KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY - Marian … 01CE6202 Advanced Foundation Engineering 3-1-0 40 60 3 4 ... U 01CE6294 Experimental Geotechniques II 0-0-2 100 2 1 ... Kerala Technological

KERALA

TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY

Master of Technology

Curriculum, Syllabus and Course Plan

Cluster : 01

Branch : Civil Engineering

Stream : Geotechnical Engineering

Year : 2015

No. of Credits : 67

Kerala Technological University Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

2

SEMESTER 1

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Name L-T-P

Inte

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End Semester

Examination

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A 01CE6201 Theoretical Geomechanics 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

B 01CE6203 Fundamentals of Soil Behavior 3-1-0 40 60 3 4

C 01CE6205 Earth Pressure and Retaining

Structures 3-1-0 40 60 3 4

D 01CE6207 Subsurface Investigation and

Instrumentation 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

E Elective I 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

S 01CE6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 100 2

T 01CE6291 Seminar I 0-0-2 100 2

U 01CE6293 Experimental Geotechniques I 0-0-2 100 1

TOTAL 15-4-4 500 300 - 22

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 23

TOTAL CREDITS : 22

Elective I

01CE6211 Expansive Soils

01CE6213 Rock Mechanics And Tunnel Engineering

01CE6215 Earth And Rock Fill Dams

01CE6217 Application of Computational Methods to Geotechnical

Engineering Problems



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SEMESTER 2

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A 01CE6202 Advanced Foundation Engineering 3-1-0 40 60 3 4

B 01CE6204 Soil Dynamics and Machine

Foundation 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

C 01CE6206 Finite Element Analysis for

Geomechanics 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

D Elective II 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

E Elective III 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

V 01CE6292 Mini Project 0-0-4 100 4 2

U 01CE6294 Experimental Geotechniques II 0-0-2 100 2 1

TOTAL 15-1-6 400 300 - 19


TOTAL CREDITS : 19

Elective II

01CE6212 Reinforced Soil and Geosynthetics

01CE6214 Landslide Engineering

01CE6216 Ground Improvement Techniques

Elective III

01CE6218 Underground Excavations

01CE6222 Environmental Geotechniques

01CE6224 Soil Structure Interaction

01CE6226 Special Foundations and Structural Design of Foundations



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SEMESTER 3

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A Elective IV 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

B Elective V 3-0-0 40 60 3 3

T 01CE7291 Seminar II 0-0-2 100 2

W 01CE7293 Project (Phase 1) 0-0-12 50 6

TOTAL 6-0-14 230 120 - 14


TOTAL CREDITS : 14

Elective IV

01CE7211 Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering

01CE7213 Behaviour and Testing of Unsaturated Soils

01CE7215 Soil Stabilisation

01CE7217 Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics

Elective V

01CE7219 Geo-environment and Landfill

01CE7221 Critical State Soil Mechanics

01CE7223 Forensic Geotechnical Engineering



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SEMESTER 4

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W 01CE7294 Project (Phase 2) 0-0-23 70 30 12

TOTAL 0-0-23

70

30 - 12


TOTAL CREDITS : 12

TOTAL NUMBER OF CREDITS: 67



6

SEMESTER - I

Syllabus and Course Plan



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Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

01CE6201 Theoretical Geomechanics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To know the necessary mathematical concepts and terminology to define geotechnical problems, to

grasp the essence of modelling in geotechnical research and design and to equip students with the

skills entailed in the application of the principles of Geomechanics to the solution of commonly

encountered problems in geotechnical engineering.

Syllabus

Stress-strain relations: Equations of compatibility; Invariants of stress; Invariants of strain-

volumetric strain; Special matrices; Principal planes, principal stresses and strains; plane stress and

plane strain; Mohr’s diagram; Rheological properties and rheological models; Stress-deformation

behaviour of soil subject to loading; Determination of Rheological constants- Experiments by Geuze

and Tan; Stresses and displacement in soil; Distributed loads at the surface of semi-infinite mass

(three dimensional); Failure criteria; Failure loci in deviatoric plane and principal stress space;

Hvorselev’s parameters; Stress paths; Pore pressure developed in soil by applied stresses;

Determination of Pore pressure coefficients.

Expected Outcome

1. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to to deal the research

works on behavior of soils

References

1. Harr M. E. (1966), Theoretical Soil Mechanics, McGraw Hill Inc., New York.

2. Scott F. (1963), Principles of mechanics, Addison – Wesley London (GB)

3. Head K. H. ( 1998), Manual of soil Laboratory Testing, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England

4. Atkinson,J.H and Bransby P.L.(1978), The Mechanics of Soils, McGraw-Hill Book

Company(UK) Ltd



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Stress-strain relations

Soil deformation under applied stress.

Concept of stress and strain

Equilibrium equations

Equations of compatibility.

Stress-strain relations.

Invariants of stress

Invariants of strain-volumetric strain

7

15%

II

Special matrices

Principal planes, principal stresses and strains.

Octahedral stresses and strains.

Special matrices- spherical stresses and strains

Deviator stresses and strains, plane stress and plain strain

Mohr’s diagram.

6

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Rheological properties and rheological models

Rheological properties of material

Rheological equation of state, Rheological models – Elastic,

Plastic, Elasto- plastic and Visco-elastic models

Stress-deformation behaviour of soil subject to loading,

Determination of Rheological constants- Experiments by

Geuze and Tan.

6

15

IV

Stresses and displacement in soil

Stresses and displacement in soil,

Basic solutions of Boussinesq and Westerguaard line force

(two dimensional cases)

Distributed Line Loads (two dimensional),

Concentrated force (three dimensional),

Distributed loads at the surface of semi-infinite mass (three

dimensional ).

7

15



9

SECOND INTERNAL EXAM

V

Failure criteria

Stress conditions at failure, Tresca, Von Misess, Mohr –

Coulomb failure conditions.

Failure loci in deviatoric plane and principal stress space,

Hvorselev’s parameters.

8 20

VI

Stress paths

Stress paths

Characteristics of Stress path plots

Stress paths for triaxial compression.

Pore pressure developed in soil by applied stresses

Determination of Pore pressure coefficients.

8

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



10


01CE6203 Fundamentals of soil behavior 3-1-0 4 2015

Course Objectives

1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of Soil Mechanics. 2. To give the students an idea of the formation and structure of soils. 3. To make the students appreciate soil as a vital construction material and soil

mechanics in the engineering of civil infrastructure. 4. To make the students understand relationships between physical characteristics of

soils and mechanical characteristics such as strength and compressibility

Syllabus

A historical perspective of Geotechnical Engineering and soil formation and classification; Forces

acting on soil particles; Soil fabric; Clay mineralogy; Clay particle interaction; Clay water relations;

Compression of soils; compaction; consolidation; Settlement of soils; Shear strength of soils; Mohr’s

circle; Liquefaction; sensitivity; thixotropy; Determination of pore water pressure; Skempton’s

equation for pore water pressure; Henkel’s modification of pore water pressure equation

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. The students will have an idea about the behaviour of soils under loading and thus help

them to design a suitable foundation for the structure

2. The knowledge of the subject will help the students to apply fundamental soil

mechanics principles to common civil engineering applications

References

1. James K. Mitchell and K. Soga, Fundamentals of Soil Behaviour, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 3rd

Edition, 2005.

2. Hotlz, R.D and Kovacs, W.D., Introduction Geotechnical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 1981

3. Braja. M. Das., Advanced soil mechanics, McGraw Hill, 1997.

4. Lambe, T.W. and Whitman R.V. Soil Mechanics in S.I. Units John Wiley, 1979.

5. Braja, M. Das, Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering, Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning

Academic Resource, Centre, ISBN-O-534-37114-0.

6. Malcolm D. Bolton, A guide to soil mechanics, Universities Press (India) Private

Ltd.,Hyderabad, India, 2003, ISBN 81 7371-245-8.



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A historical perspective of Geotechnical Engineering and soil

formation and classification

A brief history of geotechnical engineering – Pioneers of

Geotechnical Engineering and their contributions

Soil formation: Weathering – mechanical and chemical weathering –

residual and transported soils – soil deposits

Soil classification: Coarse grained and fine grained soils - Grain size

distribution and soil classification as per Unified soil classification

and BIS classification systems

Forces acting on soil particles: Gravitational force – bonding force –

specific surface – computation of specific surface

Soil fabric: single grained structure – honeycomb structure –

flocculent structure – dispersed structure – coarse grained skeleton –

cohesive matrix

9

15

II

Clay mineralogy

Fundamental units: Silica tetrahedron, alumina octahedron, silica

sheet, alumina sheet

Types of clay minerals: kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite

Clay particle interaction: Electrical forces on clay particles –

attractive – repulsive forces -

Clay water relations: adsorbed water – adsorption complex – base

exchange capacity – calculation of base exchange capacity - diffuse

double layer – colloid potential

9

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Compression of soils

Definition of compaction – Principles of compaction

Compaction test – interpretation of results – factors affecting

compaction

Field compaction – compaction control in field

Definition of consolidation – Mechanism of consolidation – Spring

analogy

Types of soil compression – initial compression – primary

consolidation – secondary consolidation

Theory of 1D consolidation : assumptions - derivation – isocrones –

coefficient of consolidation

9

15



12

Solution to Terzaghi’s 1D consolidation equation: Solution –degree

of consolidation – time factor – Problems

IV

Settlement of soils

Types of settlement - elastic settlement – consolidation settlement

Computation of elastic settlement: influence factor – Schmertmann’s

method

Computation of consolidation settlement: 1D consolidation test –

presentation of results – deformation time plot - pressure void ratio

plot – interpretation of results – coefficient of consolidation – square

root time method – log time method – void ratio settlement relation

– coefficient of compressibility – coefficient of volume

compressibility – compression and swelling indices – Computation

of consolidation settlement - problems

Virgin compression line – Normally consolidated soil – Over

consolidated soil – preconsolidation pressure

Secondary consolidation: Concept – computation of secondary

consolidation settlement – problems

9

15


V

Shear strength of soils

Introduction: Definition – factors affecting shear strength – shear

failure – examples

Computation of shear strength : Mohr Coulomb failure criterion –

Mohr’s circle – failure envelope – orientation of failure plane

Determination of shear strength parameters: Direct shear test –

interpretation of results – triaxial test – interpretation of results –

peak friction angle – ultimate friction angle - residual strength –

critical void ratio –

Liquefaction – sensitivity – thixotropy

10

20

VI

Determination of pore water pressure

Pore water pressure due to isotropic stress application

Pore water pressure due to uniaxial loading

Skempton’s equation for pore water pressure developed under

triaxial test conditions

Henkel’s modification of pore water pressure equation

10

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



13


01CE6205 Earth Pressure and Retaining

Structures 3-1-0 4 2015

Course Objectives

1. To impart in-depth knowledge about the mechanism of development of earth pressure

2. To impart knowledge about the analysis and design of earth retaining structures and

3. To help the students to take proper engineering decisions in practical situations

Syllabus

Earth pressure theories; Methods of evaluation of earth pressure on retaining walls ; Use of charts

for earth pressure calculation; Stability of retaining wall; Retaining structures – Types; Retaining

walls under dynamic loading condition – Mononobe Okabe Analysis; Sheet pile walls;

Construction methods; Analysis of cantilevered sheet pile walls in granular and cohesive soils with

and without water table; Anchored sheet pile; Free earth support method; Fixed earth support

method; Cuts and braced excavations; Types and design requirements of different anchorages-

Deadman and tie back anchors; Stability of excavation against piping and bottom heaving; Earth

pressure against earth retaining structures; Arching in soil

Expected Outcome

The students will be capable to analyse and design retaining structures, to select the

right the retaining system for the right situation and to design excavations

References

1. B.M.Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, Thomson, Indian Edition, 2003.

2. V.N.S. Murthy, Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,

UBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1996

3. P. Purushothama Raj, Geotechnical Engineering, Pearson Education, India



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Stress conditions in a soil mass

Earth pressure theories - Coulombs’s and Rankine’s theory

Methods of evaluation of earth pressure on retaining walls

Effect of superimposed loads

Use of charts for earth pressure calculation.

8

15

II

Retaining structures – Types

Retaining walls under dynamic loading condition – Mononobe

Okabe Analysis

Proportioning and stability of retaining walls

Drainage from the backfill

8

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Sheet pile walls

Construction methods

Analysis of cantilevered sheet pile walls in granular and cohesive

soils with and without water table

8

15

IV

Anchored sheet pile walls

Free earth support method

Fixed earth support method

Moment reduction of anchored sheet pile walls

8

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V

Types and design requirements of different anchorages- Deadman

and tie back anchors

Placement of anchors

Lateral earth pressure on cuts and braced excavations

Stability of excavation against piping and bottom heaving.

12

20

VI Arching in soil

Earth pressures against tunnels, shafts, diaphragm walls, bored pile

walls, slurry walls.

12 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



15


01CE6207 Sub Surface Investigation and

Instrumentation 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To impart in-depth knowledge about the various methods of geotechnical investigation and the field tests to be conducted in different situations

2. To give the students a clear idea about how a geotechnical investigation programme is to be planned and executed and

3. To help the students to take proper engineering decisions in practical situations Syllabus

Planning an Investigation Programmes: factors to be considered; Exploration for preliminary and

detailed design; Guidelines for location, depth and spacing of drilling bore holes; Exploration

Techniques; Accessible exploration and Semi-direct methods; Drilling methods, equipments and

applicable soil types; Stabilization of boreholes; Sampling; Disturbed and undisturbed soil

sampling, representative samples; Methods to minimise sample disturbance ;Types of samplers;

Preservation and handling of samples; Field tests ;Standard Penetration Test; Dynamic and static

cone penetration tests; Pressure meter test; Field vane shear; Field tests ;Field permeability test

;Geophysical methods; Soil Investigation report; Instrumentation

Expected Outcome

1. The students understand the procedure, applicability and limitations of various

methods of geotechnical investigation as well as the field tests to be conducted.

2. The students get confidence in effectively managing and executing geotechnical

investigation programmes.

3. Ability of the students in making proper engineering judgements and in taking

appropriate decisions related to geotechnical investigations is greatly improved.

References

1. Hunt R.E. (2005), Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Manual, Second Edition, Mc Graw

Hill, New York

2. Braja M Das (2010), Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Seventh Edition, Cengage

Learning Inc, Stamford, USA

3. Purushothama Raj P. (2008), Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, Pearson Education

India.



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Planning an Investigation Programmes

Necessity and importance of Geotechnical Investigation

Planning -factors to be considered

Exploration for preliminary and detailed design

Guidelines for location, depth and spacing of drilling bore holes.

7

15

II

Exploration Techniques

Accessible exploration and Semi-direct methods

Test pits, Trenches, Shafts

Bore holes – Drilling methods, equipments and applicable soil types

– Auger boring, Wash boring, Rotary drilling, Percussion drilling

Stabilization of boreholes

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Sampling

Disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling, representative samples

Methods to minimise sample disturbance

importance of area ratio, inside clearance, outside clearance,

recovery ratio, ball check valve

Types of samplers – split spoon sampler, piston sampler, thin

walled sampler etc.

Preservation and handling of samples – Piston extruder.

7

15

IV

Field tests

Standard Penetration Test – Precautions for obtaining reliable

results – Corrections, interpretation of results and correlations

Dynamic and static cone penetration tests – procedure and

correlations Pressure meter test

Field vane shear test insitu shear and bore hole shear test

6 15


V

Field tests

Plate load test – Pile load tests – Static and Cyclic loading – lateral

load test

Field permeability test - Determination of pore pressure and

observations of Ground Water Table

Geophysical methods

8

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17

seismic refraction method

electrical resistivity methods – electrical sounding and electrical

profiling

Soil Investigation report

Bore log and Soil profile

VI

Instrumentation

Strain gauges – resistance and inductive type, load cell

Earth pressure cell

Settlement and heave gauges

Piezometers - Determination of vertical and horizontal

displacements

Slope indicators, Inclinometers

8

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



18


01CE6211 Expansive Soils 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To equip the students to understand the properties and behaviour of expansive soils 2. To impart knowledge for the design of foundations on expansive soils and methods

for modification of expansive soil

Syllabus

Introduction to origin and nature of expansive soils, Damage caused by expansive soils;

recognition of expansive soils; clay minerals; mineralogical identification; indirect measurement;

direct measurement; Physical properties of expansive soil; Mechanics of swelling; swelling

potential; Test for swell pressure (only IS code method); Mechanics of pier uplift; belled piers;

friction piers; slabs on expansive soils; Moisture control; subsurface drainage; surface drainage; Soil

stabilization; Soil replacement; compaction control.

Expected Outcome

The students understands in detail the behaviour and physical properties of expansive soil, the

students get familiarize with design of foundations on expansive soil and students get aware of

preventive measures and stabilization of expansive soil

References

1. F.H.Chen, Foundations on expansive soils - Elsevier Science; 2nd edition, 1988 2. Peck, Hansen and Thornborn, Foundation Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York,

1947

3. Tomlinson, Foundation design and Construction – English Language Book Society, Essex, 1986

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I Introduction – origin of expansive soils - distribution of expansive soils – damage caused by expansive soils – recognition of expansive soils – clay minerals

8 15



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II

Recognition of expansive soils – mineralogical identification – single index method – classification method – indirect measurement – direct measurement - physical properties of expansive soils.

5 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Mechanics of swelling – moisture migration – swelling potential – swelling pressure-Test for swell pressure (only IS code method)

5 15

IV Mechanics of pier uplift – belled piers – friction piers – slabs on expansive soils

8 15


V Moisture control – horizontal moisture barriers – vertical moisture barriers – subsurface drainage – peripheral drains – surface drainage

8 20

VI Soil replacement - soil stabilization – lime stabilization – chemical stabilization - compaction control

8 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



20


01CE6213 Rock Mechanics and Tunnel

Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of Rock Mechanics as soil itself is not enough

2. To carry the very high applied load and to make the students understand engineering properties of rock, classification of rocks, laboratory testing of rocks, failure criteria, tunneling in rocks and various techniques to improve insitu strength of rocks.

Syllabus

Classification, properties and strength of rocks; influence of joints and their orientation in

distribution of stress- deformability of rocks; Laboratory and in situ tests for various physical and

mechanical properties; Insitu stress; various methods of stress measurement; Underground opening

in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-plastic approach; Zone of influence; Failure criteria for rock

and rock masses; Fracture strength of jointed rock mass; Foundation on rocks, Estimation of bearing

capacity, Grouting in rocks; Rock bolting; Rock anchors; Necessity and planning of tunnels; types,

alignment and grade, size and shape of a tunnel; Methods of construction of tunnels; Shafts in

tunnels-ventilation of tunnel; ground treatment and problems in tunnel constructions

Expected Outcome

Understand the behaviour & characteristics of rocks and to reduce the complexity involved in

numerical computations in rock mechanics

References

1. Introduction to Rock Mechanics by R.E.Goodman, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

2. Rock Mechanics for Engineers by Verma B.P, Khanna publishers, New Delhi.

3. Rock Mass Classification Systems, A Practical Approach in Civil Engineering Elsevier

Publishers, New York

4. Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundation and Tunnels, Editor T.Ramamurthy, Prentice

Hall India Pvt.Ltd.

5. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Jaeger, Cook and Zimmerman,

Blackwell Publishing, New York

6. Rock Mechanics and the Design of Structures in Rock, L.Obert and Wilbur.I.Duvall, John

Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.



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Classification, properties and strength of rocks Classification and index properties of rocks, Rock strength and failure criteria initial stress in rocks, influence of joints and their orientation in

distribution of stress- deformability of rocks.

7 15

II

Laboratory and in situ tests for various physical and mechanical properties. Laboratory and in situ tests for various physical and mechanical properties. Insitu stress, various methods of stress measurement

6 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Underground opening in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-plastic approach Underground opening in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-plastic approach. Stress concentration for different shapes of opening Zone of influence. Failure criteria for rock and rock masses, Strength and deformability of jointed rock mass Fracture strength of jointed rock mass

6 15

IV

Foundation on rocks, Estimation of bearing capacity, Grouting in rocks

Concept of joint compliance. Stability of rock slopes. Foundation on rocks, Estimation of bearing capacity, Pile foundation in rocks. Methods to improve rock mass responses, Grouting in rocks, Rock bolting, Rock anchors.

7

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V

Necessity and planning of tunnels. Tunnel Engineering: Necessity, planning of tunnels site investigation of tunnels, types, alignment and grade, size and shape of a tunnel.

8

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VI

Methods of construction of tunnels Method of constructions, tunneling in hard rocks: full face method-heading and bench method-drift method, different methods of tunneling in soft soils. Shafts in tunnels-ventilation of tunnel, lining of tunnels- drainage and lighting in tunnels ground treatment and problems in tunnel constructions.

8

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END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6215 Earth and Rock fill Dams 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of seepage and to give the students an idea about analysis and design of dams

Syllabus

Design consideration- types of earth dams; Factors influencing design; Types of earth dams

Selection ;Requirements; Seepage Analysis; Control of seepage ;Liquefaction; Methods of reducing

seepage; Stability of Slopes; Stability of infinite and finite slope ;Role of pore pressure in stability

analysis; Embankment construction - Seismic stability- Methods to safeguard dams during

earthquakes; Rock fill dams; Settlement of rock fill-Failure of dams; Special Design Problems; Case

history- Cases of failure of major dams; Construction techniques; Application of Geosynthetics in

earth and rock fill dams.

1. The students will be equipped to deal the research works on failure of slopes

References

1. Sherad , Earth and Rockfill dams, Principles for Design and Construction, Balkema, Netherlands.

2. Bharat Singh and Punmia , Earth and Rockfill dams, Standard publishers, New Delhi,

1988.Earth Manual –USBR

3. Rowe,R K., Geotechnical and Geoenviornmental Engineeing Handbook, Kulwer Acadamic

Publishers,2001

4. Sherard,J L.,WoodwardR J,Gizienski, R J and Clevenger W A., Earth and Earth rock dam,

John Wiley.

5. Anderson, M G., and Richards, K S Slope Stability.

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Introduction, Design consideration Factors influencing design, Types of earth dams, Selection & Requirements of foundation Material of construction ;Seepage through dams, Determination of phreatic line Casagrande’s solution; Kozheny’s parabola-Entrance &

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Exit correction; Flow nets for homogenous earth dams; Flownets for dams

II

Seepage Analysis - under steady seepage and sudden draw down conditions; Control of seepage ; Adverse effects of seepage; Liquefaction and its prevention-Methods of reducing seepage Selection of core types Cut off trenches – Grout curtains- Sheet pile walls – Upstream blanket – relief walls.

5 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Stability of Slopes- Stability of infinite and finite slope ; Role of pore pressure in stability analysis; pore pressure during construction, steady seepage & sudden drawdown conditions.

5 15

IV

Embankment construction; Methods of placement and compaction ;Compaction control; Placement water content. ; Seismic stability; New marks approach ; Goodman and Seeds approach, Methods to safeguard dams during earthquakes.

8 15


V

Rock fill dams, General characteristics; Impervious membrane and earth cores ; Control of rock fill placement Settlement of rock fill. ; Failure of dams – Types of failure and damages. Special Design Problems, Slope protection, Filter design, Embankment compressibility and swelling ;Movement of crest and its measurement.

8 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



25


01CE6217

Application of Computational

Methods to Geotechnical

Engineering Problems

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To impart sufficient knowledge about the various numerical methods and optimization techniques and their application to geotechnical engineering problems.

2. To give idea to the students on how complicated problems in engineering, which cannot otherwise be solved, can be analysed using numerical techniques

Syllabus

Solution of linear system of equations; Gaussian Elimination; Gauss Jordan Method ; Gauss Siedel

iteration method ; Factorisation method ; Solution of system of non linear equations ; Newton-

Raphson method; Partial differential equation; Laplace, Poisson and wave equation Numerical

integration ; Trapezoidal rule ; Simpson’s 1/3rd rule ; 3/8th rule ; Guassian quadrature ; Romberg

integration ; Solution of ordinary differential equation; Euler’s method ; Picard’s method ; Taylor

series ; Predictor corrector methods ; Runge-Kutta methods ; Curve fitting ; Linear ; Powercurve ;

Exponential curve ; Hyperbola ; Optimisation techniques; Linear programming; Simplex method ;

transportation problem ; Non-linear; Geometric and dynamic programming ;elementary ideas ;

Solution of a typical geotechnical engineering problem using optimization technique

Expected Outcome


1. Understand the procedure and applicability of different numerical methods and

optimisation techniques, especially to the problems in geotechnical engineering.

2. Acquire knowledge needed to solve complicated engineering problems using

numerical methods and optimisation techniques.

References

1. Krishnamurthy E. V. and Sen S. K. (1986), Numerical algorithms, East- West Press Pvt.

Ltd.,New Delhi.

2. Rao S.S. (1979), Optimisation theory and applications, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New York.

3. Sastri S.S. (1977), Introductory methods of numerical analysis, Prentice Hall of India,

NewDelhi.



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Solution of linear system of equations: Gaussian Elimination – Gauss

Jordan Method – Gauss Siedel iteration method – Factorisation

method – Ill conditioned matrix. 8 15

II

Solution of linear system of equations: Gaussian Elimination – Gauss

Jordan Method – Gauss Siedel iteration method – Factorization

method – Ill conditioned matrix.

5 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Numerical integration: Newton Cotes closed quadrature –

Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3rd rule – 3/8th rule – NewtonCotes

open quadrature – Guassian quadrature – Romberg integration –

Application of numerical integration to geotechnical engineering

problems.

5 15

IV

Solution of ordinary differential equation: Initial value problem –

Euler’s method –Picard’s method – Taylor series – Predictor corrector

methods – Runge-Kutta methods – Boundaryvalue problems. 8 15


V Curve fitting – Linear - Powercurve – Exponential curve – Hyperbola

– Cubic spline – Critical discussion of geotechnical engineering

problems requiring regression analysis.

8 20

VI

Optimisation techniques: Linear programming– Simplex method –

transportation problem – Non-linear, Geometric and dynamic

programming –elementary ideas. Solution of a typical geotechnical

engineering problem using optimization technique

8 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 2 2015

Course Objectives

1. To prepare the student to do the M. Tech project work with a research bias. 2. To formulate a viable research question.

3. To develop skill in the critical analysis of research articles and reports. 4. To analyze the benefits and drawbacks of different methodologies. 5. To understand how to write a technical paper based on research findings.

Syllabus

Introduction to Research Methodology-Types of research- Ethical issues- Copy right-royalty-

Intellectual property rights and patent law-Copyleft- Openacess-

Analysis of sample research papers to understand various aspects of research methodology:

Defining and formulating the research problem-Literature review-Development of working

hypothesis-Research design and methods- Data Collection and analysis- Technical writing- Project

work on a simple research problem

Approach

Course focuses on students' application of the course content to their unique research interests. The various topics will be addressed through hands on sessions.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to 1. Understand research concepts in terms of identifying the research problem

2. Propose possible solutions based on research 3. Write a technical paper based on the findings.

4. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest. 5. Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.

References

1. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology, New Age International, 2004 2. Panneerselvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2012. 3. J. W. Bames, Statistical Analysis for Engineers and Scientists, Tata McGraw-Hill, New York. 4. Donald Cooper, Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi. 5. Leedy P. D., Practical Research: Planning and Design, McMillan Publishing Co. 6. Day R. A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University Press, 1989. 7. Manna, Chakraborti, Values and Ethics in Business Profession, Prentice Hall of India, New

Delhi, 2012. 8. Sople, Managing Intellectual Property: The Strategic Imperative, Prentice Hall ofIndia, New

Delhi, 2012.



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Introduction to Research Methodology: Motivation towards research -

Types of research: Find examples from literature.

Professional ethics in research - Ethical issues-ethical committees. Copy

right - royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law - Copyleft-

Openacess -Reproduction of published material - Plagiarism - Citation

and acknowledgement.

Impact factor. Identifying major conferences and important journals in

the concerned area. Collection of at least 4 papers in the area.

5

II

Defining and formulating the research problem - Literature Survey-

Analyze the chosen papers and understand how the authors have

undertaken literature review, identified the research gaps, arrived at

their objectives, formulated their problem and developed a hypothesis.

4

FIRST ASSESSMENT

III

Research design and methods: Analyze the chosen papers to

understand formulation of research methods and analytical and

experimental methods used. Study of how different it is from

previous works.

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Data Collection and analysis. Analyze the chosen papers and study the

methods of data collection used. - Data Processing and Analysis

strategies used – Study the tools used for analyzing the data.

5

SECOND ASSESSMENT

V

Technical writing - Structure and components, contents of a typical

technical paper, difference between abstract and conclusion, layout,

illustrations and tables, bibliography, referencing and footnotes- use of

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tools like Latex.

VI

Identification of a simple research problem – Literature survey-

Research design- Methodology –paper writing based on a hypothetical

result.

5

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01CE6291 Seminar I 0-0-2 2 2015

Course Objectives To make students

1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream. 2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics. 3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers

and books. 4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done. 5. Improve the writing and presentation skills.

Approach

Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of the topic and submit a report based on the study.

Expected Outcome Upon successful completion of the seminar, the student should be able to

1. Get good exposure in the current topics in the specific stream. 2. Improve the writing and presentation skills. 3. Explore domains of interest so as to pursue the course project.



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01CE6293 Experimental Geotechniques -I 0-0-2 1 2015

Course Objectives

1. To make the students aware of laboratory soil testing.

Syllabus

1.Atterberg’s Limits

2.Sieve Analysis

3.Hydrometer Analysis

4. Constant Head Permeability test

5 Variable Head Permeability test

6. IS Light Compaction Test

7. IS Heavy Compaction Test

8. C.B.R test

9.Consolidation test

10. Direct Shear Test

11. Unconfined Compression test

12.Triaxial Compression Test

13.Laboratory Vane shear test

14.Swell test

15. Relative Density Test.

Expected Outcome

1. Practice on soil testing and analysis



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Expt. No. Title Hours Allotted

I Atterberg’s Limits;; 2

2 Sieve Analysis 2

3 Hydrometer Analysis 2

4 Constant Head Permeability test 2

5 Variable Head Permeability test 2

6 IS Light Compaction Test 2

7 IS Heavy Compaction Test 2

8 C.B.R test 2

9 Consolidation test 2

10 Direct Shear Test 2

11 Unconfined Compression test 2

12 Triaxial Compression Test 2

13 Laboratory Vane shear test 2

14 Swell test 2

15 Relative Density Test 2



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SEMESTER - II




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01CE6202 Advanced Foundation


Course Objectives

1. To determine the bearing capacity of soil and the probable settlement and also 2. To select the type and depth of foundation for a project. 3. To impart empirical knowledge of soil behaviour required by the geotechnical

engineer for the design of foundation and other soil related structures.

Syllabus

Shallow foundations; Methods of estimation of bearing capacity; Footing on layered soil; Vertical

stress distribution beneath footings for loaded areas of various shapes; Computation of settlements;

Steinbrenner’s method; Mat foundation; Bearing capacity and settlement of mat foundations on

sands and clays; Pile foundations; – static pile capacity of single piles in clays and sands; Dynamic

formulae; Pile load test; Effect of installation and drainage conditions on strength parameters and

design of piles; Pile groups; Tension piles; Laterally loaded piles; Brom’s method; Well foundation

Expected Outcome

1. A comprehensive and well defined knowledge on bearing capacity theories is expected.

Also an exposure on grey areas like the design of laterally loaded piles will be obtained.

2. Students are trained how to design the foundations of a particular project depending

upon the properties of soil and type of projects.

References

1. Bowles, J. E., Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.

2. Nayak, N.V., Foundation Design Manual, Dhanpat Rai Publications, New Delhi, 1996.

3. V.N.S. Murthy., Advanced Foundation Engineering, CBS Publishers, New Delhi, 2010.

4. B.M. Das., Priciples of Foundation Engineering, Thomson Publishers, Indian Edition, 2007.



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Shallow foundations- Soil Design of foundations- Loads for design-

Methods of estimating bearing capacity- Terzaghi’s, Meyerhof’s,

Vesic’s and I.S code equations-Comparison of various methods for

estimation of bearing capacity – Effect of water table.

9 15

II

Effect of eccentricity and inclination of loading on Bearing Capacity –

Footings on layered soils - Correlation of bearing capacity from

penetration test data.

Mat foundation – Modulus of subgrade reaction – Finite difference

method – Bearing capacity and settlement of mat foundations on

sands and clays – floating foundation

9 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Vertical stress distribution beneath footings for loaded areas of

various shapes – Different methods – Computation of settlements –

immediate and consolidation settlement –Steinbrenner’s method 9

15

IV

Pile foundations –static pile capacity of single piles in clays and sands

– Dynamic formulae – Pile driving – Pile driving stresses– Pile load

test – static and cyclic pile load tests.

9 15


V

Pile groups – Pile group efficiency – Negative skin friction on pile

groups –Determination of capacity of pile groups – Tension piles –

Resistance of piles subjected to uplift forces.

10 20

VI

Laterally loaded piles – Ultimate lateral resistance of vertical piles by

Brom’s method – Settlement of pile groups in clays and sands–

Influence of pile driving on adjacent structures–Piled raft.

10

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END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6204 Soil Dynamics and Machine

Foundation 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To give the students an idea of the vibrations through soil media 2. To make the students capable to design foundations for different types of machines

Syllabus

Theory of vibrations, free and forced vibrations, Transmissibility, vibration measuring instruments,

Wave propagation in elastic medium, Wave propagation in rods, elastic half space , Determination

of dynamic soil properties, block vibration test ,cyclic plate load test, seismic test, Methods of

Analysis of Machine Foundations (Block Type), elastic half space and linear elastic weightless

spring method for all vibration modes, Design of Foundations for Different Types of Machines

(Reciprocating, Impact and rotary), design requirements and procedures for block type foundation,

Machine foundations on piles, analysis of end bearing pile ,friction pile and pile group, design of

pile supported machine foundation, Vibration absorption and Isolation, active and passive

isolation, design of wave barriers and foundation for absorber, Construction aspects of machine

foundations,

Expected Outcome

1. The students will be able to evaluate the dynamic properties, model the behaviour of

soil under machine loads and equipped with design procedures.

References

1. Prakash S and Puri, Foundations for Machines: Analysis and design,Wiley, New York, 1988. 2. Braja M. Das, Fundamentals of Soil Dynamics, Elsevier Publishers, New York. 1983. 3. Swami Saran, Soil Dynamics and machine foundations, Galgotia Publishers, New

Delhi,1997. 4. Murthy V. N. S, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering CBS Publishers &

Distributors,New Delhi, 2009. 5. Kramer S. L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering – Pearson Education Inc. New Delhi,

2004. 6. Singiresu S. Rao, Mechanical Vibrations, Pearson Education Inc. New Delhi, 2004.



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Theory of vibrations

Definitions, simple harmonic motion, response of SDOF system

Free vibration of a spring mass system

Free vibration with viscous damping

Forced vibration with damping

Frequency dependent excitation

Transmissibility, vibration measuring instruments

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15%

II

Wave propagation in elastic medium

Wave propagation in elastic rods

Wave propagation in semi-infinite elastic half space

Waves generated by a surface footing

Determination of dynamic soil properties

Dynamic soil properties ( definition and factors affecting )

Seismic Cross Hole Test

Block Vibration Test

Cyclic Plate load Test

6

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FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Methods of Analysis of Machine Foundations (Block Type)

Modes of vibrations of a rigid foundation block

Elastic Half-space method of analysis for all modes of vibration

Linear Elastic Weightless Spring method of analysis for all modes of

vibration

Effect of footing shape and embedment on vibratory response

6

15

IV

Design of Foundations for Different Types of Machines

(Reciprocating, Impact and rotary)

Foundations for reciprocating machines-design requirements and

design procedure for block type foundation

Foundations for Impact type machines-design requirements and

design procedure for block type foundation

Foundations for rotary machines-simplified method of analysis,

design requirements and design procedure for block type

foundation

7

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V

Machine foundations on piles

Analysis of End bearing piles under vertical vibrations

Analysis of friction piles under vertical vibrations

Analysis of pile groups under vertical vibrations

Design procedure for a pile-supported machine foundation

8

20

VI

Vibration Absorption and Isolation

Active and passive isolation, Design of wave barriers (open trench,

in-filled trench, pile barriers)

Design procedure for foundations on absorbers

Construction aspects of machine foundations

Construction aspects of block foundations

Erection and interfacing of a machine to the foundation

Gap around the foundation

Installation of spring absorbers

8

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END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6206 Finite Element Analysis for

Geomechanics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. The ability to judge the situations and apply the logical aspects of the method; Should be able to apply the numerical formulation for analyzing geotechnical systems;

2. The ability to apply the concepts for solving multi task applications

Syllabus

Introduction to FEM; General description of steps in FEM; Discretisation; Displacement models;

shape functions; Lagrangian & Hermitian elements; isoparametric elements; Coordinate systems;

Finite element formulation of elements; Shape functions in terms of global coordinates & area

coordinates; Shape functions for Lagrangian elements; Isoparametric element formulation;

Formulation of element stiffness matrix; 2D element- 3 noded triangular element in terms of area

coordinates; 4 noded quadrilateral element using isoparametric formulation; Guassian method of

integration; Formulation of global stiffness matrix and nodal load vector; band width; sparse

matrix; symmetric matrix; Computation of element strains; Geotechnical considerations in FEM;

Geometric idealization; Geotechnical analysis; Finite element formulation of structural elements;

interface elements; Construction stage & excavation analysis; Seepage and consolidation; Finite

element implementation of coupled problems; steady state seepage; Hydraulic boundary

conditions; Permeability model; A discussion on commonly used finite element method software

for geotechnical analysis (not for examination); Brief comparison on preprocessor, analysis and

post processor modules of any 3 commonly used software

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Attain a knowledge on various theories involved in finite element method

2. Develop a clear picture on capabilities of various models used to simulate the soil media

3. Understand the features of methods of analysis and apply them in real life applications



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References

1. Potts, D. M. and Zdravkovic, L. (1999): “Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering: Theory and application”, Thomas Telford, London.

2. Desai, C. S. and Abel, J. F. (1987): “Introduction to FEM”, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi.

3. Krishnamoorthy C. S. (1994): “Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Programming”, Tata McGraw Hill publishing Company, New Delhi.

4. Zienkiewicz, O.C. (1979): “The Finite Element Method”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.

5. Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., Plesha, M. E. and Witt, R. J. (2001): “Concepts and Applications of finite Element analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York.



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Introduction to geotechnical analysis - General description of steps in FEM; Discretisation: continuum – node – element – degrees of freedom – general principles for discretization of geotechnical problems – discretization of very large bodies – discretization of infinite bodies – mesh refinement. Geometric idealization: Plane strain analysis – axisymmetric analysis – assumptions – equations – examples – derivation not needed; General polynomials for 1D and 2D models – relation between nodal degrees of freedom and displacements at nodes Coordinate systems: global – local – natural (area) coordinates and

rst coordinates

7

15

II

Shape functions - Lagrangian elements – Hermitian elements –isoparametric elements (concept only; derivation not needed); Shape functions in terms of global coordinates: 1D 2noded and 3noded bar elements; Shape functions in terms of area coordinates:1D element – 2noded

beam element – 2D elements - 3 noded triangular element – 6 noded

triangular element (home assignment);

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Shape functions for Lagrangian elements: 1D element –4 noded bar element – 2D elements – 4 noded rectangular element –9 noded rectangular element (home assignment) – 16 noded rectangular element (home assignment); Isoparametric element formulation: 1D element – 3 noded bar

element – 2D elements – 4noded quadrilateral element – 8 noded

quadrilateral element (home assignment) – 3 noded triangular

element (home assignment)

7

15

IV

Equation for element stiffness matrix and nodal load vector using variational principle: derivation using principle of minimum potential energy; Formulation of element stiffness matrix: 1D element - 2 noded bar element – constant CSA and varying CSA lying parallel to X axis – rotation transformation method - 2 noded inclined truss element with 2 dof at each node; Formulation of element stiffness matrix and nodal load vector: 2D

7

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element - 3 noded triangular element in terms of area coordinates –

4 noded quadrilateral element using isoparametric formulation;


V

Numerical integration: Guassian method of integration Storage of global stiffness matrix – band width – semi band width –sparse matrix – symmetric matrix – skyline storage scheme only – a simple worked out example as home assignment; Computation of element strains: Constant strain triangular element - Linear strain triangular element (home assignment) Detailed description of the plane strain FE analysis of a strip footing

loaded with a line load resting on a semi infinite soil medium;

Geotechnical analysis: Total stress analysis - Pore pressure

calculation;

8

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VI

Finite element formulation of structural elements: 3 noded isoparametric curved Mindlin zero width beam element -membrane element; Finite element formulation of interface elements: different types of interface elements – 6 noded zerothickness isoparametric interface element; Special techniques: Construction stage analysis - excavation analysis - changes in porepressure during analysis

A discussion on commonly used finite element method software for

geotechnical analysis : (not for examination)To be given as home

assignment to students - Presentation and discussion of assignment

in the class by the students

8

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END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6212 Reinforced soil and

geosynthetics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To introduce the concepts of Detailed understanding of the history and mechanism of reinforced soil, Knowledge of the various types of geosynthetics, their functions and applications, Detailed knowledge about the design of few reinforced soil structures, Historical background and modern day developments, Materials, manufacturing and properties, Mechanism of Reinforced Soil, Reinforced soil retaining walls, Designing for bearing capacity improvement, Other General Application areas.

Syllabus

Historical background and modern day developments; , Different types of geosynthetics ;Materials

manufacturing and properties; Mechanism of Reinforced Soil, Modes of failure; Equivalent

Confining stress concept; Reinforced soil retaining walls; Analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls

using Tie Back Wedge method with assumptions, Construction of reinforced soil retaining walls,

Designing for bearing capacity improvement, Binquet and Lee’s approach, Natural geotextiles;

Application of geosynthetics for stabilisation of slopes.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Ability to adopt reinforced soil technique against conventional techniques. 2. Ability to select suitable reinforcement material and type to suit the functional

requirements 3. Carry out analysis and design of reinforced soil structures.

References

1. Ramanatha Ayyar, T.S., Ramachandran Nair, C.G. and Balakrishnan Nair, N. (2002). A Comprehensive Reference Book on Coir Geotextiles, Ist ed., Center for Development of Coir Technology (C-DOCT).

2. Koerner, R.M. (1999). Designing with Geosynthetics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 4th edition.

3. Jewell, R.A., (1996). Soil Reinforcement with Geotextiles, Special Publication No. 123, CIRIA, Thomas Telford. London, UK.

4. Geosynthetics - New Horizons, Eds. G.V. Rao, PK Banerjee, J.T. Shahu, G.V. Ramana, Asian Books Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.

5. Rao, G.V. (2007). Geosynthetics – An Introduction. Sai Master Geoenvironmental Services Pvt. Ltd.

6. Jones, C.J.F.P. (1985). Earth reinforcement and soil structures. Butterworth, London. 7. Ingold, T. (1982). Reinforced Earth, Thomas Telford, London.



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8. Jewell, R.A. (1996). Soil reinforcement and Geotextiles. CIRIA London, UK 9. Babu, S.G.L. (2006). An introduction to Soil reinforcement and geosynthetics. United Press

(India) Pvt. Ltd. 10. Swami Saran (2006). Reinforced soil and its engineering applications. I.K. International Pvt.

Ltd. New Delhi.



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I Historical background and types of geosynthetics Historical background, advantages, recent developments, area of application, types of geosynthetics

7 15

II

Materials, manufacturing and properties Different types of geosynthetics– Different Materials, advantages and disadvantages of each material, base polymers used Manufacturing process of geotextiles, geogrids Properties and testing

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Mechanism of Reinforced Soil Mechanism of reinforced soil Modes of failure, modes of development of strength of various types of reinforcement Equivalent Confining stress concept, pseudo cohesion concept, concept of expanding soil mass Problems in the above areas

7

15

IV

Reinforced soil retaining walls Various modes of internal and external stability or reinforced soil retaining walls Analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls using Tie Back Wedge method with assumptions Numerical problems of analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls Construction of reinforced soil retaining walls- Concertina method, telescopic method, sliding method, Various types of facings

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V Designing for bearing capacity improvement Binquet and Lee’s approach Problems in bearing capacity improvement with reinforcement

8 20

VI

Other General Application areas Natural geotextiles – applications. Advantages, disadvantages - different types Application of geosynthetics for stabilisation of slopes Introduction to soil nailing, applications in landfills Concept of Prefabricated vertical drains, geotubes, gabions, geocells

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01CE6216 Ground improvement

techniques 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To introduce the concepts of Detailed understanding of how theoretical knowledge and observation of engineering performance assist in rational application of ground modification procedure, To give a thorough understanding of the various techniques used in ground improvement, Introduction to Ground improvement techniques, In-situ densification methods, Introduction to grouts and grouting, Grouting applications, Earth reinforcement, Geosynthetics.

Syllabus

Introduction to Ground improvement techniques; Drainage and Dewatering; electro osmosis; In-situ densification methods; concept of three dimensional consolidation; sand drain design and methods of their installation; Introduction to grouts and grouting; properties of grouts; Grouting applications; Rock bolts; Soil Nailing; Earth reinforcement; Stability analysis of reinforced earth retaining walls; Application areas; Geosynthetics; functions of geotextiles; natural geotextiles and its applications.

Expected Outcome

1. A study of the many different approaches to ground modification broadens the minds and

inspires creativity and innovation in geotechnical construction and related fields

References

1. M. J. Tomilson- Foundation design and construction 2. Robert M. Koerner- Construction and Geotechnical Methods in Foundation Engineering, Mc

Graw Hill 3. C. J. F. P. Jones- Earth Reinforcement and soil structures, Butterworth 4. F. G. Bell- Foundation Engineering in Difficult Ground, Butterworth,

London, 1983 5. Purushothama Raj P.- Ground Improvement Techniques, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New

Delhi 6. Shashi K. Gulhati & Manoj Datta- Geotechnical Engineering, Tata Mc Graw Hill 7. G. L. Sivakumar Babu- An Introduction to Soil Reinforcement and Geosynthetics- 2007



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Introduction to Ground improvement techniques: Role of ground improvement in foundation engineering- Geotechnical problems in alluvial, lateritic and black cotton soil Drainage and Dewatering: well point system, shallow well system deep well system, vacuum dewatering electro osmosis.

7

15

II

In-situ densification methods In- situ densification methods in granular soils: introduction- mechanical stabilization- deep dynamic compaction- vibro compaction- blasting In- situ densification methods in cohesive soils: preloading- concept of three dimensional consolidation sand drain design and methods of their installation fabric drains- stone columns and lime piles (installation techniques only)

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Introduction to grouts and grouting- basic functions- classification of grouts- groutability ratio, properties of grouts: viscosity, fluidity, stability, rigidity, thixotropy, permeance

7

15

IV

Grouting applications: seepage control in soil and rock under dams seepage control in soil for cut off walls stabilization grouting for underpinning. Rock bolts – Cables and guniting –Soil Nailing – Micro piles

6

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V

Earth reinforcement- concept of reinforced earth load transfer mechanism and strength development. Stability analysis of reinforced earth retaining walls- external stability analysis, internal stability analysis (brief mention about the methods only) Application areas.

8

20

VI

Geosynthetics: classificationfunctions of geotextiles as seperators, reinforcement, filters and in drainage damage and durability of geotextiles, natural geotextiles and its applications.

8

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01CE6214 Landslide Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To teach students the fundamental aspects of slope stability evaluation, to give the students an idea of how and why landslides occur.

Syllabus

Slopes; Factors contributing slope failures; Slope movements in rocks; Stability Analysis of Slopes;

Mass analysis; Land Slide; Relationship between slope movement and precipitation; land slide in

seismic region; Land Slide Types; Land slides in clayey rocks; Land Slide Investigation; Mechanical

properties of rock; Laboratory Investigations; Index properties

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Describe the behaviour of natural and engineered soil / rock slopes under various weather

and engineering conditions. 2. Explain the factors that may affect the stability of slopes. 3. Select an appropriate slope stability analysis method subject to geometry of slope, material

properties, and uncertainty of observations. 4. Assess the potential landslide risk of slopes. 5. Analyse the stability of slopes considering a range of environmental and engineering

processes

References

1. Zaruba Q and Mencl V., “ Land slides and their control”, Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Vol 31, Elsevier Scientific publishing company, 1982.

2. Abramson L. W, Lee T. S , Sharma S and Boyce G M , “ Slope Stability and Stabilization Methods”, Willey Interscience publications,1996

3. Das B M,“Principles of Geotechnical Engineering”, Thomson Books, 2004 4. Lambe T W. and Whitman R V, “Soil Mechanics”, John Wiley & sons ,2008 5. Murthy V. N. S , “Principles of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering”, UBS

Publishers Private Ltd. , 2002



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Slopes Introduction- Natural slopes and Engineered slopes Development of slope failures- General aspects Factors contributing slope failures- Failures arising at different locations Complex modes of failure Slope movements in rocks

7

15

II

Stability Analysis of Slopes Stability analysis- Classical solutions Cohesive approach- Horizontal equilibrium approach Mass analysis – Limit equilibrium method-Wedge methods Friction circle method-Method of slices-IS method Bishop’s method – Jambu’s method

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Land Slide Land slide phenomenon: Definition and study of mass movements Factors causing mass movement Relationship between slope movement and precipitation- land slide in seismic region

6

15

IV

Land Slide Types Geological definition of main land slide types Slope movement of surface deposits Landslides in clayey rocks Slides of solid rocks-Specific types of slope movement

7

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V

Land Slide Investigation Field investigation Use of aerial photographs and geological maps Hydrogeological research Depth and shape of a slide surface Mechanical properties of rock

8

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Laboratory Investigations Mineralogical composition Index properties Rate of consolidation

8

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01CE6218 Underground Excavations 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To introduce the concept of analysis and design of underground excavations in rocks

2. To impart knowledge of jointed rock masses for hydro-power projects and large underground storages for various purposes.

Syllabus

Introduction to the exploration for various underground construction projects; Stereographic

projection method; principle and its application; Elastic stress distribution around tunnels;

Greenspan method; Daemen’s theory; Application of rock mass classification systems;

analysis of underground openings; estimation of elastic modulus and modulus of deformation of

rocks; Long term behaviour of tunnels and caverns; New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM);

Norwegian Tunneling Method (NTM); construction dewatering; tunnel support interaction

analysis; ground response and support reaction curves; Instrumentation and monitoring of

underground excavations; single and multi-point bore hole extensometers; load cells and pressure

cells.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. The course is designed to understand various case studies on underground constructions

References

1. Hoek, E and and Brown, E. T., “Underground Excavations in Rocks”, Institute of Mining Engineering, 1983

2. Obert, L. and Duvall, W.I., “Rock Mechanics and Design of Structures in Rocks”, John Wiley, 1967

3. Singh, B. and Goel, R.K., “Rock Mass Classification”- A Practical Engineering Approach”, Elsevier, 2006



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I Introduction - Planning of and exploration for various underground

construction projects. Stereographic projection method- principle and

its application in underground excavation design. 6 15

II

Elastic stress distribution around tunnels- stress distribution for

different shapes and under different in-situ stress conditions,

Greenspan method- Design principles, multiple openings and

openings in laminated rocks, Elasto-plastic analysis of tunnels,

Daemen’s theory.

7

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Application of rock mass classification systems, analysis of

underground openings in squeezing and swelling ground, empirical

methods.

6

15

IV

Estimation of elastic modulus and modulus of deformation of rocks;

uniaxial jacking / plate jacking tests, radial jacking and Goodman

jacking tests.. 7

15


V

Long term behaviour of tunnels and caverns, New Austrian

Tunneling Method (NATM), Norwegian Tunneling Method (NTM),

construction dewatering.

Rock mass-tunnel support interaction analysis, ground response and

support reaction curves.

8 20

VI

In-situ stress, flat jack, hydraulic fracturing and over coring

techniques and USBM type drill hole deformation gauge, single and

multi-point bore hole extensometers, load cells, pressure cells.

Instrumentation and monitoring of underground excavations during,

and after construction.

8 20



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01CE6222 Environmental Geotechniques 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To create a research interest in the field of geo environmental engineering 2. To give students the knowledge on soil contamination and its effect, to familiarise

on soil remediation.

Syllabus

Soil formation structure and Properties, Clay mineralogy, Soil microbiology, Attenuation capacity

of soil, Laboratory and Field methods, Clay-Contaminant interaction, Cation exchange capacity,

Transport of contamination through soil and change in properties of soil, quasi pre-consolidation,

shear characteristics, effect of drying on properties of soil, Remediation of contaminated soil and

waste dump, Vertical barriers, Landfill containment technology, components and functions,

Leachate and gas generation, Preliminary design, Liners and Case histories, Compacted clay liners,

Geo membrane liners, Geosynthetic clay liners, Monitoring wells, Case histories.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Deal the research works on geoenvironmental engineering

References

1. Daniel, D.E. (1993). Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal. Chapman, and Hall, London. 2. Koerner, R.M. (2005). Designing with Geosynthetics, Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall, New

Jersey. 3. Reddi L.N and Inyang HI (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Principles and

Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc Publication. 4. R. N. Yong (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate,

Mitigation Lewis Publication. 5. Dr. G V Rao and Dr. R S Sasidhar (2009) Solid waste Management and Engineered Landfills,

Saimaster Geoenvironmental Services Pvt. Ltd. Publication. 6. Ayyar TSR (2000) Soil engineering in relation to environment, LBS centre for Science and

Technology, Trivandrum. 7. Hari D. Sharma, Krishna R. Reddy (2004) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Site Remediation,

Waste Containment, and Emerging Waste Management Technologies, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

8. Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Hilary I. Inyang, Edward J. Cichon (2000) Remediation Engineering of Contaminated Soils, Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc



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Soil formation Structure and Properties Introduction to Environmental Geotechniques Soil formation and composition. Soil Structure .Soil Properties Flow of water in soils, Clay mineralogy Soil microbiology

7

15

6

Attenuation capacity of soil. Attenuation capacity, Laboratory and Field methods for quantifying attenuation capacity, Clay- Contaminant interaction, Cation exchange capacity, Specific surface area of soil.

6 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Transport of contamination through soil and change in properties of soil Transport of contaminants through soil, Ficks law Change in properties of soil due to change in environment/pore fluid:- plasticity, volume change-compressibility characteristics, quasi pre-consolidation, shear characteristics, effect of drying on properties of soil.

6

15

IV

Remediation of contaminated soil Remediation of contaminated soil-Insitu/exitu remediations, Bio remediation, thermal remediation, pump and treat method, phyto remediation and electro-kinetic remediation, Remediation of waste dump, Vertical barriers

7

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V

Landfill Landfill: containment technology, components and functions, Leachate and gas generation, Preliminary design

8 20

VI

Liners and Case histories Compacted clay liners, selection of soil, acceptable range of water content and dry density. Geo membranes liners, geosynthetic clay liners. Monitoring wells. Case histories

8 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6224 Soil Structure Interaction 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To provide an understanding of the relevance and significance of soil-structure interaction 2. To give the students an idea about how to take soil structure interaction into account in

design and 3. The ability to apply the concepts for solving multi task applications

Syllabus

Analysis and Effect of soil structure interaction; Soil Response Models; Beam on Elastic Foundation – Soil Models; Plate on Elastic medium; Analysis of Finite Plates; Analysis of Axially and laterally loaded Piles and Pile Groups; Ground- Foundation- Structure Interaction

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Understand various theories involved in soil structure interaction 2. The students will have good knowledge in principles for design of soil structure interaction 3. They will be able to identify situations where soil-structure interaction is likely to occur

and assess its impact on the behavior of a structure 4. Understand capabilities of various models used to simulate the interaction 5. Understand the features of methods of analysis and apply them in real life applications

References

1. Kurien N.P , “Design of foundation Systems: Principles & Practices”, Narosa, New Delhi, 1992

2. Cakmak A.S., “Soil Structure Interaction:, Elsevier, 1987 3. Jones G.,” Analysis of beams on Elastic Foundation”, Thomas Telford, 1997 4. Selvadurai, A. P. S. (1979). Elastic analysis Soil foundation interaction, Elsevier Scientific

Publishing Company, Neatherlands. 5. Poulos, H.G. and Davis E.H. (1990). Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley, New

York.



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Soil - Foundation Interaction: Introduction to soil -foundation interaction problems, Soil behaviour, Foundation behaviour, Interface behaviour, Scope of soil foundation interaction analysis, soil response models, Winkler, Elastic continuum, Two parameter elastic models, Elastic-plastic behaviour, Time dependent behaviour

7 15

II

Beam On Elastic Foundation - Soil Models Infinite beam, Two parameters, Isotropic elastic half space, Analysis of beams of finite length, Classification of finite beams in relation to their stiffness.

6 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Plate on Elastic Medium: Infinite plate, Winkler, two parameters, isotropic elastic medium, thin and thick plates, Analysis of Finite Plates: Rectangular and Circular plates, Numerical analysis of finite plates, simple solutions.

7 15

IV

Elastic Analysis of Pile Elastic analysis of single pile, Theoretical solutions for settlement and load distribution, Analysis of pile group, Interaction analysis, Load distribution in groups with rigid cap.

6 15


V

Laterally Loaded Pile Load deflection prediction for laterally loaded piles, subgrade reaction and elastic analysis, Interaction analysis, and pile raft system, solutions through influence charts.

8 20

VI Ground- Foundation- Structure Interaction: Effect of structure on ground-foundation interaction, Static and dynamic loads

8 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6226

Special Foundations and

Structural Design of

Foundations

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To familiarise the students with the soil design and structural design of foundations and retaining walls and

2. To help the students to build a basic knowledge of the typical special foundations used in various situations.

Syllabus

Introduction to limit state design of concrete foundations; Soil pressures for structural design;

Depth of footings : Bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations Structural design of

spread footings; Combined footings- rectangular, trapezoidal and strap footings; Structural design

of mat foundations, Beam and Slab raft foundations; Combined pile raft foundations Design of

different types of pile foundations; Structural design of pile; Structural design of retaining walls-

cantilever and counterfort retaining walls; Foundations for special structures like Water tanks &

Ground storage tanks, Transmission towers, Silos & chimneys ,Coastal and offshore structures

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. The students will be equipped with the various aspects related to soil design and

structural design of foundations

References

1. Ashok K Jain ( 1993), Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design, Nem Chand & Bros., Roorkee.

2. Bowles J.E. (1997), Foundation Analysis and Design, Mc. Graw Hill International Edition,

New Delhi..

3. P.C. Varghese, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Foundations”, PHI-Ltd- New Delhi, 1998..

4. Swami Saran (2006), Analysis & Design of Substructures, IBH Publishing Co Pvt. Ltd, New

Delhi.

5. Tomlinson M.J (1996), Foundation design and Construction , John Wiley Interscience,

NweYork



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I

Limit state design of reinforced concrete foundations

Introduction to limit state design of concrete foundations; Soil

pressures for structural design; Depth of footings : Bearing capacity

and settlement of shallow foundations

6 15

II

Structural design of spread footings

Combined footings- rectangular, trapezoidal and strap footings

7 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Mat foundations

Structural design of mat foundations; Beam and Slab raft foundations

Combined pile raft foundations

6 15

IV

Pile foundations

Design of different types of pile foundations; Structural design of

pile

7 15


V

Retaining Walls

Stability analysis of retaining walls; Structural design of retaining

walls- cantilever and counter fort retaining walls)

8 20

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Special foundations

Foundations for special structures like

Water tanks & Ground storage tanks

Transmission towers, Silos & chimneys, Coastal and offshore

8 20



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structures

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE6292 Mini Project 0-0-4 2 2015

Course Objectives To make students Design and develop a system or application in the area of their specialization.

Approach

The student shall present two seminars and submit a report. The first seminar shall

highlight the topic, objectives, methodology, design and expected results. The second

seminar is the presentation of the work / hardware implementation.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of the mini project, the student should be able to 1. Identify and solve various problems associated with designing and implementing a

system or application. 2. Test the designed system or application.



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01CE6294 Experimental Geotechniques-II 0-0-2 1 2015

Course Objectives

To make the students aware of laboratory soil and geosynthetics testing

Syllabus

1.Plate Load test

2. Physical properties of Geotextiles

i. Thickness

ii. Weight

iii. Opening size

iv. Wide width tensile test and Trapezoida tear test using UTM for Geotextiles

v. Cone drop test

3.FEM Analysis of simple Geotechnical Problems using any Geotechnical FEM Software.

i. Footing Analysis

ii. Retaining Wall Analysis

iii. Pavement Design

Expected Outcome

1. Practice on soil and geosynthetics testing

COURSE PLAN

Expt.No. Title Hours

Allotted

1 Plate load test 6

2

Physical & hydraulic properties of Geotextiles

Thickness

Weight

Opening size

Wide width tensile test

Trapezoidal tear test

Cone drop test

Permeability

12

3

FEM Analysis of simple Geotechnical Problems using any

Software

Footing Analysis

Retaining Wall Analysis

10



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Pavement Design

SEMESTER - III




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01CE7211 Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering

3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To give the students an idea of the seismic hazard analysis 2. Make the students capable to design foundations and earth structures to resist

earthquake loading

Syllabus

Ground motion parameters; Amplitude, Frequency, Duration Estimation of ground motion

parameters; Magnitude and distance effects; Development of predictive relationships; Seismic

hazard analysis ;Soil liquefaction ;Laboratory and Field methods for estimation of liquefaction

potential; Ground response analysis - One –dimensional and Two –dimensional; Behaviour of soils

under earthquake loading; Measurement of dynamic soil properties; Resonant column test; Bender

element test; Cyclic tri-axial test; Shake table and Centrifuge tests. Seismic design considerations of

foundations; Development of design parameters; Development of ground motion time histories

Expected Outcome

The student will be familiar with an overall view of the nature of seismic hazards, the methods used to assess their impacts and the techniques available to mitigate their damaging effects.

References

1. Kramer, S. (1995). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Pearson, New Delhi. 2. Ishihara, K.(1996). Soil Behaviour in Earthquake Geotechnics, Oxford Science, NY. 3. Lkuo Towhata. (1995), Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Springer, NY. 4. Kamalesh Kumar. (2009). Basic Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, New Age

International Publishers, New Delhi. 5. Bharat Bushan Prasad (2010) Advanced Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, PH

publishers, New Delhi



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Ground motion parameters Seismology and earthquakes (basic concepts only) Amplitude parameters, Frequency content, Duration Estimation of ground motion parameters Magnitude and distance effects Development of predictive relationships

6

15

II

Seismic hazard analysis Deterministic seismic hazard analysis probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis Soil liquefaction - Susceptibility, initiation and effects of soil liquefaction Laboratory and Field methods for estimation of liquefaction potential- CSR and CRR.

8

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Ground response analysis One –dimensional ground response analysis (with example problems in SHAKE) Two –dimensional ground response analysis (with example problems)

6

15

IV

Behaviour of soils under earthquake loading Strength of sand under earthquake loading Strength of clay under earthquake loading Measurement of dynamic soil properties Resonant column test Bender element test Cyclic tri-axial test Shake table and Centrifuge tests.

8

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V

Seismic design considerations of foundations Design parameters Development of design parameters Development of ground motion time histories

7 20

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Seismic design of retaining walls Dynamic response of retaining walls Seismic displacement of retaining walls Seismic design considerations

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01CE7213 Behaviour and Testing of

unsaturated soils 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To create a research interest in the students in the unsaturated soils 2. To give the students an idea of the behaviour of soils at failure

Syllabus

Properties of unsaturated soils; Soil structure; Pore size determination; Suction Measurement and Control; Enthalpy and Equilibrium Stress conditions in Unsaturated Soils; Stress state in unsaturated soils; Shear strength of unsaturated soils; Pre-yield behaviour; Yield limit; Compression Characteristics of unsaturated soils; Water retention characteristics; Effective stress relations in unsaturated soil; Matric suction and osmotic suction; collapse and heave characteristics

Expected Outcome

The students will be equipped to deal the research works on unsaturated soils

References

1. Fredlund,D.G and Rahardjo,R(1993) Soil Mechanics for unsaturated soils, Wiley, New York

2. Murray E J and Sivakumar V (2010) Unsaturated Soils: A Fundamental Interpretation of Soil Behaviour, wiley, new York.

3. Tarantino, A. and Jommi, C. (2005). Hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated soils: Experimental evidence and constitutive modelling.

4. Mitchell, J. K. and Soga, K. (2005). Fundamentals of soil behavior. John Wiley & Sons,Inc., New Jersey, third edition



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Properties of unsaturated soils Nature and genesis of unsaturated soils, soil variables Particle properties Phase properties and interactions Soil structure Pore size determination Experimental technique for determination pore size distribution

6

15

II

Suction Measurement and Control Techniques for measurement of suction Techniques for control of suction ( Laboratory tests)

6 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Enthalpy and Equilibrium Stress conditions in Unsaturated Soil Role of enthalpy Enthalpy and Terzhagi’s effective stress for saturated soils Enthalpy for unsaturated soils Signification of α Stress state in unsaturated soils Graphical representation of stress

8

15

IV

Shear strength of unsaturated soils Shear strength of unsaturated soils Equivalent strength parameters Pre-yield behaviour Yield limit

6

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V

Compression Characteristics of unsaturated soils Osmotic oedometer tests on reconstituted soi Water retention characteristics Compression characteristics of unsaturated Kaolin Modelling of unsaturated Kaolin

8

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VI

Effective stress relations in unsaturated soil Effective stress concepts- Effective stress relations in unsaturated soil. Matric suction and osmotic suction collapse and heave characteristics of unsaturated soil-strength characteristics of unsaturated soil- Flow through unsaturated soil

8

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END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE7215 Soil Stabilization 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of stabilization of weak soils for engineering purpose.

2. To make the students understand the stabilization process, inorganic and organic stabilization.

Syllabus

Objectives of soil stabilization; Classification of stabilizing agents and stabilization process;

Inorganic stabilizing agents and their characteristics; Lime stabilization under various conditions of

soil; Cement stabilization under different conditions; Fly ash stabilization and its reaction

mechanism; Organic stabilization and bituminous stabilization

Expected Outcome


1. At the end of the course students will be equipped with knowledge of different types of soil stabilizers and their characteristics.

2. Students will be able to select suitable stabilizers based on soil properties and other site requirements.

References

1. Manfred R. Hausmann: Engineering Principles of Ground Modifications 2. Proceedings of the Conference on soil stabilization

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Objectives of soil stabilization. Classification of stabilizing agents and stabilization process. Nature and surface characteristics of soil particle. Concepts of surface area and contact points.

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Inorganic stabilizing agents and their characteristics Lime and Cement Fly ash Hydroxides Carbonates.

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Lime stabilization, Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement, Characteristics under various conditions of soil properties, Time, Temperature and Stress case studies

7

15

IV

Cement stabilization

Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement,

Characteristics under various conditions of soil properties,

Time, Temperature and Stress.

Case studies

7 15


V

Fly ash stabilization- Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement, Characteristics under various conditions of soil properties, Time, temperature and stress- case studies Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement using hydroxides, carbonates etc Case Studies

8 20

VI

Deleterious effects of organic substance and sulphates on inorganic

stabilization

Organic stabilizers

Binding and water proofing agents- bituminous materials lignin,

large organic cations, resins and other organic wastes.

Caste Studies

8

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE 7217 Constitutive Modelling in

Geomechanics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

1. To obtain sufficient understanding of the principles of soil mechanics 2. To demonstrate to students the ability of finite element analysis in modelling real

boundary problems.

Syllabus

Introduction to Continuum Mechanics : Equilibrium equations; stress and strain; Mohr circle; compatibility; axisymmetric conditions; Effective Stress Principle; Effective stress for different materials and conditions; Introduction to Flow and Consolidation in Saturated and Unsaturated Soils : Equilibrium equations ; Classical solution methods for consolidation; seepage; Constitutive Models for Soils in Drained and Undrained Conditions : Elasticity; plastic yielding; failure criteria; stress paths; plasticity theory; Limit Analyses : Upper bound solutions (Plastic slip line analysis); Lower bound solutions (Limit equilibrium); Overview of Physical versus Numerical Modelling: Geotechnical centrifuge modelling; Numerical modelling methods in geotechnical engineering.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Develop an understanding of assumptions and limitations involved in classical analysis

methods. 2. Understanding the role of constitutive models in finite element analyses. 3. Gain knowledge of the elastic stress-strain relation and constitutive parameters

References

1. Scott, R.F. (1963). Principles of Soil Mechanics. Addison Wesley, New York Atikinson, J.H. and Bransby, P.L. (1978).

2. Mechanics of Soils: An introduction to Critical State Soil Mechanics, McGraw-Hill. New York.

3. Puzrin, A. M., “Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics”, Springer Heidelberg Dordecht, New York, 2012..



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Introduction to Continuum Mechanics Equilibrium equations, static and dynamic; Stress, principal directions, invariants; Soil mechanics stress sign convention, Mohr circle, stress space concepts; Strain, principal directions, invariants, rotation, compatibility; Plane strain, plane stress, and axisymmetric conditions

6 15

II

Effective Stress Principle Derivation of effective stress for different materials;. Effective stress under drained, undrained and seepage conditions; Unsaturated conditions

6 15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Introduction to Flow and Consolidation in Saturated and Unsaturated Soils Derivation of coupled equilibrium equations for saturated soils; Classical solution methods (e.g., time factors, Fourier series) for consolidation; Steady-state and transient seepage in rigid and deformable soils

8 15

IV

Constitutive Models for Soils in Drained and Undrained Conditions Linear isotropic and anisotropic elasticity; Viscoelasticity and nonlinear elasticity; Concept of plastic yielding; Failure criteria (Drucker-Prager, Tresca, Mohr-Coulomb, Lade, etc); Experimental stress paths; Classical plasticity theory; Critical state soil mechanics and Cam-Clay plasticity; Viscoplasticity

8 15


V Limit Analyses Upper bound solutions (Plastic slipline analysis) Lower bound solutions (Limit equilibrium)

7 20

VI Overview of Physical versus Numerical Modelling Geotechnical centrifuge modelling; Numerical modelling methods in geotechnical engineering

7 20

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE7219 Geo environment and Landfill 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To create a research interest in the field of Geo environmental engineering, to give students the knowledge on geotechnical aspects in the disposal of waste materials and the remediation of environmentally contaminated sites, to familiarise Design of landfill

Syllabus

Introduction and Soil-water-environment interaction, Variation in Engineering properties of soil,

Geotechnical applications of waste materials, Geotechnical Characterization of waste and disposal,

Site characterization and ranking of sites, MOEF guidelines for waste management and handling,

Landfill Components and its functions, Compacted clay liner, selection of soil, methodology of

construction, Geosynthetics in landfill- types and functions, geosynthetic clay liners -testing and

design aspects, Soil remediation, Investigation of contaminated soil, insitu/exitu remediations, bio

remediation, thermal remediation, pump and treat method, phyto remediation and electro kinetic

remediation, Leachate disposal and Post closure of landfill, Control measures for waste dump and

vertical barriers, Case studies on long term behaviour of landfills

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Deal with geo environmental engineering problems

References

1. Daniel, D.E. (1993). Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal. Chapman, and Hall, London. 2. Koerner, R.M. (2005). Designing with Geosynthetics. Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall, New

Jersey. 3. Reddi L.N and Inyang HI (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Principles and

Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc Publication 4. R. N. Yong (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate,

Mitigation Lewis Publication. 5. Dr. G V Rao and Dr. R S Sasidhar (2009) Solid waste Management and Engineered Landfills,

Saimaster Geoenvironmental Services Pvt. Ltd. Publication. 6. Ayyar TSR (2000) Soil engineering in relation to environment, LBS centre for Science and

Technology, Trivandrum. 7. Hari D. Sharma, Krishna R. Reddy (2004) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Site Remediation,

Waste Containment, and Emerging Waste Management Technologies, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

8. Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Hilary I. Inyang, Edward J. Cichon (2000) Remediation Engineering of Contaminated Soils, Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc.



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Introduction and Soil-water-environment interaction Introduction to geo-environmental Engineering, Soil-water-environment interaction relating to geotechnical problems, Variation in Engineering properties of soil due to change in environment/pore fluid. Geotechnical applications of waste materials

7

15

II

Geotechnical Characterization of waste and disposal Waste:-source, classification and management of waste Physical, chemical and geotechnical characterization of municipal solid waste Waste disposal facilities, Parameters controlling the selection of site for sanitary and industrial landfill. Site characterization and ranking of sites. MOEF guidelines for waste management and handling

6

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Landfill Components Landfill layout and capacity, components of landfill and its functions Liner and cover systems, MOEF guidelines and functional requirements of daily, intermediate cover system. Compacted clay liner, selection of soil, methodology of construction

7 15

IV

Geosynthetics in landfill Geosynthetics- types and functions, durability and chemical resistance Geo membranes geosynthetic clay liners -testing and design aspects

6 15


V

Soil remediation Investigation of contaminated soil, sampling, assessment Transport of contaminants in saturated soil. Remediation of contaminated soil-insitu/exitu remediations, bio remediation, thermal remediation, pump and treat method, phyto remediation and electro-kinetic remediation

8

20

VI

Leachate disposal and Post closure of landfill Control measures for waste dump and vertical barriers Geotechnical properties of flyash and disposal Leachate disposal facilities, gas disposal/utilization Closure and post closure system Case studies on long term behaviour of landfills

8

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



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01CE7221 Critical State Soil Mechanics 3-0-0 3 2015

Course Objectives

To create a research interest in the students in the field of Soil Mechanics, to give the students an

idea of the behaviour of soils at failure

Syllabus

State of stress and strain in soils; Normal and Shear stresses and strains; effective stress; Principal

stresses and strains; Mohr circle; Stress paths; 1 3 1 3’ axes; t: sand t’ :

s’ axes; Stress invariants; Laboratory compression tests on soils I; Requirements of soil loading

tests; Isotropic compression test; Overconsolidation; mathematical representation; Laboratory

compression tests on soils II; 1D compression (oedometer) test on soils; compression and swelling

indices; Test results; standard drained and undrained compression tests; Behaviour of NC clays;

Critical state line and Roscoe surface; Families of undrained and drained tests; Critical state line;

Behaviour of OC clays; volume changes and pore water pressure changes; Drained tests; Hvorslev

surface; elastic wall

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: 1. Deal the research works on failure of soils

References

1. Scott R.F. Principles of Soil Mechanics, Addition Wesley-Reading, Mass, 1963.

2. Schofied, A.N and Wroth C.P Critical State Soil Mechanics McGraw Hill Book Co.Ltd,

London, 1968.

3. Atkinson, J.H and Bransby, P.L., The mechanics of Soils-an introduction to critical state soil

Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Co.Ltd, London, 1978.

4. Wood,D.M. Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics, Cambridge university press

,1990

5. J.A.R.Ortigao, Soil mechanics in the light of critical state theories, Taylor and Francis,

London , 1995



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State of stress and strain in soils

Normal stresses and strains – Shear stresses and strains

Pore pressure and total stress – effective stress – principle and

significance

Principal stresses and principal planes – Mohr circle of stress

Pure shear strain and Engineers’ shear strain

Principal strains and principal planes – Mohr circle of strain

5

15

II

Stress paths

Introduction to stress path

Stress paths with s1 : s 3 and s 1’ : s 3’ axes

Stress paths with t: sand t’ : s’ axes

Stress invariants

Stress paths with q: p and q’ : p’ axes

7

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Laboratory compression tests on soils I

Requirements of soil loading tests – boundary conditions –

control of loading, pore pressure, drainage – classification of soil

tests based on loading conditions

Isotropic compression test on soils – back pressure – secondary

compression

Isotropic compression of clays – idealization – overconsolidation

– possible states – mathematical representation

7 15

IV

Laboratory compression tests on soils II

1D compression (oedometer) test on soils

1D compression of clays – idealization

1D and isotropic compression of clays

Coefficient of volume compressibility – compression and

swelling indices

Test results – standard drained and undrained compression tests

– NC and OC clays

8

15


V

Behaviour of NC clays - Critical state line and Roscoe surface

Families of undrained and drained tests

Critical state line

Drained and Undrained Planes

8 20



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Roscoe surface - Shape of Roscoe surface - as state boundary

surface

VI

Behaviour of OC clays - Hvorslev surface and elastic wall

The behaviour of over consolidated samples: -critical state line- -

volume changes and pore water pressure changes

Drained tests

Hvorslev surface - Critical state line - complete state boundary

surface

Elastic wall concept

7

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



75


01CE7223 Forensic Geotechnical


Course Objectives

To create a research interest in the students in the field of Forensic Engineering, to give the students an idea of the scope and application of Forensic Engineering in the future.

Syllabus

Forensic Engineering; Project reconnaissance; Plans, codes and other technical specifications followed in the design; Diagnostic tests; Analysis of field data; Selection of the lab tests; Scope and extent of Forensic Engineering techniques; Foundation failure investigations; Settlement of structures; Problems in expansive soil; Back Analysis; Selection of the theoretical model; Instrumentation and monitoring; Failure hypothesis; Development of the most probable failure hypothesis; Performing reliability checks; Legal issues involved; Responsibility of geotechnical engineers and contractors.

Expected Outcome

1. The students will be equipped to deal the research works on Forensic Engineering

References

1. Robert W Day, “Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Foundation Engineering” Mc Graw Hill

2. Malcolm D Bolton,”A guide to Soil Mechanics” University Press. 3. Saxena D S., ”Geotechnical and Geoforensic Case Histories” ,Department of Geotechnical

Engineering IIT, Chennai 4. Saxena D S., ”Forensic Engineering in Applied Civil Engineering and Geo domain”, fifth

International Conference on case histories in Geotechnical Engineering, Newyork 5. Saxena D S., ”Technical, Ethical and Legal issues with Forensic Engineering - A Case

History”, Proceedings, 13th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical

Engineering ,Kolkata, India



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Forensic Engineering Introduction-Project reconnaissance Characterization of the distress involved in a building collapse Plans, codes and other technical specifications followed in the design

7

15

II

Diagnostic tests Analysis of field data Selection of the lab tests based on the field parameters to evaluate the behaviour of ground

7

15

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III

Scope and extent of Forensic Engineering techniques Foundation failure investigations Settlement of structures Problems in expansive soil Lateral movement-other geotechnical and foundation problems-groundwater and moisture problems

8

15

IV

Back Analysis Selection of the theoretical model Method involved in the analysis Instrumentation and monitoring

8 15


V

Failure hypothesis Development of the most probable failure hypothesis Cross check with the original design concepts Study on the case histories involved

6 20

VI

Performing reliability checks Legal issues involved Insurance, repairs –how to reduce the potential liability Responsibility of geotechnical engineers and contractors

6

20

END SEMESTER EXAM



77


01CE7291 Seminar-II 0-0-2 3 2015


1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream. 2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics. 3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers

and books. 4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done. 5. Improve the writing and presentation skills.

Approach

Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of the topic and submit a report based on the study.

Expected Outcome Upon successful completion of the seminar, the student should be able to

1. Get good exposure in the current topics in the specific stream. 2. Improve the writing and presentation skills. 3. Explore domains of interest so as to pursue the course project.



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01CE7293 Project (Phase 1) 0-0-12 6 2015


1. Do an original and independent study on the area of specialization. 2. Explore in depth a subject of his/her own choice. 3. Start the preliminary background studies towards the project by conducting

literature survey in the relevant field. 4. Broadly identify the area of the project work, familiarize with the tools required for

the design and analysis of the project. 5. Plan the experimental platform, if any, required for project work.

Approach

The student has to present two seminars and submit an interim Project report. The first

seminar would highlight the topic, objectives, methodology and expected results. The first

seminar shall be conducted in the first half of this semester. The second seminar is the

presentation of the interim project report of the work completed and scope of the work

which has to be accomplished in the fourth semester.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of the project phase 1, the student should be able to 1. Identify the topic, objectives and methodology to carry out the project. 2. Finalize the project plan for their course project.



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01CE7294 Project (Phase 2) 0-0-23 12 2015

Course Objectives

To continue and complete the project work identified in project phase 1.

Approach

There shall be two seminars (a mid term evaluation on the progress of the work and pre

submission seminar to assess the quality and quantum of the work). At least one technical paper

has to be prepared for possible publication in journals / conferences based on their project work.

Expected Outcome

Upon successful completion of the project phase II, the student should be able to

1. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest. 2. Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.

Documents

KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY - Marian … 01CE6202 Advanced Foundation Engineering 3-1-0 40 60 3 4 ... U 01CE6294 Experimental Geotechniques II 0-0-2 100 2 1 ... Kerala Technological