Key Question 3:

How and why did the economic, social, and political status of

African Americans change from 1754-2000?

Slavery Review

Brainstorm everything you can about life as a slave

Share with a partner and write down new information

Use note sheet you just made and describe for me the life of a slave

Ex- SlavesEx- Slaves

New Freedom, reuniting familiesNew Freedom, reuniting families Education, rightsEducation, rights Political influence, votingPolitical influence, voting SharecroppingSharecropping – landowners dividing up – landowners dividing up

land for poor whites and Af-Americans to land for poor whites and Af-Americans to work.work.

Big ChangesBig Changes

3 Constitutional Amendments3 Constitutional Amendments• 1313thth Amendment – Abolition of Slavery Amendment – Abolition of Slavery

• 1414thth Amendment – All races gain citizenship Amendment – All races gain citizenship

• 1515thth Amendment – All races can vote Amendment – All races can vote• Note: Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes were used as Note: Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes were used as

ways to prohibit people from votingways to prohibit people from voting

QuestionQuestion: How have these amendments : How have these amendments changed your life personally? Explainchanged your life personally? Explain

Response to 13th Amendment

Freedmen’s Bureau• Essentially created sharecropping

• Tried to educate blacks on how to read and write

• Provided some form of legal counsel

• Disbanded when funding ran out

Black Codes Ku Klux Klan Enforcement Acts

Response to 14th Amendment

Black Codes• Keep from voting

Ku Klux Klan• Fear into heart of blacks

Response to KKK Backlash

Enforcement Acts• protected blacks’ right to vote

• to hold office

• to serve on juries

• receive equal protection of laws

• The laws also said that if the states failed to act and enforce these laws, the federal government had the right to intervene.

Racism

Racism – treating someone differently because of the color of their skin

Restrictions of Freedom

The “Slaughter House Cases” 1873 1876 Compromise D.W. Griffith’s film Birth of a Nation

Jim Crow’s creation

Dred Scott Decision-blacks were property

Plessy v. Ferguson – created separate but equal

Segregation – separating the races• Schools, neighborhoods, waiting rooms,

public facilities

Life after Sharecropping

Booker T. Washington and the Tuskegee Institute

William Du Bois and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Other Responses

Marcus Garvey • Back to Africa Movement

• Garveyism inspired later

movements

A. Philip Randolph• Fought to end segregation during

and after WWII

• Leader in March on Washington

Great Migration

The “Great Migration”• African Americans flocking to the north to gain

factory jobs

Harlem Renaissance

African American voice in the Arts Jazz – Louis Armstrong Writers focusing on the lives and

struggles of African Americans• Langston Hughes

Change Must Happen NAACP – National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People• Thurgood Marshall - lawyer and leader

Brown v. Board of Education in Topeka, KS• Got rid of separate but equal

• Linda Brown – little girl who had to travel across town to go to school

Montgomery Bus Boycott - 1955 Rosa Parks – wouldn’t give up her seat to a white man

• Kicked off bus and arrested

Bus Boycott – refuse to use• Alternative methods of transportation

• Question: what other ways could people get around town if they didn’t have a bus?

Martin Luther King Jr. – little known preacher, leader, “non-violence”

381 days later the bus company gave in

Moving Toward Equality Integration – bringing the races together Central High School – Little Rock, AR, 1957

• National Guard Ordered to STOP integration

• Eisenhower ordered integration University of Alabama – 1963

• Gov. George Wallace stood in the doorway to stop Af. American students

Question: why do you think these students wanted to go to these schools so bad?

Protests

Sit-ins – protest by sitting down Civil Disobedience – not obeying laws you feel

are unjust Freedom Riders – patrol bus system Question: if you wanted to make real change in a

law, rule or policy, how would you protest it? March on Washington

• MLK – “I have a dream…”

• 250,000 people

Violence Erupts

Riots – protest turned Violent• Watts 1965, Detroit 1967, others

• Police Brutality – violence against citizens by law enforcement officers

Malcolm X – Nation of Islam Stokely Carmichael – “Black Power” Black Panthers – Oakland, CA

• To protect the Af. American Community

Opinion

Why do you think that some people chose non-violence in the civil rights movement and others chose violence?

Which do you think is the better choice? Why?

Sad Truth

MLK – assassinated outside hotel in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray

Malcolm X – assassinated by one of his followers

More Progress

Civil Rights Act 1964 Voting Rights Act 1965 Civil Rights Act 1968 Activity: Summarize what these laws did

using your textbook. Affirmative Action – making special efforts

to hire and enroll members of groups who have been discriminated against.

Modern African American Relations

Are minorities accepted in modern culture, why or why not?

Are there any stereotypes presented through the print media about minorities? How so?

What message is the modern media telling America about cultures?

Rodney King Affair Have we reached MLK’s dream? Will we

ever?