p. hgn-h-¡nse DbÀ¶ sI«n-S-§-fnse P\-ep-IÄ FÃmw ASªv InS-¡p-Ibpw FÃm-


181

¯n-\p-ÅnÂ \n¶pw DbÀ¶IqÀ¡w hen tIÄ¡p-IbpwsNbvXp-sIm-n-cp-¶-Xn-¶nSbnÂag-Im-äns\ Dń-¯Ån ¹mÌnIvjoän«sjÍv XÅn adn¨n«v FXnÀZni-bn-te¡v ]d-¶p-t]m-bn.

Nm-ep-I-fnÂ apgp-h³ shÅwIb-dn. Iyma-d-bpsS ¥mknÂhoWag- p-Ån-¡n-S-bn-eqsS Hc-Úm-X-ihw Hgp-In\S¡p-¶-Xv an¶n-amªp. \K-c-¯nc¡n-te¡v Ibdn\nev¡m³ Hcp ]oSn-I- n-®bpwHgn-hp-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Bdv I®p-IÄ A½-sbt¯Sn \\ªpIpXnÀ¶p. \S¶v \S¶v henb aXn-epÅ Hcp sI«n-S-¯n\v ap³]n-se¯nb Ah-cpsS aq¡n-te¡vAcn-sh-´-t]mse Hcp aWw Ib-dn-bn-d-§n. AhÀ aXn-en\p ap³]nseIqä³tK-änÂ Im¯v \n¶p. BaWw AhÀs¡mcp {]Xn-tcm-[-am-bn. Ah-c-½sb Hcp-\n-anjw ad-¶p.sNdn-b-Ip-«n-I-fpsS ssI aq¯-bm-fnÂ apdp-In.

"hm..... AI-t¯¡v t]mhzmw'AI v, ag-\-\ª a®nÂ


182

(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-þmw kwØm\ kt½-f-\-t¯mSv A\p--_-Ôn¨p \S-¯nb Iem-þ-km-lnXy -a-Õ-c-¯nÂ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS hn`m-K-¯nÂ cmw Øm\w t\Snb IY)

Ipgn-sb-Sp-¡p¶ sPkn-_n-bpsS sNdnb i_vZ-¯n-epÅ apc-fÂ. S¬ IW-¡n\v Acn I¯nbNmcw Ipgn-bn-en«v aqSn-s¡m-n-cp-¶p. Ahn-sS-bmsI AcnIcn-ª-aWw ag-bnÂ IpXnÀ¶v I«-]n-Sn¨p

ap\nkn¸m-enänbpsS ih-h-n-bnÂ AÚm-X-hiw Ibän thK- nÂ ]mªp-t]m-bn, Nmc-¯n-te¡p hoW Acn-bnÂ H¶v t]mepw apf- n-Ã. tKäv Xpd-¡p-¶Xpw Im¯v aq¶v Ip«n-IÄAt\ym\yw sI«n-¸n-Sn-¨n-cp-¶p. Acn-sh´ aW-hpw, Acn-I-cnª aWhpw X½nÂ t\cnb hyXym-ksa Dm-bn-cp-¶pÅqsh¶v Ah-c-dn-bmsXt]mb-Xn\v \nc-h[n Imc-W-§-fp-m-bn-cp-¶p.thdn« Nne ImgvN-IÄ t]mse DbÀ¶p \nev¡p-¶p.

ag tXmÀ-¶-t¸mÄ BtK-än-te-¡p-h¶ hen-sbmcp {]Xn-tj[ PmY Ahsc tImcn-sb-Sp- p.AXnÂ\n-¶p-bÀ¶ sImbv¯p-]m«v tI«v FÃp-ńb B sNdnb Ip«n-IÄ H¶v Nncn-¨p. ]ns¶,hni- -hÀ¡v A\y-am-Ip¶ Hcn-S-t¯¡v PmYAhsc \bn-¨p. Hcp hnip-²n-bn-te-¡v......

tfm-Wn-bÂ Ime-L-«-¯n-em-cw- n v kzmX-{ý-\- c mc-X-¯nÂ hfÀ¶v \h-en-_-dÂ Ime-s¯-¯n -\n -ev¡p -I -bmWv Cý³knhnÂkÀÆokv. Cw¥ojv CuÌv Cým I¼-\n-bpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fmbn _wKm-fnsâ c-W-ta-sä -Sp¯ hmd³tl-ÌnwKvkv XpSÀ¶vtIm¬hm-enkv {]`p F¶n-hÀ Cý-bnÂDtZym-KØ `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\-¯n\v ASn-¯d]mIn. ]n¶oSv Cý `cn¨ KhÀWÀamÀIqSmsX ssht{km-bn-amÀ N«-§-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯nÂ \oXn-\ymbw, dh-\yq, t]meokvASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§Ä XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fnÂ hn]p-e-ambn DtZym-K-Øsc \nb-an-¨p.]t£ A¶s¯ DbÀ¶ XkvXn-I-I-sfÃmwhntZ-in-IÄ¡pw Xmgv¶ XkvXn-I-IÄ am{XwCý-¡mÀ¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p.

sImtfm-Wn-bÂ DtZym-KØ kwhn-[m\w

Cý³ P\-X-bpsS t£a-Xm-ev]-cy-§Ä¡v bmsXmcphnebpw Iev]n-¨n-cp-¶n-Ã. P\-§Ä Zp-cnXw t]dp-t¼mgpw]c-am-h[n \nIpXn ]ncn-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p apJyAP. A¶v Cý--bnÂ kw`-hn¨ AÛp-X-]qÀÆhpwòI-c-hp-amb t¹Kv, ]«n-Wn, ac-W-§Ä C¡mcyw km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. 1943Â am{Xw _wKm-fnse ]«n-Wn-aqew 15-e£w P\-§-fmWv ac-W-s¸«Xv. {_n«o-jp-ImÀ c-W-sam-gn-bp-t¼mÄ Cýbnse icm-icn BbpÀssZÀLyw 32hbÊpw km£-cX 10 iX-am-\-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p.

A¶s¯ knhnÂkÀÆokv Cý³ tZiob {]Øm-\-§sf ASn- -aÀ¯p¶ N«p-Ibpw {]hÀ¯n-¨p. temI-sXm-gn-emfn {]Øm\w tkmjy-enÌv Bi-b-§-fnÂBIr-jvS-cm-b-t¸mÄ AXnÂ\n¶pw hn«p-amdn yqU-enÌvNqj-W-hy-h-Øn-Xn-bpsS mK-ambn AhÀ \ne-sIm-p.F¶mÂ Xmsg X«n-epÅ Cý³ in]m-bn-Ifpw aäpwkaql apt¶-äs¯ kzmKXw sNbvXn-cp-¶p. AhÀ¡vkwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn-¡mt\m cmjv{So-b tbm K§-fnÂ


183

teJ\w . sI. Fw.-ap-l-½Zv

sIm


184

kw_-Ôn-¡p-hmt\m A\p-hm-Z-ap-m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw apI-fn -epÅ DtZym-K-Ø-tâbpw

kÀ¡m-cn-tâbpw k¼qÀ®-{]o-Xn¡v ]m{X-am-thnbncp-¶p.

kzmX-{ým-\-´-c`mc-X-¯nÂ N«-§-fnÂ Imcy-ambamä-ap-m-bn-sÃ¦nepw knhnÂ kÀÆo-knsâ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fnÂ Ipsd amä-ap-m-bn. ]©-h-Õc ]²-Xn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpÅ P\t£ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fpsS Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-ambn AXp-am-dn. P\m-[n-]Xy auenI Ah-Imi t_m[-apÄsIm-p-sImv AXv hfÀ¶p. Ah-Imi [zwk-\-§-fp-m-b-t¸mÄ IqSp-XÂ IqSp-XÂ kwL-Sn-X-cm-Im\pw{]t£m-`-§-fnÂ ]s¦-Sp -¡p-hm\pw Poh-\-¡mÀapXnÀ¶p. Bh-iym-[n-jvTnX an\n-aw-Iq-en, sXmgnÂ kpc-£n-XXzw, t_mWÊv XpS-§nb ap{Zm-hm-Iy-§Ä 1970-I-fnÂXs¶ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS kwL-S-\-IÄ apg-¡n-bn-cp-¶p.1982 P\p-h-cn-bnÂ Cý³ sXmgn-emfn hÀ¤-t¯m-sSm¸wsFIy-ZmÀVyw {]I-Sn- n v Poh-\-¡mcpw ka-c-¯n-en-d-§n-bXv Hcp sFXn-lm-knI XpS-¡-am-bn-cp-¶p. _m¦vPoh-\-¡mcpw FÂ.sF. kn DtZym-K-Øcpw B ka-c-¯nÂ ]s¦Sp¯n-cp-¶p. ]n¶o-Sp-Xp-hsc ]e L«-§-fn-embn Iq«mbpw AÃm-sXbpw Poh-\-¡mÀ {]t£m- -§Ä\S-¯n-b-Xnsâ e-ambn sa -s¸« tkh-\-th-X\ hyh-Ø-IÄ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-ambn s]mXp-hn-X-cW k{¼-Zm-bwiàn-s -Sp-¶-Xn\pw, Icn-©- bpw ]qgv n-shbv]pw hne-¡b-ähpw X-S-bp-¶-Xn\pw q]-cn-jvI-cWw \S- n-em-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kÀÆokv kwL-S-\-IÄ i_vZ-ap-bÀ¯n-bn-«p-v.

kzmX-{ý- n-\p-tijw t£ym-ev]m-Z\w, Btcm-Kyw,

hnZym- ym-kw, ASn-Øm\ kuI-cy-§Ä XpS-§n-b-h-bnÂCý ssIh-cn¨ t\«-§Ä FÃm-hÀ¡p-sa-¯n-bn-Ã.t]mj-Im-lm-cw, IpSnsh-Åw, ]mÀ¸n-Sw, Btcm-Ky-kw-hn-[m\w XpS-§nb ASn-Øm\ D]m-[n-IÄ _lp- q-cn-]£w t]À¡pw e`y-am-bn-Ã. Ignª cv ]Xn-äm-p-I-fnÂ \nÀ½m-W-cw-K-s¯m-gnsI asä-Ãm-bn-S¯pw hfÀ¨m-ap-c-Sn-¸p-m-bn. ImÀjnI hfÀ¨ 1.8% am{Xw sXmgnÂh-fÀ¨1% ¯nepw Xmsg. am\h hnI-k-\-kq-Nn-I-bnepwPohn-X-\n-e-hm-c-kq-Nn-I-bn-epw. Cý ]nd-tIm-«p-t]m-bn.km[m-c-W-¡m-csâ hm§Â tijnbnÂ CSnhpmbn.s]mXp-ta-J-e-bv¡pw ]c-¼-cm-KX hyh-km-b-§Ä¡pwDu¶Â \jvS-s¸-«p. Agn-a-Xnbpw aqe-[-\ iànIfpsSNqj-Whpw kmÀÆ-{Xn-I-ambn hÀ²n- p. cmPyw cq£-ambhne-¡-b-ä-¯nÂs¸«v Dg-ep-t¼mÄ \nÊw-K-cmbn t\m¡n-\n-ev¡p¶p tI{µ- -c-W-Iq-Sw. ]p¯³ km¼- nI ]cn-jvI-c-W-§Ä Ak-aXzw Iq«p-I-bm-Wp-m-bXv. C¯cw\b-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ \S- m-¡m³ knhnÂkÀÆokv \nÀ_-Ôn-X-am-bn.

`-c-W-t\-XrXzw Xs¶ Adn-ªp-sIm-pÅ Agn-a-Xn-IÄ cmPy- nsâ apJw IqSp-XÂ hnIr-X-am-¡n. e£wtImSn-I-fpsS Agn-a-Xn-t]mepw aªp-a-e-bpsS Aäw (tipof the icebery) F¶mWv hnti-jn-¸n-¡-s -«-Xv. ØncwsXmgn-ep-IÄ hym]-I-ambn CÃmXm¡p-¶Xpw ]pdw IcmÀsXmgn-em-fn-Isf sImv ]Wn-sb-Sp-¸n-¡p-¶Xpw CuIme-L-«- nsâ {]tXy-I-X-I-fmWv. Hgn-hp-h-cp¶ XkvXn-I-IÄ thK-¯nÂ \nI- -s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. dbnÂth-bnÂ Hcp-e£w XkvXn-I-IÄ A©v hÀj-ambn Hgnªp InS-¡p-¶p. s]mXp-ta-Je Øm]-\-§-fnÂ sXmgn-e-h-k-c-


185

§fpw bYmÀ°-Iq-enbpw (real wage) hfsc Ipd-ªp.tIm¬{SmIvSv \nb-a-\w, ]pdw ]Wn-tb-ev]n-¡Â, IcmÀsXmgn-ep-IÄ F¶n-§-s\-bmbn knhnÂkÀÆo-kv timjn-¨p-h-cp¶p.

sXmgn-se-Sp-¡p¶ 40 tImSn-bnÂ 34-tIm-Snbpw hÀ-¯n-¡p¶ Akw-L-SnX taJ-e-bnse ØnXn Zb-\o-b-a-s{X. AhnsS In«p¶ Iqen `£-W-¯n-\p-t]mepw aXn-bm-Im¯ ØnXn-bm-Wv. Akw-L-SnX hn`m-K-§Ä A[n-Ihpw ]Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xv sNdp-InS hyh-kmb kwcw-`-§-fnepw sNdp-InS hym]mc taJ-e-bn-ep-amWv AXp-sImv sNdp-InS hym]m-c-ta-J-e-bnse hntZ-i-]-¦m-fn¯wBi-¦m-P-\-I-amWv. sXmgn-se-Sp-¡p¶ kv{XoI-fpsSØnXnbpw `n¶-a-Ã. AhÀ Ht«sd hnth-N\ §Ä¡pw]oU-\-§Ä¡pw Cc-bm-Ip-¶p. PâÀ HmUn-änwKv (kv{Xo]-Zhn Ah-tem-I-\w) \S-]-Sn-IÄ C\nbpw sshIn-¡q-S.knhnÂ kÀÆokv taJ-e-bnepw kv{XoI-fpsS {]tXyI{]iv\-§Ä¡v kXz-c-]-cn-lm-c-ap-m-I-Ww.

knhnÂ kÀÆokv Pt\m-·p-J-aÃ F¶ ]cmXn \ne-\n-ev¡p-¶p-v. s]mXp-P-\-§-fpsS AaÀj-¯n\pw Ah-Úbv¡pw AXv CS-bm¡p-¶p-v. IrXy-\n-jvT-bn-Ãmbva,ssI¡qen, s]cp-am-ä-Zqjyw, Ime-Xm-akw F¶nh ]cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-tS {]iv\-§-fm-Wv. ssI¡q-en¡v ASn-a-s¸-Sp-¶Xv Hcp sNdnb hn`m-K-am-sW-¦nepw sam¯w If-¦nX-am-¡m³ AhÀa-Xn.

CX-c-kw-Øm-\-§sf At]-£n¨v knhnÂkÀÆo-knsâ P\m-[n-]-Xy-hÂ¡-cWw sa -s -«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv tIc-f-¯n-em-Wv. hntI-{µo-Im-kq-{XWw, hnZym- ymkw, Btcm-Kyw IpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fnÂ tIcfw ssIh-cn¨ t\«-§-

fnÂ Hcp ]¦v Chn-Sps¯ knhnÂkÀÆo-kn\pw Ah-Im-i-s -Smw. kpXm-cyX Dd- p-h-cp¯n, bÂ \o§p¶ X«p-IÄ Ipd¨v, P\-]-¦m-fn-¯-t¯msS AXn-\nbpw apt¼m«vt]mtI--Xp-v. Imcy-£-a-amb knhnÂ kÀÆokv kwXr-]vX-amb knhnÂ kÀÆo-sk-¶-XnÂ XÀ¡-an-Ã. tkh-\-th-X\ hyh-Ø-IÄ kwc-£n¨v, Øew-amä am\-Z-Þ-§Ä ]men-¨p-thWw AXns\ iàn-s¸-Sp-¯m³. Poh-\-¡m-cpsS Ìmäyq-«dn s]³j³ A«n-a-dn-¡-s¸-«-Xv.AXns\ XoÀ¯pw A\m-IÀj-am¡n F¶v ]d-bmsXh¿.

knhnÂkÀÆo-knsâ `mhn `mkp-c-am-I-W-sa-¦n-Â_ZÂ\-b-§Ä A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. hmÀjnI ]²XnhnlnXw sam¯w B`y- c Dev]m-Z-\-¯nsâ 10% BbnDbÀt¯-n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. ImÀjn-I-ta-J-ebpw s]mXp-ta-J-ebpw iàn-s -Sp-¯p-Ibpw DZm-c-hÂ¡-c-W-\-b-§ÄDt]-£n-¡p-Ibpw sNt¿--Xpv. tI{µ-þkw-Øm\km¼- nI _Ô-§-fnÂ s]mfn-s¨-gp- p-m-I-Ww.Bkq-{X-W-¯n-tebpw \nÀÆ-l-W-¯n-tebpw Imcy-£-aX \nÀ-®m-b-L-SIw Xs¶. AXn-\p-thn Ime-l-c-W-s¸« N«-§Ä amäntb Xocq.

""amäp-hn³ N«-§-sf, kzb-a-sÃ-¦nÂamäp-a-Xp-Ifo \n§sf Xm³'' F¶ Ihn-hmIyw

hfsc {]k-àw.

(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-þmw kwØm\ kt½-f-\-t¯mSv A\p--_-Ôn¨p \S-¯nb Iem-þ-k-ln-Xy-a-Õ-c- nÂ Poh-\-¡m-cpsS hn`m-K-¯nÂ H¶mw Øm\w t\SnbteJ\w)


186

DuÀ½nfH¶pw tNmZn-¨nÃhkn-jvT-t\mSv, Zi-c-Y-t\m-Sv,cma-t\m-Spw.DuÀ½nfhnem]w ]d-ªnÃIuk-ey-tbmSv, ssItI-bn-tbmSvkpan-{X-tbmSpw.DuÀ½nftZzjw sNmÃn-bnÃamÞ-hn-tbm-Sv, {ipX-IoÀ¯ntbmSv,koX-tbm-Spw.hev¡ew [cn-¨n-d-§nb e£va-Ws\t\m¡pI am{Xw sNbvXpHscm-ä-t\m-«w.


187

IhnX . ]n.-Fw.-tZ-h-cm-P³


188

K-c-¯nsâ NqSn-\pw, Xnc-¡n\pw CS-bnÂXmÂ¡m-en-I-ambn sI«n-s¸m-¡nb DbÀ¶tÌPnÂ \n¶v Hcp hyàn- tLm-c-tLmcw{]kw-Kn v P\-{i-²-]n-Sn¨p ]äp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.PohnX¯nsâ Hm«- m-¨n-en-\n-S-bnÂ FÃm-hcpw Ahn-tS¡v Hcp \nanjw I®-b- p.Imcyw Fs´-¶-dn-bm³ kPo-h³ ImdnÂ\n¶pw ]pd- n-d-§n. FbÀ Io-j-W-dpÅImdn-\p-ÅnÂ \n¶pw Np«p-s]m-Åp¶ \K-c-¯n-te-¡n-d-§n-b-t¸m-gpÅ hn½n«w Abm-fpsS apJ¯v hyà-ambn {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. ]pXnb hr²-k-Z-\-¯nsâDZvLm-S-\-amWv \S-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp {]hÀ¯-Isâ ssIbnÂ \n¶pw hm§nb t\m«o-knÂ \n¶pw Ah³ Gsd-¡psd {Kln-s¨-Sp-¯p. Hcp kmaqly {]hÀ¯-I-\mWv kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. AhnsS-bpÅ B h¼n¨ ]pcp-jm-c-¯nÂ qcn-`mKhpw hr²-am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡-tfbpw sIms-¯nb a¡-fm-sW¶v IvAh³ b-¶p. \K-c-¯nÂ ]pXp-Xmbn\nÀ½n-¡-s¸« \mem-as¯ hr²-k-Z-\-am-Wn-Xv. a\p-jy-\n{X ITn\ lrZ-b-\mtWm F¶-h³ i¦n-¨p. amf-¯n-te¡v hen-bp¶ ]m¼n-s\-t¸mse Ah³ Imdn-te¡v \qp-I-b-dn.AbmÄ A½-sb- än Nnń¨p.

ho«nse tKäv Xpd¶p Xcp-¶-Xn-\n-S-bnÂ


189

\IY . ]hn{X. sI

skIyq-cnän tNmZn-¨p.""F´m kmÀ teäv BbXv?''""SuWn-sems¡ t{]m{Kmw, Hcp hr²-k-Z-\-

¯nsâ DZvLm-S\w. Ipd-¨p-t\cw AhnsS \n¶p.''skIyq-cnän H¶p Nncn-¨p. B Nncn-bnÂ Hcp ]cn-

lmkw Hfnªp InS-¡p-¶-Xmbn AbmÄ¡v tXm¶n.""a½n h¶ntÃ kqcPv? kPo-h³ tNmZn-¨p.''""CÃ. ]¸ a½n teäv BIp-sa¶p ]dªv hnfn-¨n-

cp-¶p. Hmô-knÂ \n¶pw eXm-ân-bpsS IqsS ¢ºn-te¡v t]mIpw F¶pw ]d-ªp.''

Sn.-hn-bnÂ \n¶pw Is®-Sp-¡msX bm{ń-I-ambnAh³ ]d-ªp.

""AÑ-½-sb-hnsS?''""In¨-Wn-ep-v.''_m¯vSºnse NqSp-sh-Å-¯nÂ Hcp Im¡¡pfn

Ipfn¨v {UÊp-am-dn. tImWn- -Sn-IÄ iàn-bmbn Nhn«nXmtg-bv¡n-d§n tkm^-bn-te¡v Nmªp. FbÀ¡-o-j-W-dnÂ \n¶pÅ XWp-¯-hmbp Ahsâ a\-kns\ XWp- n- p. samss_-se-Sp¯v ]cn-tim-[n- -t¸mÄ `mcy-bpsS ankvUvtImÄ s]mSp-¶s\ AbmÄsamss_ev tkm^-bn-te¡v hen¨v Fdn-ªp. "`mcyshdpw Hc-e-¦m-c-¯n\v am{X-samcp mcy' AbmÄ¡vkzbw ]pÑw tXm¶n.

""\o ht¶m tamt\, A½ Nmb-bn«p sImp-h-cmw.'' ASp¡f hmXn-enÂ \n¶pw F¯n-t\m¡n A½]d-ªp. Xm³ A\p- -hn-¡p¶ AXp-ey-amb Cu

kvt\l-¯n-t\-¡mÄ hep-Xmbn asäm¶pw Cu temI-¯n-en-sÃ¶v Ah³ a\-kn-em¡n. Cu kaq-l- nÂ\n¶pw \-jvS-s¸-«p-sIm-n-cn-¡p¶ \·-bp-sSbpwkvt\l-¯n-sâbpw häm¯ {]hm-l-amWv B A½F¶h\v tXm¶n.

B \ni-_vZX `RvPn-¨psImv Hcp ImÀ Bho«p-ap-ä¯v h¶p-\n-¶p. tImfnwMv s_Â i_vZn-¨p.kqc-PmWv hmXnÂ Xpd-¶-Xv. ""]¸, a½n h¶p.''

aSp- p-f-hm-Ip¶ kzc-¯nÂ Ah³ ]d-ªp.Ah\v shdp-sam-c-Xn-Yn-bm-bn-cp¶p A½. A½ ]e-t¸mgpw \ÂIm¯ kvt\l-hpw, hmÕeyhpw Ah-\-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶Xv AÑ-½-bnÂ \n¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p.

""\o ¢ºnÂ t]mbntÃ?'' kPo-h³ tNmZn¨p.""CÃ. sNdn-sbmcp slUv G¡v.''""\nsâ Imsd-hnsS?'' ""C§s\ Izkväy³

tNmZn¨v F\n¡v UnÌÀ_³kp-m-¡-tÃ. Imdv hgn-bnÂ tISm-bn. ]ns¶ eX-bpsS lkvs_³UnsâIqsS C§p t]m¶p.''

IqSp-X-sem¶pw Ah³ tNmZn-¨n-Ã. ""`£WwIgnt¨m tamtf?'' A½ tNmZn-¨p. ""Ign¨p'' tImWn- -Sn-IÄ Ib-dp¶Xn\n-S-bnÂ apJw XcmsX Ae-k-ambnAhÄ ]d-ªp.

AhÄ¡v ]t A½-tbmSv shdp- mbn cp¶p.F¶ Imcyw Ah³ ZpxJ-t¯msS HmÀ¯p. A½bv¡vÌmäkv F´m-sW-¶-dn-bn-Ãt{X. A½sb {^â vkn\pap¶nÂ ImWn-¡m³ AhÄ¡v aSn-bm-Wv. A½-bpsS


190

Imcyw ]dªv AhÄ Ft¸mgpw hg-¡nSm-dpv.Ahsf Xpd¶ a\-tkmsS B A½ kvt\ln-¡p-¶p-m-bn-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ B[p-\nIXbp-sSbpw ]cn-jvIm-c-¯n-sâbpw \ne-bn-Ãm¯ Ib§-fnÂ \ocm-Sp¶ Bkv{Xo¡v kpXm-cy-amb B kvt\lw Xncn- -dn-bm³Ign-ªn-Ã. aäpÅ kvt\l-§Ä Im]-Sy-am-sW¶vAhÄ Xncn- -dn-ª-Xp-an-Ã.

A¶v XoÀ¡m-\pÅ Xnc-¡n« tPmen-IÄIgnªn«n-Ãm-¯-Xn-\mÂ t\cw Hcp-]mSv sshIn-bn«pwkPo-h³ Dd-§n-bn-«n-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. ]pd¯v \ndª \nem-hn-te¡v AbmÄ t\m¡n.

""\n§Ä-¡p-d-§m-dm-bn-«ntÃ?'' AXv mcy-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

""\osb´m Dd-§ms¯..? tam\p-d-§ntbm?''""Ah-\p-d-§n. F\n¡v \n§-tfmSv Ipd¨p Imcy-

§Ä kwkm-cn-¡m-\pv.'' ""F´m-Wmthm?''sXsÃmcp]cn-lm-k-t¯msS AbmÄ tNmZn-¨p.

""\ap¡-½sb Ipd-¨p-Imew Ft§m-s«-¦nepwamän \nÀ¯n-bmtem?''

""A½-bv¡nhnsS F´m {]iv\w? AsÃ-¦nÂXs¶ Ft§m«v amäp¶ Imcyam \o ]d-bpt¶?''

""SuWnÂ ]pXn-sbmcp hr²-k-Z\w XpS-§n-bn-«p-v. A½ Ipd¨v AhnsS \nÂ¡-s«. A½bv¡pw HcptN©v Bh-iy-am-WtÃm.'' s]s«¶v kPo-h-s\mcpDÄ¡n-Sn-e-ap-m-bn.

""F´m \o ]dtª? Fâ-½sb Rm³ ChnsS\nÀ¯pw.''


191

""F\n-bv¡-hsc t\m¡m³ h¿.''""\osb-t¸mgm A½sb t\m¡n-bXv? A½

\ns¶-btÃ t\m¡p-t¶. C\n ann-t¸m-I-cp-Xv.''Hcp Xpdn¨p t\m«-hp-ambn Ah³ \S-¶p-t]m-bn.

Ie-§nb a\-kp-ambn kPo-h³ InS-¶p. AÑsâ ac-W-tijw B Ipd-h-dn-bn-¡msX A½ tNmc \ocm¡nA[zm-\n- -Xnsâ -^-e-am-bmWv Xm³ C¶n-hnsS F¯n-b-Xv. cm{Xn-bpsS GtXm bma-¯nÂ Dd¡w Ahs\A\p-{K-ln-¨p.

]ntä-¶s¯ \\p- -{]-`mXw. D½-d-s¯¯n{]`mXs¯ Xsâ Rc-¼p-I--fn-te-bv¡m-hm-ln-¨p.

""At½ Rm³ \S-¡m-\n-d§p-I-bm.'' Ah³hnfn¨p ]d-ªp. ]Xn-hp- adp]Sn tI«n-Ã. Ah³ AI-t¯¡v Ibdn-t\m-¡n.

""At½....'' Ah³ hopw hnfn-¨p. adp-]-Sn-bnÃ.Ah³ sXsÃm-cm--i-¦-tbmsS hoSp apgp-h³ A½sbXnc-ªp.

At¸m-tgbv¡pw Ah-s\m-cn-¡epw Is-¯m³Ign-bm¯ A\-´-am-sbmcp temI-t¯¡v AhÀ bm{X-bm-bn-cp-¶p.

(sI.-Pn.-H.-F. 47-þmw kwØm\ kt½-f-\-t¯mSvA\p--_-Ôn¨p\S-¯nb Iem-þ-k-ln-Xy-a-Õ-c- nÂ kvIqÄ hn`m-K-¯nÂ H¶mw Øm\w t\Snb IY)

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KGOA Souvenir 2013 Part 3 Pages 121 192