3.2 Cell Organelles

KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.

3.2 Cell Organelles

FL NGSSS SC.912.L.14.3

Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.

Epifluorescence Epifluorescence microscopy; magnification 750 X.microscopy; magnification 750 X.

The cytoskeleton includes microtubules( green) and microfilaments (red). The cytoskeleton includes microtubules( green) and microfilaments (red).

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

– supports and shapes cell

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

– supports and shapes cell– helps position and transport organelles

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

– supports and shapes cell– helps position and transport organelles– provides strength

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

– supports and shapes cell– helps position and transport organelles– provides strength– assists in cell division

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have an internal structure.• The cytoskeleton has many functions.

– supports and shapes cell– helps position and transport organelles– provides strength– assists in cell division– aids in cell movement

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.

colored colored SEM; magnification 90,000XSEM; magnification 90,000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.

– The endoplasmic reticulum aids in the production of proteins and The endoplasmic reticulum aids in the production of proteins and lipids. lipids.

colored TEM; colored TEM; magnification 20,000 X magnification 20,000 X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

– rough endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins.• The nucleus stores genetic information.• Many processes occur in the endoplasmic reticulum.• There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.

– rough endoplasmic reticulum

– smooth endoplasmic reticulum

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Assembly, Transport, and Storage

Golgi Apparatus

3.2 Cell Organelles

transport vesicles

vesiclescarrying proteins

Function• finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins

– like UPS headquarters like UPS headquarters shipping & receiving departmentshipping & receiving department

• ships proteins in vesicles– ““UPS trucks”UPS trucks”

Structure• membrane sacs

Golgi Apparatus

3.2 Cell Organelles

Several organelles are involved in making and processing proteins. (continued)

• Ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins.• Vesicles are membrane-bound sacs that hold materials.

colored SEM; colored SEM; magnification 20,000Xmagnification 20,000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

DNA

RNA

ribosomes

endoplasmicreticulum

vesicle

Golgi apparatus

vesicle

proteinon its way!

protein finishedprotein

Making Proteins

TO:

TO:

TO:

TO:

nucleus

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.

colored TEM; colored TEM; magnification 33,000Xmagnification 33,000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.

colored colored TEM; magnification 9000X TEM; magnification 9000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Vacuoles and storage Vacuoles are membrane-bound spaces used for

temporary storage of materials. Notice the difference between vacuoles in plant and animal

cells.

VacuoleAnimalCell

PlantCell

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.

colored TEM; colored TEM; magnification 9000Xmagnification 9000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.• Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.

colored TEM; colored TEM; magnification 35,000Xmagnification 35,000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.• Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.

– Centrioles help divide DNA.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Other organelles have various functions.• Mitochondria supply energy to the cell.• Vacuoles are fluid-filled sacs that hold materials.• Lysosomes contain enzymes to digest material.• Centrioles are tubes found in the centrosomes.

– Centrioles help divide DNA.

– Centrioles form cilia and flagella.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.

3.2 Cell Organelles

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.• A cell wall provides rigid support.

LM; LM; magnification 3000Xmagnification 3000X

3.2 Cell Organelles

Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.• A cell wall provides rigid support.• Chloroplasts convert solar energy to chemical energy.

colored TEM; colored TEM; magnification 21,000Xmagnification 21,000X

3.2 Cell Organelles PLANT VERSUS ANIMAL CELL

PLANT CELLS : - HAVE CHLOROPLASTS

(for photosynthesis—makes sugar)

- NO CENTRIOLES - HAVE A CELL WALL AND

CELL MEMBRANE - HAVE A LARGE VACUOLE

ANIMAL CELLS : -NO CHLOROPLASTS -HAVE CENTRIOLES -HAVE A CELL

MEMBRANE BUT NO CELL WALL

-HAVE SMALL VACUOLES

3.2 Cell Organelles

Cells have 3 main jobs• make energy

– need food + Oneed food + O22

– cellular respiration & photosynthesiscellular respiration & photosynthesis– need to remove wastesneed to remove wastes

• make proteins– need instructions from DNAneed instructions from DNA– need to chain together amino acids & “finish” need to chain together amino acids & “finish”

& “ship” the protein& “ship” the protein• make more cells

– need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cellsneed to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells

Cell Summary

Our organellesdo all those

jobs!

3.2 Cell Organelles

Common Misconception: Because of the ways cells are portrayed, with only a few representatives of each organelle shown, students may think of a cell as a bag of cytoplasm with a loose assortment of organelles floating about.Correcting the Misconception: Quantitative analysis of cell material shows that the parts of the cell are so numerous that they constantly bump up against one another and against the cell membrane and cytoskeleton.