KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN JUS DAGING ALOE VERA DENGAN

REBAMIPIDE TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA)

GASTER TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DI INDUKSI ASPIRIN

Oleh :

INDRI LESTARI HAZIZAH

201310330311013

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2017

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN JUS DAGING ALOE VERA DENGAN

REBAMIPIDE TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA)

GASTER TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN YANG DI INDUKSI ASPIRIN

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

Dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh :

INDRI LESTARI HAZIZAH

201310330311013

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERRAN

2017

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

HASIL PENELITIAN

Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian untuk memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan

Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Malang, 23 Februari 2017

I

Mengetahui,

Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Dekan,

ii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS

Karya tulis akhir ini adalah karya saya sendiri, dan semua sumber baik yang

dikutip maupun dirujuk telah saya nyatakan dengan benar.

Nama : Indri Lestari Hazizah

NIM : 201310330311013

Tanda tangan :

Tanggal : 23 Februari 2017

iii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN

Karya Tulis Akhir oleh Indri Lestari Hazizah ini

telah diuji dan dipertahankan di depan Tim Penguji

pada tanggal 23 Februari 2017.

Tim Penguji

, Ketua

, Anggota

, Anggota

iv

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh,

Syukur Alhamdulillah penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT. Tuhan

semesta alam, Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang, Yang Maha Pemberi

nikmat, kebaikan, kemudahan, kekuatan dan atas karunia-Nya penulisan tugas

akhir ini dapat selesai dengan baik.

Sholawat serta salam tak lupa mari kita haturkan kepada Nabiyullah, Nabi

akhir zaman, Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, beserta keluarganya, para sahabatnya,

dan umatnya yang mengikutinya hingga hari kiamat, semoga kita semua

mendapat syafa’atnya di akhirat kelak.

Penelitian tugas akhir ini berjudul “Perbandingan Pemberian Jus Daging

Aloe vera dengan Rebamipide terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA)

Gaster Tikus Putih Jantan yang di Induksi Aspirin”, diajukan untuk

memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penulis menyadari bahwa penulisan tugas akhir ini terselesaikan karena

adanya bantuan dari berbagai pihak, oleh karena itulah pada kesempatan ini

penulis ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada:

1. dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes., selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah memberikan kepercayaan dan semangat

kepada penulis untuk menyusun tugas akhir ini.

2. dr. Moch. Ma’roef, Sp.OG., selaku Pembantu Dekan I Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

v

3. dr. Rahayu, SpS., selaku Pembantu Dekan II Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

4. dr. Iwan Sys Indrawanto, Sp.KJ., selaku Pembantu Dekan III Fakultas

Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

5. dr. Desy Andari, M. Biomed., selaku pembimbing 1, atas kesabaran, kebaikan

hati, serta kesediaan dalam meluangkan waktu dalam membimbing hingga

dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini dengan baik.

6. dr. Bambang Widianto, Sp.OT., selaku pembimbing 2, atas kesabarannya

dalam membimbing dan senantiasa memberikan semangat, sehingga saya

dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini dengan baik.

7. dr. Annisa Hasanah, M.Si., selaku penguji, yang telah memberikan saran

perbaikan tugas akhir ini sehingga menjadi lebih baik.

8. dr. Anung Putri Illahika, selaku pembimbing 1 MERS, atas kesabarannya

dalam membimbing statistik, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikantugas akhir

ini dengan baik

9. dr. Indra Setiawan, Sp.THT., selaku pembimbing 2 MERS, atas kesabarannya

dalam membimbing statistik, sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikantugas akhir

ini dengan baik

10. Keluarga tercinta Papa Turida SH., Mama Mini, adik Dea Putri Amalia dan

Jawhara Nur Fauziah, serta seluruh keluarga besar yang selalu memberikan

perhatiannya, motivasi, semangat, dan doa yang tiada henti-hentinya kepada

penulis.

11. Sahabat-sahabat ku tersayang Kabinet Rebamipide (Nungki, Nabila), Kabinet

Merdeka (Nur Lyla, Vivin, Sheila, Andin, Zatil, Fathin, Fifa), Andan, Puspa,

vi

Yayu, Nia, Nayla, Afaf, Dian, Rhylla, Tika, Tiara, Jati, Prima, Churin, Dini,

Hikmah, Karin, Wulan, Ainun, Mondy, terima kasih atas dukungan dan

doanya. Mbak Tia, mbak Nia, mbak Meta, mbak Ika, mbak Dian, mbak

Nabila, mbak Salsa, terima kasih telah memberikan banyak arahan serta

nasehat kepada penulis.

12. Teman-teman angkatan 2013 “Gluteus Maximus”, banyak pengalaman

berharga bersama kalian & telah mengajarkan banyak hal, terima kasih atas

dukungan serta doanya selalu.

13. Mbak Deva, Pak Yono, Bu Endah, Mas Didit, Mas Miftah, Mas Yono, Mbak

Fat, Mbak Nuke, Mbak Citra, terima kasih atas bantuannya.

14. Semua pihak yang terlibat langsung maupun tidak langsung yang tidak

mampu penulis sebutkan satu-persatu, terimakasih atas dukungan dan doanya.

Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa masih banyak kekurangan pada

penyusunan tugas akhir ini.Sehingga penulis sangat mengharapkan masukan

dari berbagai pihak. Semoga tugas akhir inibermanfaat bagi semua pihak.

Aamiin.

Wassalamu’alaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakaatuh.

Malang, 23 Februari 2017

Penulis

vii

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. i

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iv

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ viii

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR GRAFIK ........................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 4

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................... 4

1.3.1 Tujuan umum ............................................................................... 4

1.3.2 Tujuan khusus .............................................................................. 4

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................. 4

1.4.1 Manfaat Klinis ............................................................................. 4

1.4.2 Manfaat Masyarakat..................................................................... 5

1.4.3 Manfaat Akademik....................................................................... 5

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 6

2.1 Gaster Manusia ...................................................................................... 6

2.1.1 Anatomi Gaster ............................................................................ 6

2.1.2 Fisiologi Gaster ............................................................................ 9

2.1.2.1 Sekresi Asam Gaster ........................................................ 9

2.1.2.2 Sekresi Mukus Gaster ...................................................... 11

2.2.2.3 Sawar Gaster .................................................................... 11

2.2 Gaster Tikus .......................................................................................... 12

2.2.1 Anatomi Gaster Tikus ................................................................. 12

2.3 Aspirin ................................................................................................... 14

2.4 Rebamipide ............................................................................................ 16

2.5 Aloe vera ............................................................................................... 17

2.5.1 Taksonomi dan Tata Nama Botani .............................................. 17

2.5.2 Deskripsi Morfologi Aloe vera .................................................... 18

2.5.3 Senyawa Aktif Aloe vera ............................................................. 19

2.5.1 Mekanisme Tindakan Penyembuhan ........................................... 20

2.6 Malondialdehida (MDA) ...................................................................... 21

2.6.1 Proses Pembentukan Malondialdehida (MDA) .......................... 21

2.6.2 Pengukuran Malondialdehida (MDA) ......................................... 22

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .. 23

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ............................................................ 23

3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ............................................................................... 25

BAB 4 METODELOGI PENELITIAN .......................................................... 26

4.1 Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian ............................................................. 26

viii

4.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................ 26

4.2.1 Tempat Penelitian ........................................................................ 26

4.2.2 Waktu Penelitian .......................................................................... 26

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ............................................................. 26

4.3.1 PopulasiPenelitian ........................................................................ 26

4.3.2 Sampel Penelitian......................................................................... 26

4.3.3 Estimasi Jumlah Pengulangan...................................................... 26

4.3.4 Teknik pengambilan sampel ........................................................ 27

4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian ................................................... 28

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ....................................................................... 28

4.3.6.1 Variabel Bebas ................................................................. 28

4.3.6.2 Variabel Tergantung ........................................................ 28

4.3.6.3 Variabel Kontrol .............................................................. 28

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional ................................................................... 29

4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ...................................................................... 29

4.4.1 Alat Penelitian .............................................................................. 28

4.4.2 Bahan Penelitian ......................................................................... 30

4.5 Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................ 31

4.6 Alur Penelitian ....................................................................................... 36

4.7 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 37

4.7.1 Uji One Way Anova..................................................................... 37

4.7.2 Uji Post Hoc Bonferroni .............................................................. 37

4.7.3 Uji Kruskal-wallis ........................................................................ 38

4.7.4 Uji Post Mann-Withney ............................................................... 38

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ................................ 39

5.1 Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................................... 39

5.2 Analisis Data Penelitian ......................................................................... 40

5.2.1 Analisis Uji Normalitas dan Homogenitas .................................. 40

5.2.2 Analisis Uji Kruskal-Wallis ......................................................... 42

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................... 44

6.1 Pembahasan ............................................................................................ 44

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................. 50

7.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 50

7.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 50

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 51

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 57

ix

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

2.1 Perbedaan Lambung Manusia dan Hewan Coba ......................................12

2.2 Bagian-bagian Aloe vera ...........................................................................18

2.3 Kandungan dan Manfaat Gel, Lateks dan Kulit Aloe vera .......................19

2.4 Senyawa Aktif Aloe vera ..........................................................................19

5.1 Uji Normalitas Kadar MDA Gaster Tikus ................................................40

5.2 Uji Normalitas Hasil Transformasi LN .....................................................41

5.3 Uji Normalitas Hasil Transformasi X2 ......................................................41

5.4 Uji Normalitas Hasif Transformasi 1/X ....................................................41

5.5 Uji Normalitas Hasif Transformasi X .......................................................42

5.6 Uji Homogenitas Kadar MDA Gaster Tikus .............................................42

5.7 Uji Kruskal-Wallis Kadar MDA Gaster Tikus..........................................43

x

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik Halaman

5.1 Grafik Rata-rata Kadar MDA Gaster ........................................................39

xi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1 Anatomi Gaster ...........................................................................................6

2.2 Lapisan Dinding Gaster...............................................................................7

2.3 Pembuluh Darah Arteri Gaster ....................................................................8

2.4 Pembuluh Darah Vena Gaster .....................................................................8

2.5 Anatomi Gaster Tikus ...............................................................................13

2.6 Aloe vera ...................................................................................................17

xii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

CAT : Catalase

CD : Cluster of Differentiation

COX : Cyclooxygenase

COX-1 : Cyclooxygenase 1

COX-2 : Cyclooxygenase 2

DNA : Deoxyribonucleic Acid

ECL : Enhanced Cheiluminscent

EGF : Epidermal Growth Factor

EGFR : Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

GR : Glutation Peroksidase

HCl : Hyndrochloric Acid

MALT : Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

MDA : Malondialdehid

NHIS : National Health Interview Survey

NSAID : Non Steroid Anti Inflamasi Drug

PG : Prostaglandin

PGE2 : Prostaglandin E2

PGG2 : Prostaglandin G2

PGI2 : Prostaglandin I2

PMN : Polimorfonuklear

RE : Retikulum Endoplasma

ROS : Reactive Oxygen Species

SCBA : Saluran Cerna Bagian Atas

SOD : Superoksida Dismutase

TBARS : Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance

TGF-α : Transforming Growth Factor Alpha

TNF-α : Tumor Necrosing Factor Alpha

VEGF : Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

WHO : World Health Organization

xiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman

1. Hasil Pengukuran MDA ..............................................................................57

2. Hasil Analisis Data Penelitian .....................................................................58

3. Dokumentasi Penelitian .............................................................................62

4. Kartu Konsultasi Tugas Akhir ...................................................................65

5. Surat Keterangan Laboratorium Biomedik FK UMM ................................66

6. Surat Keterangan Determinasi Aloe vera ...................................................67

7. Surat Keterangan Lolos Kaji Ilmiah Proposal Penelitian ..........................68

8. Surat Keterangan Lolos Kaji Ilmiah Laporan Hasil Penelitian ..................69

9. Surat Keterangan Kelaikan Etik .................................................................70

xiv

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