Year: 11 Term: 1a Topic: The Making of America

Lesson Concepts 1. USA expansion 1789-1838. 2. Expansion of Southern cotton on

plantations and of slavery, 1793-1838.

3. Removal of indigenous people from the East, 1830-38.

4. Plains Indians – Lakota Sioux. 5. Early migrants to California/Oregon;

Mormon settlement of Utah. 6. Californian gold rush and Pike’s Peak

gold rush. 7. Slavery and causes of the Civil War. 8. African-American experience of the

Civil War. 9. Reconstruction and continuing

limitations to African-American liberty.

10. White American exploitation of the Plains.

11. Homesteaders. 12. The Indian Wars. 13. Changes to the Plains Indians’ way

of life. 14. Impact of change on African

Americans. 15. Growth of business/migration.

Core Text: Alex Ford – The Making of America, 1789-1900 SHP OCR GCSE textbook

Key Words

Amendment A change or alteration. Congress The name of the body that passes laws in the USA.

Dawes Act A law which allowed Plains Indians to become citizens in return for giving up tribal claims to land.

Ghost Dancers Reservation Indians who believed that white Americans could be removed from the Earth through a spiritual dance.

Founding Fathers

The people who signed the Declaration of Independence.

Speculation Investing in a product with the hope of selling it later for more money.

Jim Crow Laws

Racist laws which attempted to reduce the power of black Americans.

The Plains Land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

Manifest Destiny

A belief in a God-given right to take over the whole of America.

Mormons Followers of the teachings of Joseph Smith and the Book of Mormon.

Senate Part of the USA’s Congress where laws are made. Ku Klux Klan A violent, racist, white supremacist group.

Coffle A chained group of slaves. Constitution The rules by which a nation is governed.

Emancipated Freed. Prospectors People who went searching for gold. Segregation Division, keeping apart e.g. blacks from whites. Exodusters Black settlers who moved to Kansas.

Alliance

Key dates 1775-83 War of Independence

1776 Declaration of Independence

1789 First President of the USA

1793 The cotton gin was invented

1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers

1803 Louisiana Purchase

1804 Expedition to the Pacific

Jan 1811 Revolt in the Deep South

1820 The Missouri Compromise

1830 The Indian Removal Act

1848-9 Gold Rush

1851 Fort Laramie Treaty

1858-9 The Pike’s Peak gold rush

1861-2 Little Crow’s War 1861-5 US Civil War

1862 Homestead Act

1 Jan 1863 Emancipation Proclamation

1864 The Sand Creek Massacre

1865-8 Red Cloud’s War

1870 15th Amendment declared that every US citizen had the right to vote

1875-77 The Great Sioux War

1876 25 June – Battle of the Little Bighorn

1892 World’s Fair

Key Individuals

Dred Scott A slave who took his case for freedom to the Supreme Court and lost

George Washington

First president of the USA, 1789-1797.

Thomas Jefferson Third president of the USA, 1801-1809. Tried to sell land as quickly as possible.

Merriweather Lewis and William Clark

Explorers of the West of the continent, with the help of Sacagawea.

Andrew Jackson 7th President, 1829-37. He openly supported slavery.

Alfred Jacob Miller Artist who travelled across the Great Plains.

Joseph Smith Founder of the Mormons.

James K. Polk 11th President, 1845-9. Leader during the Californian gold rush.

Abraham Lincoln 16th President, 1861-5. Promised to prevent the expansion of slavery and help the working people.

Andrew Johnson 17th President, 1865-9. Led to increased racism.

Ulysses Grant 18th President, 1869-77. Reconstruction slowed.

Ida Wells Born a slave, protested on a train and wrote about the contributions made to the USA by black Americans.

19 November 1863 Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln – ‘government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth’

Key Assessment 50 minute assessments based on knowledge – 1,9,10,18 marks

Year: 11 Term: 2b Topic: The Norman Conquest

Lesson Concepts 1. Anglo-Saxon society. 2. Religion in Anglo-Saxon England. 3. Anglo-Saxon culture (buildings, art,

literature). 4. Norman society, culture and warfare

pre-1066. 5. Succession crisis of 1066. 6. Battles of Fulford, Stamford Bridge

and Hastings. 7. Uprisings in the west and Mercia. 8. Northern resistance and the

‘Harrying of the North’. 9. Hereward and the end of English

resistance. 10. Pre-conquest fortifications and the

first Norman castles. 11. Norman castles up to 1087. 12. Purpose of Norman castles. 13. Domesday Book. 14. Social structure of Norman England. 15. Changes and continuities: language,

laws, and Church.

Core Text: Jamie Byrom/Michael Riley – The Norman Conquest SHP OCR textbook

Key Words

Anglo-Saxons People who lived in England before the Norman Conquest.

Artefact An object made by a person.

Bailey A large enclosed area which was part of a castle.

Bayeux Tapestry

An embroidery telling the story of the Norman Conquest.

Burh-geat A fortified dwelling of a Saxon thegn. Ceorl A free Saxon who worked on the land.

Geld A type of tax. Heir Person who inherits a property or title when another dies.

Interpretation A version or viewpoint. Keep The safest part of a castle.

Manuscript A hand-written document. Motte A large mound of earth forming part of a castle.

Palisade A fence made of wooden stakes. Succession The arrangement for who should take over following the end of a monarch’s reign.

Thegn An Anglo-Saxon landowner with enough land to give them quite a high position in society.

Villein A peasant who was not free to move away from his lord’s manor.

Witan The powerful lords and bishops who were the advisers to the Anglo-Saxon kings.

Yoke Anglo-Saxon England was a ‘golden age’ and following the Conquest, the English people lost their freedoms.

Alliance

Key dates 954 The last Viking leader was

defeated and England became a single kingdom.

1003 Viking invaders returned, and ruled between 1014-1042

1051 First mention of M+B castles in England.

5 Jan 1066 Edward the Confessor died.

20 Sep 1066 Battle of Fulford. 25 Sep 1066 Battle of Stamford Bridge.

28 Sep 1066 William landed at Pevensey.

14 Oct 1066 Battle of Hastings.

Aug 1067 Rebellion in Mercia.

Early 1068 Rebellion in Exeter.

11 May 1068 Matilda crowned in Westminster Abbey.

Jan 1069 Durham rebellion.

Jun 1069 Harold’s sons tried to invade Ireland.

Sep 1069 Rebel force gathered near Yorkshire.

Jan-Mar 1070 The Harrying of the North 2 June 1070 Hereward’s raid.

1 Aug 1086 Domesday Book created.

9 Sep 1087 William died.

St Dunstan An Anglo-Saxon monk who became Archbishop of Canterbury and set high standards for the English church.

Stigand Both Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of Winchester in 1065 (pluralism) and accused of ‘simony’. Corrupt and very rich.

William, Duke of Normandy

Leader of the Norman army, and England from 1066 (crowned

Harold Godwinson

Powerful and experienced, said Edward chose him in 1066. The Witan supported his claim. Brother was Tostig.

Harald Hardrada

Norwegian, powerful and experienced. No direct bloodline to Edward the Confessor.

Edgar Atheling 12 years old, direct bloodline. Not interested in being king in 1066.

Edwin and Morcar

Northern earls (of Mercia and Northumbria). They repeatedly rebelled against William.

William FitzOsbern

Close friend of William, placed in charge of Norwich, Durham and the border with Wales. Built castles at Cheapstow, Berkeley, Clifford.

Odo, Bishop of Bayeux

Half-brother of William. Based at Dover Castle.

Gytha Mother of Harold Godwinson.

Robert of Comines

A ‘French’ earl of Northumbria in 1068. Led a heavy-handed attack on rebels at Durham, and was consequently killed.

Matilda of Flanders

Wife of William, after their marriage in 1050. William and Matilda were distant cousins and both deeply religious.

Orderic Vitalis Half-Norman. Half-English monk and chronicler.

Lanfranc The new archbishop of Canterbury, announced in Easter 1070.

Hereward An English thegn who rebelled in Ely.

Alan Rufus A rich Norman noblemen, after helping William in the Battle of Hastings.

Key Assessment 50 minute assessments based on sources and interpretations of the time period – 3,5,12,20 marks

Year: 11 Term: 2a Topic: The People’s Health

Lesson Concepts 1. Life in Medieval Britain. 2. Living conditions in Medieval Britain

(food, water, waste). 3. Responses to the Black Death. 4. Public health in medieval towns and

monasteries. 5. Change in Early Modern Britain. 6. Changing living conditions. 7. Responses to outbreaks of plague. 8. Local and national government

impact, including the gin craze. 9. Industrialisation. 10. Urban living conditions in the 19th

century. 11. Responses to cholera. 12. Public health reform - 19th century. 13. Change since 1900. 14. Living conditions and lifestyles. 15. Responses to Spanish Influenza and

AIDS. 16. Growing government involvement in

public health.

Core Text: Jamie Byrom/Michael Riley – The People’s Health SHP OCR GCSE textbook

Key Words PUBLIC HEALTH – Measures taken by governments and other authorities to look after people’s health. Famine Desperate shortage of food. Latrines Toilets without any flushing systems.

Monasteries The place where monks lived. Flagellants People who whip themselves to try to avoid the plague.

Parliament The law-making assembly of a country. Yeomen Richer farmers in the Early Modern period.

Husbandmen Poorer farmers in the Early Modern period.

Conduit A small fountain or water pipe.

Cholera Serious infectious disease causing sever vomiting and diarrhoea.

Industrialisation The development of industry, involving the growth of cities and factories.

Urbanisation The rapid growth of towns and cities. Democracy A system of government led by the people or by their elected representatives.

Sanitation Measures linked to cleanliness and hygiene, especially drainage or sewerage.

Welfare State A system by which a government takes responsibility for the health and well-being of the people.

Council Local governing body of a town or region. AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus (the virus

that causes AIDS). Complacency Feeling satisfied and unconcerned, therefore not taking

necessary action.

Alliance

Key dates 1348 Black Death.

1419 Plague regulations recorded in London.

1518 Henry VIII isolation proclamation.

1578 Elizabeth I Plague Orders.

1604 Plague Act.

1665 Plague epidemic.

1729 First Gin Act.

1831 Cholera entered England.

1848 First Public Health Act.

1861 Pasteur’s Germ Theory.

1875 Second Public Health Act.

1906-11 Liberal welfare reforms.

1914-18 WWI and Spanish influenza (1918-19). 1919 Housing Act.

1928 Equal voting rights.

1939-45 WWII.

1981 First British death from HIV/AIDS.

Time periods

Medieval 1250-1500

Early Modern 1500-1750

Industrial 1750-1900

Modern Since 1900

Medieval Early Modern Industrial Modern Religion Almost all

Christian. Monasteries destroyed.

Reducing, some belief in miasma.

Major religious doubt.

Power King had all power.

More MPs but only 3% vote.

Vote extended 1832, 67, 84.

Equal votes in 1928.

Technology Water mills and windmills.

Microscopes and printing press.

Steam engines and factories.

Rapid change – telegraph.

Towns / cities

90% population in countryside. 15 towns by 1500 with population over 10,000.

Towns grew quickly. 1750 = 20% population lived in towns.

Huge expansion in London and other urban centres.

More than ever live in cities. Often in difficult living conditions.

Leisure /drink

Drinking on holy days.

Alehouses – drinking/tobacco

Alcohol addiction continued.

More time and technology.

Food Rural food, based on harvests.

Improved stocks in case of bad harvests.

Agriculture better, workers couldn’t afford.

Safer, international, cheaper.

Work Mostly labourers, worked in fields.

Still in fields or spinning wool.

Poor conditions in factories.

Service industries.

Products Wool. Wool, trade with America (slaves).

Trading nation with empire.

Antibiotics, computers…

Travel Horses. Horses/carriages. Railways. Cars/planes.

Beliefs Four humours and religion.

Witchcraft and supernatural forces.

More scientific e.g. Darwin on evolution.

Growth of science and psychology.

Population 2.5 million (1400) 4 million (1600) 9 million (1801) 65 million(2017)

Key Assessment 50 minute assessments based on knowledge – 1,9,10 and 18 mark questions.

Year: 11 Term: 3a Topic: Dover Castle

Lesson Concepts 1. Motte and Bailey castles 2. Stone castles 3. Methods of attack 4. Polygonal keeps 5. Concentric walls 6. Domestic features 7. Decline of castles 8. Reconstruction during the

reign of Henry II 9. Location of Dover Castle 10. Origins of Dover Castle 11. Norman invasion 12. The reign of Henry II 13. The siege of 1216 14. WWII at Dover

Core Text: Steve Brindle – Dover Castle guidebook

Key Words

Concentric Circular layers of walls surrounding a castle for additional defence.

Palisade The fence surrounding castles, originally made from wood.

Fortification A defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a castle against attack.

Battlements A parapet at the top of a wall, with regularly spaced squared openings for shooting through.

Motte The mound of earth on which many Norman castles were built.

Polygonal Literally ‘many angles’ – a keep with sides facing many angles for defence.

Bailey The walled area in which livestock and animals lived.

Façade The principal front of a building, that faces onto a street or open space.

Keep The fortified tower at the centre of a castle. Colonettes Narrow decorative columns supporting a beam.

Garrisoned Stationed with a group of troops. Manuscript A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

Alliance

Timeline of events

2nd century

Roman lighthouse, or ‘pharos’ was constructed.

1066 William the Conqueror arrived after the Battle of Hastings and strengthened the defences at Dover.

1170 Murder of Thomas Becket in December.

1180s Henry II remodelled the castle, planning its great tower as a palace as well as a fortress.

13th century

King John and Henry III completed the concentric defensive walls around Dover Castle.

1216-17

The defences were put to the test when Dover withstood a long siege by French forces.

1740s The medieval banks and ditches were reshaped as the castle was adapted for artillery warfare.

WWII Dover Castle became the headquarters for the Admiralty’s regional command.

1940 Vice-Admiral Bertram Ramsay organised Operation Dynamo, the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk.

Key Quotes about Dover Castle

Steve Brindle (historian) ‘In the 1180s Henry II remodelled the castle, planning its great tower as a palace in which to entertain great visitors as well as a last redoubt for strategically important forces.’

Matthew Paris (historian)

‘Key to England.’

Medieval chronicle Referring to the siege of 1216 – ‘the people inside drove them out with great vigour’

Henry II ‘Will no one rid me of the meddlesome priest?’

Churchill – 4 June 1940 ‘We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations.’

Other castles

Rochester Castle

Similar time period, had a siege in 1215, no concentric walls, not reconstructed today. Located on a river rather than a coast, but for journey to London as well.

Tower of London

Some reconstructions, exhibitions inside today, not at the coast, has concentric walls.

Orford Castle

Has a polygonal keep (Dover does not).

Key Assessment 30 minute essays on history and physical features of the site.

Year: 11 Term: 1b Topic: Living Under Nazi Rule

Lesson Concepts 1. Hitler and the Nazi Party in January

1933. 2. Establishing the dictatorship,

January 1933-July 1933. 3. Achieving total power, July 1933-

August 1934. 4. The machinery of terror. 5. Nazi propaganda. 6. Opposition to Nazi rule. 7. Work and the home. 8. Young people in Nazi Germany. 9. Nazi racial policy. 10. The move to a war economy, 1939-

42. 11. Growing opposition from the

German people. 12. Total war and its impact, 1943-45. 13. Nazi rule in eastern and western

Europe. 14. The Holocaust. 15. Responses to Nazi rule.

Core Text: Richard Kennett – Living Under Nazi Rule, SHP OCR GCSE textbooks

Key Words

Mein Kampf ‘My Struggle’ – a book written by Hitler, published in 1925.

Lebensraum The Nazi policy of taking land from other countries to gain extra ‘living space’ to keep the German people healthy and wealthy.

Democracy A system where adults vote to choose their rulers.

Fuhrer German for ‘leader’ – in the case of Hitler is meant dictator, the person in total control of Germany.

Propaganda Spreading a one-sided message as widely as possible.

Communist People who believe all the people should own the wealth, rather than rich individuals or groups.

Opposition Resistance or dissent, expressed in action or argument.

Gestapo The secret police in Nazi Germany.

Legislation Laws. Anti-Semitic Being hostile or prejudiced to Jews.

Untermenschen The Nazi word for so-called sub-human people, notably the Jews.

Persecute To bully or treat unkindly.

Volkssturm The National Militia. Einsatzgruppen The mobile killing squads that carried out mass murders in the east after 1939.

Holocaust The mass murder of approximately 6 million Jews and other minority groups in Nazi Germany.

Ghetto An enclosed area in a city where the Nazis forced Jews to live after 1939.

Alliance

Key dates 30 January 1933 Adolf Hitler became the

chancellor of Germany.

27 February 1933 The Reichstag Fire.

24 March 1933 The Enabling Act.

30 June 1934 The Night of the Long Knives.

1936 Hitler Youth became compulsory.

9-10 November 1938

Kristallnacht.

1 September 1939 WWII began.

February 1942 Albert Speer was appointed Minister of Armaments and War Production.

18 February 1943 Goebbels announced ‘Total War’.

20 July 1944 Failed bomb plot.

October 1944 Hitler ordered the creation of the Volkssturm.

30 April 1945 Hitler committed suicide.

2 May 1945 Germans surrendered.

9 May 1945 The Channel Islands were finally liberated.

Key individuals and groups: Adolf Hitler Leader or ‘Fuhrer’ of Nazi Germany, 1933-1945.

Heinrich Himmler

The leader of the SS, who set up and controlled the concentration camps.

Joseph Goebbels

The leader of Nazi propaganda. He used simple, bold messages to make a point.

Albert Speer Leader of the German war economy from 1942.

The Social Democrats

This was a political party. They form secret resistance groups, but were hunted down by the Gestapo.

The Communists

An active political party, who provided visible resistance with meetings, propaganda and newsletters.

The Church Both Catholic and Protestant churches were interfered with, despite agreements made in 1933. Many priests spoke out.

Youth Groups Young Communists, Christians, Swing Kids, Edelweiss Pirates.

Army Attempted to assassinate Hitler on 20 July 1944.

Cardinal Galen

Delivered three famous sermons in 1941 against the Nazi Party. Survived but virtual house arrest 1941-5.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Protestant pastor who joined the Abwehr to resist the Nazi regime. Killed in a concentration camp in April 1945.

The Rosenstrasse

The Aryan wives of Jews who had been taken away in Berlin. Their protests led to some releases of prisoners.

The White Rose

A group at Munich University who published anti-Nazi leaflets. Their leaders were executed.

Otto and Elise Hampel

A working-class couple who resisted from 1940. They handwrote over 200 anti-Nazi postcards and were executed in April 1943.

Key Assessment 50 minute assessments based on sources – 7 mark, 15 mark and 18 mark questions.