International Molybdenum Association I 4 Heathfield Terrace · London W4 4JE · United Kingdom I Tel: +44 20 7871 1580 I E-mail: info@imoa.info I www.imoa.info

Key Market Development Activities

Nicole Kinsman, Technical Director September 12, 2013 The Grand America, Salt Lake City, USA

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Metric tons of stainless steel, Data: ISSF

Global moly-grade stainless steel production

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012p

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Metric tons of stainless steel, Data: ISSF

Austenitics, ferritics and duplex

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012p

A

D

F F

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• Architecture, Building and Construction • Stainless steel promotion in China • Alloy steel promotion • IMOA Brochures • IMOA website

• Molybdenum metal brochure • AISC structural stainless steel design guide

Key Market Development Activities

Architecture Building & Construction

Catherine Houska

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• South Africa, February 2013 • Full day workshops in 3 cities, 280 attendees • South African structural engineering association meeting • 8 project or product meetings with companies or project managers

• North America • San Francisco, December 2012, 150 attendees, 9 firms • New York, January 2013, 205 attendees, 8 firms • Delaware/Washington DC DOTs/US FHWA, January 2013, 42 attendees

• China, September 2013 • San Francisco, October 2013 • Chicago, October 2013 • New York, November 2013

Workshops 2012/2013

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• Architecture + Technique (circ. 10,000), China, April 2013 • Translation & reprinting of sustainable sunscreen feature article

• MolyReview, New York FDR Memorial • Council on Tall Buildings Journal, September 2013 (circ. 800)

• Significant revision of sustainable sunscreens article • International journal of the professional organization for the

designers of tall buildings (50 m in height or greater) • Scheduled – Construction Specifier (circ. 50,000), TBD

• Duplex pedestrian bridge/AISC Design Guide article • Scheduled – Construction Specifier (circ. 50,000), December 2013

• Revision of architectural metals comparison article originally published in 2000

• It was the most popular archive download for over 5 years after original publication

Recent & planned articles

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• 5 test locations • Corrosion testing began in

January 2013 • Samples from Outokumpu

(austenitic and duplex), Rimex (colored) and JFE (ferritic)

Kuwait corrosion testing

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No Mo 2% Mo

0% Mo 2% Mo

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West 57th St, 181 tons, 316

New York Projects Under Construction

1 WTC Façade & spire, 256 tons, 316

FDR Memorial, 1.2 tons, 2205 handrails

7 Bryant Park 316 facade

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Gem Tower, 132 tons, 316

New York Projects Under Construction

250 West 55th St, 127 tons, 316

Javits Ctr, 118.2 tons, 316

Hunters Pt South, 7.4 tons, 316

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Devon Energy auditorium, Oklahoma City, 29.6 tons, 316

Recent US Projects

San Francisco Federal Bldg, 544 tons, 316

Harbor Dr Bridge, San Diego 2205, 66 tons Federal Ctr South, Seattle, 444, 18 tons

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Al Hamra Tower, Kuwait, 50 tons, 316

Middle East Project Examples

Doha Convention Center & Tower.2205 plate

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• China’s tallest and world’s second tallest skyscraper, 660 m

• 2016 completion • Architect: Kohn Pederson Fox • New York office contact/discussion,

2009, 1-day workshop • Type 316L, linen, 2 and 0.8 mm • 2,500 m tons (1,700 m tons main

tower façade and 800 m tons podium) • LEED Gold Precertified

Pin An Finance Center, Shenzhen, China

Stainless Steel Promotion in China

Gaetano Ronchi

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• Close cooperation with Chinese institutions • CSSC (China Stainless Steel Council) • CISRI (Central Iron and Steel Research Institute) • Nickel Institute Beijing • CITIC Metal Co. • CINA/Antaike

China activities overview

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Data: CSSC, Beijing

Mo-grade stainless production in China

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Percentage of all stainless steel produced World average is around 9 to 10%

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Stainless Steel in China

Mo Grades Potential

Low

H

igh

High Low

Stainless Maturity

Distribution of IMOA stainless resources in China: • 65% on quadrant A • 30% on quadrant B • 5% on quadrant C

• Roofing & building envelops

• Prefab panels • Solar water

heaters

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ABC activities in China

Shanghai Shipping Centre 2015 – 2020

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The Shanghai International Shipping Service Centre (SISSC) A global shipping hub by 2020. • 5 billion euro • 550,000 m2

Architects: SOM and Gensler

No stainless steel specified in important Shanghai development

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Main tower 660m, 115 floors. hotel tower 307m with 66 floors.

316L, Linen finish, 0.8 and 2mm

Ping An Financial Center, Shenzhen

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Pelli Clark Pelli: “The façade finish will be highly polished stainless steel with an embossed pattern, a material that offers a beautiful luster and a highly durable surface”. 316L, Linen finish, 1.0mm

Baosteel office, Guangzhou (2016)

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Office building no. 50, Gong Ping Road, Shanghai 316; Domestic Linen, 1.2mm, prefabricated glazing frames

Type 316, the multipurpose grade in China for facades and roofing

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It is a double digit growing segment (20% y-o-y) dominated in China by Type 304. In other parts of the world like Brazil, Japan and Korea, Mo-containing ferritics are used. A grade labeled 445J1 with 0,7% Mo and the well-known grade 444 with 1.8% Mo could potentially massively substitute Type 304.

Solar water heaters

2012 estimate: 16 million units and 200.000 tons of stainless steel used.

445J1

444BA

不锈钢吸热板 Heat collecting plate

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• 6 or 7 different stainless steels • Up to 4 different surface finishes • 8 Chinese cities • Potential cooperation and cost

sharing, looking for partners

Atmospheric corrosion testing CISRI

27

No Mo 2% Mo

0% Mo 2% Mo

Alloy steel promotion

Hardy Mohrbacher

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• April 25-26 2013, Jeju Island • In conjunction with Korean Institute of Metals annual conference • IMOA, CBMM, Korean Institute of Metals and Posco • Participation

• 22 speakers from 11 countries • 90 delegates from 16 countries. • 41 companies and research institutes. • Non-registered visitors from KIM’s Spring Meeting.

• The symposium highlighted the metallurgical properties of molybdenum in different types of steel and its interaction with niobium

• Moly’s interaction with Nb and Ti precipitation was intensely discussed by several independent researchers and results are all in good agreement (also with IMOA’s CISRI project.

• Many new and exciting effects of both elements were demonstrated. • Several future research areas could be identified. • Korean steelmakers are developing a clearly Moly-based metallurgy for their

premium products (strip and plate)

2nd Mo and Nb Symposium, Korea

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Next: Materials for mining & processing symposium • Q1 2015, Brazil • CBMM will host and finance symposium • IMOA and its members invited guests • Hardy will invite molybdenum relevant speakers

• IMOA mining member companies should participate • Goal: three presentations by mine maintenance/engineering personnel:

• Observations on life expectancy of e.g. ball mill liners and other equipment • Problems • Whishes

• Good attendance by mines will attract equipment engineers and suppliers, for example Metso, Weir

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• IMOA AGM (Sep. 2012 Madrid) • Presentation: Molybdenum’s Contribution to Sustainable Cars

• Participation in Asia Steel Conference (Sep. 2012 Beijing) • Presentations: Optimization of Molybdenum Alloyed Carburizing Steels by Nb

mircoalloying for Large Gear Applications

• Meeting at Shougang (Sep. 2012 Beijing) • Follow up on the DP and CP steel development (optimization of alloy concept /

processing conditions for DP600 and DP780 HDG grades with Mo content ∼0.2%).

• Project meeting at CISRI (Sep. 2012 Beijing) • Discussion of results of IMOA-CISRI research project.

• Meeting at Hyundai Steel (Oct. 2012 Dangjin, Korea) • Discussion of project activity (Nb+Mo) on ultra-high strength hot rolled steel with

controlled precipitation (partners: National Taiwan Univ. / Univ. of British Columbia). • Start up of a development project for improved press hardening steel.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Seminar at Ternium – Siderar (Oct. 2012 San Niclas, Argentina) • Presentation of optimized metallurgy for press hardening steel. • Promotion of low-C Mo-Nb hot rolled steel with stable run-out table response.

• Meeting at Gerdau Piratini (Oct. 2012 Porto Alegro, Brazil) • Troubleshooting meeting on production problems with 18MnCr5B (ZF7B). • 0.08-0.10% Mo added for fine-tuning of hardenability response.

• Participation in Structural Steel Symposium (Nov. 2012 Singapore) • Presentation of an optimized metallurgy for structural seamless pipe using a

combination of Mo and Nb according to limitations of EN 10210.

• Meeting at Dunaferr (Nov. 2012 Dunaujvaros, Hungary) • Preparation of Mo-Nb X80 pipe skelp rolling trial.

• Meeting at Shagang Steel (Nov. 2012 Zhangjiagang, China) • Seminar on improved metallurgy for engineering and gear steels. • Discussion on future developments at Shagang.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Seminar at Baosteel No. 5 (Nov. 2012 Shanghai, China) • Seminar on improved metallurgy for engineering and gear steels. • Discussion on future developments at Baosteel.

• Project meeting with Comotech (Dec. 2012 Santiago, Chile) • Discussion on the project program and activities. • Site visit at El Teniente.

• Consulting meeting with Dongbu Steel (Dec 2012 Dangjin, Korea) • Metallurgical concept for S550MC grade (hot-rolled). • Metallurgical concept for DASS80 grade (hot-rolled). • Preparation respective rolling trials. • Evaluation of rolling trials and fine tuning is ongoing.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Meeting at NTU / CSC (Jan. 2013 Taipei, Taiwan) • Discussion of project results on Nb-Mo co-alloyed steels. • Definition of further development actions

• Follow-up meeting at Shougang (Jan. 2013 Beijing, China) • Discussion of lab trials low-C DP780 Nb-Mo. • New grade shows clearly improved microstructure over traditional material.

• Seminar at Severstal NA (Jan. 2013 Detroit, USA) • Presentation of new metallurgical concepts for press hardening steel. • Detailing of Moly’s role and advantage over B alloying.

• Evaluation meeting Dongbu Steel (Feb. 2013 Dangjin, Korea) • 2nd rolling trial for S550MC grade (0.05%C-0.2%Mo-Mn-Nb-Ti) successfully met the

specification for gages between 3 and 6 mm. • Metallurgical concept for DASS80 grade (hot-rolled) was further detailed for third

rolling trial.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Meeting with Mubea (Feb. 2013 Attendorn, Germany) • BMW requested supply of improved PHS components. • Discussion of improved metallurgical concepts (Mo, Nb alloying – B removal). • Scheduling of respective material supply from Salzgitter Flachstahl.

• Meeting with Fritz Winter (Feb. 2013 Stadtallendorf, Germany) • FW being Germany’s largest foundry has an interest improving alloying of FeMo in

casting ladles to widen the application potential. • Definition of a trial schedule for improving ferroalloying practice.

• Meeting with People X (Feb. 2013 Seoul, Korea) • Detail discussion of organization of 2nd Mo-Nb Symposium. • Revision of the conference budget.

• Meeting at SSAB (Mar. 2013 Oxölesund, Sweden) • Discussion on improving FeMo dissolution time during secondary metallurgy

treatment. • Exchange of ideas for improving abrasion resistant plate steels.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Salzgitter seminar (Apr. 2013 Salzgitter, Germany) • Modified metallurgical variants of press hardening steel for better application

properties of components. • Demonstration of Moly’s functionality in PH steel.

• 2nd Mo-Nb Symposium (Apr. 2013 Jeju Island, South Korea) • See separate slide.

• Voestalpine Stahl (May 2013 Linz, Austria) • Discussion of first tests within the IMOA/VASL welding project. • Seminar on advanced high strength steels for automotive and metallurgical

functionality of Moly in such steels.

• World Automotive Materials Meeting (May 2013 Frankfurt, Germany) • Pre-conference tutorial on automotive steel metallurgy – application of Moly in

multiphase steel and press hardening steel (participants from Asia, Europe and North America).

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Meeting at General Motors do Brasil (May 2013 Sao Bernado, Brazil) • Presentation and discussion on improved metallurgy of press hardening steel.

• Meeting at Gestamp do Brasil (May 2013 Taubate, Brazil) • Presentation and discussion on improved metallurgy of press hardening steel.

• ISAS Conference (May 2013 Anshan, China) • Presentation: Microstructural Optimization for Multiphase Steels with Improved

Formability and Damage Resistance. • Presentation: Novel alloying design for press hardening steels with better crash

performance. • Demonstration of Moly’s functionality in DP steel and PH steel.

• Meeting at BX steel(May 2013 Benxi, China) • Consulting on producing hot-dip galvanized DP780 steel with low-C base and Mo

alloying (0.15-0.20%) / Nb microalloying.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Baosteel Conference (June 2013 Shanghai, China) • Presentation: Process Technology and Steel Development In Press Hardening. • Presentation: Reverse metallurgical engineering towards sustainable manufacturing

of vehicles using Nb and Mo alloyed high performance steels.

• Meeting at SSAB USA (June 2013 Montpelier, USA) • Summary presentation of the 2nd Mo-Nb Symposium.

• Meeting at Dillinger Hütte (June 2013 Dillingen, Germany) • Summary presentation of the 2nd Mo-Nb Symposium. • Possible project activity on abrasion resistant plate under consideration.

• AIST AHSS Conference (June 2013 Vail, USA) • Presentation: Advanced metallurgical concepts for DP steels with improved

formability and damage resistance. • Presentation: Novel Alloying Design for Press Hardening Steels with better Crash

Performance. • General Motors showed great interest in these activities.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

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• Meeting with Shougang (July 2013 Beijing, China) • Ongoing development of DP780 hot dip galvanized. • The present DP780 (0.2%Mo) has passed qualification procedure at BMW Munich

and is cleared for supply to BMW China press shops. • Next actions: detail improvement of DP780 and development of DP980 (est’d.

0.3%Mo).

• Meeting with TPCO (July 2013 Tianjin, China) • Seamless pipe producer No. 1 in China – capacity of 3 million tons. • Discussion on making high-end OCTG and non-HT line pipe. • Mo alloying applicable in the majority of grades.

• Meeting with Mianyang regional government (July 2013 Jianyou, China)

• Discussion on setting up a strong cluster for engineering steel (approx. 1 million t) production and processing.

• Definition of development targets for end users such as automotive, power generation, aviation, etc..

• Large potential for Moly alloying.

Conference, seminar & visit activities

Development of hot rolled steels (>700 MPa) at Hyundai Steel

• NiobelCon consults Hyundai Steel since 2008. • Development of >780 Mpa steel since 2011

Grades (MPa)

Alloy system Development Automotive parts

440 SS

HSLA 0.09C-Mn 0.06C-Mn-Nb

● Lower Arm

Structural Parts

540 HSLA 0.07C-Mn-Nb/V ● Structural Parts

FB 0.07C-Mn-Nb/V ● Lower Arm / Wheels

590

HSLA(MC) 0.18C-Mn-Nb/V ● Frames for Truck

HSLA(LC) 0.07C-Mn-Nb/V ● Structural Parts

FB 0.07C-Mn-Nb/V ● Lower Arm / Wheel

DP 0.07C-Mn-Al ● Cross Member

780 HSLA 0.06C-Mn-0.15Mo-Nb/Ti Mill trial Lower Arm Frames for Truck 980 HSLA 0.06C-Mn-0.15Mo-Nb/V Mill trial

Evolution in steel for suspension parts at Hyundai Motors

Typical part weight: 5 kg (gross material 10 kg). 4 parts/vehicle – yearly production volume 4 m vehicles = 16 m parts = 160.000 tons. Full introduction in vehicle fleet will use around 240 tons Mo.

TISCO – UHSS deliveries

• More than 250,000 tons of high strength steels (460MPa YS or higher) for construction machinery sold in 2012.

• 600MPa grade(YS) or higher account for 56% of the total sales.

• S700MC exported to Europe for the first time – approval by European machine manufacturers such as Putzmeister.

• Market demand of 900-960 Mpa grade: 80,000 t/a – range from 4 to 8mm thick

0.6 0.8 2.15.9 7.6 8.8 11.0

0.22.2

5.0

9.7

17.4 14.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

2006年 2007年 2008年 2009年 2010年 2011年 2012年

高强度工程机械用钢（Rel≥600MPa）

高强度工程机械用钢（Rel＜600MPa）

25

0.59 1.0

4.3

10.9

17.3

26.2 Yearly production x10,000 t

TISCO – UHSS chemical concepts

Grade C Mn Mo V Ti Nb Al

TQ460MC 0.06 1.55 — — 0.025 0.025 0.025

TQ600MC 0.07 1.7 0.09 — 0.09 0.06 0.025

TQ700MC 0.07 1.8 0.11 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.025

TS700MC 0.06 1.8 0.20 — 0.13 0.06 0.025

TS960Q C Si Mn P S Al Nb Ti Mo B

Spec. ≤ 0.15

≤ 0.25

≤ 1.90

≤ 0.020

≤ 0.010

≤ 0.60

≤ 0.0030

Trial III 0.09 0.20 1.80 ≤ 0.010

≤ 0.002 0.04 0.025 0.17 0.0020

Important to have arguments for Moly alloying in DQ steels ! (Ruukki project)

Current Moly use : 350 – 500 tpy

Ma Steel – S700MC

• S700MC has been developed in the period 2010-2012. • Steel is aiming mainly at truck frames for domestic

production in China replacing imported 700 MPa steel (no Moly).

• Supplies to JAC and DongFeng Trucks in 2013 around 20,000 tons

• Moly use approx. 30 tons.

Chemical composition(wt%) C Nb Mo Ti

0.06 0.06 0.15 0.096

Ma Steel – S700MC fabrication properties

Salzgitter – Development of X80 pipe strip

• Development started in 2008. • Until then SZ was using a NbV alloy concept for all high

level pipe grades up to X70. • X80 required a new approach with a different alloy concept. • Alloy concept for up to 25 mm gage:

• Material approved by ENI and TransCanada. • Potential Moly consumption depending on project:

250 – 500 tons.

Grade (API) Gage (mm) C Si Mn Mo Ti Nb Others

X80 23.7 0.05 0.31 1.82 0.25 0.02 0.08 Cu, Cr

Shougang – Industrial pilot production of heavy gauge X80 coils

• Strength, elongation and toughness values are exceeding specified CNPC min. values in strip and pipe.

• Acceptance by CNPC is expected. • Application in one of the Chinese pipe

projects is likely. • Further application potential in Russia. • Depending on project Moly

consumption will be 2,000 to 10,000 tons.

C Si Mn P S Mo Nb Ti others

0.05 0.2 1.85 ≤0.010 ≤0.002 0.30 0.09 0.02 Ni Cu Cr

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• Improvement of high-strength linepipe steels (Salzgitter Mannesmann)

• 0.1% Mo gave optimum properties in X80

• Precipitation study in ultra low carbon bainitic steels (CISRI)

• Mo suppresses growth of precipitations, improves strength and processing window

• Slip-rolling profile of uncoated 36NiCrMo1 (BAM)

• New steel has lower friction coefficient in gears, similar properties to more expensive and exotic steels

Three research projects finished

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• Partner: Ruukki and Oulu University • Objectives:

• the role of Mo (0 - 0.5 wt% ) on the microstructure and properties of S960QL-S1100QL grade steels processed by direct quenching and tempering.

• A recommendation regarding optimum Mo contents for industrial scale production trials.

• Project start: Q4 2014 (12 months)

• DQ steel will represent 60% of Ruukki’s future turnover. • Several existing Ruukki DQ grades have no or only marginal Mo

addition.

New project 2014: Direct quench steels

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Examples for application of ultrahigh strength DQ steel grades

Abrasion resistant plate, Heavy equipment, Timber industry …

IMOA Brochures

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• Available in 7 languages: • Chinese • English • French • German • Italian • Japanese • Spanish

• Some 130,000 downloads to date • Most popular are English, Japanese and French • Translation into Brazilian Portuguese finished

Duplex Brochure

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Number of downloads from IMOA website

Duplex stainless steel - all languages

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Aug10-Jul11 Aug11-Jul12 Aug12-Jul13

+213%

161%

+35%

Source : IMOA

IMOA Website

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Source : IMOA and Google Analytics from April 2010

Number of unique visitors to the website

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000A

ug-0

9O

ct-0

9D

ec-0

9Fe

b-10

Apr

-10

Jun-

10A

ug-1

0O

ct-1

0D

ec-1

0Fe

b-11

Apr

-11

Jun-

11A

ug-1

1O

ct-1

1D

ec-1

1Fe

b-12

Apr

-12

Jun-

12A

ug-1

2O

ct-1

2D

ec-1

2Fe

b-13

Apr

-13

Jun-

13

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Website: top page views 2010-2013 Rank Aug10-Jul11 Aug11-Jul12 Aug12-Jul13 Pages

1 21,516 24,509 25,373 Duplex Stainless Steel

2 9,446 10,169 15,278 Oil Country Tubular Goods

3 11,995 18,651 12,412 FAQ Cleaning Stainless Steel

4 7,167 8,540 9,133 Molybdenum Properties

5 4,514 7,905 7,609 Metallurgy of Mo in Steel

6 8,572 8,473 6,663 Molybdenum Uses

7 4,295 5,525 5,976 Molybdenum Processing

8 5,971 7,884 5,963 Molybdenum Chemistry & Uses

9 5,021 5,392 4,482 Steel Grades

10 5,530 4,892 3,105 Molybdenum Mining & Processing

www.imoa.info

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Website: top downloads 2010-2013 Rank Aug10-Jul11 Aug11-Jul12 Aug12-Jul13 PDF’s

1 13,901 43,580 58,724 Duplex Brochure All Languages

2 13,233 20,737 9,224 Stainless Steel Pipe

3 2,163 4,493 5,142 IMOA Shop Sheet 104

4 2,643 2,884 5,112 Austenitic Brochure

5 2,103 3,269 3,630 IMOA Shop Sheet 103

6 2,944 3,307 Duplex Pharmaceutical

7 1,146 1,178 3,127 Deicing Salt article

8 1,466 2,269 2,756 Applications

9 856 1,632 2,570 Which Stainless Spanish

10 2,313 3,656 1,941 Swimming Pool Design