;kfjp ;qh r[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ 300 ;kbk r[osk rZdh fdt; ~ wBkT ...s/ gqekF eoBk tkfip j?. fJBQK b/yK ~ ;{ok wk;e gZso B/ Nq?eN d/ o{g ftu ;zrsK d/ ftukoB bJh Skfgnk ;h. j[D fco ;/teK tb'I

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g

;kfjp ;qh r[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ 300 ;kbk r[osk rZdh

fdt; ~ wBkT[D bJh

audm auprwly jodVI sihqaudm auprwly jodVI sihqaudm auprwly jodVI sihqaudm auprwly jodVI sihqaudm auprwly jodVI sihq

n;hI ;ko/ tvGkr/ jK fiBQK ~ 1966 Jh;th s'I XzB XzB;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ sq? Fskpdh gqekF T[s;t s'Ibrksko r[o{ ;kfjpkB dhnK FskpdhnK wBkT[D dk ;[Gkrgqkgs j' fojk j? . ;kohnk Xkofwe ;z;EktK, ;zgodktK s/ ;w{jBkBe Bkw b/tk, r[o{ gzE ~ ;wofgs ;zrsK nkg'-nkgD/sohfenK Bkb fJj FskpdhnK wBkT[IdhnK nk ojhnK jB.fJj ;ko/ T[gokb/ nkg' nkgDh EK w[pkoe jB gqzs{ eo'VK o[gJ/you e/ th gzE dh fesBh-e[ uVQdh ebk j'Jh j? T[j ;kv/;kfonK d/ ;kjwD/ j?. gfssg[Dk, o'wK dh p/ndph ns/ BF/tor/ d?Is e"w ~ ;zxkoB bJh w{zj nZvh yVQ/ jB ns/ fJjfpwkohnK fdB'-fdB e?I;o dh fpwkoh tKr tX ojhnK jB.

fJ; ;kb th ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ r[osk rZdh fdt;s/ ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ gqb'e rwB dh sq? Fskpdh;zrsK tb'I wBkT[D d/ T[gokb/ ehs/ ik oj/ jB. fi; ftutZv/-tZv/ Bro ehosB, ikrosh :ksoktK, ehosB dopko ns/r[o{ ;kfjp ~ ;wofgs wkor nkfd T[;ko/ ik oj/ jB.fgSbhnK FskpdhnK tKr fJ; Fskpdh dk e"w ~ fesBk e[bkG j't/rk fJj sK nkT[D tkbk ;wK jh dZ;/rk gqzs{ fJjFskpdh wBkT[D dk T[gokbk sd jh ;cb j't/rk i/eo n;hI;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ w{b o{g (bVhdko ;o{g) fi; ftud;t/I BkBe (ebrhXo fgsk) B/ gfjb/ BkBe s'I ikw/ pdbe/ nk ojh r[o{-i's ~ ebi[r d/ T[Xko tk;s/ jw/FK tk;s/

21> ;fsr[ogq;kfd ..

lVIdwr srUp

sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jIsRI gurU gRMQ swihb jIsRI gurU gRMQ swihb jIsRI gurU gRMQ swihb jIsRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI

b/ye LGkJh okw f;zx

G/Nk L w[cs

(nkg gVQ' ns/ j'oBK ~ gVQkU)

300 swlw gurqw g̀dI nUM smripq

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g3 4fNek e/ d/jXkoh gqzgok ysw ehsh s/ Fpd r[o{ d/ bVbkfJnk) ~ ;ko/ irs ftu gqekF eoB dk T[gokbk eohJ/.X[o'I dorkj'I nkJh pkDh ~ r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ T[uko e/ gfjbKg'EhnK ftu nzfes ehsk. ebi[r d/ T[Xko tk;s/ ns/ GftZyftu pkDh ftu g?D tkb/ ob/ s'I o'eD bJh gzit/I BkBe ;qh r[o{noiB d/t ih B/ ;koh pkDh fJeZso eoe/ yk; wfonkdk^soshpnB[;ko ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh ;EkgBk ehsh, fi; ftu r[o{;kfjpkB s'I fJbktk GrsK^GZNK s/ j'o fszB r[of;ZyK dhr[owfs nB[;ko gqtkBs pkDh Fkwb ehsh. ;w[Zuh pkDh ~bVhdko i[Vt/I nZyoK ftu fbytkfJnk. d;t/I BkBe ;kfjp;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ;kfjp ih dhpkDh uVkT[D bJh (Xho wbhnk tb'I nkfd phV d/D bJhBKj eoB s/) nzso-nksw/ fco ;koh pkDh dk T[ukoB eoe/GkJh wBh f;zx ih e'b'I phV fbytkJh fi; ~ dwdwh phVfejk iKdk j?. fJj phV th bVhdko i[Vt/I nZyoK ftufbytkJh rJh, fi; fgS'I Fjhd pkpk dhg f;zx ih ns/ j'ofbykohnK tb'I th T[sko/ ehs/ rJ/ i'fe ;ko/ jh i[Vs nZyoKftu ;B gqzs{ 20thI ;dh d/ nkozG ftu Skg/ykB/ dh Jhikdj'D Bkb tgkoh tor b'eK tb'I X[o'I nkJh pkDh d/ Fpd i'VK~ fBy/V e/ gd S/d ;o{g dh SkgBk ehsh rJh, fi; dk T[;;w/I gqw[y Xkofwe iE/pzdhnK F'qwDh r[od[nkok gqpzXe ew/Nhs/ uhc ykb;k dhtkB B/ nkgD/ wfsnK okjhI fJ; dk fto'Xehsk s/ wBws dk doik fdZsk gqzs{ ;w/I Bkb fYfbnkJh s/ ;[yofjDh fposhnK ekoB 1945-50 Jh;th dh wBwfs 25-30 ;kb pknd r[owfs pD rJh id'I F'qwDh ew/Nh B/ y[d jhgd S/d phVK SkgDhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK. fi; d/ cb;o{g nZi;hq r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ d' ;o{g gqubs jB gqzs{ p'bpkbk,gd S/d ;o{g dk jh j?. fi; ukb (;ghv) Bkb gd S/d ;o{g

Sg oj/ jB ns/ bVhdko ;o{g tb'I nDrfjbh ehsh ik ojhj?, brdk j?, nkT[D tkb/ ;w/I ftu bVhdko ;o{g fi; ftur[o{ ;kfjp B/ r[o{ i's fNekJh ;h, nb'g jh j' ikDr/.

nyzv ehosBh iE/ d/ iE/dko ;torh GkJh okw f;zx ihtb'I ;w/I ;w/I fJ; ;zpzXh nk ojh fYfbnkJh bJh b/y fby/ rJ/;B fi; ftu r[opkDh s/ fJfsjk; okjhI neZN dbhbK okjhIf;ZX ehsk frnk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp dk bVhdko ;o{g jh SkgDks/ gqekF eoBk tkfip j?. fJBQK b/yK ~ ;{ok wk;e gZso B/Nq?eN d/ o{g ftu ;zrsK d/ ftukoB bJh Skfgnk ;h. j[D fco;/teK tb'I ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ 300 ;kbk r[oskrZdh fdt; ;w/I fJj Nq?eN ;zrsK nZr/ g/F ehsk ik fojk j? sKfe ;zrsK fJ; ~ gVQ e/ e"w d/ w[Zy gqpzXeK, ;z;EktK ~ w}p{oeoB fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp (fi; Bkb ;k~ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ bVbkfJnk ;h) dk fJe' ;o{g (bVhdko) jh Skfgnk ikt/ (gdS/d ;o{g SkgD/ ;qh nekb sys ;kfjp tb'I j[ewB pzd ehs/ikD) s/ fiE/ fes/ th ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk gqekF j't/ T[je/tb bVhdko ;o{g dk jh j't/. ;zrsK bJh pkDh dh ;zfEnkns/ nfGnk; eoB bJh S'NhnK ;?IuhnK, g'EhnK ns/ r[Ne/nkfd dk gqpzX ehsk ikt/. fJ; soQK jh ;kv/ ;G dk s?qFskpdhwBkT[D dk T[gokbk ;cb j' ;e/rk.

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g5 6

pkDh dk nF[X gkm eoBk th x'o gkg j?. ##

(f;zx ;Gk gsqek, gzBk 121,Btzpo 1979frL r[ofds f;zx iL ;eZso ezIdoh ;qh r[o{ f;zx ;Gk

@gd-S/d phV dk gqekF eoBk BkikfJ} j?.#

wsk BzL 2682, fwsh 21-1-1945, uhc ykb;k dhtkB

@fisBk fuo gzEe s"o s/ fJ; pko/ e'Jh c?;bk Bk j'

ikt/HHHHgd-S/d phV BjhI SkgDh ukjhdh ns/ Bk jh gd-

S/d phV dk gqekF j'Dk ukjhdk j?.##

(r[owsk BzL 7 fwsh 1-1-1950 Xkowe ew/NhFq'L r[L gqL eL)

nozGe Fpd

r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp d/ d;'I ikfwnK B/ p/nzs e"se ou/ ns/ gob/ doi/dhnK xkbDK xkbhnK. fJBQK ;w{j xkbK ns/ e"seK d/ cb;o{g ]kb;kih dk o{g, ofjs, pfjs ns/ wo:kdk d[BhnK s'I fBnkoh ;kih. ;qh r[o{rqzE ;kfjp ih dk ;o{g ns/ r[o{ xo'I r[o-dhfyns j'D dh wo:kdk (yzv/dh gkj[b) Gh fBnkoh ;kih. d[BhnKdko, d/jXkoh-r[o{ d/ uoBhI brD d/nkdh ;B, ykb;/ ~ ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ r[opkDh (r[o{ rqzE ;kfjpih) d/ uoBhI bk fdZsk. pkDh nekb g[oy i[ j'Jh

(tkj[tkj[pkDhfBozekoj?-515)

g{o/ r[o{ B/ g{ok ykb;k ;ki e/ g{o/ d/ uoBhI bk fdsk. (g{o/ekehnk

;GfeS[g{ok 1412). g{o/ ykb;/ dh ;[Eoh ofjs g{oh, ;Zuh ewkJh g{oh ns/gftZso ][oke g{oh) ykb;/ dh fJj ;w[Zuh Mbe fJ; dh o{VQh o{gktbh j?.nekb g[oy dk Bkw o{VQ' j?. T[; dk ;G feS jh o{VQ' j?. fBozeko, r[o{,gkopqjw, r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp r[opkDh (gkopqjwr[oBkjh G/d 1142) dk o{go{V'Q j?. T[j o{VQ' o{g bVhdko j?, fi; dh ;kiBk o{VQ' o{g tkb/ B/ nkg ehshj?. o{VQh pkDh dk fJj o{V'Q o{g (;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih) @o{VQ' owJhJ/# B/ nkg;ztkfonk j?. fJ; o{g ftu fe;/ goeko dh sowhw dh r[ikfJF BjhI j?.wjK g[oy dh fJj pkDh fi; o{g ftu ;h,U;/ o{g ftu jh,gzit/-d;t/IBkBe B/ ;z;kohnK dh fBrkj-r'uoh eoB bJh nzfes ehsh ns/ ;fsekoh.

@@g{o/ekehnk;GfeS[g{okxfNtfXfeS[Bkjh (1412)..##

g{o/ ns/ fBnko/ r[o{, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk bVhdko ;o{g GhfBnkok, g{ok ns/ uVQdh ebk tkbk.

fJ; Nq?eN d/ nrb/ gzfBnK ftu e[M T[gokb/ jB, fiBQK okjhI fJjrZb ;gFN j' ikJ/rh fe r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk ebk-feqFwh o{VQ' o{g,nekbh o{g, g{o/ r[o{ BkBe dk nkgDk frfDnk fwfEnk ;kfink o{g,bVhdko o{g jh j?. r[opkDh nzdfo fJj j[ew do;kfJnk j? fe(jwG{bjs[w;dknG{bk (1213).. i/ r[o{ gkopqjw ;dk @nG{bk# j? (i'fe ;fs j?) sK bVhdko ;o{g fsnko eoB ;w/I Gh @nG{bk# ;h. ns/ @jw#(n;hI, gd S/d ;o{g dh ekY eYD tkb/) ;dk jh @@G{bj## (G[bDjko) jK.

okw f;zx

;[en?voB bhvo (ohL)

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g8 7

G{fwek

r[o{ eh pkDh, X[o dorkjh pkDh, X[o'I ntsoh pkDh,eosk g[oy dh pkDh j?. fJj pkDh fBozeko ;o{g j?. fJ;fBozeko ;o{g pkDh dh r[ji-ebk ~ fBZi nebK Bkb ;wMDkwB-jm jh j?. fe;/ ftob/ r[o{-to';kfJ fjod/ ftZu jh r[opkDhdh r[ji-ebk dh ;'Mh j' nkT[Idh j?. r[opkDh ftu bhBj'fJnk fjodk jh r[opkDh dh thuko d; ;edk j?, BjhI sKfBo/ p[ZXh wzvb ftu ftuoB tkb/ gqkDh d[fBnkth ftfdnktK d/pb-p's/ r[opkDh ~ ;wMkT[D dhnK vhIrk wkod/ fcoB sK T[jfBoh wBwsh eg'b fefonk j?.

jo/e r[of;Zy bJh r[opkDh gVQBk ns/ r[opkDh ~ thukoBknfs }o{oh j?. go i/ jo e'Jh T[&Zm e/, fpBK r[ow[yh ihtBihD dk T[gokbk ehfsnK, fpBK nzfwqs t/b/ dh ;zGkb ehfsnK,fpBK r[o{-uoBK ftZu i[VB bJh fXnkB ehfsnK, n?t/I jh c"ehftfdnk d/ skD s/ r[opkDh ~ ;wMD ;wMkD bJh T[&Zgokb/eodk fco/ sK fJj T[; dh fBi-wsh jwkes jh j?.

fJj isB iB-;kXkoB dk w;bk Bjh, ;r'I fJj w;bkr[ow[y iBK, r[o{ e/ ;Bw[y iBK, r[o{-uoBK Bkb i[VB dkT[gokbk eoB tkb/ iBK Bkb jh ;zpzXs j' ;edk j?. r[o{-uoBK Bkb i[V/ j'J/ r[ow[y iB th fJj vhIr BjhI wko ;ed/fe T[BQK ~ pkDh d/ gkm dh ;'Mh j' nkJh j? feT[Ife T[j ikDd/jB fe nrkX-p'X wjK g[oy s'I ntskoh pkDh th nrkX-p'Xj?. G?-GktBh ftu ftuofdnK j'fJnK jh, r[o{ feogk Bkbr[opkDh d/ gkmK dh, Fpd i'VK d/ T[ukoB dh ;'Mh j' nkT[Idhj?, n?t/I BjhI. fizBh-fizBh fe;/ fjod/ ftu gq/w-FoXk ns/ G?-GktBh j[zdh j?, T[sBk T[sBk jh T[; fjod/ ~ fJ; pkDh dkT[xkV j[zdk j?.

id tZy-tZy NhekekoK B/ r[opkDh d/ tZy tZy Fpd i'V

fdZs/ j'J/ jB sd fJ; jkbs ftZu nkgDh wZs nB[;ko Fpd-i'V fB;fus eo e/, ;Zu/ gksFkj d/ gd-S/d SkgD/ feZE'I sZemhe jB< eh fJj fBiwZs BjhI. ;opZr pkDh pko/ n;hInbZgr iht fet/I fJj efj ;ed/ jK fe fJj' ;kv/ tkbk gkmF[ZX j?<

fi; fe;/ Bkw-nfGnk;h ihnV/ dk fjodk r[o{-uoBKBkb ;Po j' ikt/ ns/ rohph fBwosk ftZu r[o{-do s/ nkgDhT{Dsk bJh i'dVhnK eodk oj/ bVhdko ;o{g dk tkfjr[o{ ihpyFF eo e/ T[; s'I F[ZX T[ukoB eotkT[Id/ jB. fi; d/;ftZu'I pkDh nkJh j?, ewkJh eoe/ T[; d/; ftZu T[; nt;EkftZu g[Zfink ikt/, sK jh ;'Mh dh e'Jh Mbe g? ;edh j?,n?t/BjhI.

fJ; ftF/ ;zpzXh uh\ ykb;k dhtkB d/ wsk BzL 2682fwsh 21H1H45 ns/ Xkowe ew/Nh (F'qL r[L gqL eL) d/ r[owskBzpo 7 sohe 1H1H1950 w[skfpe, gd-S/d-phV ~ SkgD,gqekF eoB, fJ; s'I nyzv gkm eoB ~ o'fenk frnk feT[Ifenfijk eoBk Bk ikfJ}, Bkw[Bkf;p ns/ gzE bJh jkBhekoej?.

fijVh rZb 1950 sZe Bk-ikfJ}, Bk-w[Bkf;p ns/ gzEbJh jkBhekoe ;h, T[j j[D gzE bJh bkGdkfJe, w[Bk;pns/ ikfJ} e?;/ j' rJh < fJj eZbQ dh wBwfs nZi dh r[owfsfet/I pD rJh < fi; X[B ns/ s/}h Bkb bVhdko ;o{gK ~ nZy'Igo'y/ ehsk ik fojk j?, nkw ;zrsK fJzi wfj;{; eo ojhnKjB,fit/I fe bVhdko (i[Vs) ;o{g BkikfJ} ns/ gzE bJhjkBhekoe j?.

fJ; Nq?eN okjhI, r[owfs dh ftF/Fsk dZ;D d/ e[MT[gokb/ jB sK i[ r[of;yK ~ r[o{-;o{g pko/ e'Jh Ngbk Bkbr ikJ/.

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g109

T[gokbk-1e' ftobk r[ow[fy thuko;h

(1) neb-ebk tkfjr[o{ B/ nkgD/ X[o-X[ozdoh j[ewnB[;ko (nkgD/ nkfd i[rkdh gq'rokw nB[;ko) ebi[r ftuebk Xko e/, r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ o{g gqrN j'Dk ;h, ;'j'fJnk. nekb g[oy B/ nkg r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dk o{g Xkoe/ r[of;Zyh wkor ubkfJnk. r[o{ nkg r[of;Zyh wkor s/ ufbnKns/ j'oBK ~ fJ; wkor s/ ubD dk T[gd/F r[opkDh dtkokfdsk. r[of;yh wkor s/ ubfdnK j'fJnK r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ pkbbhbQk ouh, wZMhnK d/ S'V{ pD/, ;Zuk ;"dk eofdnK fgsk ekb{ih gk;'I ug/VK ykXhnK, w'dh]kBk ubkfJnk, y/sh pkVh ehsh,d/;K d/FKsoK dk oNB r[of;yh gouko fjs ehsk, rowhnK,;odhnK, MZyVK, T[ikVK ns/ phnkpkBk d/ s;hj/ ;j/, G[ Zy/fsjkJ/ oj/ ns/ podk pD e/ fte rJ/. r[of;Zyh wkor s/ uZbDdk wfjzrk w[Zb fdZsk.

(2) GkJh bfjDk ih r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ f;y ;/tepD/ ns/ jw/Fk T[BQK d/ ;Bw[y oj/. ;fsr[oK dk j[ew wzBDns/ T[BK dh o}k ftu ofjD ~ jh nkgDk gq:'iB oZfynk ns/nkgDh-wfs (wBwfs) dk esJh fsnkr eo fdZsk. nkgDhfBih ;'u ftuko jh SZv d/Dh, fJj fesBk emB ns/ wfjzrko;sk j?. fJBQK B/ nkgD/ nkg ~ ;w[Zu/ s"o s/ jh ;fsr[oK d/jtkb/ eo fdZsk, ns/ e/tb ;fsr[oK d/ j[ew ~ jh w[y oZfynk.nkgDh us[okJh ~ fpbe[b jh sbKibh d/ fdZsh. fJj ;G e[Mfe;/ w];{; ;w/I bJh BjhI ehsk, ;r'I T[wo gq:zs jh fJ; s/vN/ ofjD d/ ewoeZ;/ eo bJ/. nkgDh wfs dk n?;k g{oBfsnkr fe;/ ftob/ d/ GkrK ftu jh nkfJnk j?. i/ ;kfjpK B/oks ~ fdB fejk j? sK ;/te B/ g{oB ftFtk; ;kfjs fejk j?

fe @@jK ih, fdB j?## i/ ;kfjpK B/ doyZs T[s/ uVQ e/ wfmnkJhMkVB bJh fejk j? sK ;/te B/ s[ozs c[os j[ew dh skwhbehsh j?. ;/te B/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ jo j[ew ~ ;Zu ns/ ;fs ;fseo e/ wzfBnk ns/ ewkfJnk. nkgDh wfs S'fv, r[o{ dh wfsn?;h rqfjD eoh fe r[o gq;kfd ;/te s'I BkBe pD rJ/.

(3) r[o{ nwodk; ;kfjp ih dk ihtB sZe'-fgSbh fpoXnt;Ek ftZu id'I fe nkw wB[Zy s[oB fcoB bJh vzr'oh dknk;ok Y{zvdk j?, nkgD/ ;oho dh d/y-Gkb tk;s/ ;ke-;?Dtb sZedk j?, nwodk; ih B/ r[o{ nzrd ;kfjp ih d/fJFBkfBnK tk;s/ yv{o ;kfjp ib Y'D dh eoVh ;/tk ;zGkbbJh ns/ ib Gh dfonk fpnk; dk, i' seohpB B" feb'-whNo dh d{oh s/ tr fojk ;h. nZXh oks s'I gfjbK jhnwodk; ih B/ rkro u[Ze e/ dfonk tb ukb/ gk d/D/, sK i[nzfwqs t/b/ ~ ;w/I f;o, sk}/ ib dh rkro id'Ife fpnk;dfonk d/ ftueko e'Jh ioB?bh ;Ve BjhI ;h, ;fsr[o{ ih d/fJFBkB ;EkB s/ gj[zuk fdZsh ikt/. T[; ;w/I yv{o ;kfjp fes/vzvh, fes/ fNp/, fes/ vKv/-whIv/, fes/ MkVhnK, doZysK, y/sKphnKpkBK tkbk jh o;sk ;h. T[BhI fdBhI Bk pZsh Nkou,jB/o/ ftu jZE g;kfonk B}o BjhI ;h nkT[Idk. J/E/ jh pZ;BjhI, yv{o ;kfjp s'I dfonk tb iKd/ j'J/ nwo dk; ih g[Zm/g?oh iKd/ (Gkt fe nkgDk w{zj yv{o ;kfjp tb jh oyd/. r[o{;kfjp ih tb nkgDh fgZm ed/ ph Bk eod/). nfijh ;/tkfesBh emB j?. jB/ohnK oksK ftu, rowhnK, ;odhnK,MZyVK, pkoFK, f;nkbhnK, mZfenK dh gotkj Bk eod/ j'J/n"MVK phnKpkBK ftu'I dh ;h; s/ rkro oZy e/ nmkoK feb'whNoK dh wjK eoVh :ksok jo o'} eod/. fJj b{JhI ezY/ yV/eoB tkbh ;/tk, e[M fdBK, jcfsnK iK wjhfBnK sZe dhBjhI ;h, pbfe ub ;" ub, brksko fJe-;ko pkoQK po;

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g1211ojh. ib Y'D bJh x'Vk, yZuo iK fe;/ itkB w}d{o nkfddk fynkb sZe th Bk nkfJnk-@@ib[Y'tT[fJj;h;efoHHH##(813).

fBih ;[y dk fsnkr ns/ r[of;Zyh wkor T[s/ ubD dk fJsBkeoVk ns/ wfjzrk w[Zb fdZsk. ;kv/ tofrnK ~ i/ e/tb fJZeoks bJh jh nfijh ;/tk eoBh g? ikJ/, ;k~ BkBh :kd nkikJ/. fJ; wfjzr/ w[Zb d/D dk Bshik eh fBefbnK< nwodk;ih r[o{ feogk dtkok r[o{ o{g j' rJ/ ns/ r[o{ nwodk; ihefjbkJ/.

(4) J/;/ bVh ~ nZr/ s'od/ j'J/ r[o{ noiB d/t ih doFBeohJ/, fe r[of;yh wkor s/ ubfdnK j'fJnK B/ sZsh b'j T[s/u"IeV/ ;ikJ/, sZsh o/s d/ eVS/ ;h; T[s/ gtkJ/, T[pbdhd/r ftu p?mDk gotkB ehsk,T[j Gh Go rowh (i{B) d/ wjhB/ftu eVedh X[Zg nzdo. o"IrN/ yV/ j' iKd/ jB fJBQK dk BeFknZyK ;kjwD/ nkT[Idk j?. fJsBk eFN jZd N[ZN rJh. nkgDhikB dh e[opkBh nZs emB s;hfjnKI dh SkfJnk EZb/ fdZsh.fJsBk wfjzrk w[Zb r[of;yh wkor s/ uZbD dk ndkn ehsk.

(5) ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih dh Fjhdh, ns/ Fjhdh s'IgfjbK ;ohoe eFN (b'j/ d/ fgzio/ ftu). r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx;kfjp ih dhnK e[opkBhnK-fgsk ih ~ nkgD/ jZEhI w}b{wKdh oyFK fjs, ;h; dh G/Nk d/D bJh fdZbh ~ ftdk ehsk. d';kfjp}kfdnK ~ EkgVk d/ e/ jZEhI Xow :[ZX ftu s'o fdZsk.d' ;kfjp}kd/ BhIjK ftu fuD/ rJ/. wksk ih e[opkB j'J/. p/nzsr[o{ d/ jho/-f;y jZ; jZ; e/ izrK ftu i{M rJ/, r[of;Zyh wkors/ uZbd/ j'J/ f;o'I d[y ;jkod/ j'J/ nkgDhnK ikBK s/ y/brJ/, ;dhth-r[o{-y[Fh gqkgs eo e/ fBi xfo ik tk;k gkfJnk.

(6) jZd'I go/ dhnK e[opkBhnK, eoVkJhnK ns/ efmBkJhnKtkb/ r[of;Zyh wkor dk fJj gouko, tkfjr[o{ ih B/ r[o{ BkBe;kfjp s'I b? e/ r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih sZe d;K ikfwnK ftu

nkgDh i'fs Xkoe/ feT[I ehsk< e/tb ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/bVhdko ;o{g ~ r[o-i'fs pyF e/ r[orZdh T[s/ jw/FK bJhn;EkgB eoB fjs fJj ;G ouBk ouh, sK i[ ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp ih dh Sso SkfJnk EZb/ r[of;y, r[of;Zyh wkor s/ubd/ j'J/, Bkw pkDh dk o; wkDd/ j'J/, wkD; iBw ;cbkeod/ j'J/, w[y T[ibk b? e/ jfo dorfj g?X/ iktD#. fJj j?Mkeh n;bh r[of;Zyh ihtB dh, eoV/ ns/ wfjzr/ w[Zb bJ/r[of;yh ihtB dh f;o d/ e/ w[Zb bJ/ j'J/ r[of;Zyh ihtB dh(w?sT[w'fbwjrhbJhihn;N?..694)

(7) j[D d/y' ;"y/, nBzd-wJh, w"iK Go/ ejkT[sh r[of;ZyhihtB dh Mkeh. ;[fynko/ ns/ us[o r[of;ZyK ~ bVhdko pkDh(i[Vs FpdK bJh oZph o}k nzdfo ouh j'Jh pkDh) dk gkmeoBk w[Feb, n"yk s/ wfjzrk brdk j?. fJBQK B/ nkgDh;j{bs tk;s/ bVhdko pkDh ~ gd-S/d pkDh dk o{g d/ fdZskj?. fJBQK dk fynkb j? fe, oZp B/ bVhdko o{g ftu pkDh ouBdh rabsh ehsh j?, feT[Ife bVhdko pkDh Bkb r[of;Zyh dkgouko j'Dk ns:zs w[Ffeb j? ns/ fJ; o\sko d/ }wkB/ ftun;zGt j?. fe;/ dh nrtkJh bJ/ fpBK bVhdko pkDh dk gkmBjhI j' ;edkl gd S/d pkDh dk gkm d{ih shih iwks ftugVQB tkb/ pZu/ Gh eo ;ed/ jBl u"Eh gzithI ftZu gVQB tkb/pZu/ sK nyzv gkm th eo ;ed/ jB.

(8) nfijh us[okJh Go/ ftuko tkb/ f;ZyK B/ fJj ed/

BjhI ;'funk fe oZp, fi; dk ebi[r ftu pkDh ouD dk nkfd

X[o-X[ozdoh gq'rokw ;h ns/ fi; B/ d' ;" ;kb s'I T[go dk ;wK

bVhdko pkDh ouD fjs d; r[o-ikw/ Xko e/ brkfJnk, eh

T[; oZp ~ fJj th gsk BjhI ;h fe fJ; pkDh dk mhe ;o{g

gd-S/d j't/rk fe bVhdko< eh fJ; dk fJbw e/tb nZi

eZbQ d/ uks[o ;[y-ofjD/ ns/ fYZbV f;ZyK ~ jh j'Dk ;h fe

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g14gd-S/d ;o{g jh mhe p?m/rk< fJj e?;h e'Mh ns/ y'ybh rZb

j? fe oZp d/ pDkJ/ nbgZr g[oF nkgD/ nkg ~ oZp ~ f}nkdk

us[o dZ;D dk dkntk eoB. fJBQK B/ FkfJd ed/ th fJ;

;qh w[ytke dk fynkb BjhI ehsk fe (jfoi'feS[eo/;[nkg/nkg/

Tj[g{fSBfe;?eo/phukfo.. 1135)

(9) r[opkDh dk e/tb bVhdko ;o{g jh r[o{ BkBe

;kfjp dk X[o-X[ozdoh gq'rokw ;h ns/ fJj' ;o{g oZp-oikfJnk

r[o gotkfBnk ;o{g j?. fJ; pkDh ~ r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ d'

t/ohI bVhdko ;o{g fdZsk-gfjb'I gzit/I ikw/ ftu ns/ d[pkok

d;t/I ikw/ ftu. g{o/ r[o B/ nkgDh g{oh wfs nB[;ko ;qh r[o{

rqzE ;kfjp ih ~ bVhdko r[opkDh Bkb fFzrkfonk j?. r[o{ xo

ftu r[o{ dh wfs jh gotkB j?. nkgD/ wB dh us[okJh ~ sK

fsnkrD dk jh j[ew j?. (wBehwfsfsnkrj[jfoiBJ/jkpks

em?Bh..800)

(10) gd-S/dsk B/ wfjzrh pkDh ~ ;;sk eo fdZsk j?ns/ fJ; dh edo xNkT[D dk d'F gd-S/dhnK B/ nkgD/ f;ob? fbnk j?. bVhdko pkDh dk gkm w/jBs, ;wK, nrtkJhns/ g{ok fXnkB wzrdk j?. fJj ;"yk ezw BjhI j?l emB j?,wfjzrk j? pkDh dh edo tXkT[Idk j?. bVhdko pkDh dk gkmeofdnK j'fJnK ns/ gkm eoB s'I pknd th wB ftu f]nkboj/rk,fe gsk BjhI fesBhnK e[ rabshnK gkm eoB ftu j'rJhnK jB. wB nodk; ftu i[V e/ ;fsr[oK gk;'I j' rJhnKp/nzs rabshnK dh fywk wzr/rk ns/ nZr'I s'I F[X gkm dh frnksbJh ikuBk eo/rk. fJ; Bkb wB ftu fBowkDsk ns/ rohphnkJ/rh. nfijk r[owfs-nBe{b j?-r[ow[fyfBwkDkj'j[.

(11) fJ; d/ T[bN gd-S/d pkDh dk gkm pVk jh ;fjbj[zdk j?. wB ftu fJj' f]nkb ofjzdk j? fe w?I gkm F[ZX ehskj? e'Jh rabsh BjhI ehsh. fJ; Bkb wB ftu ;{yFw jT[w? nk

iKdh j?. gkm F[ZX eoB bJh r[o{ ih nZr/ nodk; eoB dhb'V jh BjhI Gk;dh ns/ Bk jh ofjzdh j?. nfijk ftuko f;ZyhGktBk d/ T[bN j?. skjhUI jh ;kfjpK B/ bVhdko pkDh ouh j?.

(12) bVhdko r[opkDh ~ gd-S/d o{g d/Dk ;kvh

us[okJh, r[o{ s'I p/-w[yskJh ns/ g{o/ r[o{ dh g{oh wfs T[s/ ;kvh

r[;skyh Goh Nhek-fNZgDh j?. fJ; wBwfs d/ jkwh Gh fBod'F

BjhI ofj ;ed/. pZeo/ wkoB tkbk, e;kJh, wk; pZeo/ t/uD

tkbk ns/ pZefonK ~ ykD tkbk, ;G pokpo d/ jh d'Fh jB.

;kv/ uks[o, ;[y-ofjD/ ns/ ;;s/ w[Zb r[of;yh bZGD tkb/ f;ZyK

B/ r[opkDh gd-S/d ehsh, ;r'I eJh j'o wZbK th wkohnK jB.

nzfwqs t/b/ d/ ikrD, fJFBkB, Bkw-f;woB ns/ fBsB/w ftu

fYfbnkJh, rkso/ dh feogkB dh pikJ/ ezx/ T[s/ iVh nZXh

fJzu dh fwzBh feogkB Bkb jh ezw ;ko b?Id/ jB. fJBQK dh

oh;/ phphnK Gh f;yh ofjs pfjs Bkb'I c?FB ~ soihj

d/IdhnK jB. i' Gh ofjs-pfjs dh d[odFk n;hI d/y oj/ jK,

fJj ;;sh ns/ ;[y-ofjDh f;yh d/ G[bV w[sbkphnK B/ jh

ehsh j?.

(13) r[opkDh sK BK-f;oc wBwfs ~ fsnkrD dk j[ewd/Idh j?. ;r'I wBwfs d/ XkoBhnK s'I Gh d{o jh ofjD dkT[gd/F d/Idh j?. :Ek-@@wBehwfsfsnkrj[jfoiB 800.. ns/r[ow[fy;T[efod';sh;fsr[o;T[bkfJfus[ .. 1421## ;[y-ofjD/ns/ ;;s/ Gkn r[of;Zyh d/ bZGDjkfonK ~ fJj ;'uDk ukjhJ/fe g[oksB ;{opho f;zx r[o{ e/ jho/ r[of;yh ewkT[Id/ j'J/uoyVhnK s/ feT[I uVQ rJ/< s/b d/ eVkfjnK ftu feT[I sb/rJ/< y'goh feT[I ozph Bkb T[sotk bJh< nko/ Bkb feT[I sBfuotk fbnk< pzd-pzd feT[I eNtkJ/< ihT[Id/-ihn GZmhnKftu M'fenK ikDk feT[I fyV/ wZE/ gotkB ehsk< feT[I r'bhnKd/ fBFkB/ pD/< feT[I ;h; eNtk bJ/< x'fVnK d/ ;[zwK EZb/

13

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g1615feT[I ftS rJ/< feT[I vKrK dhnK wkoK ykXhnK ns/ i/bQKeZNhnK< feT[I o/b-rZvh EZb/ fg; rJ/< feT[I r[of;yh wkor d/gKXh pD e/ xoK d/ ;G ;[Zy fsnkr e/ izrbK ftu ik p;/o/ehs/. wktK B/ feT[I nkgfDnK B/soK ;kjwD/ nkgD/ pZfunK d/N'N/ j[zd/ t/y e/ podkFs ehsk< eh fJj ;ko/ nkgDh wfs ns/us[okJh ~ tos e/ d[fBnkth ;[Zy BjhI ;B bZG ;ed/< gofJzi ehsk BjhI, feT[Ife r[o{-do;kJh f;Zyh (r[owfs) fgnkoh;h. fJ; ~ ewkT[D ftu jh ;Zuk s/ ;dhth nkswe nBzd ;hns/ ;fsr[o{ dh y[Fh gqkgs j' ;edh ;h ns/ j[zdh j?-

@@ukbkfBokbhGrske/ohfpywwkofrubDk .. 918..##

@@fw;bcehoKrkyVh;[gkJhn?g{oeozfw-1183-84 ..

(14) r[of;yh wkor d/ gKXhnK B/ fe;/ ehws s/ Gh fJ;wkor ~ BjhI fsnkfrnk. fJ; wkor ~ ikB s'I fgnkok ;wMe/ jo gqekoh ;kjwD/ nkJhnK n"eVK MZbhnK. r[o{-j[ewK dk;fseko ehsk. r[of;Zyh wkor s/ gKXhnK dh nrtkJh bJh g{o/oZp B/ g{o/ r[o{ okjhI, nkgDh g{oh wfs nB[;ko, g{oh pkDh ~bVhdko ;o{g pyfFnk ns/ g{o/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ~r[o-rZdh T[s/ ;F'Gs ehsk. fJ; bJh bVhdko ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp ih jh oZp-oikJ/, r[o-do;kJ/, X[o-X[ozdoh, r[orZdhd/ ;dhth wkbe jB. fgSb/ fszB ;" ;kb s'I fJjh ;o{g goXkBiK gotkB jB. thjthI ;dh e/ e[Me[ f}zw/tko f;ZyK dh wfsT[s/ jh g'uk fco frnk ikgdk j?,fiBQK B/ bVhdko ;o{g s'IsbKibh gqkgs eo bJh j?. fJ; s'I BZe wz{j tZNd/ jB. gd-S/d ;o{g d/y e/ c[Zb/ BjhI ;wkT[Id/.

T[gokbk-2r[of;yke?wfBGktdhr[o;fsr[oehtfvnkJh

(;b'e wL 4, gzBk 310)(1) r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dk ihtB, ;z;ko d/ ;kjwD/,

d' w'N/ gfjb{ g/F eodk j?. fJe gfjb{ T[j j? fijVk GkJhbfjDk ih d/ okjhI irs d/ ;kjwD/ nkfJnk ns/ d{ik T[j i'r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ ;kfjp}kfdnK okjhI irs B/ sZfenkj?.

(2) r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih id Gh ;kfjp}kfdnK ~ e'Jhezw eoB dk j[ew d/Id/ sK ;kfjp}kd/ nkgDh neb dh wddBkb, r[o{ dh dZ;h fpXh bkb'I tZyoh fpXh Bkb (i' d[fBnkthe'B s'I ;[yZbh ns/ mhe wfj;{; j[zdh j't/) T[; ezw ~ eoB dknr'I ;[Mkn fdzd/. pZfunK tb'I nkgDh j[ew dh Nhek-fNgDh;[D e/ r[o{ ih T[j' j[ew bJh GkJh bfjDk ih ~ fJzB fpzBFpdK ftu d[jokT[Id/. GkJh bfjDk ih j[ew dk fJFkokj[zfdnK ;ko jh s[os-c[os nZy d/ c[oZe/ ftu ;fsr[oK d/ j[ewdh skwhb eod/. feT[Ife GkJh bfjDk ih ~ j[efwwzBhn?j't?

gotkD[ (471) dh ;wM nk u[Zeh ;h, fJBQK B/ ;fsr[oK d/j[ew dh ed/ th c'bk-ckbh BjhI ;h ehsh. ;r'I c'bk-ckbh dk;{yFw fynkb se th ed/ BjhI ;h nkfJnk. e/tb j[ew wzBDBkb jh ;zpzX oZfynk j'fJnk ;h ns/ T[j Gh nkgD/ XzBGkr;wM e/.

(3) ;fsr[o ih dh tfvnkJh ;fseko fJ; pks ftu jhj? fe ;fsr[oK dh wBFk nZr/ r[of;Zy dk ;h; fBt ikJ/, rd-rd j' e/ fBt/I, F[eokB/ ftu fBt/I, nkg/ s'I pkjo j' e/fBt/I. sh;o/ ikw/ ftu r[o{ (BkBe) nwodk; ;kfjp ih idf;ZyK gqsh,nkgD/ p?mD bJh uzrk fijk EVQk pDkT[D ~ efjzd/jB sK pj[s ;ko/ f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjp ih dhnK y[FhnK jkf;b

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g1817eoB bJh uzr/-uzr/ EVQ/ pDkT[D ftu i[N g?Id/ jB. id r[o{ih ~ EVQ/ pD ikD dh ]po fwbdh j? sK r[o{ ih EfVQnK ~d/y e/ ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ EVQk Bk-wB}{o eo iKd/ jB. T[BQK ~Ykj e/ Bt/I f;foUI T[BQK dh irQk, T[BQK ~ uzrk EVQk pDkT[Ddk j[ew d/ iKd/ jB. r[of;Zy nkgDh neb ns/ ;oho s'I skDw[skfpe j'o uzr/ EVQ/ pDkT[Id/ jB. r[o{ ih fco fJj ;ko/ EVQ/oZd eo iKd/ jB. fJj f;bf;bk eJh fdB ikoh ofjzdk j?.id pj[s ;kfonK ukso s/ f;nkfDnK f;ZyK B/ ;'funk fe r[o{ih ~ sK e'Jh th EVQk g;zd BjhI nkT[Idk, eJh fdB j' rJ/jB ;k~ ygfdnK ~, fJ; s'I uzrk EVQk sK n;hI BjhI pDk;ed/, sd fJBQK ftu'I pj[s ;kfonK B/ EVQ/ pDkT[D/ SZvfdZs/. fJ; soQK eofdnK-eofdnK EVQ/ pDkT[D tkfbnK dhfrDsh xNdh rJh. T[j Gh fdB nk frnk j? fe e/tbokwdk; ih jh fJeZb/ EVQk pDkT[D tkb/ ofj rJ/ jB. fJBQKfJeZfbnk dk pDkfJnk j'fJnk EVQk Gh r[o{ ih jo o'} Bk-wB}{o eo iKd/ ns/ T[; s'I uzrk EVQk pDkT[D bJh efjiKd/. d{;o/ f;Zy Gh okwdk; ih ~ fNZuoK eoB bZr gJ/.

(4) id r[o{ ih, okwdk; ih dk pDkfJnk EVQk oZdeod/ ns/ T[; dh irQk T[; s'I uzrk EVQk pDkT[D bJh j[eweod/, okwdk; ih jZE i'V e/ yb' iKd/ ns/ efjzd/, ;fsr[o{ih w/o/ ftZu neb BjhI j?, fJj EVQk tkeJh uzrk BjhI j? nkgih feogk eo e/ dk; gk;'I uzrk EVQk pDtkT[.## fJ; d/ Bkbjh okwdk; ih ~ ukn uVQ iKdk ns/ y[Fh ftu d{D-;tkJ/ j'iKd/ fe F[eo j? ;fsr[o{ ih B/ dk; ~ nkgDh eko/ bkJhoZfynk j? ns/ j'o EVQk pDkT[D dk j[ew d/ fdZsk j?. okwdk;ih ~ sK e/tb r[o{ ih dh o}k ftu ofjD dk ukn ;h ns/r[o{-nkF/ nB[;ko ezw jh eoh ikD dk ukn ;h. fJBQK dk EVQ/dh uzfrnkJh iK wzfdnkJh Bkb tk;sk BjhI ;h.

(5) id r[o{ BkBe-i'fs B/ goy fbnk fe GkJh bfjDk

ih ns/ okwdk; ih ftu nkgDh us[okJh dk w[Fe sZe Gh BjhIfojk, e/tb r[o{ dk j[ew wzBD ns/ r[o{ dh o}k ftu jh ofjDdk ukn j?, sK r[o{ BkBe-i'fs B/ fJBQK ;/teK (;zsK) ~ nkgD/ftu fJe o{g eoe/ r[o{-BkBe dh rZdh T[s/ ;[F'Gs eo fdZsk.(6) i/ d;t/I ikw/ ftu r[o{ BkBe-i'fs B/ f;ZyK gk;'I ;h; wzr/jB sK ;h; G/N eoB tkfbnk B/ fJj BjhI g[ZfSnk fe @@s[;hI;h; eh eoB/ jB##. e/tb ;h; G/N eoB bJh jh nZr/ tX/ jBns/ ;h; d/ fdZs/ jB. n?;k j[ew d/D dk go:'iB r[o{ ih nkgikBD. r[of;Zy dk ;zpzX ns/ co} e/tb r[o{ d/ j[ew ~ wzBDdk jh j?. r[of;Zy r[o-j[ewK dh c'bk-ckbh BjhI eodk.r[of;Zy r[o-j[ewK dh c'bk-ckbh eoB Bkb r[o{ T[Zs/ FoXkfEVedh j?. FoXk fEVeh sK ;G e[M frnk. fco r[o{ gk;'IfwbDk eh j?. g{o/ r[o{ T[Zs/ FoXk pDh ofjD d/ ekoB jh@@ykb;kw/ok;fsr[og{ok## tkbk ;qh w[ytke ;z;ko d/ ezBh fgnk;h. fJzB fpzB j[ew wzBD tkbk ykb;k ns/ r[o{ nkg; ftu Usg's jB.

(7) go nc;';, fe e[Me[ ;w/I s'I nkgDh us[okJh ns/nkgDh tfvnkJh dh G[Zy d/ ekoB, g{o/ r[o{ T[Zs/ ;kvh FoXkfEVe rJh j?. ;k~ r[o{ ;o{g ftu xkN B}o nkT[D bZr gJhj?. fJ; xkN ~, n;hI nkgDh neb d/ skD, g{ok eoB ek\hekw:kp j' rJ/ jK. T[j fet/I< n;hI ukso f;ZyK B/ ;'funk fe;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ bVhdko (i[Vs FpdK tkb/) ;o{gftu r[of;Zyh dk gouko eoB dh ns/ f}nkdk frDsh ftu;z;kohnK d/ nzdo r[opkDh gVQB bJh ek\h fyZu g?dk eoB dhskes xZN j?. fJ; X[o-X[ozdoh, oZp-o}kJ/, r[o-j[ewkJ/, g{o/r[o{ d/ GkD/ nzdo n;EkgB j'J/ gktB bVhdko ;o{g ~ n;Kgd-S/d dk (o{g) d/ e/ nkw ;z;kohnK d/ wBK ftu'I, bVhdko;o{g ~ n"yk ;wM e/ fJ; dk ;fseko ns/ fJ; dh b'V jh]sw eo fdZsh j?.

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g2019(8) g{ok r[o{ (;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih) jo gfjb{ s'I g{ok

j?,;op FeshnK ftu g{oB j?, T[gd/F ftu g{ok j? ns/ doFBftu Gh g{ok j?. g{o/ r[o{ ftu fe;/ Gh goeko dh T{DskJh BjhIj?. fJ; bJh g{o/ r[o{dh ;'X-;[XkJh (modififcation or amend-

ment) j'D dh r[`ikfJF BjhI j?. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ i'shi'fs ;wkT[D s'I gfjbk f;ZyK ~ r[o{ nzrd d/t ih d/ uoBhIbkT[IfdnK j'fJnK efjnk fe @@j[D s'I nzrd d/t ih ~ nkgDkr[o{ wzfBU.## r[o{ nzrd d/t ih B/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D s'I gfjb'IUjh j[ew f;ZyK gqsh fco d[jokfJnk ns/ fejk fe @@j[D s'Ir[o{, nwodk; ih ~ r[o{ wzfBU##. fJj f;bf;bk d;t/I ikw/sZe ikoh fojk.

(9) ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ i'sh i'fs ;wkT[D s'I gfjb'If;yK gqsh j[ew fdZsk, @@;G f;ZyB e' j[ew j? r[o{ wkfBUrqzE.## fJj efj e/ nkg ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ bVhdko-doFB pyFDjko/ ;fsr[o{ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ~ wZEkN/fenk. go n;K fJ; gotkB/ ;o{g ~ gd-S/d eo e/ us[okJhtos bJh j?. sK i[ gkm S/sh s/ ;"yk j' ;e/. e{fenK tkbkgsoK-gkm ns/ gd-S/d gkm d'B'I wBwfs Go/ fBzdD :'rjB,e{fenK B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ;kfjp ih dk gZsok-gZsokeoB dk fJokdk ehsk ;h, go f;Zy irs B/ fJ; ~ ;fsr[oKdh x'o p/ndph ;wM e/ jkjkeko wuk fdZsh, ns/ e{e/ fJje[eow eoB' o[e rJ/. r[o{ d/ gZso/ S/d j[zd/ ;[D e/ sK ;k~pj[s d[Zy j'fJnk fe fJj wBwfs j? ns/ fJ; ~ o'eD tk;s/gzE B/ fJeZfmnK j' e/ o"bk gk fdZsk. go r[o{ d/ gd-S/d j[zd/d/y e/ sK ;kv/ ezB T[Zs/ iz{ Bk ;oeh. f;Zyh ~ Yfjzdh ebk ftub? ikD bJh fJe wBwfs wkVh feT[I ns/ d{ih wBwfs uzrhfeT[I< d'B'I jkbsK ftu r[opkDh dh p/-ndph j?. i/ ;dhthofjD tkb/ ykb;k ih dk o{g, ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/, yk;fejk j?, sK gZEo T[Zs/ bhe ikD' fe r[o{ dk o{g th yk; jh j?.

ns/ T[; yk; o{g e/tb bVhdko o{g j?-Bk gZsok S/d o{g j?ns/ Bk jh gd-S/d o{g .

(10) bVhdko ;o{g oZp-xVs ;o{g j?. gd-S/d ;o{gwB-xVs ;o{g j?. @@ g{o/ekehnk;GfeS[g{okxfNtfXfeS[Bkjh

(1412)## d/ r[otke T[Zs/ ;k~ g{ok Go';k ukjhdk j?. n;hIG[ ZbV, fYZbV, wkfJnk-Xkoh, nkokw-g;zd, bVhdko-;o{gdh wfjwk eh ikDhJ/< @@jwG{bjs[w;dknG{bk a a a a a 1213.##

nG[Zb r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dkbVhdko ;o{g mhe ;kfink j? fJj ;o{g ;kiD ftu e'Jh G[ZbBjhI j'Jh. @@nkfgeo/fe;[nky?e'Jh.. nkyfDikJhn?i/G{bkj'Jh

..(114)## nG{b/ r[o{ BkBe B/ ikD fwE e/, ;wM e/, oZpho}k nzdo ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk bVhdko ;o{g ofunk j?ns/ ;z;kohnK ~ fJ; d/ uoBhI bkfJnk j?. go r[opkDh t/u e/ykD tkfbnK G[ZbVK B/ r[o{ dk oZp oikfJnk ;o{g ftrkV e/fJ; ~ gd-S/d dk ikwK ukVQ e/ f;Zyh ~ ;;sk ns/ p/-edokehsk j?. bVhdko ;o{g dh ;/tk ;zGkb jh g{o/ r[o dh tfvnkJhj?. @@r[of;yktfvnkJhGkt?r[og{o/ehwBw[ykUjt/bkjfEBknkfJnk.##

(304) wBw[yK ~ sK, us[okJh-nXhB ;kfink j'fJnk gd-S/d ;o{g jh ;"yk ns/ uzrk brdk j?. bVhdko ;o{g ~ nT[ykikD e/ fJ; s'I BZe w{zj tZNd/ jB. e?;/ wkV/ Gkr jB.

(11) gd-S/dsk us[okJh dh ekY j?. ns/ @us[okJh#wBw[yK dhnK fBFkBhnK ftu'I f;o-eYth fBFkBh j?. :Ek@@fJj[ir'd[sowBw[ygkfoBgkJhokw 775..## (feT[I <)..@@nzso/jT[w?wskekw[e'qXus[okJhokw 775##. d/y' gd-S/dh uksoKdk eh jkb j[zdk j? nzsfous[okJhEkfJBkgkJhfpoEkiBw[

rtkfJnk.. iwwfrd[y[gkt?u'Nkykt?nzfsrfJnkgS[skfJnk 775##.

J/BQK uks[oK B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gktB ns/ fJbkjhbVhdko ;o{g dh gd-S/dsk okjhI sowhw (modification) eofdZsh j?. fJ; sowhw Bkb fJBQK B/ nkgD/ f]nkb ftu n"y/ r[o{

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g2221~ gpfbe tk;s/ ;"yk eo fdZsk j?.

(12) sowhw T[; uh} dh j'fJnk eodh j? fi; dhgfjbh pDso ftu e'Jh xkN iK nX{okgB ofj frnk j't/nfijh xkN ~ sowhw okjhI g{ok ehsk iKdk j?. fJe gk;/ sKn;hI ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ~ g{ok r[o{ efjzd/ jK ns/ d{i/ gk;/fJjBK ~ gd-S/dsk sowhw dk w[jski ;wMd/ jK. fJj sKfco jk;'-jhDh rZb j'Jh-Bkb/ g{ok ns/ Bkb/ nX{ok. nc;';,;d nc;'; gd-S/dhnK dh wfs T[&&Zs/. fJ; s'I Gh f}nkdkT[jBK f;ZyK T[&Zs/ fiBQK B/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih d/ BkBe-n;Ekg/-bVhdko-;o{g ~ n"yk ikDe/ nZy'I go'yk eo fbnk j?ns/ fJB;kBh us[okJh nXhB n;Ekg/ gd-S/d ;o{g ~ soihjd/ oZyh j?.

(13) r[opkDh dh bVhdko ouBk oZp dk fJe yk; u'ij?. r[opkDh dh bVhdkosk ftu wB dh fJekrosk j?, fBowkDskj?, jT[w? dk nGkt j?, nkswe j[bko/ jB ns/ G?-GktBh;fjs ;/tk dk ukn j?. r[o{ dh tfvnkJh eoB dk Gkt j? fer[of;Zy ~ r[o{ dk ;G e[M jh-r[o{ dk j[ew, r[o{ dh o}k, r[o{dk Bkw, r[o{ dk o{g (doFB), p-;o'-uFw wB}{o j?.

:Ek-@@s/okBkwo{V'o{go{V'nfsozr[o{V'w/o'okwJhnk 693##. ns/T[j X[o-X[ozdoh r[o do;kfJnk o{VQ' o{g bVhdko o{g j?. uks[owB-xVs gd-S/d o{g BjhI. nkU nkgk ;ko/ fgSbhnK G[ZbKpyFtk e/ r[o{-BkBe-;ztko/ bVhdko ;o{g d/ uoBhI bZrhJ/.fJj' jh ;fsr[o{ dh tfvnkJh j?.

T[gokbk-3nt[oT[gkT[Be'Jh;{M?BkBesohn?r[opuBh

(gzL 1196)(1) ebrhXo ;Zu/ gksFkj ih d/ ;w/I id nBzdg[o

;kfjp dk febQk bZyK d[FwBK d/ x/o/ ftu ;h sK pkjo'I o;dnkT[D d/ ;G o;s/ pzd j' rJ/. i' ykD ghD dk ;kwkB febQ/ftu w"i{d ;h, T[; Bkb pj[s bzwk ;wK pshs Bk j' ;fenk.G[Zy B/ pVk gq/FkB ehsk. febQ/ ftu w"i{d doZysK d/ gZs/ ns/fSbe/ nkfd Gh f}nkdk wdd Bk eo ;e/. nk]o GZ[y s'I szrnk e/ ukbQh f;zxK B/ ebrhXo ih gk;'I xoK ~ ikD dhnkfrnk wzrh. ;Zu/ gksFkj ih B/ T[BQK ~ e[M j'o ;wK o[e ikDbJh fejk. fJBQK f;zxK B/ nkgD/ ;[y ~ w[y oZy e/ r[o{ ;kfjpih dk puB Bk wzfBnk ns/ nkg-j[dosk ftu r[o{ ih ~ ns/pkeh f;zxK ~ fgZS/ Sfv,xoK ~ gos ikD dk gZek \?;bk eofbnk.

(2) fJBQK dk fJokdk sZe e/ ;kfjp ih B/ fJBQK ~ fejkfe @@i/ s[;hI ikDk jh j? ns/ ;kvk puB th BjhI wzBDk sK s[;hI;k~ fpdktk fby e/ d/ ikU fe @s[;hI ;kv/ r[o{ BjhI ns/ n;hIs[jkv/ f;Zy BjhI.## sK fJBQK ukbQhnK B/ G[Zy s'I w}p{o j' e/,d[fBnkth ;[yK ~ w[y oyfdnK j'fJnk, r[o{ ih ~ fpdktk fbye/ d/ fdZsk ns/ febQk SZv xoK ~ gos rJ/. fJBQK ~ fpdktkfby e/ d/D bfrnk ~ r[o{ ;kfjp dh Fy;hns (personality)

pko/ fJj f]nkb Bk nkfJnk fe T[j sK@@nwo[t/gotkj[j?fs;[Bkfbf;nkDgBubJhBj[ifseoDhikfJ##..

T[; Bkb sK @@nkg[S'fv;oDkfJgt?wzfBbJ/oikfJ## (1250-

51) tkbk ;fseko jh eoBk pD nkT[Idk j?. go fJj ukbhnkgDh wfs ~ mhe ;wM e/ nBzd-g[oh SZv nkJ/.

(3) id fJj ukbQh, wkM/ d/; ftu gj[zu e/ wkJh Gkr e"o

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g2423ih ~ fwb/ sK wksk ih B/ fJBQK gk;'I ebrhXo gksFkj ih dh;[Zy-;Kd g[ZSh ns/ fJBQK gk;'I ;kok jkb ;[fDnk. wksk ih sKr[of;Zyh fgnko d/ Bw{B/ ;B. jkb ;[D e/ T[BQK dh nkswk pVhd[yh j'Jh. wksk ih B/ fJBQK ~ pj[s bQknBsK gkJhnK ns/fejk fe @@fi; ikB ~ G[Zy s'I pukT[D bJh r[o{ s'I p/-w[y j'nkJ/ i', fJ; ~ fesBh e[ d/o pukJh oy'r/< nzs ~ fJj gziG{seh u'bk SZvDk j?,fco s[jkvk e"D ;jkJh j't/rk< sjk~ r[o{s'I ftSfVnK ~ jfo dorfj Y'Jh e"D d/t/rk< s[jkvk u[ok;h dkr/V w[Ze BjhI gkJ/rk. fJBQK ftukfonK ~ FkfJd fJj fynkbBjhI ;h nkfJnk fe (i')@@e'JhftS[fVikfJ;fsr[o{gk;j[fs;[ekbkw[j[iwwkfonk (312) ..##

s[;K r[o{ ~ fgZm d/ e/ nkT[D tkbk pj[s wkVk ezw ehskj?. s[;kvk Gbk fJ; ftu jh j? fe tkg; ;fsr[oK d/ uoBhI ikJ/gt' ns/ nkgDh G[Zb pyFtk bt'. ub', w?I Gh s[jkv/ BkbuZbdh jK.##

(4) wksk ih d/ fdqV-ftFtkFh puB ;[D e/ fJBQK f;zxK~ nkswe jb{Dk fwfbnk, nkgDh ehsh G[Zb T[Zs/ g;ukskgF[o{ j' frnk. fJj w[V nkgD/ fmekD/ nk rJ/ ns/ fJj ;ko/ebrhXo gksaFkj ih dh uoBhI bZrD bJh w[V fsnko j'rJ/. tkg; w[fVnK iKfdnk dh,w[es;o dh gktB XoshT[Zs/, r[o{ ;kfjp ih dk fgZSk eoh nkT[Idh w[rb \"i d/ fJed;s/ Bkb w[Zm-G/V j' rJh. fJj f;zx ns/ wksk Gkr e"o ihikB s'V e/ bV/. \"ih d;sk gos frnk.

(5) r[o{ ;kfjp Gh fJe fNZph T[s'I fJj izr d/y oj/ ;Bns/ f;zxK dh ;jkfJsk ftu f;zBQ-f;zBQ e/ sho ubk oj/ ;B.bVkJh fgS'I }ywh ns/ Fjhd f;zxK dh ;zGkb bJh r[o{ ih w"e/T[&&Zs/ g[Zi/. Fjhd f;zxK ~ tkoh-tkoh to d/Id/ j'J/ (39 f;zxFjhd j' u[Ze/ ;B) GkJh wjK f;zx ih gk; (i' ni/ ;fje oj/;B) gj[zu/ ns/ efjU B/, @@f;zxk, n;hI s/o/ s/ fBjkb jK. wzr

eh wzrdk j?< @@sK GkJh wjK f;zx ih p'b/,w/o/ Bkb d/ f;zxKdhnK o{jK GNe ojhnK jB, T[BQK ~ dorkj/ Y'Jh BjhI fwbojh. nkg ih dk puB Bk wzBD eoe/ fJ; B"ps ~ gj[zu/ jK.nkg ih feogk eoe/ ;k~ w[nk\ eo fdU ns/ ;kvh pKj cVbT[.## sK r[o{ ih B/ i/p ftu'I fpdkt/ tkbk ekr} eZY e/ GkJhwjK f;zx d/ ;kjwD/ ckV e/ fJBQK ukbhnK dh N[ZNh rzY bJh,ns/ fJBQK ~ ukbh w[es/ dk f]skp fdZsk. sK s[ozs jh GkJh wjKf;zx ih Gh nkgD/ B/soK d[nkok r[o-uoBK ~ rbteVh gk e/;dhth BhId ;" rJ/.

(6) nkw gokuoeK dk fJ; gq;zr ~ ;[DkT[D dk wB'oEfJj dZ;D dk jz[dk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp pV/ feogkb{ jB, FoBnkfJnk dh bki oZyDjko jB ns/ N[ZNh rzYDjko jB. r[o{;kfjp ih dh tfvnkJh sK r[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ jo u'i ftugorN-gjko/ ngo ngko B}o nkT[Idh j?. T[j sK jB jh wjKdfJnkb{ ns/ pyf;zd. i' Gh (Gkt/I fesBk jh gkgh feT[I Bkj't/) r[o{ ih dh FoBh nk g?Idk j?, r[o{ ih T[; ~ pyF d/Id/jB. go n;K fpdkt/ tkb/ gq;zr dk fJe j'o gfjb{ thukoBkj?, i' f}nkdk fXnkB d/D :'r j?.

(7) r[o{ ih dh wo}h Bkb uZbD d/ bkG ~ ns/ nkgDhwB-wo}h Bkb uZbD d/ xkN/ ~, ;ko/ irs ~ ;gZFN s"o s/dZ;D bJh, r[o{ ih B/ gob/ doi/ d/ @eFN ;jko e/# ;kok;opz; tko e/, fpnzs jho/ f;zxK dhnK FjhdhnK d/ e/, fJjfpdkt/ tkbk gq;zr ofunk,sK i[ ;z;ko fJ; ~ G[Zb Bk ikJ/.fJj gftZso y{B Bkb fbfynk j'fJnk ;kek, gVQ ;[D e/ tkjtktkjtk eoB bJh ik fe;/ Fo/Dh T[s/ o'; eoB bJh BjhI j?,(fJj gq;zr sK ;kv/ bJh ns/ ;kvhnK nkT[D tkbhnK B;bKbJh ofjzdh d[BhnK sZe) ;kvk pukn eoB fjs (wkB; iBwdk n;bh wzst g{ok eoB fjs ;fsr[o{ ih B/ ofunk j?. fJjfpdkt/ tkbk ;kek, ykb;/ dk jZv-phsh ;kek, gftZso y{B

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g2625Bkb ozfrnk j'fJnk ;kek, fpnzs ;zsK GrsK dhnK FjhdhnKBkb fFzrkfonK j'fJnk ;kek, ebrhXo gksFkj ih dk fJe]k;[b ]k;, ;pe-nkw'} ns/ ed/ Bk G[ZbD tkbk fJfsjk;e-u'ih-j[ewBkwk j?. T[j fet/I <

(8) fJj gq;zr (j[ewBkwk) ;k~ ypodko eodk j?. ns/u[ok;h s'I puD dk o;sk dZ;dk j?. T[j o;sk fJj j? fe r[o{nB[;koh j'Dk ns/ ihtB Go r[o{ nB[;koh pD/ ofjDk. pZ; !fJ; s'I }ok Go Gh J/Xo UXo j'D ftu pukn BjhI j?. r[o{nZr/ j[Zis, dbhb, pfj;-w[pkj;k iK nkgDh us[okJh BjhIuZbdh. J/E/ sK @@i/e'Gbkb'V?GbngBkr[onkr?YfjYfjgkt?r'##

(1310) nB[;ko ihtB YkbD dh b'V j?. sK jh r[of;Zy dkGbk j?. nkgDh neb, fi; ~ n;hI r[o{ xo ftu Gh Yke? Nzrhfcod/ jK, fJe gk;/ oZy e/ @@i'r[o[ej?;'JhGbwkBj[## (gzBk

667) ~ jo dw :kd oZyD dh b'V j?. fJj gq;zr r[of;yKbJh FhFk j?.

(9) fJ; FhF/ ~ ;kjwD/ oZy e/, nkU yK }ok nkgD/nzdo Mks wko e/ d/yhJ/ fe n;hI fesB/ e[ gkDh ftu jK. ukbhf;zxk ~ sK Gbk G[Zy B/ szr ehsk ns/ r[o{ ih ~ fgZm d/ e/ r[o{s'I w{zj c/o rJ/. ;k~ fe; B/ w}p{o ehsk j?, i[ n;hI ;qh r[o{rqzE ;kfjp ih (gorN r[oK dh d/j) d/ gktB bVhtko ;o{g~ fgZm d/ p?m/ jK< ;k~ wkfJnk ns/ ;[fynko/ f;ZyK dh tkjtkdh G[Zy B/ wip{o ehsk j?. ;k~ Bk sK r[o{ Bkb fgnko j? ns/BK jh r[of;yh Bkb. ;k~ Bk r[o{ dk G? j?, Bk r[o{ ~ y[F eoBdk ukn j?. ;k~ sK e/tb wkfJnk ukjhdh j?. fit/I Gh fwb/,mhe j?. r[of;Zyh fYZbh iK ew}'o g? ikD dh gotkj BjhI.;k~ sK rkjeh tXkT[D dh X[B j?.

(10) skjhUI jh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kjfp ih d/ gd-S/d ;o{gSkgD tkb/ m/e/dkoK B/ r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ~ nDfbfynkfpdktk d/ fdZsk ikgdk j? fe-@@n? r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh

rZdh d/ X[o-X[ozdoh bVhdko doFB pyFDjko/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp ihU ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ nkg ih ~ wZEk N/e e/f;ZyK ~ j[ewB nkg ih d/ bV bkfJnk ;h, go ;k~ ns/rkjeK ~ nkg ih d/ doFB eoB ftu pVh fdZes g/F j'oBjhI ;jkoh iKdh, ;k~ s[jkvk ;o{g ok; BjhI p?mdk, fJ;bJh n;hI nkg ih Bkb'I nkgDk ;BpzX s'Vd/ jK. n;hI ns/;kv/ ;[fynko/ rkje gd-S/d ;o{g Bkb pV/ y[F ns/ ;"y/ jB.s[;hI j[D ngDk fpbk eo'.

(11) gd-S/dhnK B/, r[o{ s'I p/w[yskJh d/ ekoB, nkgDksK Bk; jh eo fbnk j?, nkgD/ Bkb-Bkb nBG'b f;Zy iBskdh p/Vh ftu Gh tZN/ gk e/, fJBQK ~ sZs r[owfs s'I d[o/v/ fbikoj/ jB. jo gd-S/d gkmh ;wMdk j? fe w?I F[ZX gkm eodkjK (fJj ;{yFw jT[w? j?) ns/ d{;fonK gkmhnK ~ ;wMdk j?fe T[j nF[ZX gkm eod/ jB. (fJj d{;fonK dh F{yFwfBzfdnk j?) bVhdko ;o{g s'I gkm eoB tkb/ gq/whnK T[&Zs/ jT[w?ns/ fBzfdnK tkbk d{FB sK bZr jh BjhI ;edk, feT[Ife T[BQKd/ sK ]kp'-f]nkb ftu th BjhI nkT[Idk fe n;hI F[X gkmeod/ jK iK eo ;ed/ jK, sK d{;fonK ~ T[BQK B/ eh efjDkj'fJnk< fJj r[o{ fgnko/ sK pV/ fBowkD j' e/, yV' e/, jZEi'V e/, B?D w{zd e/, rb gZbk gk e/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ihw{jo/ sofbnK Goh nodk; eod/ jB, fe j/ ;woZE gosZy}kjok }j{o, ;op-ebk Gog{o ;Zu/ ;fsr[o{ ihU. nkg ih dhgktB r[opkDh, fJj X[o eh nkJh, nrkX p'X pkDh dk F[Xgkm eoBk n;K nbgZr ihtK bJh n;zGt j?. nkg ih feogkeoe/ dk;K dhnK, gkm eofdnK j'fJnK j' rJhnK G[ZbK dhw[nk\h pyF' ih, ns/ nZr/ s'I F[ZX gkm eoB dh ;'Mh pyF' ih.fJ; gqeko dhnK fBowkDsk ns/ r[of;Zyh fgnko GohnK i'dVhnKr[o{ d/ bkb eod/ jh ofjzd/ jB.

(12) fJj i'dVhnK r[o-nkF/ nB[;ko jB. :EkL

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g2827@@wBs{zwswkD[eofjfijT[feS[ikDdkr[ow[fyfBwkDkj'j[ (441)

..## Bk ][d wkD eod/ jB ns/ Bk jh fe;/ gkmh dh fBzfdnKeod/ jB. skjhUI jh fJ; gqeko dhnK nodk;K ;[BDjko/(;fsr[o{) B/, nkgD/ bkvb/ sZs r[of;ZyK gqsh fejk j? fe, @@i/

pkjoj[G[fbu[fep'bd/Ghyo/jfoGkD/ (450)..## e?;k bkG j? sZsr[of;Zyh fJ]fsnko eoB dk. sK s/ bVhdko ;o{g s'I jh gkmeoBk r[o{-nkF/ nB[;ko pD nkT[Idk j?.

(13) g[oksB ukbh f;zxK B/ sK fpdktk fby e/ r[o{ ih~ r[o{-dopko ftu jh ofjD fdZsk ;h ns/ nkg r[o-dopko'Ipkjo fBeb s[o/ ;B. go j[D d/ gd-S/dh p/dkthnK B/ sK jZdeo fdZsh j?. fJBQK B/ ro{ ~ jh r[od[nkfonK ftu'I eZY pZ;ehsh ns/ nkg r[od[nko/ wZb e/ p?m rJ/ jB. fJj b'e xo p?m/p?mkJ/, wkfJnk ftu ozr obhnK wkD oj/, pkb T[gd/F gVQ e/r[o-doFB eoBk b'VB tkb/ r[of;Zyh dh edo ns/ ;fsr[o{ih dk ;fseko eh ikBD< r[o{ ih dh edo ns/ ;fseko T[BQK~ jh j? fijV/ r[o{ d/ j[ewK s'I wo fwNd/ jB, r[o{ d/ fJFko/s/ uZbd/ jB, fijV/ ;w[Zuk ihtB jh r[o{ nB[;koh j' e/ pshseod/ jB. pfbjko ikJhJ/ r[o{ s'I Gh. r[o{ Gh ni/j/ r[o{-fgnko/-r[of;yK s'I ;dk jh e[opkB j[zdk j?, :EkL iBBkBe;dk

e[opkD[fsBi'ukbfj;fsr[oGkfJ (1415)..## ;fsr[o{ ih dhwo}h Bkb (;fsr[o-nB[;koh j' e/) uZbD tkfbnK r[of;yK s'Ir[o{ ih jw/Fk jh e[opkB iKd/ jB.

(14) r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih B/ d;t/I ikw/ ftu ftuo e/;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gktB bVhdko ;o{g w{jo/, Xosh T[&Zs/r'fvnk Gko j' e/, nkgDk gktB w;se G[zi/ bk e/ wZEkN/fenk, T[&Zm e/ jZE i'V e/ \sj rikJh ns/ f;yK ~ w[]kspeo e/ fejk, @@gorN r[o{ ;kfjp ih j[D s'I ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjpih jB. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh i'fs d/ doFB fJ; ftuj'fJnk eoBr/.## fJ; gqeko ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp (g{oB r[o{) ftu

@jfog{oBpqjfwfBtk;[bhnT[## (1409) tkbk GkDk tofsnk.tkfjr[o{.

(15) r[of;ZyK B/ g{o/ r[o{ dk puB ;[fDnk. @@g{o/

r[oek;[fBT[gd/;[ (295)..## fco eh ehsk< @@puB[r[o{i'g{o/

efjUw?ShferKmohpkXk (1204)..## g{o/ r[o{ dk puB ;[D e/x[N e/ gZb/ pzBQ fbnk ns/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ bV brgJ/. BkBe-ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ nkgDh fBrokBh j/mnkgD/ w[ykofpzd s'I ;wZoE r[opkDh T[uko e/ (Bkt/I ikw/ ftuT[uoh pkDh ftu Fkwb eo e/), bVhdko ;o{g ftu fbytk e/r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh rZdh d/ dkfJwh tkfo; g{o/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp ih dh ouBk ouh. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih nkg oZp jB,:Ek @@r[ogkopqjwgow/;o[;'fJ..## (1271) ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjpih @r[o gow/;o jB. J/E/ gd-S/dh p/dkthJ/ fejVk pjkBkbZGDr/ r[o gow/Fto d/ B[e; eZYD dk < fJBk ~ r[o[gow/;o[ ftu fejVh xkN B}o nkJ/rh fi; ~ d{o eoB bJhfJj b'e wjK g[oy dh pkDh ~ gd-S/d eo d/Dr/< r[ogow/;o sK @@B xkN j? B pkY j? B xkN pkY j's j?.##

(16) n;hI e/jV/ w{zj Bkb n?;/ r[o{ dh gd-S/dk ftus'Vk-cVh eoBk b'Vd/ jK< ns/ fJ; s'Vk c'Vh Bkb fejV/ftnesh ~ y[F eoBk b'Vd/ jK < eh j' frnk j? ;kvh wZs ~<;fsr[o feogk eoB ns/ n;K BthB p/dkthnK ~ ;[wfs pyFe/ okj/-ok;s T[&Zs/ b? nkT[D.

@@ike/ihni?;hp[fXj'Jh.. efjephoikB?rk;'Jh (342)..##

fJj :kd oj/ fe,@@g{okr[o{g{ohwfsikehg{oBgqGe?ekwk (630)..##

;kvh wfs jh nX{oh j?. n;hI jh T{o/ jT[o/ jK. r[o{ rqzE ;kfjpih sK g{o/ rT[o/ jB.

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T[gokbk-4wksk ;[bZyDh ih dh r[o{ xo ftu wjZssk

(1) nzfwqs;o ih s'I soB skoB ;kfjp tZb ikD tkbh;Ve T[&Zs/ uZp/ Bkw dk fJe fgzv t;dk j?. ;qh r[o{ jfor'fpzd;kfjp ih d/ ;w/I ;[bZyDh Bkw dh fJe f}whdko wkJh fJ;/fgzv ftu tZ;dh ;h. fJ; d/ gk; }whB pj[s ;h, go n"bkdBjhI ;h. n"bkd dh ]kso fJ; wkJh B/ pj[s ;kXB ;kX/-tosoZy/, d/th d/tfsnK dh g{ik ehsh, wVQhI w;kDhI rJh, r[Zrkgho wBkfJnk, gz [B dkB ehs/, shoEK s/ rJh, pj[s ;[ZyDK;[ZyhnK, go wB dh w[okd g{oh Bk j'Jh. fJ; soQK ico ikbdh~ itkBh dhnK FkwK nk rJhnK ns/ g{oB fBok;sk Bkb xop?m rJh.

(2) fJBQhI fdBhI ;qh r[o{ jor'fpzd ;kfjp ih nzfwqs;o;kfjp jh fNe/ j'J/ ;B. fJe fdB nuBu/s jh o;s/ s[oh iKdhwkJh ;[bZyDh T[Zs/ GkJh r[odk; ih dh fBrkj g? rJh. GkJhr[odk; ih ~ fJ; wkJh dh d"V-GZi dk gsk ;h. g[ZSDbZr/, @@;[Dk wkJh, fefsU nk; pZMh< @@wkJh ih B/ j"ek Go e/T[Zso fdZsk, @@j[D sK ;G nk;K ]sw j' u[ZehnK jB. e'Jh EKBjhI SZvh. e'Jh wB"s pkeh BjhI ojh.## GkJh ;kfjp efjDbZr/, wkJh, fBokF Bk j'. g[Zso dh dks d/D tkb/ (;qh r[o{jfor'fpzd f;zx ;kfjp ih) nzfwqs;o ;kfjp fNe/ j'J/ BhI. T[BQKd/ uoBh ik gT[. pV/ dfJnkb{ BhI. g[Zso dh dks pyFd/Dr/.##

(3) GkJh r[odk; ih d/ F[G puB ;[D e/ wksk-;[bZyDhih d/ fjod/ nzdo T[whd B/ fco f;o u[Ze fbnk. nrb/ fdBjh wksk ih B/ nk r[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ doFB ehs/,ns/ g[Zso dhdks bJh p/Bsh ehsh. r[o{ ih p'b/, wkJh, s/oh fe;ws ftu

g[Zso fbfynk jh BjhI j?.## fJj ;[D e/ wksk ;[bZyDh fpbe[bjh Y/oh Ykj e/ xo tkg; nk rJh. GkJh r[odk; ih B/ T[u/u/ s"o s/ fco wksk ih ~ ik g[ZfSnk, @@wkJh ih ;[DkU, r[o{ ihB/ eh fejk.## wksk ih B/ pV/ d[yh fjod/ Bkb df;nk, @@r[o{ih efjzd/ ;B,w/oh fe;ws ftu g[Zso j? jh BjhI.##

(4) fJj ;[D e/ GkJh r[odk; ih B/ fejk, @@wksk, sz{c/o fJe t/o ikj ns/ nkgD/ Bkb ebw,dtks ns/ ekr} b?ik. eZbQ r[o{ ih cbkD/ o;s/ okjhI nZr/ ~ ik oj/ BhI. sz{ T[BQK~ o;s/ ftu jh ik fwb, goBkw eo e/ T[BQK d/ x'V/ dh brkwcV bJhI ns/ ejhI, @@j/ feogkb{ r[o{ ih, fe;ws fbyD tkb/s[;hI jh i/. i/ nZr/ BjhI fbfynk sK j[D fby fdU.##

(5) wksk ih B/ fJzi jh ehsk. nrb/ fdB ekr},ebwns/ dtks b? e/ r[o{ ih ~ o;s/ ftu jh ik fwbh. r[o{ ih ~Bw;eko eo e/ T[BQK d/ x'V/ dh brkw cV bJh T[; ns/efjD bZrh, @@nfj bT[ ekr} ns/ ebw. w?~ fJe g[Zso dhdks fby fdU. nZr/ th sK s[;hI jh fbyDh ;h. i/ Ud'I BjhIfbyh sK j[D fby fdU.## r[o{ ih efjD bZr/, wkJh sz{ fe;/vkY/ dh gVQkJh j'Jh J/I. fbnk cVk ekr} ns/ ebw, s?~ fJeg[Zso fby d/JhJ/.## tkfjr[o{.

(6) r[o{ ih dtks ftu'I N'Gk b? e/ ekr} T[s/ J/ek gkT[Djh bZr/ ;B fe r[o{ ih d/ x'V/ B/ nrb[ ;[zw (g?o) u[Ze e/ yVke/Bkb Xosh T[s/ ofynk ns/ Bkb jh Bk;K coZe e/ rodBfjbk fdsh. fJ; fjZb i[Zb d/ ekoB J/e/ (1) wz{j y[ZbQk ofjfrnk ns/ J/e/ dh irQk ;ksk (7) g? frnk. r[o{ ih efjDbZr/, @@wkJh, fJe dh irQk ;Zs fby/ rJ/ jB.## wksk ih efjDbZr/, @@ih mhe jh fby/ rJ/ jB. w?~ n;b ftu ;ZsK dh jhb'V j?.## r[o{ ih gk;'I ekr} cV e/, r[o{ ih d/ uoB go;dhs/ fBt i[jkoK eodh j'Jh wksk ;[bZyDh xo T[vh nkJh. wkB'

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g3231T[; dk g?o jh Xosh s/ Bk bZr/.

(7) wksk ih d/ xo ;Zs g[Zso j'J/. fiBQK ftu'I S'N/ u'jKg[ZsoK B/ ebrhXo gksFkj ih dh \"i ftu Gkoh ;/tk ehsh.fJj gq;zr sK nkgK ;G/ jh ikDd/ jK go n;K fJ; gq;zr dhrzGhosk dh sfj sZe ikDk j?. T[j fJj j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp;kfonK ikfwnK ftu jh to d/Id/ oj/. wksk ;[bZyDh ih ~fbysh o{g ftu to feT[I fdZsk < @@s?~ fJe g[Zso pyfFnk##iK,@@nZSk phph, s/o/ xo fJe g[Zso j't/rk## J/B/ Bkb jh wksk;[bZyDh ih dh s;Zbh j' ikDh ;h. go fJzi ehsk Bk. fby e/to fdZsk. ns/ T[j Gh x'V/ dh fjb i[b Bkb fJe dh EkT[I;Zs fby/ rJ/.

(8) nZi eZbQ d/ gVQ/ fby/ uks[o fJ; gq;zr pko/ eJhgqeko d/ Nhek-fNZgDh Go/ g/F eo ;ed/ jB ns/ eod/ GhjB. r[owfs-e'B s'I fJ; ftF/ s/ ftuko fJ; gqeko j? L-sZsykb;k ikDdk j? fe,@@BkBer[o{r[o{j?g{ok a a a##(gazBk882) ns/@@g{o/ekehnk;GfeS[g{okxfNtfXfeS[ Bkjh (gzBk 1412)## r[o{ih d/ bkvb/ f;Zy fJj Gh ikDd/ jB fe, @@eoB?jkoBG{bBjkok

(gzBk 253).## i' r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ fbfynk(eosoh-tku)iKr[o{ ih gk;'I fbfynk frnk (eowBh-tku) fJe jh pks j?. fJ;gq;zr okjhI r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ irs ~ fJj dZ;Dk ;h fe g{o/ r[o{dh ;'u nEtk eoBh nNZb ns/ ;fs j?. wksk ;[bZyDh ih d/xo fgSbh T[wo/ ;Zs g[ZsoK B/ g?dk j' e/ f;Zy fJfsjk; ftufJj ;p{s ohekov eotk fdZsk fe r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ i' e[Mehsk iK r[o{ ;kfjp ih gk;'I i' e[M j'fJnk (iKfJj Gh efjbT[ fe r[o{ ;kfjp ih B/ i' e[M Gh nkgDh w"i{drh ftueotkfJnk. T[jh mhe j?, ;fs j? ns/ jfo dorfj gotkB j?.nbgZr ihtK dk us[okJh-nXhB ;'funk ftukfonk iK ehskeofsnk ;G e[M wBwfs j? jfo-dorfj n-gotkB j?.

(9) GkJh r[odk; ih, wksk ;[bZyDh ih, ebw, ekr},f;nkjh ns/ r[o{ ih dk x'Vk fJj ;ko/, T[go do;kJh , tod/D tkbh nrzwh y/v ftu e/tb fyvkoh jh ;B. fJ; y/bokjhI,i' wksk ;[bZyDh B/ fJe g[Zso dh wzr F[o{ ehsh, r[o{;kfjp ih B/ ;ko/ ;z;ko ~ b[gs sohe/ Bkb dZf;nk j? fe, @@n?d[BhnK d/ ukso b'e', @@eoB?jko[BG{bBjkok (253).## r[o-eoBh oZph o}k j?,fJ; bJh gotkB j? (r[o eoBh goXkB j?).r[o eoBh ftu rabsh BjhI j[zdh. (nkg/gNhebwnkfgT[gfob/

y[fGsz{ 1291)

(10) skjhUI jh r[owfs dh fJ; r[ZMh ow} ~ ;wMDtkb/ r[of;Zy ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ r[o-ou/ gktB bVhdko;o{g d/ ekfJb jB. T[j ;wMd/ jB fe gd-S/d ;o{g dhouBk ukso f;ZyK tb'I r[o{ ;kfjp ih dh gktB ns/ g{oBeoBh dh B[eskuhBh dk fbysh ;p{s j?. r[o{ d/ f;Zy fJ;B[eskuhBh dh jkwh GoB ftu nkgDh t'N BjhI gkT[Id/. fJewBwfs F[o{ eoB Bkb eJh j'o fYfbnkJhnK ;kv/ ihtB ftunk f;o u[Zedhnk jB.

(11) g{o/ (;opzr) r[o{ B/ nkgDh g{oh wfs nB[;ko ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gktB bVhdko ;o{g dh ;kiBk ;kih.@@g{okr[o[g{ohwfsikehg{oBgqGe/ekwk (gzBk 630).## sK fcon;hI thjthI ;dh d/ nX{oh wfs tkb/ nbgZr iht fe; jhJ/Bkb bVhdko ;o{g dh EkT[I gd-S/d ;o{gK d/ gqekF eoh ub/ik oj/ jK< :kd oj/ fe,@@gqGGkDknkgDkGKtdk (gzBk 1258).##

oZp ~ fJj gd-S/dhnK dk GkDk BjhI GkT[Idk. wksk ;[bZyDhih d/ gq;zr s'I fJj rZb pVh ;gZFN j? fe r[o{ ;kfjp rbshBjhI eod/. sK fco gd-S/d ;o{gK okjhI n;hI r[o{ ;kfjp ihdh eoBh ~ rabs ;kps eoB dk gkg Bk ewkJhJ/. ebrhXogksFkj ih B/ i' ehsk j?, T[; ~ ;fseko ;fjs wzB bJhJ/.

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g3433fJ; ftu jh ;[y j?. BjhI sK ;kvh y/j-yokph jh j't/rh. :Ekr[otke L-i'i'eo?;'JhwfBb/j[.. fpB[wkB/ofbj'tfjy/j (896).##

fJ; bJh gd-S/dsk d/ jkwhnK ~, ;'u e/, nkgD/ Gb/ bJh,gd-S/dsk dh e[-oh; fsnkr d/Dh ukjhdh j?.

(12) wfjzrh pkDh dk F[ZX T[ukoB dZ;D iK f;ybkT[Ddk fJj sohek BjhI fe ;w[Zuh pkDh jh gd-S/d eo e/ XodJhJ/. r[opkDh e'F (fveFBoh) fJ; ekoi ftu ek\h jZdsZe ;jkJh j?. gd-S/d d/ jkwh fJj Y[uo vkj[zd/ jB fe@@bVhdko ;o{g s'I gkm eoBk n"yk j?, rbshnK j[zdhnK jB,pZu/ fJ; s'I gkm BjhI eo ;ed/, gd-S/d ;o{g s'I pZu/ gkm eo;ed/ jB, E'V/ gVQ/ Gh gkm eo ;ed/ jB, rbshnK fpbe[bBjhI j[ zdhnK, iK pj[s, xZN j[zdhnK jB, gkm B eoB Bkb'Igkm eo ;eDk sK uzrh j? Bk## fJfs nkfd.

(13) fJ; f]nkb d/ jkwh @@r[of;Zy ihtBh## ns/ wBw[fyihtBh## ftu FkfJd \oe BjhI ;wMd/. r[ow[fy ihtBh j? r[o{nkF/ nB[;koh j? e[ ubDk (r[o{ ih ehs/ dk ;fseko eoBk) oZp~ sK ;ko/ jh :kd eod/ jB-r[ow[fy Gh ns/ wBw[fy Gh,bVhtko ;o{g d/ T[gkFe Gh ns/ gd-S/d ;o{g d/ jkwh Gh.sK fco \oe feZE/ j'fJnk < fJ; ;tkb dk T[so r[o{ ih nkgjh d/Id/ jB L-

wBw[fyjfojfoefoEe/w?b[Bk;ehX'fJ## (gzBk 39) wBw[yB/ nkgDh us[okJh nXhB oZp ~ pE/ok :kd ehsk, gkm g{ikehsh, go T[BQK dh gkgK dh w?b X[gD'I ofj rJh @@epho

okw?okwej[efjp/wkfjfpp/e. J/enB/e?fwfbrfJnkJ/e;wkBkJ/e

(1374)..## ;ZG/ jh tkfjr[o{ dk f;woB eod/ jB gof;woB eoB ftu \oe (fpp/e) j? T[j \oe eh j? < T[j \oefJjh j? fe, wBw[fy ;j;-f;nkDgh us[okJhnK ftu oZp oZpeodk j'fJnk u[ok;h d/ GhV-GVZe/ dh Gowko ftu ik fwfbnk

(nB/e? fwfb rfJnk) Gkt, fe u"ok;h G[rsD tkfbnk ftu ikofbnk,ns/ r[ow[fy (r[o{ eoBh gotkB eoB tkbk, r[o{nB[;koh j' e/ uZbD tkbk r[o{ d/ ehs/ dk ;fseko eoB tkbk)oZp-oZp eodk oZp ftu ik ofbnk, fJe (oZp) ftu ;wk frnk(;wkB J/e). oZp ~ sK d'jK XfVnK B/ jh :kd ehsk, gfjb/XV/ B/ nkgDh us[okJh fJj' \oe j?. @@r[ow[fybkXk# ns/wBw[fyrtkfJnk# :EkL @r[ow[fybkjkb?rJ/wBw[yub/w{brtkfJ

ihT[ .. (gzBk 74)..##

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T[gokbk-5gkm-p'X ;wkrw dh pj[w[Zbh d/D

gfjbk gkm-p'X ;wkrw s/ik f;zx ;w[zdoh jkb nzfwqs;oih ftu 23 nr;s 1979 ~ nozG j'fJnk ns/ 15 ;szpo1979 ~ ;wkgs j'fJnk. fJ; ;wkrw ftu gzE d/ T[x/ r[DhfrnkBh, Nhekeko, rq zEh ;kfjpkB, f;zx ;GktK d/ ftdtkB,gzikp dhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK tb'I gqf;ZX vkeNo ns/ gq'c?;o,cko;h, fjzdh, ;z;feqs ns/ gzikph }pkB d/ wkjo, f;yfwFBoh ekb} d/ fgq z;hgb, eJh T[xhnK ;z;EktK d/B[wkfJzd/, joy'tkb ns/ ;[bskBg[o d/ ;zs ;kfjpkB, ;qhdopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o ih d/ rqzEh ;kfjpkB, eJh j'o,r[opkDh dh uzrh ;{M oZyD tkb/ ftukotkB gq/wh ;ZiD ns/eJh sZs r[of;Zyh d/ G"o/ r[of;yK B/ fjZ;k fbnk.

(2) T[go do;kJ/ thukotkBk dh ;jkfJsk tk;s/ j/mfbyhnK fbysK tZb Gh u'yk fXnkB fdtkfJnk frnk j? L-

(T) GkJh r[odk; ih dhnK tkoK,(n) NheK GkJh ekjB f;zx ih BkGk,(J) Nhek GkJh ;kfjp GkJh tho f;zx ih,(;) Nhek gq'c?;o ;kfjp f;zx ih.(j) Nhek gzvs skok f;zx ih Bo'sw,(e) ;pdkoE ns/(y) @@brK wksoK dh ftbZyDsk##, GkJh ;kfjp GkL oDXho

f;zx ih fbys.(3) fJ; ;ko/ ;wkrw dk sZs;ko r[opkDh dk F[X gkm

eoBk ;h, fi; ftu ftnkeofDe fB:wktbh ~ w[y fXnkBd/Dk ns/ }o{oh ;wfMnk frnk L-

(T) FpdK dk F[X (nZyoh) fBy/V,

(n) mhe irQk s/ noX fp;okw ns/ fp;okw,(J) nZyoK T[go b[gs br-wksoh fpzd/ ns/ nZXe dk

T[ukoB,(;) @j# nZyo dk w[esk, n"eV ns/ f;jkoh ;fjs

T[ukoB,(j) @:# ns/ @n# nZyoK dk T[ukoB ns/(e) d[johnK brK wksoK dk T[ukoBB'N L (T) nZyoK d/ g?o ftu fpzdk brk e/, fJBQK ~

Bt/I nZyoK dk o{g d/ e/ T[ukoB d/ jZe ftu, \ko;h ns/;z;feqsdkB th g/F j'J/, sK i[ r[opkDh nzdo nkJ/ \ko;h ns/;z;feqs FpdK dk fJBQK GkFktK d/ fB:wK nB[;ko F[X T[ukoBj' ;e/.

(n) nZyoK d/ g?o ftu fpzdk brk e/ T[ukoB d/ jZe ftuGh ftuko g/F j'J/, ns/ e/tb r[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ ou/ 35 nZyoKftu jh r[opkDh d/ T[ukoB ~ r[owfs nB[e{b ;wMD s/ }'ofdZsk frnk sK i[ r[owfs fB:wktbh nB[;ko r[opkDh d/T[ukoB ftu g?IshnK nZyo s'I fJbktk j'o e'Jh nZyo tXk e/ BkFkfwb ehsk ikJ/ ns/ fijV/ nZyoK ftu r[opkDh fbyh rJh j?T[BQK nZyoK dh nktk} dh jZd-pzdh ftu jh r[opkDh T[ukohikJ/.

(4) fJ; ;wkrw B/ w"i{dk gkmhnK dhnK r[opkDh d/T[ukoB ftu eJh nF[XhnK d{o ehshnK. go eJh EkJhI nfij/Fpd Gh nkJ/ fiBQK d/ F[X fBy/V pko/ e'Jh fBoDk bk fbnkik ;fenk, feT[Ife fJBQK FpdK d/ fBy/V pko/ gqwDheftdtkBK d/ Nhe/ ns/ e'F ns/ jk}o p[XhtkBK dh nbZr okJ/;kjwD/ nkJh. ni/j/ FpdK ~ j'o ftuko r'uok SZfvnk frnk.

(5) frnkBh r[ofdZs f;zx ih, iL ;eZso e/Idoh ;Gk B/nkgD/ GkFD ftu f;Zy fJfsjk; ftu fw;kbk d/ e/ fejk fe

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g3837@@pkDh dk nF[X T[ukoB eoBk th x'o gkg j?## (d/y' f;zx ;GkgZsoek Btzpo 1979 ;\k 121). sK fco gd-S/d phVKnF[X gkm eoB d/ gouko dk jh ;kXB jB ns/ frnkBhr[ofdZs f;zx ih d/ x'yt/I ftuko nB[;ko fJBQK phVK s'I gkmeoB tkfbnK gk;'I x'o gkg eokT[D dk jh ;kXB jB. fJ;gkg dh f}zw/dkoh gzE d/ T[BQK nkr{nK d/ f;o j? fiBQK B/ gd-S/d phVK SgtkJhnK.

(6) j[D ftukoB tkbh rZb fJj j? fe fiBQK FpdK d/ F[XfBy/V pko/ w"i{dk ns/ phs/ ;w/I d/ ftdtkBK dh okJ/ th ty'tyoh j? T[BQK FpdK d/ F[X fBy/V pko/ gzEe fBoDk fe; soQKfbnk ikJ/rk< fJj e'Jh nfijk w;bk sK j? BjhI fe fJ; dkpj[-;zwsh Bkb c?;bk eo fbnk ikJ/. fJ; pko/ ;op-;zwshfJ; bJh BjhI j' ;edh, feT[Ife u'Nh d/ g[oksB ftdtkB,gq'L ;kfjp f;zx ih, GkJh ;kfjp GkJh tho f;zx ih ns/nB[Gth frnkBtkB GkJh ;kfjp GkJh oDXho f;zx ih, nfddhnK \oe'-\oeh okfJnk gZEo T[s/ bhe j' u[ehnK jB.

(7) fco Gh fJ; w;b/ dk e'Jh Bk e'Jh jZb }o{o bZGDkukjhdk j?. fJ; ~ ftu/ jh BjhI bNedk ofjD d/Dk ukjhdk.fJ; bJh-

(T) nF[X pkDh d/ T[ukoB s'I gd-S/d ;o{gK okjhI nF[ZXpkDh T[ukoB eokT[D d/ gkg dk Gko T[skoB bJh, gktB ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ ;G ;o{g i[Vs FpdK (bVhdko ;o{gK)ftu fsnko ehs/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB.

(n) gkmhnK dh nrtkJh tk;s/ @@F[X pkDh rkJhv## Sgtkfbnk ikDk ukjhdk j?, fi; ftu wfjzr/ (emB) FpdK d/fBy/V pko/ ftdtkBK dh okJ/ fdZsh ikJ/ ns/ fbfynk ikJ/ fe,@@cbkDK fBy/V n;bhns d/ f}nkdk B}dhe ikgdk j?.@@fJ; Bkb w"i{dk-ftdtkBK dh okJ/ Gh Fkwb j' ikJ/rh. fJ;

s'I tZX e[M fbfynk ikDk T[fuZs BjhI ikgdk, feT[Ife nbgZrp[ZXh-tkb/ iht, ;opZr r[o{ ;kfjp ih dh pkDh d/ F[X T[ukoBpko/ iZi pD e/ BjhI p?m ;ed/. jK, e/tb nkgDh okJ/ d/;ed/ jBl c?;bk BjhI.

(8) r[opkDh dk F[X T[ukoB, r[o{ ;kfjp ih dh g{oBfeogk s'I fpBK, j'Dk n;zGt j?. fJj nB[Gtsk dk ftFk j?.gzE ~ oZph G?-GktBh ftu nk e/ fJ; ftF/ s/ dhox ftukoeoB dh nfsnzs b'V j?. FpdK d/ F[X T[ukoB ;zpzXh c?;bkBk sK t'NK d/ nXko s/ ehsk ik ;edk j? ns/ Bk jh fe;/w"i{dk ftdtkB dh f}d T[s/ fBoGo ehsk ik ;edk j?.

(9) Xow gouko ew/NhnK ns/ iE/-pzdhnK ~, r[opkDhd/ g{oB ;fseko ~ w[y oZyfdnK j'fJnk gktB phVK d/bVhdko ;o{g ~ w[V goubs eokT[D dh ;/tk dk phVk u[ZeDkukjhdk j?. ykb;/ dh uVQdh ebk fjZs fJj pVk b'VhIdk, tZvkns/ ;[uZik d{o-nzd/Fh Gfonk edw j?. BjhI sK gzE ~fYfbnkJh dh bZrh ubh nk ojh tkY, d{D ;tkJh j[zdh ubhikt/rh.

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T[gokbk-6r[opkDh dk ;fseko gfjb'I ;h fe nZi <

nZi s'I e'Jh 90 e[ ;kb gfjb'I FpdkoE ;kJh} ftu Sghg'Eh d/ T[gob/ toe/ dh d'jK gkf;nK dh Beb j/m fdZsh iKdhj?.

1> ;fsr[o{ gq;kfd..

;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih

dh

u"Eh g'Eh

r[o{ ih wjkoki d/ gq/wh f;zxK d/ bkG bJh

;fsr[o{ d/ T[gkFe,

w[BFh jhok Bzd

wkfbe ftfdnk gqekFe gq?; bkj"o

B/ gq/w GktBk Bkb Skgh

:zskb: ftZd$ gqekFBHHHHbkj"o, dotk}k F/ok tkbk, w[jZbk BtK

d\so ;qh dopko ;kfjp ;qh nzfwqs;o ih

u/sq tdh 5 ;zws 1945BkBe Fkjh 420

1> ;qh tkfjr[o{ ih eh \fsjfJ; fJFfsjko d[nkok jo yk; tk nkw nZr/ gqrN ehsk

iKdk j? fe fJBQK g'EhnK ~ fJesq eoe/ fJe fibd e'Jh Bkeokt/, i' e'Jh fJ; fJFfsjko d/ fto[ZX eo/rk T[j ;qh r[o{ rqzE;kfjp ih dh fpndph eoB tkbk ;wfMnk ikt/rk ns/ b'egob'e ftu ;fsr[o{ dk d/Ddko j't/rk no T[; ~ ek~Bc"idkoh dhnK eJh J/e d\K pw{ip ;oeko d/ ;kwQD/ gzE ~itkp d/Dk gt/rk.

d;sys L;odko wkB f;zx ;kfjp ;hHnkJhHJhH ;odko pjkdo

w/io o;kbdkonkBo/oh wfi;No/N

;opokj r[od[nkfonkB ;qh nzfwqs;ogq?ihv?IN f;zx ;Gk ;qh nzfwqs;o

fJ; ;o-toe s'I ;gZFN j? fe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/gq/oBk f;zxK d/ bkG bJh g'EhnK d/ o{g ftu pkDh ~ Skfgnkfrnk j? ns/ fJj T[BQK g'EhnK ftu'I u"Eh g'Eh dk T[gobkNkJhNb j?.

(2) g'Eh d/ fJ; NkJhNb d/ nzdob/ gk;/ nkw ;zrsKbJh fJFfsjko fdZsk j'fJnk j?, T[; dh npkos ]k; fXnkBr'uoh j? fe, @@fJBQK g'EhnK ~ fJeZsq eoe/ fJe fibd e'Jh Bkeokt/ i/ e'Jh n?;k eo/rk T[j b'e gob'e ftu ;fsr[o{ dkd/Djko j't/rk ns/ T[;~ ek~B \"idkoh dhnk eJh J/e d\kpw{ip ;oeko ;kwQD/ gzE ~ itkp d/Dk gt/rk.

(3) fJBQK g'EhnK dh u"VkJh nBdk}B ;kY/ S/ fJzu j?ns/ bzpkJh d; fJzu j?. phs/ ;kb uko uko g'EhnK d/ e[M ;?N

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g4241nekb s]s ;kfjp s/ d/y/ rJ/ jB. fJj g'EhnK i[Vs nZyoKftu SkghnK j'JKhnK jB. gq/wh f;zxK d/ gkm f;yD f;ykD bJhjh fJj g'Ehnk SkghnK rJhnK fd; ojhnk ;B.

(4) nZi s'I 90 ;kb gfjb'I sK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/;fseko dk fJsBk f}nkdk f]nkb ofynk iKdk ;h fe phVs'I tZy S'N/ neko ftu i' g'Ehnk SgD,T[j fe;h jkbs ftuth fJe fibd ftu BjhI ehshnK ik ;edhnk, feT[Ife fJ;soQK wjkoki dk g{ok ;fseko BjhI ofynk ik ;edk, p/ndphj'D dk s"ybk j?. ns/ i/ e'Jh T[; ;w/I T[BQk u"jK g'EhnK ~fJe fibd ftu fJeZfmnK eoB dk isB eodk th sK T[;bJh \"idkoh ek~B j/m ekotkJh ehsh ik ;edh ;h.

(5) go nZi r[opkDh d/ ;fseko dk fJj jkb j? fe g'Eh;kJh} s'I th pj[s S'N/ ;kJh} ftu feskpK ns/ r[Ne/ ;kJh}ftu gktB phVK SkgD dk tgko, tkgkoh d[ekBdkoK tZb'I uZbfojk j?. Bk gbzx, Bk o[wkb/, Bk u"o,Bk uzd'nk nas/ Bk jhn;EkB dh gftZsqsk,e[M th BjhI. p;, nkw feskpK tKr bJhfcod/ jB. 90 ;kb gfjbK sK p/-ndph eoB tkfbnK bJhek~B dk e'Jh vzvk ;h, go nAi e'Jh ek~B th r[opkDh dk;fseko ekfJw eoB bJh ;jkfJsk BjhI eodk.

(6) T[d'I r[opkDh dk ndp fJsBk ;h fe gkm f;yDbJh r[opkDh dhnk g'EhnK th i[Vs nZyoK ftu Sgdhnk ;Bns/ gd-S/d SkgD dh e'Jh i[ons BjhI ;h eodk,go j[Dg'EhnK sK eh, ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dhnK gktB phVK thgd-S/d ;o{g ftu SkghnK ik ojhnK jB. p}koh d[ekBdkoKB/ g?;k ewkD ]kso fJ; wBwfs ~ goubs ehsk ;h, j[D;kvhnK gow[y ;z;EktK Fq'wDh ew/Nh torhnK th wBwfs ~c?bkT[D ftu Gkrh pD ojhnK jB ns/ i[Vs phVK dh EKgd-S/d phVK Skg e/ b'eK dh wzr g{oh eo ojhnK jB. jkbKfe fJBQK ;z;EktK B/ e[M ;kb gfjb'I nkg jh gd-S/d phVK

SkgD d/ fto[X ws/ gk; ehs/ ;B. Bw{B/ ti'IL-(1) ekoi ;kXe ew/Nh (uhc ykb;k dhtkB) dk wsk

Bzpo 2682 fwsh 21 iBtoh 1945-@@;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh gd-S/d phV s'I nyzv gkm

j'D ;pzXh w[nkwbk ;bkjekoK dhnK oktK ;w/s g/F j'fJnk,nkfrnk j'Jh fe Bk jh n?;h phV s'I ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dkgqekF j'Dk ikfJ} j? s/ Bk jh fJ; s'I nyzv gkm eoBk ikfJ}j? s/ gd-S/d eoe/ ;koh phV fJe fibd ftu SkgDh Bk-w[Bk;p j?, s/ gzE bJh jkBhekoe j?. Fq'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/Nh ~ fJ; c?;b/ dh Beb G/ih ikt/ s/ nypkoK ftu thgqekFs ehsh ikt/.

(2) r[owsk Bzpo 7, sqhe 1-1-1950 Xkofwe ew/Nh,Fq'wDh r[L gqzL ew/Nh-

@@;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dh gd-S/d phV SkgD iK gqekFeoB ;zpzXh Fq'wDh ew/Nh dh nzfsqzr ew/Nh dk r[owsk Bzpo1637 fwsh 28-4-50,fi; ftu Xkowe ;bkjeko ew/Nhdh okJ/ g[ZSh rJh ;h,g/F j' e/ gotkB j'fJnk fe fisBk fuogzEe s'o s/ fJ; pko/ c?;bk Bk j' ikt/, fe;/ fJe g[oF ~ iK;Gk ;[;kfJNh ~ gd-S/d phV BjhI SkgDh ukjhdh s/ Bk jhgd-S/d phV dk gqekF j'Dk ukjhdk j?.##

(7) j?okBh tkbh rZb sK fJj j? fe nZi s'I 32 e[ ;kbgfjbK sK gd-S/d phVK dk gqekF eoBk, fJBQK d'jK w[yh;z;EktK dh okJ/ nB[;ko, gzE bJh jkBhekoe BkikfJ} ns/Bk-w[Bk;p ;h, go nZi gd-S/d phVK dk gqekF r[Dekoh,ikfJ} s/ w[Bk;p fet/I j' frnk < fJj wBwfs fet/I @r[owfs#pD rJh <

(8) F'qwDh ew/Nh B/ nkgD/ ws/ ftu gk; ehsk ;h fe,@fisBk fuo gzEe s"o s/ fJ; pko/ e'Jh \?;bk Bk j' ikt/, fe;/fJe g[oF ~ iK ;Gk ;[;kfJNh ~ gd-S/d phVh BjhI SkgDh

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g4443ukjhdh s/ Bk jh gd S/d phV dk gqekF j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ehFq'wDh ew/Nh dZ; ;edh j?. fe ew/Nh B/ gd-S/d phV SkgDbZfrnK fejVk gzEe fJeZm ehsk, fJj fJeZm ed'I s/ feZE/;Zfdnk frnk ns/ fejVhnK ;z;EktK T[; ftu Fkwb j'JhnK<ew/Nh B/ nkg/ jh nkgD/ ws/ dh T[bzxDk eo e/ gd-S/d phVkSkgD dk x'o ngokX ehsk j?. i/ fJj w[yh ;z;EktK jhwBwfs d/ tfjD ftu tfj s[oB sK fco fe; s'I nk; oZyhJ/ feT[j e"w ftu tkgo ojh nX'rsh s'I pukJ/rk<

(9) i/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp dk ndp ;fseko n;hI ekfJwBjhI oy ;eKr/ sK ;kvk e'Jh fmekDk BjhI. i/ Xow goukoew/NhnK Xkowe wfsnK T[s/ ubDk jh BjhI sK nfij/ ws/ gk;feT[I ehs/ iKd/ jB< nfij/ ws/ fe; dh s;Zbh eokT[D bJhgk; ehs/ iKd/ jB< fJBQK ~ r[ows/ feT[I fejk iKdk j?<r[owsk sK ;fsekoB :'r ns/ goukoB :'r j?. fJ; ws/ ftur[o{ }kwB ;wfMnk iKdk j?, skjhUI jh fJ; dk Bkw r[owskj?. sK fco r[owfsnK dh T[bzxDk feT[I< r[ows/ dh T[bzxDkeoBk r[ows/ dh wy"b T[vkT[Dk j?. fJj gkg j?.##

(10) Xow gouko ew/Nh (Fq'L r[L gqL ew/Nh) nkgDhXkowe okJ/ d/D s'I gfjbK gzi po; fJ; w;b/ s/ ;'u ftukoeodh ojh, ns/ fJ; f;ZN/ s/ gj[zuh fe gzE s'I g[ZS/ fpBK gd-S/d ;o{g dk gqekF BjhI eoBk ukjhdk. fJ; vz{xh ;'u ftukodk f;ZNk fJj fBefbnk fe gzE s'I g[ZS/ fpBK jh ew/Nh B/ gd-S/d phVK dh SgkJh ns/ gqekF XVk XV nozG eo fdZs/.

(11) uhc ykb;k dhtkB dh w"i{dk gouko ew/Nh ns/ F'Lr[L gqL ew/Nh d/ w"i{dk f}w/tko r[ow[y iB feogk eo e/ fJjdZ;D dh y/ub eoB fe fJBQK d'jK w[yh ;z;EktK B/, r[opkDhd/ ;fseko ~ poeoko oZyD fjs gk; ehs/ rJ/ r[owfsnK T[Zs/nkg gfjok feT[I BjhI fdZsk< eh r[owfsnk dk ;fseko fJzijh j'fJnk eo/rk< eh fJ;/ dk Bkw jh f;Zyh ;wfMnk ikfJnkeo/rk<

T[gokbk-7nkg[ngBhp[fXj?i/sh ..

poBsfGzBfGzBs[fjs/sh ..

r[opkDh- fJj X[o eh pkDh nkJh dk F[ZX toDB, T[ukoBGkt, nkfg ;opZr ;fsr[o{ ih s'I fpBK j'o e'Jh BjhI ikDdk.nbgZr ihtK dh fJsBh gkfJnK jh BjhI j?. ;z;kohnK B/ sK nkgp[ZX nB[;ko jh r[opkDh d/ F[ZX T[ukoB pko/ fenkc/ bkT[D/ jB.fit/I L-gzBk-329

(T) ;rb s ihB[ rrB dT[oktT[HHHHHFpdkoE;rbs ihB[ @@ ##HHHHH(gq'c?;o ;kfjp f;zx ih);rb sihB[HHHHH(Nhek cohde'N, ns/ GkJh tho f;zxih)

gzBk-480

(n) jw w;ehB y[dkJh pzd/ s[wok i;[ wfB Gkt?..HHH(FpdkoE, cohde'N)

jw w;ehB y[dkJh pzd/ s[w oki;[ wfB Gkt?..HHH(GkL tho f;zx ih, g'qL ;kfjp f;zx ih)

gzBk 536

(J) ik;B pk;B ;ji e/b eo[Dkw?HHHHH(FpdkoE,cohde'N)i; B pk;B ;ji e/b eo[Dkw?HHHHH

(g'qL ;kfjp f;zx ih)gzBk 537

(;) fpoy fJe sohnk.. pj[ pzXfj gohnk..HHHH(FpdkoE)fJesohnK

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g4645gzBk 537

(j) nfB eT[ w/ohnk.. ftfu x{wB fxohnk..HHHH(g'qL ;kfjp f;zx ih, FpdkoE)

nfBe T[w/ohnk.. ftfu x{wB fxohnk..HHHH(Nhek cohde'N)

gzBk 618

(e) Gb' ;w{os[ g{ok..HHHHH(FpdkoE, Nhek cohde'N); w{os[ @@ ##HHHHH(g'qL ;kfjp f;zx ih )

gzBk 620

(y) ihT[ gkfJ fgzv[ fifB ;kfinkHHHH(FpdkoE, g'qL ;kfjp f;zx ih)

ih T[gkfJ fgzv[ fifB ;kfinkHHHHH(Nhek cohde'N)gzBk 795

(r) J/s/ e{eo jT[ p/rkBkHHH(FpdkoE, gq'L ;kfjp f;zxih)@@J/s/ e{e ojT[##HHHHHH

(r[opkDh brKwksqK dh ftbZyDskGkL ;kL GkL oDXho f;zx ih)

gzBk 701

(x) wB[ sB[ fBowb eos fenko' jfo f;zu? ;[Xk ;zi'fo..(FpdkoE)

wB[ sB[ fBowb eos fenko' jfo f;zu? ;[Xk;z i'fo..(GkL ;kL GkL oDXho f;zx ih)

(C) go fsqn oktfD ikfj ;/Jh sK bkihnfjHHHH(FpdkoEHHHHskbkihnfjHHHH(GkL;LGkL oDXho f;zx ih)

gzBk 1408

(u) gzukjo[ fBdfbnT[HHHH(FpdkoE)gzukj o[fB dfbnT[HHHH(GkL;kLGkL oDXho f;zx ih)

(2) @@nkg[ nkgBh p[fX j? i/sh## dhnK e[M e[ tzBrhnKT[go do;kJhnK rJhnK jB. nfijhnK j'o pj[s ;kohnKfw;kbK fwbdhnK jB. r[opkDh nrkX p'X j?, e'Jh thftdtkB BjhI efj ;edk fe T[; B/ r[opkDh dk ;jh noEbZG fbnk j?. r[opkDh dh ftnkfynk go/ s'I go/ j?. fi; s/ r[o{;kfjp ih w/jo eoB, T[;~ jh ;jh ;'Mh pyFd/ jB. nB/eKjh gkm ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ftu jB fiBQK d/ gd-S/d pko/gzE d/ wjK g[oFK ns/ ftdtkBK ftu wsG/d jB. nfij/ ;?IeV/ws-G/dK d/ j[zfdnK fejV/ gd-S/d ehs/ j'J/ ~ mhe ejKr/ ns/fejV/ ~ rabs< ;ko/ sK mhe j' BjhI ;ed/. fJ; bJh r[opkDhdk rabs gd-S/d eoB dk gkg feT[I nkgD/ f;o n;hIbJhJ/. fJ; s'I ;ze'u jh T[fuZs j?.

(3) gzE d/ nkr{nK dk ;jh \oi pDdk j? fe T[j gd-S/d phVK dh SgkJh s[ozs pzd eoB. bVhdko ;o{gK ~ w[Vpjkb eoB ns/ gkmhnK dh nrtkJh bJh gkm-rkJhv g[;seKeotkT[D,fiBQK ftu ftdtkBK ns/ wjK g[oFk dh okJ/ dk jhf}eo ehsk ikJ/.

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T[gokbk-8jB/o ;kJhI dk 1

gfjb'I Gh fJj ekch ;wMkD dh e'fFF ehsh rJh j? fer[o{ nkF/ nB[;ko gktB ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk bVhdko(i[Vs FpdK tkbk) ;o{g jh mhe, do[;s ns/ nekb g[oytZb'I X[o-X[ozdoh frfDnk fwfEnk ;o{g j?. r[o{ ;kfjp ih dkgd-S/d ;o{g uks[o wBwshnK dh ;'uDh dk f;ZNk j?. r[o{;kfjp ih dk f;ZNk BjhI j?. fJj w}w{B bsh\ (pkohe) j?. i/eo j[D sZe ehs/ rJ/ T[gokb/ d/ pkti{d Gh fJj x[zvh e[M e[;ZiDK dh ;wM ftu Bk nk ;Zeh j't/ sK T[BQK dh ;jkfJsktk;s/ fJe j'o T[gokbk ehsk iKdk j?.

r[opkDh d/ bVhdko ;o{g s'I gkm eoB tkb/ go/wh, fijV/eJh emB FpdK d/ F[X fBy/V pko/ nkg; ftu ;fjwsh BjhIoZyd/, r[opkDh d/ rabs T[ukoB ~, fJe d{i/ dk jh e;{odZf;nk eod/ jB. e'Jh efjzdk j? gq'c?;o ;kfjp f;zx ih Nhe/w[skfpe Fpd-fBy/V mhe j?. e'Jh efjzdk j?, GkJh ekjBf;zx ih d/ e'F w[skfpe Fpd-fBy/V mhe j?, e'Jh GkL ;kLGkJh oDXho f;zx ih tb'I fdZsh nrtkJh ~ mhe wzBdk j?. go;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih tZb e'Jh wB[Zy th T[Irb eoB dhi[oZns BjhI eo ;edk fe fJj rabshnK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ihdhnK jB, feT[Ife ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih nzdo @@;w{jr[opkDh## i[Vs FpdK ftu doi j?. bVhdko ;o{g s'I mhe iKrabs T[ukoB eoBk gkmh iBK dk nkgDk jh eosZt j?.bVhdko ;o{g j'D d/ ekoB r[o{-;kfjp ih gd-S/dhnK s'Iw[es jB. (rabsh-ofjs jB). r[o{ g{ok j? ns/ nG{bk j?. n;hInX{o/ jK ns/ ;dk jh G[bDjko jK.

j[D nkgK ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ gd-S/d ;o{g tZbfXnkB fbnkJhJ/. eJh gd-S/d ;o{g pkikoh tgkohnK B/gfozN eokJ/ jB ns/ eJh F'qwDh ew/Nh B/. fJBQK ftu eJhgd-S/dh \oe jB. fJBQK ;o{gK ftu'I e'Jh Gh fJe ;o{g ;w[{jNhekekoK dh s;Zbh BjhI eo ;edk. FpdK d/ fBy/V pko/ fi;fi; Nhekeko tb'I fdsh rJh ftnkfynk dk e'Jh ekfJb j?,T[; T[; Nhekeko fdqVQ ftFtkF Bkb mhe ;wMdk j? ns/ pkehd/ NhekekoK dh dbhb ~ rabs ;wMdk j?. fJ; bJh fJBQK;w{j gkmhnK ~ gd-S/d ;o{gK ftu eJh-eJh rabshnK gfozNj'JhnK B}o nkT[IdhnK jB, fiBQK tZb T[IrbK eo e/ fJjb'e nkgDh okJ/ ~ do[;s fwEd/ jB. fJ; soQK r[opkDh d/rabs T[ukoB dh f}zw/tkoh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ f;o jhEZgh iKdh j?. tzBrh wkso e[M e[ rabshnK fJ; goekojB L-

1H fJe Nhekeko efjzdk j?, @@J/s/ e{eo jT[ p/rkBk##gkm mhe j?.d{ik efjzdk j?, @@J/s/ e{e ojT[ p/rkBk##, gkmdo[;s j?.##

2H fJe efjzdk j? fe, @@do ;ohsk## Fpd-fBy/V mhe j?.d{ik efjzdk j? fe, @@do; ohsk##fBy/V mhe j?.

3H e'Jh @@gzukj o[fB dfbnT[## gkm mhe ;wMdk j?.e'Jh @@gzukjo[ fBdfbnT[## ~ mhe ;wMdk j?.

4H e'Jh @@Fpd ;[ofs eh Bht oykJh## jh do[;s wzBhp?mk j? ns/ d{i/ @@Fpd ;[ofs ehBh toykJh## ~;gFN eodk j?.

5H e'Jh ;fsr[o gq;kfd## fBy/V ~ mhe efjzdk j?.e'Jh @@;fs r[ogq;kfd## fBy/V mhe efjzdk j?.fJfs nkfd tZy tZy okfJnK jB.

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g5049fJ; gqeko j'o nB/eK Fpd jB, fiBQK d/ F[X fBy/V pko/

r[DtkB ftneshnK ftu fJe okJ/ BjhI j?. fJe gd-S/d ;o{gfejV/ fejV/ Nhekeko dh s;Zbh eokJ/rk< ;GBK dh s;ZbheokT[Dh sK fJe gd-S/d ;o{g bJh n;zGt j?. fi; Nhekekodh s;Zbh Bk j'Jh, Uj' jh gd-S/d rabshnK T[s/ BZeuVkQJ/rk. sK fco gd-S/d ;o{g dk ;fseko feZE/ ofjnk<

jB/o ;kJhI dk. r[o{ rabs ns/ n;hI mhe. nc;'; ;dnc;';. r[opkDh ~ gd-S/d eoB Bkb, fJe fe;w dk, r[o{;kfjp ih d/ wz{j ftu, r[opkDh d/ rbs T[ukoB ~ gk fdZskfrnk j?. fJj ;G ~ :kd oj/ fe ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ;kfjpih B/ bVhdko ;o{g ~ wZEk N/e e/ r[o-rZdh p]Fh ;h. fJ;bJh bVhdko ;o{g jh r[o-rZdh d/ wkbe jB ns/ ;w{j gzEtb'I g{oB ;fseko d/ :'r jZedko jB. bVhdko ;o{g jh fJenfijk ;o{g j? i' r[opkDh dh ;zg{oBsk ns/ ;jh j'Id dk ;kyhj? ns/ gd-S/dh rabshnK s'I w[es j?. @@jwG{bjs[w;dknG{bk

a a a a##(1213) tkbk r[o-\[owkB e/tb bVhdko ;o{g s/ jhY[edk j?, gd-S/d ;o{g s/ BjhI. t?;/ r[opkDh dk ;fseko sKjo jkbs ftu n;K tX s'I tX eoBk j?.

;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih nzdo Fpd-fBy/V rabshnK r[opkDh~ gd-S/d eoB Bkb jh , T[sgzB j'JhnK jB, fJBQKrabshnk d/ ekoB ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih ~ pfj; w[pfj;/ dkftFk pDk fdsk frnk j?, fi; dk d'F nEtk g{oh f}w/tkohr[opkDh ~ gd-S/d eoB tkfbnK ;ZiDK dh j?, i' fe Bk-ekpb/ w[nk\h j?, gd-S/d ;o{g dk gouko eoBk, nEtk fJ;dh jkwh GoBk Gh ;k~ fJ; d'F s'I poh BjhI j'D fdzdk.

fJ; bJh ;w{j r[o-n;EkBK, XowFkbK ns/ xoK nzdo,gktB ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ bVhdko ;o{g dk gqekF j'DkT[fus,tkip ns/ ;jh j?. e/tb fJ; soQK eoB Bkb jh

r[opkDh-rabs-T[ukoB dk d'F, r[o{ ;kfjp ih d/ f;o s'I jNke/ w[V gkmh ;ZiDK d/ f;o EZfgnk ik ;edk j?. fco d'F j? Ghgkmh iBK dk jh, r[o{ ;kfjp ih dk BjhI j?. r[o{ ;kfjp ihd/ f;o sK fJj pd' pdh wfVQnk frnk j?. ns/ wfVQnk gd-S/dh gq/whnK B/ j?.

gzE d/ ;w{j fizw/tko ftneshnk d/ uoBK ftu p/Bsh j?fe nkgDk nZrk ;ztkoB bJh T[j r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/bVhtko ;o{g ~ w[V pjkb eoB dk g{ok T[gokbk eoB ns/fJBQK ;o{gK ~ nikJhI jh Bk nrBh G/N eod/ s[o/ ikD.

rabs f}Zd T[s/ nVh ikDk F'Gdk BjhI. ;jh Fpd-fBy/V ;fsr[o{ nkg jh ikDd/ jB iK T[j ikDBr/ fiBQK T[s/r[o{ ;kfjp ih g{oB pyFF eoBr/. n;hI nbgZr nkgDh p[ZXhnB[;ko nB[wkB brk ;ed/ jK.

F[X gkm eoB eokT[D d/ tkip T[gokb/ ehs/ ikD/ukjhd/ jB.

gd-S/d ;o{gK dh pj[sks B/, r[o{ ou/ bVhdko ;o{gK ~iK sK nbwkohnk ftu, p/-b'V/ ;wM e/,pzd eok fdZsk j?, ns/iK tX/o/ s"o s/, r'fJzdtkb ;kfjp G/i e/ p?;zso d/ts/ d/;g[od eok fdsk j?. fJj j? r[o-eoDh (bVhdko ;o{g) dkjFo, i' ;kvh gd-S/d o[uh B/ ;zGt eo fdykfJnk j?. n\;';.n\;';.. n\;';..

rZb, nkyo ~ J/E/ nk e/ w[Zedh j? fe @@i'r[o[ej?

;'JhGbwkBj[ a a a a(667).## fJ; dk Gkt fJj BjhI fe r[o{ ihd/ ej/ ~ Gbk wzB' ns/ r[o{ ih d/ ehs/ ~ Gbk Bk wzB/. d'B'Ijh r[o{ ih dh eEBh ns/ eoBh, f;yK dh nrtkJh bJh jhjB. ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gktB bVhdko ;o{g r[o eoBhj?. fJ; ;o{g ~ ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ wZEk N/e e/ r[o{ BkBe;kfjp ih dh rZdh T[s/ ;F'Gs ehsk. fJj ;kv/ bJh nrtkJh

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g5251;h, fJ; d/ bV br/ ofjD bJh. J/;/ soQK gzik fgnkfonK gk;'Inzfwqs Se e/ ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ ;k~ ykb;k ;iD ;zpzXhnrtkJh fdZsh. ;wMdkoK bJh, r[of;yK dh nrtkJh fjs,r[o-eoBh dhnk, fJj d' fw;kbK jh ek\h jB.

r[opkDh nzdo EK-EK s/ r[o{ ih dh tfvnkJh ns/ ;fsekodk Yzv'ok j?. i's[X[Gkt?;'Jhuzrka aa a a.## i/ n;hI fJ; s[e ~ jhfXnkB ftu b? nkJhJ/ nekb g[oy ns/ r[o{ ~ fJe o{g ;wMd/j'J/, fJ; s[e dk Gkt e[M fJ; gqeko gqshs j't/rk fe i' e[MGh nekb g[oy nEtk r[o{ ~ Gkt/ ;'Jh uzrk j?, ns/ Uj' e[Mr[of;ZyK ~ Gh uzrk brDk ukjhdk j?, feT[Ife n;hI nrtkJhi[ r[o{ gk;'I jh b?Dh j'Jh. fJ; dbhb ~ nZr/ s'ofdnK j'fJnK,i/ ebrhXo gksFkj ih ~ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk bVhdko;o{g GkfJnk j?, sK r[of;ZyK ~ fJj ;o{g feT[I Bk uzrkbZr/< gd-S/d ;o{g d/ jkwhnK ~ fJ; s[e ~, nZyhI whN e/BjhI gVQ ikDk ukjhdk.

jK, r[opkDh d/ F[ZX T[ukoB bJh fisB/ Gh tkip ns/:'r T[gokb/ j' ;eD, eoB/ ukjhd/ jB go r[orZdh d/ wkbe,;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk ebrhXo-GkfJnk-i[Vs-;o{g(bVhdko ;o{g) ekfJw ofjDk ukjhdk j? ns/ oj/rk Gh ekfJwi[Vs ;o{g jh.

fijV/ gq/wh, r[opkDh dk gquko eoB fjs, d{;ohnK }pkBK

ftu r[opkDh d/ T[gd/F dk T[bEk eoB dk T[sFkj oZyd/ jB,

T[BQK B/ FkfJd fJ; rZb tb :'r fXnkB BjhI fdsk fe Bkw

ns/ pkDh jh efbnkB-ekoh j?, fJBQK dk T[bZEk BjhI.

@@r[opkDhrktj[GkJh .. Uj;cb;dk;[ydkJh j? ns/ ;cb j?.

r[opkDh d/ T[bZE/ ftu fJj n;o edkfus BjhI j' ;edk.

nzfwqspkDhnfwT[o;[nzfwqsjfoekBkT[ ##(962-63).. r[opkDh

ns/ Bkw jh nzfwqs-o; jB, fJjBK dk T[bZEk nzfwqs-o; BjhI

pD ;edk.

nrzwh-ebk toskT[D tkbk nzfwqs, ;op-b'j d/ yzv/ pkN/

Bkb, gzi pkDhnK gVQ e/ fsnko j[zdk j?. gzi pkDhnK dk T[bZEk

gVQ e/ nzfwqs dk ebk-feqFwh pkNk BjhI fsnko j' ;edk. f;yh

gquko d/ jkwhnK ~ ukjhdk j? fe, T[j b'eK ~ r[ow[yh fbyD-

gVQD tb, T[BQK dh }pkB ftu gq/oBk eoB, sK i[ T[j b'e

r[opkDh ~ nkgD/ n;bh o{g ftu gVQD ns/ ;wMD dk T[gokbk

eo ;eD. e/tb fJ; gqeko gq/os j'Jh b[ekJh jh, nzfwqs Se

e/, Bkw pkDh Bkb i[V e/, oZp dh gqkgsh tZb e'Jh m'; edw u[Ze

;edh j?. n?It/I BjhI. ;kvhnK nkgDhnk p/-frDs B;bK, gzikph

p'bh ikD tkbhnK ns/ fJBQK ftu'I pj[s ;kohnK r[ow[yh fby gV

;eD tkbhnK, Bkw pkDh s'I fpbe[b ;[zBhnK fco ojhnK jB.

gouko d/ jkwh fJBQK tZb feT[I BjhI fXnkB eod/< fJjBK ~

r[opkDh dh wjZssk e"D ;wMkJ/rk< gouko dk sK n?It/I pjkBk

jh j?. T[BQK d/ wB ftu sK bVhdko ;o{g dh fto'Xsk ns/ gd-

S/d ;o{g ~ gqubs eoB dh y[sy[sh brh j'Jh j?. nfij/ gq/whnK

d/ uoBK ftu p/Bsh j? fe T[j ;ZiD fJ; rZb ~ ;jh noEK ftu

;wMD dh e'fFF eoB fe, @gd-S/d# nbgZr ihtK dh wBwfs

dh ekY j? ns/ bVhdko (i[Vs ;o{g) ;opZr r[o{ ;kfjp ih dh

r[owfs ekY j?. ;kfjpK dk j[ew Gh j? fe-

wBehwfsfsnkrj[jfoiBJ/jkpKsem?Bh ..3.. 5 ..(800)

;[nkd Gh sK emB ezw d/ eoB ftu jh j'fJnk eodk j?.;fjb/ ezw ~ sK jkoh ;koh jh jZE gk b?Idh j?. @@fw;b\ehok

rkyVhgkJhn?g{oeozw##. @sZs# f;Zyh ~ ;wMD dh ns/ ;wM e/ngBkT[D dh b'V j?. f;Zyh ~ n"y ns// ;"y d/ }kthJ/ s'I BjhIftukoBk ukjhdk. f;Zyh dk gouko rZbhI pksh BjhI j' ;edk. fJjgouko sk f;Zyh ihtB ihT[ e/ jh j' ;edk j?. f;Zyh ~ ;"yh pDkJh

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g5453ikD tkfbnk B/, d/y' f;Zyh ofjs dk eh jkb eo fdykfJnk j? <feogkB S'Nh j[zdh j[zdh nZXh fJzu sZe gj[zu rJh j?. ftukohfeogkB fwnkB ns/ rkso/ s'I ybk;h gkT[Idh j'Jh Xkr/ okjhI j'e/ ezx/ ftu ik ;wkJh j?. eSfjok nkgDk ykb;Jh o{g fsnkr e/gZSwh ;fGnskd/ n;o nXhB e[M dk e[M pD frnk j?. eV/ d/izrkb s'I puD bJh n;hI fJ; d/ n;bh sZs s'I jh jZE X' p?m/ jK.ezxk e/tb pokJ/ ofjs jh ofj frnk j?, e/;K dh ;/tk bJh BjhI,e/tb ezxhnK jh tosd/ jK. e/;eh (e/;eh) ~ gfjoBk sK fJegk;/ fojk,;kv/ wBK ftu e/;eh tk;s/ B\os B/ nk e/ tk;k eofbnk j?. fJj' jh jkb nzfwqs t/b/ d/ T[mD dk j?. T[mD d/ eJhpjkB/ pDk e/ nkgDh irQk fwZmh BhId/ ;"D ~ d/ fdZsh iKdh j?.fijVk gouko ;k~ nkg eoBk ukjhdk ;h, T[j n;K f\bwhn?eNoK d/ jtkb/ eo fdZsk j?. Gkt fe jo gfjb{ s'I ;"y s/ nkokwjh ;kvk fBFkBk pD frnk j?. j'o pj[sh uouk eh eoBh j?.

@@e'JhnkfJfwb?r'rkjehb/r'wjr/w'fb ..## (1316)

dk; tkX xkN tb'I ;zrsK gk;'I fywk dk ikue j?.tkfjr[o{ ih dk ykb;k tkfjr[o{ ih dh csj .

T[gokbk-9i'r[o[j?;'JhGb[wkBj[

eJh ;ZiD wfj;{; eod/ jB fe irs ftu r[opkDh d/ goukobJh d[BhnK dhnK pj[s ;kohnK p'bhnK ftu, r[opkDh dk T[bZEkehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?, sK i' d[BhnK d/ b'eK ~ f;Zy Xow pko/frnkB j' ;e/ ns/ T[j b'e r[opkDh dk bkG T[mk ;eD. d{;ohnKp'bhnK ftu T[bZEk eoB bJh fJj }o{oh j? fe r[opkDh ~ gd-S/d ;o{g ftu fbnKdk ikJ/. fJ; T[gokb/ s'I fpBK r[opkDh dkT[bZEk j'Dk emB j?. fJBQK ;ZiDK dk ftuko j? fe nfij/ T[gokb/bJh phs/ ;w/I d/ nB[Gtsk oZyD tkb/ r[ow[yK dhnK fbysK,;{MtkBK d/ Nhe/ ns/ w"i{dk ;w/I d/ ;[bM/ j'J/ frnkBtkBK dhftukoXkok dk bkG T[mk e/, f}nkdk s'I f}nkdk F[X Fpd-fBy/V d/ nXko s/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dk gd-S/d ;o{g fsnkoehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

;z;ko Go ftu r[opkDh gqukoB d/ fynkb w[pkoe jB, gor[opkDh dhnK ;op-ekbh s/ ;op-d/;h ;ukJhnK dh N'j wksojh d{;ohnk p'bhnk ftu fdsh ik ;edh j?. r[opkDh d/ wjkBGktK ~ ;jh o{g ftu fe;/ soiw/ ftu iK fe;/ j'o p'bh ftudo;kfJnk BjhI ik ;edk. ns/ Bk jh ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih dhr[osk-ebk ~ gqt/F ehsk ik ;edk j?. ;' n?;/ g/qwhnK ns/ r[opkDhs/ nkFeK gk; fpB? j? fe wB[y wkso ~ T[BQK dh p'bh ftu r[owfsdh ftbZyDsk ns/ T[uZsk pko/ o"FBh p/Fe gkT[D, go Bkb jhT[BQK ~ gq/oB fe i/ ;jh noEK ftu gqG{-fwbkg dhnK gT[VhnK s/uVQBk b'ud/ j' sK gzikph (r[ow[yh) f;y' ns/ T[; wjkB ouBkBkb n;bh o{g ftu i[V', sK jh ;jh noEK ftu Bkw-nzfwqs dh

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bVhdko ;o{g bVhdko ;o{g5655;'Mh g? ;edh j?.

f;Zy Xow d/ gquko dk d{;ok gfjb{ fJj j?. nekb g[oy B/nkgD/ X[o-X[ozdoh gq'rokw nB[;ko,ebi[r ihtK d/ T[Xko bJh,fJe dkfJwh wkor ubkT[Dk ;h, fi; wkor s/ uZb e/ gqwkswkdk w/b ;zGt j' ;e/. fJ; wkor dh nrtkJh,X[o eh pkDh B/ ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ o{g ftu eoBh ;h, ns/ yzv/ dh gkj[bokjhI,ofjzdh d[BhnK sZe, ;z;kohnK ~ fJ; wkor s/ fbnkT[DbJh, gziK fgnkfonK dk X[otk ekfJw eoBk ;h.

;' fJ; b'V ~ nekb g[oy B/ nkg, ;qh r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp ih d/o{g ftu (gkopqjwr[oBkjhG/d[-1142) d; ikw/ Xko e/ g{ok ehsk.ebrhXo gksFkj ih B/ 1699 Jh;th ftu gzi fgnkfonK dh;kiBk ;kih. T[BQK B/ wB[yh ikw/ ftu ftuofdnK j'fJnK seohpBB" po; se fJ; g{oB i[rsh ~ sZfenk. 1708 Jh;th ftu ;qhr[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ bVhdko ;o{g ~ r[o-rZdh pyF e/,ebrhXo gksFkj ih nkg,i'sh i'fs ;wk rJ/.

fJj sK wzBD:'r rZb BjhI fe nekb g[oy, fi; dk ehsk,

;G e[M g{ok j?, ns/ fi; dh eoBh ftu e'Jh tkX xkN BjhI j?,

T[; ~ fJj Gh Bk gsk j't/ fe r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ih dh rZdh d/

wkbe ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, fiBQK B/ ofjzdh d[BhnK se, gzE dh

nrtkJh eoBh j?, T[BQK dk bVhdko ;o{g :'r oj/rk, iK fe gd-

S/d ;o{g mhe oj/rk. fijV/ f;Zy ebrhXo gksFkj ih d,/,

r[orZdh s/ ;Ekgs ehs/ rJ/ bVhdko ;o{g ~ fsnkr e/, gd

S/d ;o{g ~ w[jo/ fbnk oj/ jB, pkiK tkb/ ;fsr[o{ ih fJBQK ~

fej' fij/ f;Zy ;wMd/ j'Dr/ < eh gd-S/d ;o{g ~ bVhdko

gksFkj ih d/ ;fseko ~ tXkT[Dk efjbkJ/rk iK fe S[fNnkT[Dk

efjbkJ/rk <

r[opkDh dk j[ew j? @@j'j[;ktXkBnkgD/r[of;T[ (895)..##

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