KEY SECURITY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA

ByGeneral ML AgwaiFormer Force CommanderAfrican Union/ United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur(UNAMID)11 May 2010

INTRODUCTION

End of Cold War and Africa.

Internal Conflicts.

Transition to Democracy.

CAUSES OF INSECURITY

Several

Political Factors

Economic Factors

Population (Rural/Urban)

Transnational/Organized Crimes

Ethno-Religious Extremism

Proliferation of Small Arms

Porous Borders

EFFECTS OF CONFLICT

DISPLACEMENT

Refugees

REDUCING INSECURITY

Continental Organizational Efforts.

Regional Bodies and their Efforts.

National Efforts.

REDUCING INSECURITY (Agriculture)

REDUCING INSECURITY (Causes of Creating Militias in Africa)

REDUCING INSECURITY (Political Monarchy)

REDUCING INSECURITY (Disarmament Demobilization and Reintegration)

REDUCING INSECURITY(Credible Elections)

REDUCING INSECURITY (Protection of Civilians)

REDUCING INSECURITY (Provision of Education and Equipment)

Untutored courage is useless

in the face of educated bullets.

Gen George S. Patton, Jr, in the Cavalry Journal, April, 1922.

REDUCING INSECURITY (Security Sector Reform)

REDUCING INSECURITY (Need for Education and Training)

The government is a murderer of its

citizens which sends them to the

field uninformed and untaught, where

they are to meet men of the same and

strength mechanized by education

and discipline for battle.

Major General Henry ‘Light horse Harry’ Lee (1756-1888)

CONCLUSION

Education and energy are

essential ingredients for

development, progress and

stability.

Thank You