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Clean and Green City Tiruvalla An initiative of RADIO MACFAST 90.4
A Project of
MACFAST (MAR ATHANASIOS COLLEGE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES
TIRUVALLA-689 101, KERALA, INDIA) Concept: Rev. Dr. Abraham Mulamoottil, Principal MACFAST
Project Compilation: Mr. Paul V. Mathew, Project Officer, Clean and Green City Tiruvalla
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 2
Table of contents *
1. Project Background 5
2. Vision 5
3. Mission 6
4. Objectives 6
5. Concept 7
6. Approach – Green Waste Management 8
7. About the Region 11
8. Levels of implementation 11
8.1. Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus at MACFAST 12
8.2. Phase 2: Project implementation 15
8.2.1. Methodology 16
8.2.1.1. Studies and Surveys 17
8.2.1.2. Development of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP) 19
88..22..11..33.. Institutional Mechanism 20
8.2.1.4. Stake holders consultation work shop 26
8.2.1.5. Awareness and capacity building 28
8.2.1.5.1. Hand book on waste management 28
8.2.1.5.2. Green Volunteers 29
8.2.1.5.3. RADIO MACFAST 29
8.2.1.5.4. Clean and Green City Tiruvalla Website 30
8.2.1.5.5. Green Hour 32
8.2.2. Role of stake holders 33
8.2.3. Plausible Mechanism 34
8.2.4. Funding Mechanism and Business Models 39
8.3. Phase 3: Greening of city 42
8.3.1. Sponsorships – Beautification, Maintenance and Management 45
8.3.2. One sapling in one house 46
8.3.3. Sun heart – solar Campaign 46
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 3
8.4. Proposals 47
8.4.1. Eco friendly bags - An alternative for plastic 47
8.4.2. Green School 48
8.4.3. Knowledge Centre 50
8.4.4. Eco Office 51
8.4.5. Bio Park 52
8.4.6. Eco Park 53
8.4.7. Eco Household 54
8.4.8. Green Certification 55
9. Manpower 55
10. Financials 55
11. Time frame 57
12. Conclusion 58
13. Annexure 59
Mechanism for Plastic Collection 59
Green School 61
Plastic Friends 66
Technologies 68
Service Providers 77
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 4
ACRONYMS
1 6R’s Reduce, Reuse ,Recycle, Refuse, Repair and Rethink
2 CGC Clean and Green City
3 DE Documentation Expert
4 EM Effective Micro Organism
5 EPR Extended Producer Responsibility
6 EU Europian Union
7 FI Financial Institutions
8 GWC Green Working Committee
9 IMBY In My Backyard
10 ISWM Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan
11 IWM Integrated Waste Mangement Plan
12 LSG Local Self Government
13 MACFAST Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies Tiruvalla
14 MLSC Municplal Level Steering Committee
15 MLTSU Municipal Level Technical Support Unit
16 NGO Non Governmental Organization
17 NIMBY Not In My Backyard
18 SHG Self Help Group
19 SS Supporting Staff
20 TA Technical Assistant
21 UNDP United Nations Development Program
22 UNEP United Nations Environmental Program
23 WLSC Ward Level Steering Committee
24 WLTT Ward Level Task Team
25 WMWC Waste Management Working Committee
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 5
MACFAST Clean and Green City Tiruvalla
1. Project Background
Every one desires for a pristine, peaceful, unpolluted and calm environment and ambience. The
constitution also deserves this right to each citizen. But the augmentation in population and the
fast growing urbanization and industrialization totally unbalanced our expectations. The fast
moving economy and life style are contaminating our air, water and environment. Various
efforts from different corners to tackle these issues have not yet reached anywhere. In order to
retain our environment clean and healthy, a collective effort is required and it is obviously the
need of this hour. But the past stories invariably prove that the dream ‘Clean and Green City
Tiruvalla’ will come true if everyone contributes their roles. The concept ‘Clean and Green City
Tiruvalla’ emerged from the thought of creating a clean and green environment in the
municipality area of Tiruvalla through a complete Participatory Approach. The theme ‘Charity
begins at home’ will be the guiding principle for the project implementation. The project
includes the development of a model campus at MACFAST Tiruvalla along with the creation of a
zero waste Municipality. Effective awareness, capacity building programs, active participation
of stake holders, technical support for the implementation and Research and Development
services are the key strategies to achieve this target. In addition to the zero waste concept,
development of a sustainable model for waste management by cultivating eco friendly
practices, thereby generating income, are also envisaged.
2. Vision
To make a Model City that is Waste-free, Green and Healthy. Accomplish the creation of a
‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’ - a sustainable model for waste management, eco friendly
practices and greening with all environmental aspects for the whole city thereby proving that
waste management is viable, cost effective and financially sustainable.
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 6
3. Mission
Development of zero waste and green Tiruvalla with unpolluted environment, better living
conditions and surroundings, quality life, sustainable/eco friendly practices and perfect
ambience through:
Effective and creative awareness programs
Catalyze development of attitudinal change among the people towards waste
management and environmental up keep.
Introducing and encouraging waste management practices in individuals especially in
children
Enable achievement of personal as well as environmental hygiene
Sanitation for all, especially installation of sanitation facilities at public places
Make the project implementation participatory
Facilitate active community participation
Spread the notion wealth from waste and waste as resource thereby developing eco
friendly products
Ensure all technical support including scientific as well as practical aspects of waste
management
Greening the city through the help of funding agencies and innovative farming practices
4. Objectives
Conduct studies and researches on waste management
Suggest effective waste disposal mechanism for each category – units/groups/chapters
Make the community aware about the negative impacts of environmental pollution and
methods of disposal including waste management techniques
Making the community directly responsible by promoting them as the volunteers for
waste management
Enable Local Self Government to take the lead role to achieve the target of ‘Clean and
Green City - Tiruvalla’
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 7
Catalyze employment opportunities in waste management sector
Develop a Research and Development Centre for waste management in MACFAST
Campus
Provide technical support for waste management projects and programs
Enhancing Stakeholders’ capacity building in Environmental Management through
continous training and workshop for local government, NGOs, community leaders, Local
Self Groups and institutions
Make practical the concept ‘wealth from waste’ and ‘waste as resource’
Develop an institutional mechanism to promote eco friendly practices
Introduce eco friendly products instead of non biodegradable materials
Promote organic farming, eco product development, ornamental and herbal farms etc.
to emulate the greening concept
Promote funding agencies and sponsors for greening of city
Preparation of a prioritized list of project profiles to explore opportunities for utilization
of various funding resources available, ranging from local Panchayat, public-private
investment partnerships to international agencies.
5. Concept
First and foremost, the project envisions a paradigm shift in the attitude of community from
Not In My Backyard (NIMBY) syndrome to In My Backyard (IMBY) habit. In other words enable
the community to ‘segregate and dispose the waste at the source itself’ is the core theme of
the project. Creative and effective awareness, systematic implementation and enhanced
community support are the real ways out for the problems of wastes. A social and structural
transformation can be triggered by strengthening community participation and public-private
partnerships.
The entire project may be encapsulated like this: Follow the concept ‘Charity begins at home’.
Hence, the project extends the idea that waste is generated by human beings and they are also
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 8
liable to manage it. More scientifically, waste management is the Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR) and it is a strategy that is intended for the integration of all costs related
with products across their life cycles into the market price of the product. The Polluter Pays
Principle suggests that in case of waste leading to any impact on the environment, the polluting
party is held responsible and the party needs to pay for it. The waste management refers to the
need for a waste producer to pay for proper waste disposal. In other words, it should be
understood that the waste management is not the sole responsibility of Municipality, but every
individual can and is ethically responsible to manage the waste one could generate.
Greening – the last phase of this project intends to create a replicable model for Public Private
Partnership (PPP). In addition to the strategy ‘Green hour’ for creative awareness, this PPP for
managing unanimated places, streams and drains and greening public places envisage
sponsorship from private enterprises and individuals.
The scope of work is now focusing on Tiruvalla municipality and gradually it will cover the entire
Central Travancore, particularly the area where the holy river Pamba is flowing. municipality
area. In other way, the project will initiate on a pilot basis in a specific ward, in MACFAST and
therafter it can be implemented in the whole municipality,so that a trial and error method will
help to fill all the lacunas in the implications.
6. Approach – Green Waste Management
Green Waste Management is a term used to describe any environmentally friendly way of
processing the products that has been discarded. In this kind of waste management, focus is
generally on finding the ways that could help to reuse or recycle the discarded articles so that
they are not dumped in landfills. It also aims at disposing the toxic waste in such a way that it
does not disturb the environment.
Green Waste Management intends to promote the principle 6R’s - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,
Refuse, Repair and Rethink ( Grass Root Network Society, GRRN, USA) -thereby developing a
sustainable model for waste management. This model encourages a decentralized mechanism
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 9
for waste management. The approach of Green Waste Management not only suggests 6R’s
principle but also supports the concept – wealth from waste.
The first and foremost important factor to remember after 6R’s principle is the segregation of
wastes. Normally wastes can be categorized in to two, viz bio degradable and non-bio
degradable. Toxic and e-waste is also included and it is a separate category. But 85% of the
household wastes are bio degradable and it can be easily disposed by any person through some
effective methods followed by segregation. Green Waste Management varies from setting to
setting. So it suggests centralized waste treatment in some occasion and it may vary in different
categories. On such occasions it can be developed as a business model by supplying waste
management equipments to such categories and generating employment as well as value
added products out of it. Hence, N.G.Os, Local Self Groups, Kudumbasree etc. can play an
effective role in this system. Thus, the Green Waste Management is a boon to the environment
as it uses the techniques that disposes the waste in an eco friendly way.
This strategy would lead to an interim scenario of barest minimum of waste generation that
needs to be disposed at the source itself and ultimately to the concept of Zero Waste. Through
an integrated approach and availability of technology, the message of waste minimization and
segregation would be spread to households and institutions. This would be accompanied by
maximizing recycling as well as recovery of energy and manure using appropriate technological
interventions. To start with, the focus should be on awareness building. Simultaneously the
regulatory framework would be strengthened through proper enforcement of existing laws and
restructuring the existing laws to give more teeth for enforcement. Ultimately energy, wealth
and resource can be recovered from wastes and thereby prove that it is not a finger burning
issue but a lucrative and viable idea. Concepts like Bio Park, Green School, Eco Parks,
Knowledge Centre etc. will give more thrust to the MACFAST Clean and Green City Tiruvalla
Project.
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 10
RESOURCE
WASTE MATERIALS (Dispose at the source itself)
Remaining /undisposed
wastes
Fig 1: Waste Management Mechanism
SEGRAGATED COLLECTION
Degradable Non - degradable
Plastic Toxic E- Waste
SUITABLE TECHNOLOGY
DISPOSAL/TREATMENT
Bio gas, Composting, SWTP etc.
VALUE ADDED
PRODUCTS
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 11
7. About the Region
Tiruvalla is a town and a Taluk headquarters located in Pathanamthitta district in the State of
Kerala in South India. This is the largest and the most developed town in the district. The city spans
a geographic area of 27.94 km² with a population of 56,828 as of 2001 India census, Males
constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. In Thiruvalla, 10% of the population is under 6
years of age.
It is on the western border of Pathanamthitta District. The municipal town limits are
Thirumoolapuram, Kattod, Kuttapuzha and Manipuzha. Formerly, some areas of present
Changanacherry were parts of Tiruvalla taluk. Now the boundaries of the taluk are Varattar Bridge
on the south, Lappalam on the north, Pullad on the east and Neerattupuram in west situates in
Alappuzha district. Pullad is the last point of Thiruvalla area & it falls in the Koipuram panchayath.
The nearest major port is in Kochi, nearest airports are in Kochi and Thiruvananthapuram at a
distance of approximately 125 kilometres north and south respectively. The closest sea port, a
minor one, is about 30 km away at Alappuzha. The district's only railway station, (Class A
categorised) with an annual revenue of over Rs.15 crores (2010), is in Thiruvalla(TRVL) on the
Ernakulam to Thiruvananthapuram/Cape Comorin rail route via Kottayam.The national carrier AIR
INDIA has a reservation office in Thiruvalla.
8. Levels of Implementation
Broadly the implementation of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla can be divided in to three phases.
Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus at MACFAST
Phase 2: Project implementation
Phase 3: Greening of the city
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 12
8.1. Phase 1: Development of Model Clean and Green Campus at MACFAST
As part of the project Clean and Green City Tiruvalla - a task
undertaken by Radio MACFAST, development of a model campus
with the vision of ‘to make a Model Campus that is Waste-free,
Green and Healthy’ has been envisaged. It plans to demonstrate
different sustainable practices in waste management, energy
conservation and resource utilization so that the same can be
replicated by any institution as well as stake holders. Now it is
already implemented. With the title ‘Clean and Green Campus’ and with a caption ‘Think big
think green’- it has paved a smooth way to cultivate good environmental practices/habits in
students and staff through various systematic and scientific methods. While encapsulating this
initiative, its objectives are as following:
o Energy Conservation and Management
o Water Conservation and Control of Water Quality
o Control of Air Quality and Sound/Noise
o Management of Social, Ethical and Cultural Environment
o Displaying environmental conservation themes
o Regular Sessions/brain storming on environmental importance
o Implementing/Practicing ideal models
o Effective utilization of land by initiating organic farming, herbal garden,
ornamental flowers, recreation facilities etc.
o Demonstration of ideal models like solar equipments, water recharging, waste
disposal mechanisms etc.
o Installation of energy saving equipments/systems in the campus
o Campus Greening
o Management of Landscape and Aesthetics
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 13
A study had been conducted in the campus which analyzed various aspects like existing waste
management mechanisms, issues, major sources of wastes, category, quantity etc. and came
out with an effective solution. It suggested the following mechanism for waste management:
Segregated Collection at the Point of Generation
Transfer/Transport to the Processing Facility
Resource Recovery for Recycling and Reuse
Treatment/Processing
Disposal (to the minimum)
Segregated
collection
Processing
facility
Resource
recovery
Storage
RECYCLING
DISPOSAL
Aerobic
decomposition
BIOFERTILIZER
Disposable
Residue
Biodegradable
Transport
Fig 2: Waste Management Mechanism – MACFAST Campus
For segregated collection, differently coloured bins were provided at the point(s) of generation
(as biodegradable, recyclable and toxic) a GREEN BIN for Biodegradable Wastes, BLUE BIN for
Recyclable Wastes and RED BINS for Toxic Wastes. These segregated wastes will be collected
and removed from the point(s) of generation on a regular basis by the staff involved in cleaning
work. The contents of green, blue and red boxes will be removed daily, weekly and monthly
respectively.
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 14
•
Bio degradable wastes are be processed by an
aerobic composting method through a bio bin (bio
trigger mechanism) which is installed at the
campus and it produces bio fertilizer. The liquid
and major bio degradable wastes from the Food
Court and mess of both Men’s and Women’s
Hostels are processed through the bio gas plants in
the campus and used for cooking. The slurry and
bio fertilizer are used in the farms. Non- bio degradable wastes are kept in a separate container
for further processing. Segregated recyclable/reusable wastes are stored in different cubicles
within the store room of the Waste Processing Facility. The contents in the red box (toxic) are
carefully transferred to a concrete box which is buried safely. In addition to this, glass
ware/bottles are segregated on the basis of colour and kept in separate containers. The
collected plastics will be cleaned properly and crushed through a plastic shredder which will be
installed in the campus soon. The messages regarding waste management, energy
conservation, personal hygiene etc. are placed at appropriate places in the campus for
awareness. In addition to this, continuous awareness programs are telecast through the
campus community radio -RADIO MACFAST 90.4 by students and staff. Certain eco friendly
practices like avoiding plastic carry bags/files, using one side written papers, using eco friendly
products etc. are carried out by MACFAST. Water recharging system, organic farming and solar
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 15
paneling are the other initiatives undertaken and it is in progress. The herbal garden
maintained by the bio students is another attraction in the campus.
Green Hour is the other innovative program
introduced in the campus. A complete hour in a week
on Thursdays has been allotted for environmental
awareness which includes all students as well as top
to bottom level staff. 20 minutes talk on ‘tip of the
week’ and a talk on a relevant environmental topic is
followed by sharing of ideas on innovative waste
management/energy conservation/personal hygiene strategies. Everyone will share how they
have carried out the tip during the previous week and what they will do in the next week for
environment protection. A similar one hour program is telecast through the Community Radio
to make local people aware regarding their roles in environmental management.
Bio campus in the college has also enhanced their participation by strengthening their research
and development skills in environmental management. Development of bio plastic, effective
micro organism, herbal farm, bacterial consortium etc. are giving robustness to the notion of
Clean and Green Campus. Development of Eco Shop, Eco Park and Green Recreation Corner are
few of the immediate items in the pipeline. Clean and Green Campus is the apparent evidence
of vision and impetus of concerned authorities and balanced efforts from all corners. Through
these mutual efforts, it is invariably proved that the dream of a clean and green city is not far
fetched and impossible to achieve if everyone contributes their roles.
8.2. Phase 2: Project Implementation
Before moving for a full fledged implementation, the project will be implemented on a pilot
basis in the city in some selected wards so that a trial and error method will help to rectify the
initial hindrances and technical errors.
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 16
8.2.1. Methodology
In order to attain the target of ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’, the project should be
implemented in a highly systematic and well coordinated manner. The methodology adapted
here is Participatory approach and Public Private Partnership mode. While considering micro
aspects in the execution, active participation of all stake holders is a key strategy to acclaim the
glory of clean and green city. Thorough theoretical as well as field level studies and surveys are
required in this matter so that it may pave an easy way for the execution. Studies followed by
the quantification of waste, suggestion of suitable waste management methods, setting up of
an institutional mechanism for the implementation, wide level consultation workshops,
preparation of handbooks on waste management, demonstration of ideal models, creative and
effective awareness, well coordinated and highly organized field level implementation, setting
up of supporting facilities, regular follow ups, effective monitoring and evaluation etc. are the
methods which should be adapted.
Fig.3: Basic Approach
As mentioned earlier, for making the project ubiquitous and effective, wide level community
participation and stake holders’ support are required. So the project also suggests certain
institutional mechanism in different levels,that may help in abstaining from much imbroglio.
The steps included in the methodology consist of various tasks which would be explained later
in the Concept report. The diagrammatic representation of methodology is shown below.
PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Discussions with LSG
Representatives to Local level
Planning
Decentralization and Local
level Planning
Surveys, Trainings, Awareness, Community Ventures and
Public Private Partnerships
Execution
Maintenance, Evaluation,
Monitoring and Up
gradation
Planning Management
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 17
FFiigg 44:: PPrroojjeecctt MMeetthhooddoollooggyy –– MMAACCFFAASSTT CClleeaann aanndd GGrreeeenn CCiittyy TTiirruuvvaallllaa
8.2.1.1. Studies and Surveys
Waste Management is always a finger burning issue while in the implementation level. Also, the
techniques and methods to manage waste may vary from location to location and type to type.
So it is termed as a location specific and waste specific solution. Hence, before the
implementation stage, a thorough field level study regarding quantity and type of wastes,
Development of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP)
Tiruvalla
Setting up of Institutional Mechanism
Stake holders’ consultations/workshops
Evaluation workshops/Consultations
Pilot implementation
Phase 2 Implementation
Monitoring, Evaluation and Follow up
Studies and Surveys
Tiruvalla
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 18
existing methods and location for disposal, technologies available etc. are required. This study
includes three levels:
1. Baseline data collection
2. Assessment of present waste management system
3. Identifying issues of concern
Fig 5: Methodology - Project Preparation
1. Baseline data collection
Base line data collection consists of source identification, quantification and
characterization of different types of waste (including industrial, municipal, commercial,
Desk Research
Preparation of questionnaires/ discussion points
Field surveys/ Focus Groups/one to one
discussions
Data compilation and Analysis
Preparation of Integrated Waste Management
Plan (IWMP)
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 19
agricultural and special wastes such as medical waste) including projections for future
waste generation etc.
2. Assessment of present waste management system
It includes assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of the existing waste
management system covering all aspects like waste collection, segregation,
transportation, treatment and disposal
3. Identifying issues of concern
This stage includes identifying and prioritising issues of concern so that it can be
addressed in a systematic and effective way in the project plan and would cover
economic, technical, environmental and social areas
8.2.1.2. Development of an Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP)
Based on the results emerged from the initial studies, an Integrated Waste Management Plan
will be prepared which will address the issues identified and suggest a suitable
solution/technologies in a comprehensive manner. IWMP will suggest suitable waste
management methods, energy saving techniques and environmental friendly practices for
individual categories like hotels, households, institutions, hospitals, markets, slaughter houses,
local shops etc. In addition to this, it will incorporate specific proposals for promoting
sustainable development, greening and for enhancing eco friendly practices in the Municipality
area.
As per the basic approach, the whole process will focus on Participatory planning from the
initial level onwards. All the major stakeholders will be included in discussions, studies and
consultation for the development of Integrated Waste Management Plan (IWMP). The planning
process shall be facilitated at every stage by involving continuous stakeholder consultations like
presenting situation analysis report, proposed mechanism and technical suggestions. The IWMP
will be finalized by incorporating all the stakeholders’ opinions and suggestions. An interactive
mode website will be developed for Clean and Green City project which provides detailed
action plan, strategies, guidelines etc. (see website model later). Apart from Radio MACFAST
Green Hour, Electronic LED Billboards will be set up in five different parts of Tiruvalla for
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 20
promotion of the Clean and Green City Project. The process envisaged is presented
diagrammatically in the Figure below which was adapted for UNEP Clean City Project Pune.
Fig.6: IWMP – Process chart
88..22..11..33.. Institutional Mechanism
Setting up of an institutional mechanism for the project implementaion is another key step in
the process. A proper institutional mechanism is an integral part for every project which will act
as a guiding force for making the project lively. In addition to this, it ensures the project is
participatory by including all the stake holders representatives as the committee members.
The suggested institutional mechanism consists of two levels. One for the implementation and
coordination and the other for evaluation, monitoring and expert advice. First level committee
includes Municipal Level Technical Support Unit (MLTSU) and Ward Level Task Team (WLTT)
which is for the coordination and implemenation of the project at field level. Second level
committee consists of Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC), at central level, Ward Level
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 21
Steering Committee (WLSC) at ward level. MLSC will be the sole authority for implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of the whole project and all other units/committees come under the
supervision of MLSC. WLSC will be the sole authority for implementaion, monitoring and
evaluation at the ward level which will be under MLSC. There will be two executive committees
under MLSC and WLSC namely Waste Mangement Committee and Greening Committee.
MLTSU will be in charge of the overall coordination and implementation of the project which
provide guidelines and action plans to the WLTT. High Power Commitee is an external board
which is to facilitate and support the functions of Clean and Green City project of Tiruvalla.
Community Commity is an open commitee selcted from the people. This commitee will held in
certain intervals to discuss about the updates and actions of progrees. This is to to ensure the
process completely participatory.
Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC)
This Committee is the sole authority to plan, execute, evaluate and monitor the Clean and
Green City programme throughout Tiruvalla Municipality. The Committee is made up of a broad
mix of representatives of government, local self governments, industry, civil society
organizations, academicians, media personnel, members of the municipal council, organizations
involved in waste management and individuals who can contribute high level of professional
expertise in the area.
Role
To guide the development of a strategy and provide a framework for Clean and Green
City Project
To provide detailed policy and administrative guidance, and direction to the project in
the Municipality
To aid and direct MLTSU for the implementation of the Programme
To plan, manage and periodically monitor the project in the Municipality as a whole and
at wards as well as extend and promote it to broad platforms.
To act as a platform for partners and stakeholders to consult together on matters of
common concern in the field of waste management
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 22
Review and evaluation of implementation of various act and rules concerning the
implementation of IWMP
To ensure transparency and accountability in the project
To provide instructions, authorizations and updated information to the partners and
stakeholders from time to time
To address any issue related to Clean and Green City project as may be necessary to give
effect to this programme
To act as an Apex body of the Clean and Green City Project to brief, direct and
recommend Government for decisions, functions and procedures
Fig. 7: Institutional Mechanism for monitoring, evaluation and expert advice
Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC)
Waste Management
Working Committee Greening Working
Committee
Executive Committee
Waste Management
Working Committee Greening Working
Committee
Executive Committee
Ward Level Steering Committee (WLSC)
Community
committee
High Power Committee
(HPC)
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 23
Municipal Level Steering Committee (MLSC)
1. Municipal Chairperson (Chairman)
2. Municipal Secretary (Convener)
Members
3. Municipal Vice Chairman
4. Municipal Health Standing Committee Chairman
5. Opposition Leader
6. Project Director
7. Project Officer
8. Municipal Engineer
9. Municipal Health Supervisor
10. Suprdnt. Taluk Hospital
11. Circle Inspector
12. Field Officer, Agriculture Department
13. President, C.D.S
14. President, Press Club
15. Secretary, Press Club
16. President, Bar Association
17. Dean – Bio Campus, MACFAST
Ward Level Steering Committee (WLSC)
This Committee holds all the powers to plan and execute the Clean and Green City programme
in the ward directed by the MLSC guidelines from time to time. The whole responsibility for the
implementation of the programme at the wards rely on this Committee. The Committee is
made up of a broad mix of representatives of government, local self governments, industry,
civil society organizations, academicians, media, members of Kudumbasree, organizations
involved in waste management and individuals who can contribute high level of professional
expertise in the area.
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 24
Roles
To monitor and manage the Clean and Green City programme and projects at the wards
as envisaged by MLSC
To ensure implementation of the project at wards
To lead the participatory planning process at the wards for the decisions and actions for
implementation
Coordinate the working groups in waste management and greening areas for meticulous
and realistic action plans
To ensure participation of stakeholders from various walks of life in environmental
management
Support the function of WLTT to professionalize project at the wards
Ensure accountability and transparency in the programme
Ward Level Steering Committee (WLSC)
1. Ward Councilor (Chairman)
2. Ward Level Sanitation Convener (Convener)
Members
3. Ward Level Task Team Leader
4. Farmers Union Member
5. Kudumbasree Represetative
6. N.G.O’s Representative
7. Resident Associations Representative
8. Political/ religious/social movement representatives (4)
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla 2011
RADIO MACFAST Page 25
Municipal level Technical Support Unit (MLTSU)
For the implementation and coordination of the project Clean and Green City Tiruvalla,
Municipal level Technichal Support Unit(MLTSU) will be constituted. This MLTSU shall work as
per the decisions of MLSC. MLTSU will implement the project in the field with the coordination
of WLTT and make effective rapport among all other committees. WLTT consists of a team
leader and members from Kudumbasree, NGOs, SHGS etc. and will facilitate functions of the
project at field level.
Fig.8: Institutional mechanism for technical support, implementation and coordination
Working committee on waste management and greening are the representatives from MLSC
and WLSC respectively. In addition to their common role, they are also expected to give expert
advice on all the project matters. MLSC, WLSC and the working group should discuss and
debate on the Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives of the IWM Plan along with the strategies
that could be deployed to achieve the targets.
Municipal level Technical Support Unit (MLTSU)
Project Director
Chief Coordinator
TA SS DE
Ward Level Task Team (WLTT)
Team Leader
Task Team
Green Volunteers
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High Power Committee (HPC)
High Power Committee is an external board which is facilitates the project in different levels.
High level interventions like funding, policy level changes and interventions, government
orders, technical support, project sourcing etc. are expecting from this committee. It consists of
1. Member of Parliament
2. Member of Legislative Assembly
3. R.D.O
4. District Environmental Engineer
5. Chief Town Planner
6. D. Y. S. P
8.2.1.4. Stake holders Consultation workshop
Stake holders workshops and consultation are envisaged before the field level implementation
which will concise and discuss the whole project to get equal concern from all the corners.
Subsequent to the discussions within the working group, a series of workshops or meetings
would be held between various stakeholders and the civic and city authorities targeting each
area in waste management. The Stakeholder Consultation workshops can be of two types,
either thematic or stakeholder specific.
Thematic Workshops: Thematic workshops bring together stakeholders that are concerned
with a single issue or a particular opportunity. One benefit of having such workshops is that all
the stakeholders involved in the issue can interact directly with one another and can identify
solutions that are mutually suitable.
Stakeholder Specific Workshops:
Workshops that are specific to stakeholder groups intend to bring together various members
with a common background and purpose. For example, all the NGOs working towards
environmental management or all organizations working towards social and developmental
change can be brought together. The benefit of this type of a consultation is that all the
viewpoints from a single group can be collected.
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Fig.9: Consultation Model
Stakeholder consultation workshops will give emphasis on the aim to muster maximum inputs
from the stakeholders. The Municipality authorities and different Committees can also present
some of the key findings and issues based on the situation analysis study to the various
stakeholders. Various experts and technology/service providers for the particular stream will be
invited as panelists to facilitate the discussions with the other stakeholders and to share their
experiences and views through presentations. Such presentations should be followed by
discussions involving the key stakeholders, technology/service providers, NGOs, representatives
of various educational and research institutions and concerned city/civic authorities. All the
stakeholders will be informed about the potential opportunities for economic or environmental
benefits that can be obtained from the IWM Plan. This will encourage the stakeholders to
participate actively in the implementation process. An online feedback mechanism in the
project website and community radio can be effectively utilized for wide level consultation. The
website can also be used as a tool for spreading the word about the plan as well as obtaining
feedback from various members about the development of the programme.
LSG and Government Agencies NGOs, SHGs, Micro Enterprises
Kudumbasree
Politicians, Community Leaders Technology Providers
Academicians and Experts
Private sector industry Industry Partners
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8.2.1.5. Awareness and Capacity Building
Field level implementation of the project starts with wide level awareness and capacity building
programs. In order to make the program more community oriented, a hand book on waste
management and similar leaflets will be prepared and distributed among the individual units. In
addition to the Ward Level Task Team (WLTT), a group called Green Volunteers will be selected
and positioned in all wards which would catalyze system implementation. Periodic
announcements will be displayed in the Electronic LED Billboards (Green Boards) set up in
Tiruvalla.
8.2.1.5.1. Hand Book on Waste Management
This hand book is exclusively for Tiruvalla Municipality which provides all details regarding
waste management, environmental hygiene, personal hygiene, waste management and
greening technologies etc. based on the studies and researches which will be conducted as per
the initial plan. This handbook will cover following subjects.
Common tips for environmental hygiene, personal hygiene and energy conservation
Municipality - Present scenario of waste management and its issues
Brief study report
Suggested model – Integrated Waste Management Plan
Modern technologies for
House holds
Flats
Hotels
Hospitals
Hostels
Institutions
Auditoriums and community centers
Railway station
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Festival/celebration Venues
Successful models
Disposal mechanism – waste specific
Details on service providers
Role of stake holders
Greening of the city
Legal frameworks
Implementation and funding mechanism
8.2.1.5.2. Green Volunteers
Green Volunteers are the persons who are selected from all wards to facilitate the
implementation in all wards and to make the project more participatory. These Green
Volunteers will support WLTT to robust the awareness campaigns/programs and develop a
surveillance system at the point of generations. They will also be provided with badges/identity
cards. Members of NGOs, Kudumbasree, clubs, religious and community organizations, social
workers, environmental activists etc. can join as Green Volunteers.
In order to ensure rigorous public awareness, different workshops, campaigns and public
meetings at various levels will be organized in which people would be introduced to the whole
process and different models. The Ward Level Task Team shall take the major initiative for the
awareness programs. In order to make the WLTT to perform the plan, capacity building
programs will be provided by MTSU and Technology/ service providers at different stages.
8.2.1.5.3. RADIO MACFAST GREEN HOUR Radio MACFAST - a social service arm and community radio of MACFAST dedicates an hour for
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla, every Friday from 7.30 PM to 8.30 PM. Similar to Green Hour in
the campus, the radio telecasts the program and collects feedback and suggestions from people
on a continuous basis. An introductory message followed by calls and responses of listeners has
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RADIO MACFAST Page 30
made the project a lively one. In additions to this, details regarding IWMP can be updated
through the radio. It may encourage stake holders as well as media partners to promote the
concept of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla.
8.2.1.5.4. Clean and Green City Tiruvalla Website
A website has been created for Clean and Green City Tiruvalla-cgc.macfast.org- which provides
sufficient services and details of Integrated Waste Treatment Plan. This interactive website - an
effective mode of communication contain the following:
Integrated Waste Management Plan for Tiruvalla
Adaptable methods/technologies for waste management
Innovative waste management or waste to resource
Facility for sending query or comment
Workshops and capacity building programs
Existing waste regulations and laws
Links for research and more information
Guidance documents, case studies of best practices
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) and answers
Facility for lodging complaints
Inventory of waste management solution providers
Blog and social networking
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A draft site map of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla is as follows (Fig.10).
Workshops for different stakeholders shall be arranged periodically based on specific themes.
Seminars/conferences and workshops are the most commonly used delivery mechanisms. Half-
day seminars are particularly useful in influencing associations, community leaders etc, whereas
one day workshops focusing on themes such as energy efficiency, water conservation etc. are
for technical support units of the society. In addition to this, after a seminar or a workshop,
one-to-one meetings serve as a good follow-up mechanism. These awareness and educational
programmes will be on a continuous basis through conducting workshops for various segments
such as students, consumers, and businesses. Communicating the results of the IWM Plans,
monitoring and evaluation through the established reporting system will help in maintaining
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the interest of the various groups in the programme. The progress reports can be published on
the website dedicated for Clean and Green City Tiruvalla , newsletter and LED Green Boards.
Capacity building is the other important part of the program which will equip the community,
task team, Green Volunteers and stake holders to follow the action plan without any ambiguity.
This in turn, requires preparation of training modules, conducting training programmes,
organizing seminars by service providers etc. for all the individual stakeholders. The WLTT and
Green Volunteers will gather under MLTSU to ensure the systematic implementation of this
segment of the project.
8.2.1.5.5. Green Hour
Green Hour provides a creative platform for effective awareness and offers an enormous
opportunity to learn and practise different environment management as well as personal
hygiene aspects. It moots an hour for environment and nature in every unit/chapter and
individuals for propagating the news of clean and green city by practicing/learning/teaching the
goodness of nature conservation, waste management, energy conservation, waste
management and personal hygiene. It is observed once in a week.
Citing the example of MACFAST Green Hour on Thursdays 4PM-5PM, it consists of four stages.
Stage 1: Talk/Presentation of the day (Message)
The program starts with a talk – a 20 minute message by faculties/leaders/coordinators/ of
each class/units on any of the environmental topics. The unit/chapter then discusses the
practical implications and share their views on the topic individually.
Stage 2: Brainstorming of Ideas:
The members of the unit/chapter share any idea -new, innovative, impossible, or even
seemingly absurd idea for effective environment management.
Stage 3: Tip of the Week:
The members then decide to consciously practise a specific tip – any clean and green action for
the next week, and to be followed forever.
Stage 4: Self Reflection:
Clean and Green actions of the previous week would be shared aloud/read aloud by each
member of the unit/chapter.
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This interesting continuous exercise will muster a platform for developing certain good
environmental practices among the individuals/groups which lead to a collective attitudinal
change in the community.
Similar programs can be successfully conducted in schools/institutions/offices. Sometimes
similar programs may not be possible in busy offices and service oriented firms. So they can
utilize this time by designing various other ideas. For example individuals can listen and
respond to the radio program, news papers can provide a space at the day for environment
management program, display and distribute brochures/tips/leaflets on this aspect,
industries/factories can switch off the devices or machines etc.
Fig. 11: Awareness and Capacity building programs
8.2.2. Role of stake holders
Local Self Governments and Municipalities have the key role to manage wastes in their areas.
They should have the determination and strength of will to implement the plans and projects
properly. Proper follow up, evaluation and monitoring from the concerned authorities will help
to accomplish the targets. Authorities are also liable to ensures rules, laws and regulations are
maintained everywhere. In addition to this, authorities can make the community aware about
all the negative impacts of environmental pollution and the irrepairable damage caused by the
same. Thus LSGs and Municipalities can ensure acquaintance of all the stake holders and make
the project participatory.
HAND BOOK, LEAFLETS RADIO MACFAST
MEDIA SEMINARS, WORK SHOPS, CAMPAiGNS
TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING MODULES
PROPOSALS - INSTALLATION OF
TREATMENT PLANTS, SHREDDERS, ECO
PARKS, GREENING ETC. GREEN HOUR
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The General Public has a responsibility to prevent and minimize waste wherever possible, and
to use the facilities made available for safe collection and disposal of waste. They need to
participate in source separation and recycling services provided, and remove household
hazardous waste for safe disposal.
The Business and Industrial sectors need to implement best practices in relation to waste
prevention, minimization, recycling and disposal, and also to implement greener policies
in‐house. They will ensure the proper documentation of all the wastes leaving their premises
and it should be handled by legal operators. The Packaging Industry (including re‐pack), is
responsible for improving packaging, waste reduction, reusability and recyclability, as well as
funding recycling and recovery of packaging.
The Private Sector will continue to expand collection and recycling services, provide innovative
technologies and assist in the promotion of awareness on waste management. They are
required to follow the waste hierarchy and waste plan objectives with improvements in data
reporting and compliance.
Voluntary Organizations, NGOs & Community Groups can undertake waste projects and
promote eco friendly products and practices at local level. Increased responsibility will be taken
for waste management through community schemes with support from local authorities.
Media has a vital role in educating and updating local community through different programs.
As a persuader, they can address different issues on waste management, bring these issues to
the attention of the concerned authority and help to safeguard the general health of people.
8.2.3. Plausible Mechanism
As mentioned earlier an Integrated Waste Management Plan can provide suggestions only after
studies and surveys. At the same time there are many successful mechanisms available which
are replicated from our country and abroad. In the back ground of these studies, some models
are illustrated below.
Demonstration of 6R’s principles through integrated waste management in the city
which can serve as model for other cities in the region for replication and adoption
Enhancement of capacity of local government authorities, businesses and civil society
organizations in dealing with waste issues
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Waste prevention and reduction at source
Waste segregation at source
Waste collection
Waste transportation
Waste reuse/exchange
Waste recycling/resource recovery
Waste treatment for organic waste &
disposal of residual waste at sanitary landfill
Achievement of resource augmentation through the application of 6R’s principle
Demonstration of Environmentally Sound Technologies (ESTs) for waste management
Improvement of the management of waste in the target city
Fig. 12: Waste management strategy
Municipality is the sole authority to implement the project including placing of technical
support unit, funding/sanctioning grants for technologies like bio gas plant, solid waste
treatment plant, waste water treatment plant, bio bins, plastic shredders etc. Purchase,
installation and maintenance of these will be under the control/ suggested mechanism of
Municipality.
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Fig.13: Waste Management Mechanism suggested by UNEP
Existing mechanism in Kerala suggests following solutions for waste management.
Location specific
Sl. No. Properties Available Technologies
1 House holds Composting, cultiverter, Bio gas, incinerators,
homestead organic farming, water harvesting etc.
2 Flats Bio bins, bio gas, solar panels, composting, farms, rain
water harvesting
3 Market Waste bins, sign boards, Waste water treatment plant,
solid waste treatment plant, bio gas, effective micro
organism (EM), Solar panels, rain water harvesting,
plastic shredders and sanitation facilities, cleaning staff
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4 Resident Associations Bacterial/vermi composting, centralized waste collection
and community solid waste treatment plant, bio gas
plants, water recharging facilities, ornamental/herbal
farms and gardens, community farm.
5 Institutions Waste bins, bio gas, organic farms, solar panel, water
harvesting system, sign boards, bio bins, cleaning staff
6 Auditorium Aerobic composting system, bio gas plant, water
harvesting techniques
7 Slaughter houses Aerobic composting system, bio gas plant
8 Offices Waste bins, water recharging system, solar paneling,
cleaning staff , energy conservation themes, eco tips
9 Bus stand Waste bins, public sanitation facilities, sign boards,
cleaning staff
10 Railway stations Waste bins, public sanitation facilities, sign boards,
cleaning staff
11 Public places Waste bins, public sanitation facilities, sign boards,
cleaning staff
12 Hospitals Incinerators, Waste bins, sign boards, Waste water
treatment plant, solid waste treatment plant, bio gas,
effective micro organism (EM), Solar panels, rain water
harvesting, plastic shredders, sanitation facilities,
cleaning staff
13 Hotels Waste bins, Waste water treatment plant, solid waste
treatment plant, bio gas, effective micro organism (EM),
Solar panels, rain water harvesting, sanitation facilities,
cleaning staff
14 Festival/ public venues Waste bins, public sanitation facilities, sign boards,
cleaning staff
Fig 14: Location Specific Solutions
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Waste specific
Sl. No. Properties Available Technologies
1 Vegetables, food wastes Bio gas, composting, aerobic treatment, bio bins
2 Waste water Waste water treatment equipment/plant, bio gas, coir
pith
3 Plastic bottles Reduce/Recycle/reuse- plastic shredder (collection
centre)
4 Metals Recycle/reuse (collection centre)
5 Toxic and acidic Treatment/concrete slabs
6 E waste Recycle (collection centre)
7 Sewage wastes Sewerage Systems (sewers)
8 Paper, card board Reduce/Recycle/reuse - incinerator( collection centre)
9 Bottles , glass Recycle/reuse (collection centre)
10 Plastic carry bags Reduce
Fig.15: Waste Specific Solutions
Promoting decentralized system of waste management is the core concept of major projects.
While suggesting the same, centralized mechanism for waste management also holds
importance at some occasions. In decentralized approach, the full cost of providing the
collection service to the particular area is borne by the residents of the area. As such, a small
enterprise is established in which residents of the area are requested to participate. The
members of the enterprise are trained in their different duties (from collection to basic book
keeping). In order to keep the investment and operating costs to an affordable level, the
enterprise provides the house-to-house service, while the Municipality is requested to assist
with the transportation of the wastes to the collection centre, especially for
plastic/glassware/toxic wastes.
MLTSU in alliance with service providers will facilitate the process by providing sound
technologies at appropriate places through WLTT.
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8.2.4. Funding Mechanism and Business Models
Funds from State Government, various departments, Central Government, Planning Fund,
national and international funding agencies can be used for getting funds for waste
management in the Municipality area. In addition to this, Public Private Participation (PPP)
mode and privatization of some area can help to reduce financial burden of municipality. In
privatization, the types of privatization most commonly used in solid waste management
include: contracting, franchise, open competition, and vendor/operator equity investment.
The level of cost and degree of difficulty associated with the service provide an opportunity for
participation of the private sector. In general, the private sector potentially can play two key
roles in the field of waste management. One important role is to increase the efficiency of the
service and, thus, reduce the cost in existing waste management systems. The other key role
for the private sector is to provide much needed sources of funds for capital investments. One
of the potential benefits of privatization of the service is the ability to recover the costs of
service through the implementation of user charges. The implementation of user charges, or
the increase of existing charges, generally is an extremely difficult political decision that can
best be managed by allowing the private sector to impose them. Privatization, however, is not
the total solution to the successful provision of solid waste management services. Only a local
government institution having competent and qualified professional staff will be able to
develop, negotiate, manage, monitor, and enforce a contract with a private entity.
The three different types of recycling business models, which can be implemented, are
described below.
1. Conventional Waste/ E-waste Recycling Model
2. Public Private Partnership (PPP) based Waste/ E-waste Business Model
3. Extended Producer Responsibility Based Business Model
I. Conventional Waste/E-waste Recycling Model:
Conventional recycling model is based on recycling of waste purchased by recycler from
generator. The entire model is based on conventional business model, where recycler recovers
money by selling the products. The salient features of existing model are given below:
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Recycler establishes waste recycling facility.
Recycler purchases input raw material from the waste generators.
Recycler recovers money by selling the waste fractions/ final product to smelters.
Recycler has its own collection and transportation system for input raw material.
Recycler finances the entire cost of collection, transportation and recycling through its
own resources or through loans.
Recycler can avail of existing incentives available for industrial promotion offered by
different government agencies. However, the application of these schemes is
dependent on classification of this type of business activity.
II. Public Private Partnership Business Model:
Project on Public Private Partnership (PPP) model is based on a contract or concession
agreement, between a Government or statutory entity on the one side and a private sector
company on the other side, for delivering an infrastructure service on payment of user charges.
Therefore, government participates to mitigate risks in order to promote infrastructure
services. The features of this model are described in terms of definitions, eligibility criteria and
government support as given below.
Definitions
1. Private Sector Company means a company in which 51% or more of the subscribed and
paid up equity is owned and controlled by a private entity.
2. Lead Financial Institution means the financial institution (FI) that is funding the PPP
project, and in case there is a consortium of FIs, the FI designated as such by the
consortium.
3. Total Project Cost means the lower of the total capital cost of the PPP Project:
(a) as estimated by the statutory entity that owns the project,
(b) as sanctioned by the Lead Financial Institution, and
(c) as actually expended;
4. any case including the cost of land incurred by the government/statutory entity;
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5. Viability Gap Funding or Grant under this model means a grant one-time with the
objective of making a project commercially viable.
Eligibility
1. The project shall be implemented i.e. developed, financed, constructed, maintained and
operated for the Project Term by a Private Sector Company to be selected by a statutory
entity through a process of open competitive bidding.
2. The project should provide a service against payment of a predetermined tariff or user
charge.
3. The concerned statutory entity should certify, with reasons;
(i) that the tariff/user charge cannot be increased to eliminate or reduce the
viability gap of the PPP;
(ii) The Project Term cannot be increased for reducing the viability gap; and
(iii) The capital costs are reasonable and based on the standards and
specifications normally applicable to such projects and that the capital costs
cannot be further restricted for reducing the viability gap.
Statutory Support
1. The total Viability Gap Funding under this scheme shall not exceed a certain
percent of the total project cost.
2. Viability Gap Funding under this scheme will normally be in the form of a capital
grant at the stage of project construction.
3. In this model, the recovery of the revenue for the services rendered is dependent
on the user fee, which in case of waste management could be recycling fee, which
may be recovered from the consumer.
III. Extended Product Responsibility Based Business Model
The entire business model is based on “Extended Producer Responsibility” at European Union
(EU), where the producing organizations are responsible for waste take back and treatment.
The business model is an integrated model consisting of waste collection, transportation and
treatment. These guidance features as per EU directive are given below.
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1. Producers are responsible for the costs of picking up waste from collection facilities and
for refurbishing waste products for reuse or for recycling and recovery.
2. When producers put a new product on the market, they must provide a financial
“guarantee” that waste management of the product will be paid for. Producers can get
waiver on this guarantee by participating in a producer responsibility organization
(PRO), paying recycling insurance, or setting up a special bank account for this purpose.
After the pilot level implementation, effectiveness of the project should be evaluated by an
external team and should submit their report to the MLSC. In the light of this report, MLSC can
hold a meeting of stake holders and discuss about the further proceedings. Thus the project can
be implemented in the whole municipality area by cementing the lacunas.
8.3. Phase 3: Greening of City
While thinking about the term ‘green’, a theme comes to our mind- global warming – ‘tree is
the answer’. The concept green undoubtedly proves that planting or sapling in any term is the
key strategy to make our environment green. Obviously, it‘s a lovely term to hear and use and
the gratification received from the fulfillment of green is entirely different from everything. An
ambience with fresh air, clean atmosphere, picturesque location, peaceful environment and
gentle fragrance is a dream of every one. Now the project ‘Clean and Green City Tiruvalla’ take
us to the attainment and acclamation of such a green city.
This greening not only beautifies the environment but also purifies the air because plants have
the ability to absorb carbon dioxide and supply oxygen. This is the reason behind promoting
greening as the answer for global warming. In addition to this, some variety of plants are
pollutants-recipient in nature that absorbs different dust particles and augment purification of
air. Similarly, some varieties are sound absorbing in nature. Hence, a scientific
study/environmental assessment will be undertaken by the authority to identify the key
intervention areas and design as per the findings.
A geographical information system (GIS) study and mapping will be done by the experts and
suggest model design for greening. This environmental assessment and GIS study will come
with an ideal greening design for the city. Some of the ideas are illustrated in the diagram
shown below.
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Fig 16: Green City Concept Tiruvalla
Eco Shops
Green Buildings
Eco Households
Green Gardens Green Roads
Green Schools
Eco Market Eco Park
Green Streets
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla – ‘Go green – say NO to plastic’
Green Streams Eco Office Green Certification
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“I think we have an obligation in our generation and in foreseeable generations, to try to protect every species, because virtually every species that is going extinct now is going extinct due to human activity not because of natural processes”. (R. Noss, 1995)
Implement laws on environment and pollution strictly
Install waste bins for plastics/non degradable wastes at proper places
Use sign boards and guidelines appropriately at suitable places
Provide sufficient urinal facilities in public places and maintain them professionally
Promote eco friendly practices
Ensure sufficient supply of alternatives for plastic carry bags
If possible, complete banning of plastics
Removal of posters and stickers from the compound walls through NREG Program
Prohibit or restrict pasting of posters/banners in public place
Beautification of public places like roads, markets, streets
Promote organic farming
Development of community recreation centers like parks, gardens etc.
Implementation of concepts like eco park, bio park, green school, green office etc.
Maintain public compound walls without private posters and stickers
Award for best green practices
Showcasing environmental conservation themes at public places especially at
compound walls.
Provide guide line for green buildings
Green/Environment certifications
Conversion of dumping yards in to gardens/farms
Conversion of fallow lands in to cultivation lands
Subsidy/grants/financial support for green practices
Ensure private support for greening
Promote sponsorship for different environmental practices and development of
community recreation centers
Installing Green LED Boards as an alternative for Poster/Flex/Bill boards
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8.3.1. Sponsorships – Beautification, Maintenance and Management
As mentioned earlier Participatory Approach is the tool to making the project ubiquitous.
Public Private Partnership (PPP) is one of the strategies to achieve the concept in a participatory
mode. In this back ground beautification, maintenance and management of key areas can be
done by private players.
Normally unanimated places like roads, streams, drains and public places have the tendency to
be polluted or unmanaged. Even if it is maintained by authorities, after a time being it may
become unmanaged and dirty. So the theme of dump yard in to gardens is the guiding force
behind this strategy of sponsorship for beautification, management and maintenance. By
converting major dumping yards and points of disposal in to gardens/recreation centers, the
habit of NIMBY will shift to IMBY. Beautification of road/public places, gardening, creation of
recreation centers/ community parks etc can be done by private agencies, educational
institutions, clubs/associations and other organizations as part of their Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) exercises.
Fig. 17: PPP Model for Greening
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
CSR/SPONSORSHIPS
Greening/beautification Maintenance Management
Roads Streams/Rivers Public Places
Gardens Recreation Centers Markets
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8.3.2. One sapling in one house
Project envisages distributing ten medicinal/herbal plants in each houses of Municipal area
which has unique medicinal value. It envisions propagating the message ‘back to nature’ by
using natural remedies for ordinary things. Thus people can keep doctors away from their
home.
Addition to the saplings, a book let which contains whole details of these medicinal plants like
variety, scientific name, usage etc. will be distributed along with this. This project will be
implemented in association with hospitals, N.G.O’s and other stake holders.
8.3.3. Sun heart – solar Campaign
This is another initiative plans to implement as part of the promotion renewable source of
energy. Houses, shops, government offices and industries will be the focus area. Carbon credit
– most recent subsidy mechanism and Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Projects are the key guidelines
for implementation. Municipal Level Technical Support Team will provide all the support like
subsidy, service providers, installment etc. Thus, noticeable changes are anticipating by shifting
to renewable sources of energy.
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8.4. Proposals
An alternate solution should be suggested before initiating regulations, banning and
restrictions. This means while banning plastic an alternative for plastic should be suggested,
and open littering facilities for littering should be provided. It needs some innovative and
creative ideas and efforts to reinstate our pristine environment, retain our picturesque
ambience and maintain sustainable development. In order to achieve the goal of sustainable
development and waste free society, creation of bio village is mooted. Some ideas to
accomplish the target of Clean and Green City Tiruvalla are added for the preparation of
proposals.
8.4.1. Eco friendly bags - An alternative for plastic
Sacrifice some greed and make some compromises – a creative solution to plastics. Say No to
plastic and use eco friendly products
The initiative intends to encourage eco friendly practices in people through the use of
alternative sources of plastic and reducing its usage. It plans to supply eco friendly cloth &
paper bags by coordinating local production units and benefiting them through advancing
environmental friendly concepts. Along with the production and supply of eco friendly carry
bags in shops it also envisages awareness creation to the community on the hazardous effects
of plastics.
Reduce the consumption of plastic carry bags by ensuring them to adapt eco friendly
alternatives.
Encouraging the supply of eco friendly carry bags instead of plastic carry bags in all
houses and shops through local production units
Develop a system/mechanism for achieving the target of plastic free municipality.
Benefitting the local community along with the promotion of eco friendly practices.
Complete banning of plastic with immediate effect is not at all practical but it is expected to
start with growing awareness among community about the bad effects of plastic and the
promotion of reduction and reuse practices. By supplying eco friendly bags to each household
and persuading them to use it as permanent basis helps achieve this objective in a short span of
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time. Good impetus from LSGs, SHGs, NGOs and effective support from industries are essential
to achieve this target.
Technical support and financial support is the back bone of every project. The authorities must
have to provide proper technical and financial support to the community/SHG. Training
programs must be conducted for the community by the Government or NGOs. They should
also have to provide the latest technologies that help to produce the product in low cost and in
limited time.
As part of the corporate social responsibility task, industries can take proper initiative for the
sponsorship of the production unit and the organizations such as Kudumbasree, and NGOs
must conduct the awareness programs for the community about the advantages of using paper
bags and cloth bags.
Sponsorship
In order to ensure the supply of eco friendly bags at reasonable price, industry can support
through sponsorship, financial support, advertisements, promoting units etc.
Give and take
Paper, including news paper is the major raw material needed for the production of eco
friendly bags. This raw material is largely available in hotels, shops and houses. Industry can
provide news paper/paper to production units and take back as paper bag. It will be in a mutual
beneficial mechanism like waging employees, discounts etc.
8.4.2. Green School
More and more of us are realizing that our future depends on protecting the health and well-
being of our children and the planet. To do so, we must educate new generations of citizens
with the skills to solve the global environmental problems we face. Students have a habit to
retain and replicate than adults. So the schools and colleges can be considered as an effective
medium for awareness and to cultivate ideal habits among them so that they will be the herald
for the good habits. It may trigger a tremendous change in the attitude of people.
In order to make the programme more effective, schools can adapt different activities under
the umbrella of various in-school clubs. School authorities and teachers those who have
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outstanding will power, commitment and confidence can easily accomplish the dream of a
Green School by undertaking different innovative activities. Some activities suggested are:
Formation of eco club, health club, green club, science club etc.
Health survey to assess the awareness and habits of students
Cultural exchange programs
Green Hour to provide awareness, cultivate good habits and develop ideas
Health voting to enhance personal hygiene
Tips of the day in classroom notice boards, school notice boards etc.
Green class competitions
Awards like Mr./Ms. Health/Hygiene, green class room, zero waste class etc.
Water quality assessment, creation of water corners, installation of water harvesting
system, water conservatory methods
Waste auditors scheme to quantify the wastes in class.
Zero waste class room
Development of Bio park (Waste management practices like Composting , plastic
recycling, water recharge, eco friendly products)
Waste management projects as part of field studies and practical oriented programs
Hands on training
Environmental camps
Site visits, tours
Science exhibitions, environmental quiz etc.
Using eco friendly products
Following energy conservation practices
Installation of environmental themes in the campus
Conduct awareness programs, seminars, drama
Planting trees
Observe dry day, environmental days etc.
School gardens, Herbal garden etc.
Research projects
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Poster, essay, painting competitions
Eco greeting cards
Organic farming
Class room exercises
Development of model waste management mechanism in the school.
Concerned departments shall provide adequate facilities like infrastructure, sanitation, mid day
meal, recreation facilities etc. School management, PTA, Staff and teachers etc. can contribute
towards this effort.
8.4.3. Knowledge Centre (MACFAST R&D Wing)
Along with the development and implementation of model Clean and Green City project,
MACFAST can develop a knowledge centre for waste management. The Research and
Development wing at the bio campus of MACFAST will provide all the technical as well as
modern technologies on waste management. The successful creation of Clean and Green
Campus, Bio plastic, Effective micro organisms, Herbal farms, bio innovations, consultancy
services etc. give much hope for the accomplishment of a knowledge centre at MACFAST
Campus. MACFAST also has a core and strong team of experts, academicians, practitioners,
technical support unit and service providers. In the wake of waste management as a core
subject and a serious issue of concern, shortage of courses on waste management and experts
on the same are playing as villains. At the same time governments as well as LSGs spend crores
of rupees without proper planning on other initiatives. Thus, we need more practitioners with
sufficient theoretical back ground on waste management to handle it at field level and at each
LSG and this is obviously the need of this hour. MACFAST can offer courses on waste
management with effective practical orientation programs. In addition to this MACFAST R & D
can provide consultancy services on various subjects like geo informatics, waste water
management, municipal waste management, water shed management, environment reports,
environment impact assessment, environmental auditing and environmental sustainable
reports, feasibility studies, project monitoring and evaluation, solid waste management,
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preparation of business plans and models, e- waste handling, technical support, project
coordination and implementation, providing technology etc.
A collection of books, magazines, information leaflets, booklets, teaching kits and other
publications produced by government departments, local and overseas green groups,
community groups and other organizations on various environmental topics will be made
available here. Local and overseas environmental journals and press clippings in different
categories will also be made available. Access to environmental information through the
Internet will also be provided. CD-ROMs on various environmental and conservation issues will
be made available to the visitors. Provision of a television set for videos, sound-slide
programmes, laser discs and VCD’s will also be made available.
Technical Support Cell: This cell will provide technical support to the various environmental
initiatives (such as composting, Vermi-composting, Bio-Methanation plants, recycling activities
etc.) that are going on in the city and will also encourage more such initiatives.
8.4.4. Eco Office
The concept eco office aims at adopting 100% eco-friendly practices in all the offices in
Municipality area which mainly targets at the reduction in the use of energy, paper and water.
It also aims at improving the aesthetic appeal and air quality of office spaces by placing indoor
plants and avoiding the use of plastics wherever possible. Eco office envisages persuading the
entire offices to be 100% Eco-Friendly by the end of December 2011. To enhance this process,
every office shall depute an eco-office coordinator and use posters, desktop wallpapers and
e-flyers that may be used to spread the message of Environment Responsibility among the
employees.
An Eco friendly practice does not necessarily mean huge investments but it is indeed an
important and responsible business practice. A study of companies and pollution prevention
showed that companies that had been environmentally proactive had a 4% higher rate of
return on investment, a 9% higher sales growth, and nearly a 17% higher operating income
growth.
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Here are some tips/guidelines to develop an eco office. Innovators can add their creative ideas
to make their office eco friendly.
Energy Saving Tips
Switching off lights and fans when ever and where ever it is not necessary.
Use fans along with air conditioners – it cools better and faster
Buy a multifunction machine – fax, copier, scanner and printer in one
Choose a printer with a double sided print capability
Simply turn off the computers and copiers when not required – it reduces energy use by
65 to 75%.
Paper Saving and Office Tips:
Use both sides of the paper for printing or photocopying
Reuse envelopes, bags and mailers
Use e-mail or internal faxes
Avoid using cover sheets for faxes
Share periodicals with associates
Use rewriteable CD’s
Use mechanical pencils and refillable pens
8.4.5. Bio park
Bio Park consists of herbal garden which exhibits local plants, herbals, medicinal plants etc.
along with proper documentation. It also demonstrates different traditional as well as modern
mechanisms for waste management like bio gas plant, vermin compost unit, bacterial
consortium, effective micro organism, aerobic and anaerobic process, cultiverter etc. Water
recharging unit, organic farming, ornamental flowers farm etc. will be the attraction of this bio
park. In addition to these facilities a ‘green shop’ in connection with the bio park will supply
organic products, seeds, medicinal and ornamental plants etc. This will be an ideal model to
promulgate the concept of effective utilization of resources.
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8.4.6. Eco Park
Eco Park aims to promote eco friendly practices by demonstrating different energy
conservation and environmental friendly systems. Along with this, the Eco Park will be provided
with different models, equipments and technologies for waste management. It will promote
the idea of reuse, recovery and recycling of waste resources and returning them to the
consumption loop. The recycling unit in connection with the Eco Park will help to realize the full
potential of recyclable materials recovered from Municipal wastes. An eco shop in the Eco park
make the concept ‘zero waste’ come true by showcasing and selling different value added
products, handicrafts, paintings, paper bag, pots, mats etc. which are produced from waste and
natural resources.
There will be a separate section devoted to waste crafts, which will exhibit crafts and art pieces
developed from the waste. The items displayed in this section will be contributed from various
competitions at different levels (schools, colleges, housing communities, etc.) which will be
conducted with support from other organizations and stake holders. These competitions will
help to encourage this type of art and make the people aware about the importance of waste
utilization and reduction. Apart from these competitions, independent contributions will also
be allowed. Also the art pieces displayed in this section will be available for sale and will help in
generating funds.
There will be a separate section for the industries to facilitate show-casing of environmentally
sound technologies, products, initiatives to achieve waste minimization, cleaner production
technologies etc. The industries will be charged for the space they will be provided. This will
help to enhance the financial sustainability of the Eco Park. The section will attract the
industries as it will help them in marketing their product or brand and also enhance their image
in the eyes of the people.
Leaflets and publications from the Government, Environmental Committees, green groups and
other related organizations will be made available here. Also, there will be information
regarding the activities of the Eco Park in the previous month and also for the coming month.
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Public Relations Cell: This cell will be responsible for interacting with different organizations
and stakeholders and thus will keep the Eco Park informed about their needs, and accordingly,
scheduling of various activities could be done. In short, this cell will act as an interface between
the various stakeholders in the city and the Eco Park.
8.4.7. Eco Household
An extension to the homestead ,eco household uses traditional designs and building materials
in construction. It also follows different energy conservation practices and energy saving
equipments in house holds. The kitchen garden/homestead farms are effectively utilizing
organic fertilizers which are produced from the bio gas or composting system. Use of
renewable resources of energy such as solar power or non-polluting sources of energy,
developing energy saving messages in all guest rooms, transport mechanism using
non polluting sources of energy, using eco friendly products, growing organic farms, herbal
farms, ornamental flowers etc are some of the ideal practices in an eco house hold.
8.4.8. Green Certification
Green Certification intends to certify/ classify different units like hotels, shops, offices, houses
on the basis of certain specific environmental standards. Criteria, guidelines and scoring pattern
will be prepared and distributed among the partnering members and stake holders. A separate
panel will be constituted for taking care of the certification under MLSC. Based on the
recommendations of the panel and through a community voting system, MLSC will award
certificates, awards and subsidies for the units. It not only improves the image of units but also
spreads effective environmental strategies.
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9. Man Power
Sl. No.
Designation Number
1 Program Officer 1
2 Coordinators 4
3 Documentation Expert 1
4 PR Officer 1
5 Accountant 1
6 DTP Operator 1
7 Technical Assistant 1
8 Supporting staffs 4
TOTAL 14
10. Financials
Clean and Green City Tiruvalla - Financial Plan (3 Years)
Sl. No
Particulars Required Number
Estimated Cost(Rs.)
Total (Rs.)
1 Awareness and Capacity Building
A Work shops
1 Ward level 117 5000 585000
2 School Teachers 90 3500 315000
3 Students 90 3000 270000
4 Business/shop runners 10 3500 35000
5 Consultation Workshops 10 10000 100000
B Training
1 Ward level for Organic farming
117 3500 409500
2 Micro enterprises Training 117 5000 585000
C Preparation of Training Module
10 5000 50000
D Hand Book 60000 16 960000
E Committie Meetings 15 2000 30000
F Other Meetings 25 5000 125000
TOTAL 3464500
2 Studies and Surveys 12 75000 900000
3 Staff Expenditure
Program Officer 1 25000 25000
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Coordinators 4 20000 80000
Documentation Expert 1 20000 20000
PR Officer 1 20000 20000
Accountant 1 15000 15000
DTP Operator 1 5000 5000
Technical Assistant 1 8000 8000
Supporting staffs 4 7000 28000
TOTAL 14 120000 201000
Expenditure for 3 years 36 124000 4464000
4 Infrastructure
CGC cum Eco shop
Furnishing 1 200000 200000
Furniture 1 100000 100000
Stationery 1 150000 150000
Maintenance 1 750000 750000
Miscellaneous 1 150000 150000
Power, Communication etc. 36 3000 108000
Rent 36 10000 360000
TOTAL 1818000
5 Printing Charges 1 375000 375000
6 Communication Charges 1 150000 150000
7 Transportation 1 450000 450000
8 Food and Accomodations 1 400000 400000
9 Documentation 1 500000 500000
10 Greening Services 1 500000 500000
TOTAL 2375000
TOTAL 13021500
Coordination Charge (20%) 2604300
GRAND TOTAL 15625800
One crore fifty six lakhs twenty five thousand and eight hundred only
N:B - inclusive of all taxes, cost of technology installation excluded.
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11. Action plan for Year 1
Action plan for the first year is shown below.
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12. Conclusion
The project Clean and Green City Tiruvalla, a new step initiated by MACFAST and the
community radio Radio MACFAST 90.4 envisages a paradigm shift in the attitude of community,
authorities and stake holders towards environmental management- a dream which will be
realised soon by going ahead step by step. Perseverance, commitment, determination and
optimistic approach are the guiding forces which will catalyze the footsteps. Notwithstanding
these concrete efforts, support from all stake holders will facilitate this participatory approach.
While remembering all these facts, it’s an issue of individual as well as social responsibility,
issue of survival of our generation and the people yet to come. Or in other words, “The Face of
the Other makes me Responsible”. A solution which is least disturbing to the community and
focusing on recovery centric technique undoubtedly gets support from all corners. And it can be
solved if everyone deliver their duties, exercise their rights and contribute their roles. The
objective Clean and Green City project is a plausible one and not a very far dream with
everyone putting in their dedicated efforts and facilitated by the techno savvy world with
effective strategies.
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Annexure
A. Plastic Collection and disposal Mechanism of Non – bio degradable wastes for Clean
and Green Tiruvalla
Managing plastic becomes a serious issue these days due to lack of a systematic plan and
mechanism to dispose plastic wastes and other non – bio degradable wastes. In addition to this,
segregation of wastes in to degradable and bio degradable through centralized system is now
becomes completely unscientific and a cumbersome effort. But the issue of be plastic wastes
handling here is more ease because of the newly installed plastic shredder at Thukallassery, if
we plan and implement this mechanism for handling non – bio degradable wastes properly. The
concept ‘waste is wealth’ can be apparently proved by setting up a new mechanism for non bio
degradable wastes and by ensuring its implementation highly systematic. Hence, all sorts of
non – bio degradable wastes can collect and mange through this sustained mechanism.
Mechanism
Mechanism suggests here can be implemented through Municipality with the help of
Kudumbsree and NGO’s. Managed and controlled by Municipality, Kudumbsree/NGO’s can
collect non – bio degradable waste from houses, shops and different units. A trolley partitioned
in to different sections shall use for collecting non – bio degradable wastes. Thus segregated
collection like plastic bottles, cardboards, papers, cotton, tubes etc. can be operated very
systematically. This service shall arrange twice in a week in town area and can be arranged once
in week in other places depending up on the amount of waste generation. This date shall
announce earlier through notice, newspaper and radio. The existing scenario can be analyzed
through a survey in shops at the town so that it will help to know the amount of waste
generation and feed backs of shop owners. Other than town area, a collection centre can fix
and non – biodegradable wastes can collect through this centre. The date and time of collection
shall be informed earlier through different medium.
Collection centre
Collection centre/store shall be installed in each ward for ensuring its flexible operation. The
collected non – bio degradable wastes shall segregate properly at this centre and can be
transported to the end users. Collected materials are required to clean properly as per the
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norms and conditions of buyers. This center should also work as the collection centre for all non
– bio degradable wastes.
Management
Municipality shall be the sole authority to manage and control this mechanism. A team under
Municipal Health Inspector and Supervisor shall be constituted which includes Green
Volunteers (Cleaning Workers). Proper uniforms, identity cards and badges shall be provided
for workers. Utmost focus should be on management and training regarding operation, conduct
and behavior of green volunteers.
The amount earned through this shall distribute among green volunteers addition to the
incentives provided by the Municipality. This shall be managed and controlled by the
committee of Green Volunteers.
Named by ‘Plastic Friends’, schools and institutions can sell their plastic materials and bottles
through a collection center, which is installed at individual levels.
Units and Non – bio degradable wastes
(plastic, card board, paper, cotton, metals
etc.)
Green Volunteers and Trolley
Collection centre
Cleaning and segregation
Transportation to end users
Green Volunteer Committee
Mechanism for non – bio degradable waste management
Media Date of
Collection
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Conclusion
The mechanism suggests here envisaged to find a solution to the menace of plastic waste. The
concept gives thrust on ‘waste as resources’ by implementing a sustainable mechanism for non
– bio degradable waste management. While moving towards this mechanism, the most
important thing that should remember is ‘In My Backyard’ Habit (IMBY) for bio degradable
wastes. In order to achieve the concept ‘Disposal at the source itself’, Municipality shall take
action to wind up the existing mechanism of collecting bio degradable wastes. Instead of
collecting bio degradable waste, Municipality can provide support for setting household
waste management equipments (bio bins, bio gas plants, pots etc.). Though, the issue of bio
degradable waste can solve gradually.
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B. Green School:
“Let every individual and institution now think and act as a responsible trustee of Earth ,seeking
choices in ecology ,economics and ethics that will provide a sustainable future ,eliminate
pollution ,poverty and violence ,awaken the wonder of life and foster peaceful progress in the
human adventure”
John McConnel,Founder of International Earth day
Our children should learn sustainability by living it, every day at school, so that when they leave
school these ideas will have become a part of the way and life. They will think more about life
and approach it. They will take these ideas home and into the workplace when they graduate.
Over time, the majority of young adults will have had this exposure, and sustainable living will
become a part of the culture. The Green Schools concept has been taking root in many
countries. The first phase of Clean and Green Thiruvalla is towards this is to bring together
head of the institutions ,teachers from all the school to explore the feasibility, interest and
direction for a Green School. This will ensure the participants to share their experiences with
implementing environmental programmes. This program is very relevant in today’s scenario
and it is essential to put such a programme in place because of the currents trends towards the
degradation of natural resources.
Objectives:
Ecological Literacy: To develop, in each student, a comprehensive understanding of the
basic patterns and processes by which nature sustains life and how these core ecological
concepts relate in developing sustainable human community. In order to develop this
among the students, the teaches should be concerned about it.
Learning by Living with nature: this is all about how core ecological concepts can be
applied to create sustainable human communities.
Environmental Ethic: To develop an environmental ethic in all members of the Green
school community.
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Contributing to Society: To fulfill the School’s commitment to be a model school with a
Social purpose through research, publications and outreach in the areas of outdoor and
environmental education, environmental monitoring, and sustainability.
This will help the school to come up with a comprehensive strategic action plan for the
second phase which will be conducted with students. This will be based on site visits to
participating schools to determine what types of activities are feasible with each
schools,. Other needs, such as overall coordination, support, capacity building of the
entire school staff. Thus the overall program will be initiated.
Methodology
In our first phase we are planning to conduct a meeting with the heads of the school and this
will be facilitated by the municipality. After this meeting there will be school level meetings
which should be facilitated by the head of the institution. The school level meeting, will give
and insight on the current status of the school in all the aspects. The teachers can do an
evaluation of the environmental consciousness among them and the students. Then we move
to the students who are the key players. We must educate the new generation with the variety
Principals Meeting – Municipality (to introduce
about Green School)
School Level Meeting for teachers
Formation or Revival of Green Club
Seminar for Students
Submission of Green School Master Plan
Orientation Program for Students
Monitoring, Evaluation and Awarding
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of skills in respecting and accepting the nature and its essence. Awareness classes are the
matter of primary importance. The new generation children have the capacity to guide and
teach the old generation .Once we cultivate good habits, thoughts and practices in there mind
it will last forever.
In Phase 2, the strategic and action plans will be implemented with the combined participation
of students and teachers. The teachers are the facilitators, who have to guide the children and
all the other staff. After the initial meeting with the teachers, they will be able to locate there
resources, issues and proper plans for a sustainable implemenation. Once the Green School
concept is achieved we can promote a networking of Green School so that it can be
transformed into a mass movement.
Green Hour
Along with the awareness classes they will be asked to identify the resources in there campus.
Our team can give them ideas on how they can use their resources in its full essence. Allowing
them to be with nature.Promoting classes on outdoor, hence they can feel the beauty of the
nature. Green hour is another thing that can be practiced in schools as a part of environmental
awareness. One hour of a week can be contributed for healthy discussions on various topics
form environmental management to personal hygiene topics. The one hour on each week can
be devoted to different subjects starting with a 20 minute presentation on a particular topic
forwarding for brainstorming ,discussion and conclusion. The last part of the green hour is how
to implement the ideas that they have derived after the discussion.This one hour discussion
makes a platform for budding new ideas and practices.The students can also form nature club
or green club along with this.Activities that can be promoted in nature club are
Formation of eco club, health club, green club, science club etc.
Health survey to assess the awareness and habits of students
Cultural exchange programs
Green Hour to provide awareness, cultivate good habits and develop ideas
Health voting to enhance personal hygiene
Tips of the day in classroom notice boards, school notice boards etc.
Green class competitions
Awards like Mr. /Ms. Health/Hygiene, green class room, zero waste class etc.
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Water quality assessment, creation of water corners, installation of water harvesting
system, water conservatory methods
Waste auditors scheme to quantify the wastes in class.
Zero waste class room
Development of Bio Park (Waste management practices like Composting, plastic
recycling, water recharge, eco friendly products)
Waste management projects as part of field studies and practical oriented programs
Waste management projects as part of field studies and practical oriented programs
Hands on training
Environmental camps
Site visits, tours
Science exhibitions, environmental quiz etc.
Using eco friendly products
Following energy conservation practices
Installation of environmental themes in the campus
Conduct awareness programs, seminars, drama
Planting trees ,medicinal plants
Observe dry day, environmental days etc.
School gardens, Herbal garden etc.
Research projects
Poster, essay, painting competitions
Eco greeting cards
Organic farming
Class room exercises
Development of model waste management mechanism in the school
School management, PTA and other staffs can contribute to this effort.
It is our students are the citizens of tomorrow. Give thrust on making awareness to children
and develop a green future.
………………………………
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C. Plastic Kutukar (Plastic Friends)
Even though plastic causes damage to earth it is now a part of our life due to its wide usage. But
it still rises as a threat to the environment because of its unscientific disposal and management.
Plastics are a subspecies of a class of materials known as polymer. Plastic got its name from its
property, its ability to be shaped in almost all forms. Due to its low cost, light weight and
desirable properties, it has gained wide acceptance from the people, which has replaced metals
and glass items. So in the path towards a plastic free world, we need to intervene gradually
with strategic efforts. Individuals should make conscious effort to change our daily routine to
save our mother earth.
In this back ground Clean and Green Tiruvalla is joining hands with the educational Institutions
and NGO’s to achieve the dream plastic free world. Named as ‘Plastic Kutukar’ (Plastic Friends),
it envisages to collect plastics from school and other units and thereby propagate the message
‘waste is wealth’. Hence, let’s ensure our streets and road are plastic free. The collected plastic
can move to the processing centers. Thus the process becomes completely scientific and
manageable. While encapsulating, it aims to proclaim the message – “Nothing is waste. But all
are resources and it depends on our attitude and action towards it.” It persuades people to
don’t throw plastic in to open areas, handover it to correct persons - earn money and save our
earth.
The main idea of ‘Plastic Kutukar’ program is to make people think that with the enormous
amount of plastic we can create income. Apart form discouraging the use of plastics, Wecan
spread this message by do something for the existing plastics material which lying on the
streets and our homes. This project ‘Plastic Kutukar’ is aiming to clear the plastic wastes in an
around our places. Students will be asked to get plastic kits and bottles form there home and
the streets. In every school, there shall be plastic Collection Center where all the plastics are
being collected. Students would collect plastic items from their localities and the students will
be deservingly rewarded according to its amount. Committees should be formed including all
staffs and student representatives for the collection of plastic. The students will be asked to get
it cleaned and dry when they bring it to the school. The different types of kits and bottles
should be collected and stored separately. When it reached a sufficient about it can be moved
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to Modern Plastic. This Shredded plastic is used for recycling, exporting and it’s also used for
road tarring.
The committees at the school which will lead by students can maintain a book which keeps the
quantity, amount, and specification of collected plastic materials. This shall enter at the time of
receiving plastic materials at the collection centre.
In addition to this, students can visit and learn the process of recycling of plastics from Modern
Plastics. Committee can find innovative uses of plastics by developing walls, tanks and other
materials in their school compounds. It will help to generate the awareness of resources.
Students can sell their news papers, used books and cardboards through this center.
Municipality shall offer award to best performing schools and schools can offer prices to best
performing students, classes etc. Apart from this Municipal authorities can provide incentives
to schools for promoting this program. Radio MACFAST 90.4 will stretch its hand to ensure wide
publicity of ‘Plastic Kutukar’.
……………………………………..
Collection
Cleaning
Weighing and Entering
Segaragation
Transport to Processing Unit
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D. Some Mechanisms for Waste Disposal
Plastic Shreddar:
Plastic has become a menace to our world. They are non-Biogradable.
The virtually indestructible plastic bag has become the bane of poor
developing countries like India where governments battling on many
fronts have let the menace of polybags grow.India's towns and cities are
littered with polybags. They float on busy roads and wave like prayer
flags from tree tops. Waste dumped in plastic bags on the street for
collection often ends upin the stomach of foraging cattle.Its widely seen that the plastic is
burned or Incinnerated.But we are not concerned that again our earth is getting polluted
because of this.While buring plactic Dioxine ,a poisonous gas will be produced which is the
reason for serious diseases. As the part of the project a plastic Shreddar had been installed in
the locality of Thiruvalla where the plactic will be crushed into small particles.Its the Modern
Industires. ofThiruvalla who had joined hands with Clean and Green City Project.Well cleaned
plastice kits and bottles can be crushed into small particles and it can be used in the recycling
industry which is booming in the current Scenario.This can also be used as a mixture for road
taring
Bio gas Plant
Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion or fermentation of biodegradable materials such as
biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material and energy crops. This
type of biogas comprises primarily methane and carbon dioxide. Other types of gas generated
by use of biomass are wood gas, which is created by gasification of wood or other biomass. This
type of gas consists primarily of nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, with trace amounts
of methane. Biogas can be used as a low-cost fuel in any country for any heating purpose, such
as cooking..Through the process of Biomethanization biogradable materials can be transformed
into biogas and natural manure. Biogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological
breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It can also be used in modern waste
management facilities which can be effectively used in hotels,housleholds,firms etc.
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Construction of a biogas plant may vary depending on the amount of gas needed, the amount
of waste at hand, and whether the digester is designed for batch feeding or continuous feeding.
Batch feeding systems use mostly solid wastes that are added to the tank in installments, and
continuous feeding models feed mostly liquids to the digester. A biogas plant may be
constructed either above or below ground, with advantages and disadvantages to both models.
An above ground biogas plant is easier to maintain and benefits from solar heating, but takes
more care in construction because it must be built to handle the internal pressure of the
digester. A below ground biogas plant is cheaper to construct and easier to feed, but is more
difficult to maintain.
There are two types of biogas plants – one is portable and another one is fixed.Portable plant
consist of ready made parts which is assembled at the customers place.
Mixing tank: The feed material (biogradable waste like animal excreation,food partilcles
,kitchen wasted) is collected in the mixing tank. Sufficient water is added and the
material is thoroughly mixed till homogeneous slurry is formed.
Inlet pipe: The substrate is discharged into the digester through the inlet pipe/tank.
Digester: The slurry is fermented inside the digester and biogas is produced through
bacterial action.
Gas holder or gas storage dome: The biogas gets collected in the gas holder, which holds
the gas until the time of consumption.
Outlet pipe: The digested slurry is discharged into the outlet tank either through the
outlet pipe or the opening provided in the digester.
Gas Pipeline: The gas pipeline carries the gas to the point of utilization such as a stove or
lamp.
Biogas digested slurry
The use of biogas digested slurry as organic manure can supplement the usage of chemical
fertilizers. The effluent manure does not produce any odour and hence does not create any
pollution. The biogas slurry is rich in nitrogen, the essential nutrient for plant growth.
Moreover, this nitrogen is in water-soluble form and can be easily absorbed by the plants.
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The biogas slurry can also be mixed with biomass and composted. The slurry being full of
bacteria (which can break down vegetable matter) makes excellent composting material. When
a large mass of biomass waste with high carbon: nitrogen ratio is available, the slurry helps
stimulate decomposition by acting as a nitrogen primer. Earthworms could either be cultured in
dry sludge or in a compost pit
Don’t do:
Things like metal ,plastic, plantain leaf, paper, hot food items, skin of orange, soap, bones, birds
feathers etc are not used in bio-gas plants.
Vermicomposting
Vermicomposting uses earthworms to turn organic wastes into very high quality compost. This
is probably the best way of composting kitchen wastes. Adding small amounts of wet kitchen
scraps to a large compost pile in the garden day by day can disrupt the decomposition process
so that the compost is never really done. But it works just fine with vermicomposting.
Many gardeners use vermicomposting systems for all their garden and kitchen wastes, many
more use both types of composting, and thousands of households without gardens use neat
and unobtrusive worm boxes indoors to compost their kitchen scraps (as well as newspapers
and cardboard boxes), reducing their garbage by up to a third and providing their own organic
soil for pot plants and container gardens on balconies and roofs to grow their own healthy
food.
Energy Saving Equipments:
Solar panel& carbon Credit:
A solar panel (photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a packaged interconnected
assembly of solar cells, also known as photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a
component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial
and residential applications. Because a single solar panel can only produce a limited amount of
power, many installations contain several panels. This is known as a photovoltaic array. A
photovoltaic installation typically includes an array of solar panels, an inverter, batteries and
interconnection wiring. By installing these solar panels we can save enormous amount energy
in our households and institutions. More over by using the solar cell we can it and night too so
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that we can reduce our electricity bills. Though this technology is quiet expensive, half of the
amount can be obtained through Central Government Subsidy. The government is also
providing grants for the people or institutions who are involved in this activity. This process is
known as Carbon Credit. The excess produced energy can be given to the electricity board
through Grid and earn money.
According to Real Climate, a climate science information website, Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in
the earth's atmosphere are 30 percent higher in 2010 than at anytime in the last 650,000 years.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, states in its Fourth Assessment Report,
released in 2007, that these increased CO2 levels are due to industrial activity by human beings
and have lead to dramatic changes in the earth's climate. Because so much human interest is
vested in these industrial activities, political leaders have attempted to use free market
strategies, such as the buying and selling of carbon credits, to ease the transition from a CO2
polluting industrial economy to one based on renewable energy, such as solar.
One carbon credit is equal to one metric ton of CO2 pollution These credits can be sold from
companies that use or produce renewable energy to companies that emit higher levels of CO2,
thereby offsetting CO2 pollution with the purchase of a solar or other renewable energy credit.
The added expense of purchasing carbon credits to offset CO2 pollution would theoretically
encourage businesses to convert operations to renewable energies, such as solar power.
Anyone who is striving to save energy can earn money for it. Just submit information from your
utility bill to establish baseline energy consumption, and then you'll get paid by the ton for any
carbon you would have produced under baseline conditions. Household, industries and
institutions can take part in this initiative. So by solar panels we can get Carbon Credit.
Water Harvesting:
By increasing the ground water level we can help ourselves from the existing water scarcity.
The basic principle of Rain water harvesting is catch water wherever it falls so that we can
extend the fruits of monsoon. Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing, of
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rainwater for reuse, before it reaches the aquifer. It has been used to provide drinking water,
water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as other typical uses given to water. Rainwater
collected from the roofs of houses, tents and local institutions can make an important
contribution to the availability of drinking water. Overflow from rainwater harvesting tank
systems can be used to refill aquifers in a process called groundwater recharge, though this is a
related process, it must not be confused with Rainwater harvesting
Water harvesting can be undertaken through a variety of ways
Capturing runoff from rooftops
Capturing runoff from local catchments
Capturing seasonal floodwaters from local streams
Conserving water through watershed management
These techniques can serve the following the following purposes:
Provide drinking water
Provide irrigation water
Increase groundwater recharge
Reduce storm water discharges, urban floods and overloading of sewage treatment
plants
Reduce seawater ingress in coastal areas.
There are two types of water harvesting .One is the house hold and the other for the
commercial purpose. Both of these systems are known under the term water harvesters and
require only a limited amount of knowledge to set up (if basic systems are used). In both cases,
the system consists of a storage tank to store the water and piping (to guide the water in).
Additionally, extra pressuring equipment as pressure vessels, inline pump
controllers or pressure sensitive pumps may also be required. Finally, water purifying
equipment as water-purifying plants, UV-lights or distillation equipment are sometimes
(depending on local conditions ) added to purify the collected water. The system is then called
a Greywater treatment system.
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Rural scenario
Community based rainwater harvesting in rural areas of India - the paradigm of the past - has in
it as much strength today as it ever did before. It is, in fact, only with this rudimentary
technology that people are able to survive in water scarce areas. Recognising this fact, our
ancestors had learnt to harvest water in number of ways:
They harvested the rain drop directly. From rooftops, they collected water and stored it
in tanks built in their courtyards. From open community lands, they collected the rain
and stored it in artificial wells.
They harvested monsoon runoff by capturing water from swollen streams during the
monsoon season and stored it various forms of water bodies.
They harvested water from flooded rivers
Assuming that the average Indian population of an Indian village in November 2000 is
approximately 1200. India's average rainfall is about 1170 mm. If even only half this water can
be captured, though with technology this can be greatly increased, an average Indian village
needs 1.12 hectares of land to capture 6.57 million litres of water it will use in a year for
cooking and drinking. If there is a drought and rainfall levels dip to half the normal, the land
required would rise to a mere 2.24 hectares. The amount of land needed to meet the drinking
water needs of an average village will vary from 0.10 hectares in Arunachal Pradesh (average
population 236) where villages are small and rainfall high to 8.46 hectares in Delhi where
villages are big (average population 4769) and rainfall is low. In Rajasthan, the land required will
vary from 1.68-3.64 hectares in different meterological regions and, in Gujarat, it will vary from
1.72-3.30 hectares. And of course any more water the villagers catch can go for irrigation.
Does this sound like an impossible task? Is there any village that does not have this land
availability? India's total land area is over 300 million hectares. Let us assume that India's
587,000 villages can harvest the runoff from 200 million hectares of land, excluding inaccessible
forest areas, high mountains and other uninhabited terrains, that still gives every village on
average access to 340 hectares or a rainfall endowment of 3.75 billion litres of water. These
calculations show the potential of rainwater harvesting is enormous and undeniable.
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Incinerators:
Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment
systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the
waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the
waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue
gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into
the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to
generate electric power. An incinerator is a furnace for burning waste. Modern incinerators
include pollution mitigation equipment such as flue gas cleaning
The typical incineration plant for municipal solid waste is a moving grate incinerator. The
moving grate enables the movement of waste through the combustion chamber to be
optimised to allow a more efficient and complete combustion. A single moving grate boiler can
handle up to 35 metric tons (39 short tons) of waste per hour, and can operate 8,000 hours per
year with only one scheduled stop for inspection and maintenance of about one month's
duration. Moving grate incinerators are sometimes referred to as Municipal Solid Waste
Incinerators (MSWIs).
The waste is introduced by a waste crane through the "throat" at one end of the grate, from
where it moves down over the descending grate to the ash pit in the other end. Here the ash is
removed through a water lock.
Municipal solid waste in the furnace of a moving grate incinerator capable of handling
15 metric tons (17 short tons) of waste per hour. The holes in the grate elements supplying the
primary combustion air are visible.
Part of the combustion air (primary combustion air) is supplied through the grate from below.
This air flow also has the purpose of cooling the grate itself. Cooling is important for the
mechanical strength of the grate, and many moving grates are also water cooled internally.
Secondary combustion air is supplied into the boiler at high speed through nozzles over the
grate. It facilitates complete combustion of the flue gases by introducing turbulence for better
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mixing and by ensuring a surplus of oxygen. In multiple/stepped hearth incinerators, the
secondary combustion air is introduced in a separate chamber downstream the primary
combustion chamber.
Fixed grate
The older and simpler kind of incinerator was a brick-lined cell with a fixed metal grate over a
lower ash pit, with one opening in the top or side for loading and another opening in the side
for removing incombustible solids called clinkers. Many small incinerators formerly found in
apartment houses have now been replaced by waste compactors.
Rotary-kiln
The rotary-kiln incinerator is used by municipalities and by large industrial plants. This design of
incinerator has 2 chambers: a primary chamber and secondary chamber. The primary chamber
in a rotary kiln incinerator consist of an inclined refractory lined cylindrical tube. Movement of
the cylinder on its axis facilitates movement of waste. In the primary chamber, there is
conversion of solid fraction to gases, through volatilization, destructive distillation and partial
combustion reactions. The secondary chamber is necessary to complete gas phase combustion
reactions.
The clinkers spill out at the end of the cylinder. A tall , fan, or steam jet supplies the
needed draft. Ash drops through the grate, but many particles are carried along with the hot
gases. The particles and any combustible gases may be combusted in an "afterburner".
Fluidized bed
A strong airflow is forced through a sandbed. The air seeps through the sand until a point is
reached where the sand particles separate to let the air through and mixing and churning
occurs, thus a fluidised bed is created and fuel and waste can now be introduced.
The sand with the pre-treated waste and/or fuel is kept suspended on pumped air currents and
takes on a fluid-like character. The bed is thereby violently mixed and agitated keeping small
inert particles and air in a fluid-like state. This allows all of the mass of waste, fuel and sand to
be fully circulated through the furnace.
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Specialized incineration
Furniture factory sawdust incinerators need much attention as these have to handle resin
powder and many flammable substances. Controlled combustion, burn back prevention
systems are essential as dust when suspended resembles the fire catch phenomenon of any
liquid petroleum gas.
Use of heat
The heat produced by an incinerator can be used to generate steam which may then be used to
drive a turbine in order to produce electricity. The typical amount of net energy that can be
produced per tonne municipal waste is about 2/3 MWh of electricity and 2 MWh of district
heating. Thus, incinerating about 600 metric tons (660 short tons) per day of waste will produce
about 400 MWh of electrical energy per day (17 MW of electrical power continuously for 24
hours) and 1200 MWh of district heating energy each day.
Incineration has a number of outputs such as the ash and the emission to the atmosphere
of flue gas. Before the flue gas cleaning system, the flue gases may contain significant amounts
of particulate matter, heavy metals, dioxins, furans, sulfur dioxide, and hydrochloric acid.
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E. Service providers of Clean Kerala Mission
Sl.No. Agency / CompanyName &
Address
Expertise
1. Kerala Agro Industries
Corporation Ltd,
Kissan Jyothi,Fort,
Thiruvananthapuram-695023
Ph: 0471-2471343,44, 45
Construction of institutional and
community level vermi
composting, windrow
composting and biogas plants.
2. SNEHA (Society for Nature
Environment and Human
Ascension)
Reg.No.A 311/02,
Poovathil Building
Thurvaoor P.O
Alappuzha – 688 532
Construction of household and
institutional level vermi
composting and biogas plants.
3. Co-ordination for Rural
Development and Technology
Foundation (Cor Foundation)
Post Box No.28
Adoor P.O.
Pathanamthitta-691 523
Ph: 9447908337
Construction of institutional and
community level vermi
composting and biogas plants.
4. Tehno Group
Waste Management Engineering
Consultants
Kalyan Appartments, VII/310
Palace Road
Construction of institutional and
community level biogas plants
(excluding WASTEPRO machine).
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Aluva-683 101
5. Jyothi Biogas & Rural Social
Service Centre
Chemboor,
Reg.No.T 1050/99
Ottasekharamangalam P.O.
Thiruvananthapuram – 695 126
Ph:No.0471-2255590
Construction of institutional and
community level biogas plants.
6. Biotech
P.B.No. 520
MP Appan Road
Vazhuthacaud
Thycaud P.O.
Thiruvananthapuram – 695 014
Ph: 0471-2321909
Construction of household,
institutional and community level
biogas plants.
7. Deepam Bio – Gas Agency
Arun Bhavan
Neerilla, Parappur
Kadampuzha
Malappuram– 676 553
Ph: 9847243763
Construction of institutional and
community level biogas plants.
8. Agency for Non-conventional
Energy and Rural technology
(ANERT)
Thycaud,
Thiruvananthapuram-695 014
Construction of institutional and
community level biogas plants.
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Ph: 0471-2440122
9. Hi-Tech Bio Fertilizers India
34/1841-B
Edappally
Ernakulam – 682 024
Construction of composting
plants in houses and flats.
10. Chemtrols Engineering Ltd.
Amar Hill
Saki Vihar Road
Mumbai – 400 072
Construction of biogas and
airobic windrow composting
plants.
11. Ram Biologicals
1/3442-I, 2nd Floor
Ayswarya Mansion
West Hill
P.O. Kozhikkode-673 005
Ph: 0495 3096858,
9387176455
Construction of community
level composting plants.
12. Heigh Coup Exports Ltd.
Registered Office-1-1-564/1/A
Heigh Coup Heights
Gandhi Nagar, Hydrabad
Andra Pradesh-500 020
Construction of institutional and
community level windrow
composting plants.
13. Royal Associates
Panamattom
Koorali P.O.
Kottayam-686 522
Construction of household and
institutional level biogas plants.
14. We Help
Reg. No. K57893
Construction of household level
biogas plants.
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Manimala
Kottayam-686 543
15. Bio Energy System
Grace Building, Room No.
17/682-C3
Mavoor Road
Kozhikkode
Construction of institutional and
community level biogas plants.
16. Rajagiri Outreach Service Society
Rajagiri College of Social Sciences
Rajagiri P.O.
Kalamassery
Ernakulam-683 104
Construction of institutional and
community level vermi
composting and biogas plants.
17. Rgional Agro Industries
Development Cooperatives of
Kerala Ltd. (RAIDCO)
TM 188 A
SPCA Road
P.B. No. 407
Kannur-670 002
Construction of household and
community level biogas plants.
18. Jayan & Company
Pattanakkad P.O.
Cherthala
Alappuzha-688 531
Construction of household level
biogas plants.
Accredited Agency
1 Socio Economic Unit Foundation,
A1 Belhaven Gardens,
Kawdiar P.O,
Thiruvananthapuram – 695 003,
Solid waste processing plant
using vermi composting and
biogas technology
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Ph: 0471-2725914
2 Integrated Rural Technology
Centre (IRTC),
Mundur,
Palakkad
Ph:0491-2832324
Solid waste processing plant
using vermi composting and
windrow composting