Windows XP Short for eXPerience Successor to Windows 2000 and
Windows Me First released October 25, 2001 Direct Original
Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) and retail sales ceased June 30, 2008
Cont. to sell through System Builders until January 31, 2009
Codename was Whistler* Most Widely Used Operating System in World
58.4% Market Share as of Feb 10 having Peaked at 76.1% in Jan 07 On
April 8, 2014 all Windows XP support, including security updates
and security-related hotfixes, will be terminated *Many Microsoft
Employees skied at the Whistler-Blackcomb Ski Resort in Whistler,
British Columbia
Slide 4
XP Editions 4 Main Editions Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP
Professional Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Tablet PC
Edition Other Editions
Slide 5
Editions Cont. Windows XP Home Edition Targeted at Home users
Windows XP Professional Offers Support for Windows Server domains 2
physical processors Targeted at Power Users Features that are
accessible for XP Professional can also be used in XP Home. They
are disabled, but can become functional if the user wants
them.
Slide 6
Editions Cont. Windows XP Media Center Edition Introduced in
2002 Updated every year until 2006 Used to: Incorporate new digital
media Broadcast Television Media Center Capabilities Never made
available for retail purchase Sold through OEM channels or
preinstalled on computers that were typically marketed as media
center PCs Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Produced for a class of
specially designed notebook/laptop computers called tablet PCS
Compatible with a per-sensitive screen Supports: Hand Written Notes
Portrait-Oriented Screens
Slide 7
Other Editions Windows XP 64-bit Edition for Itanium processors
Introduced in 2001 but discontinued a few years later when vendors
of Itanium hardware stopped selling workstation- class machines due
to low sales Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Supports the
x86-64 extension of the Intel IA-32 architecture Implemented by AMD
as AMD64 and found in AMDs Opteron and Athlon 64 chips Implemented
by Intel as Intel 64 and found in Intels Pentium 4 and later chips
Windows XP Embedded Edition for specific consumer electronics,
set-top boxes, kiosks/ATMs, medical devices, arcade video games,
point-of- sale terminals, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
components
Slide 8
Other Editions cont. Windows XP Starter Edition Lower-cost
edition of Windows XP available in Thailand, Indonesia, Russia,
India, Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico,
Ecuador, Uruguay and Venezuela Similar to Windows XP Home Limited
to low-end hardware, can only run 3 programs at a time, and has
some other features either removed or disabled by default Windows
Fundamentals for Legacy PCs A thin client version of Windows XP
that targets old machines Intended for corporate customers who
would like to upgrade to XP to take advantage of its security and
management capabilities, but cant afford to purchase new
hardware
Slide 9
New and Updated Features Faster Start Up and Hibernation
Sequence New, more user-friendly interface Fast User Switching
allows a user to save current state and open applications ClearType
font which improves text readability on LCD and similar monitors
Remote Desktop functionality allows users to connect to a computer
running Windows XP Pro from across a network or the Internet and
access their apps, files, printers, and devices Support for most
DSL modems and connections as well as networking over FireWire and
Bluetooth
Slide 10
User Friendly Interface The Start Menu and Windows Indexing
service were redesigned and many visual effects were added
including: Translucent blue selection rectangle in Explorer Drop
shadows for icon labels Task-based Sidebars Ability to group the
taskbar buttons of the windows of one app into one button Ability
to lock taskbar and other toolbars to prevent accidental changes
Highlighting of recently added programs on Start Menu Shadows under
Menus
Slide 11
Service Packs Service Pack 1 released on September 9, 2002
Contained post-RTM security fixes and hot fixes, compatibility
updates, optional.NET Framework support, enabling technologies for
new devices such as Tablet PCs, and a new Windows Messenger 4.7
version Service Pack 2 released on August 25, 2004 Had an emphasis
on Security Included WPA encryption compatibility and improved
Wi-Fi support, Pop-up ad blocker from IE 6, and Bluetooth Support
Windows Security Center provided a general overview of security on
the system, including the state of antivirus software, Windows
Update, and the new Windows Firewall Service Pack 3 released on
July 10, 2008 A total of 1,174 fixes were included in SP3, and can
be installed on systems with IE versions 6, 7, or 8 but the package
does not include IE 7 and 8. A large number of users with AMD
processors reported that their PCs would not boot after installing
SP3, and this resulted from OEMs who preinstalled a copy of Windows
XP which had been created on a machine with an Intel processor.
This resulted in the Intel SpeedStep driver attempting to load on
the AMD-based PC. Microsoft never supported this configuration
Slide 12
Criticism of XP Security Criticized for its susceptibility to
malware, viruses, trojan horses, and worms By default the user sets
up an administrator account that provides unrestricted access to
the underpinnings of the system. If the administrator's account is
broken into, there is no limit to the control that can be asserted
over the compromised PC. Microsoft has stated that the release of
patches to fix security holes is often what causes the spread of
exploits against those very same holes. Hackers exploit these holes
by figuring out what problems the patches fix, and then proceed to
launch attacks against unpatched systems. Integration of Operation
System Features Windows XP has drawn fire for integrating user
applications such as Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger
into the operating system, as well as for its close ties to the
Windows Live ID service. Backward Compatibility XP comes with the
ability to run DOS programs in a virtual DOS machine, it still has
trouble running many old DOS programs Does not use DOS as a base
Operating System
Slide 13
Windows Vista During development, known as Longhorn Development
completed on November 8, 2006 Released worldwide on January 30,
2007 The longest time span between successive releases of Microsoft
Windows desktop Operating Systems Microsoft began work on Vista in
May of 2001, 5 months before the release of XP It was originally
set to be shipped sometime late in 2003 as a minor step between XP
and Blackcomb, which was planned to be the companies next major
operating system Eventually Longhorn acquired many of the important
features and technologies slated for Blackcomb, which resulted in
the release date being pushed back several times Microsoft
announced on August 27, 2004 that Blackcomb was scrapped, and
Longhorns development started anew, building on the Windows Server
2003 Service Pack 1 codebase, and reincorporating only the features
that would be intended for an actual operating system release In
July 2005 Longhorn was named Windows Vista Development of Windows
Vista came to an end when Microsoft announced that it has been
finalized on November 8, 2006. Vista cost Microsoft 6 billion
dollars to develop.
Slide 14
Vista Editions Windows Vista Home Basic: Budget users with low
needs Windows Vista Starter Edition: limited to emerging markets
Windows Vista Home Premium: Covers majority of the consumer market,
and contains apps for creating and using multimedia Windows Vista
Business: Specifically designed for small and medium sized
businesses Windows Vista Enterprise: Only available to customers
participating in Microsofts Software Assurance program Windows
Vista Ultimate: Contains the complete feature-set of both the Home
and Business (Combo of Home Premium and Enterprise) editions, as
well as a set of Windows Ultimate Extras, and it aimed at
enthusiasts
Slide 15
New and Updated Features For the End-user Windows Aero
(Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open): The new interface is
intended to be cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing. New
transparencies, live thumbnails, live icons, and animations.
Windows Shell: New range of organization, navigation, and search
capabilities. Windows explorer task pane is removed. Address bar
replaced by breadcrumb navigation system. Preview Pane allows users
to see thumbnails of various files and view contents of documents.
No longer uses ever-expanding boxes when navigating through
Programs. The work Start has been removed and replaced by the
Windows Pearl Instant Search: Faster and More In-depth Windows
Sidebar: Transparent Panel anchored to the side of the screen where
a user can place Desktop Gadgets Windows Internet Explorer 7
Windows Media Player: Major Revamp Backup and Restore Center: Gives
users the ability to schedule periodic backups of files on their
computer, as well as recovery from previous backups Windows Mail,
Windows Calendar, Windows Photo Gallery, Windows DVD Maker, Windows
Media Center, Games and Games Explorer, Windows Mobility Center,
Parental Controls, Speech Recognition Windows Update: Software and
Security updates have been simplified, now operating solely via a
control panel instead of as a web application
Slide 16
New and Updated Features cont. Core Complete restructuring of
the architecture of the audio, print, display, and networking
subsystems ReadyBoost and ReadyDrive which employ fast flash memory
to improve system performance by caching commonly used programs and
data SuperFetch utilizes machine learning techniques to analyze
usage patterns to allow Windows Vista to make intelligent decisions
about what content should be present in system memory at any given
time Windows Disk Defragmenter makes sure that those apps are
strategically positioned on the had disk where they can be loaded
into memory very quickly with the least amount of physical movement
of the hard disks read-write heads IPv6 has been fully incorporated
into the operating system and a number of performance improvements
have been introduced Typically earlier versions of Windows needed
third party wireless networking software to work properly, but
Vista includes more comprehensive wireless networking support.
Security User Account Control, or UAC, is a security technology
that makes it possible for users to use their computer with fewer
privileges by default, with a view to stopping malware from making
unauthorized changes to the system UAC asks for credentials in a
Secure Desktop mode, in which the entire screen is dimmed, and only
the authorization window in active and highlighted. The intent to
stop a malicious program misleading the user by interfering with
the authorization window, and to hint to the user the importance of
the prompt. Windows Firewall is upgraded The 64-bit versions of
Vista require that all device drivers be digitally signed, so that
the creator of the driver can be identified
Slide 17
Service Packs Service Pack 1 released on February 4, 2008 Three
major areas of improvement: reliability and performance,
administration and experience, and support for newer hardware and
standards Service Pack 2 was released on May 26, 2009 and included
a number of security and other fixes Service Pack 1 must first be
installed Platform Update released on October 27, 2009 Included a
number of major new components that shipped with Windows 7, as well
as updated runtime libraries
Slide 18
Complaints of Vista PC World rated it as the biggest tech
disappointment of 2007 InfoWorld as #2 of Techs all-time 25 flops
User Account Control has been widely criticized for generating too
many prompts Mojave Experiment In July 2008, Microsoft introduced a
web-based advertising campaign called the "Mojave Experiment", that
depicts a group of people who are asked to evaluate the newest
operating system from Microsoft, calling it Windows 'Mojave'.
Participants are first asked about Vista, if they have used it, and
their overall satisfaction with Vista on a scale of 1 to 10 They
are then shown a demo of some of the new operating system's
features, and asked their opinion and satisfaction with it on the
same 1 to 10 scale After respondents rate "Mojave", they are then
told that they were really shown a demo of Windows Vista According
to Microsoft, the initial sample of respondents rated Vista an
average of 4.4 out of 10, and Mojave received an average of 8.5,
with no respondents rating Mojave lower than they originally rated
Windows Vista before the demo Hardware requirements: Many people
found themselves with new computers that were unable to use the new
software to its full potential despite the assurance of Vista
Capable designations Cost- Was a lot higher to purchase when first
released; originally priced at $399 for Ultimate and $239 for Home
Premium
Slide 19
Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP Vista faces backward
compatibility problems as well because there are about 2000 apps
that are specific to the number of programs that can currently work
under XP and carry the Vista Compatibility Logo- This is very low
compared to the number of programs for XP File Copy Operations
proved to be one area where Vista performs better then XP Windows
Vista clearly is not a great new performer when it comes to
executing single applications at maximum speed In Windows XP, most
home users ran all software with Administrator Access which left
the computer open to potential security threats, such as hacking
and malware downloads. UAC in Vista improves this by limiting
application software to standard user privileges until an
administrator authorizes an increase in privilege level Vista also
includes Windows Defender, a spyware scanning and removal tool that
is also available for XP for free. Luna is the default visual style
in XP and the default theme in Vista is Aero, but it requires a
compatible Graphic Card
Slide 20
Windows 32 Bit vs. 64 Bit 64 Bit OS process at a faster speed
than 32 Bit OS Think of how much faster we thought 32 Bit was then
16 bit OS which was used in Windows 95 A processor with 32-bit
memory addresses can directly access 4 GB of RAM and less 64-bit
versions have the ability to access RAM that is about the 4 GB
range Faster and More powerful system Enhanced Security
Features
Slide 21
Installation
Slide 22
Minimum Requirements XP 300 MHz processor clock speed 128 MB of
RAM 1.5 GB available hard disk space CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive
Keyboard & Mouse Video adapter and monitor with Super VGA (800
x 600)or higher resolution Sound card Speakers or headphones Vista
1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor 1 GB of system memory
Windows Aero-capable graphics card 128 MB of graphics memory
(minimum) 40 GB hard drive 15 GB of free hard disk space provides
room for temporary file storage during install or upgrade Internal
or external DVD drive Audio output capability
Slide 23
FAT32 File System Maximum partition size is 32GB Provides
little security Access to drive = access to all files on drive More
susceptible to disk errors + Backward compatibility + FAT32 NTFS
volumes
Slide 24
NTFS File System + Max partition size 16TB Use of NTFS
Permissions Difficult to implement + Directory & file access
controlled individually + Supports disk quotas Control amount of
disk usage per user + Supports file compression + Smaller cluster
size & less disk space waste + Better ability to recover from
errors + Uses log files for automatic file system repairs NTFS
FAT32 (must be reformatted)
Slide 25
Convert FAT32 Disk to NTFS Windows XP Open command prompt
:\> vol c: volume label for the C partition :\> convert c:
/fs:ntfs When prompted, enter the volume label for the partition
Windows Vista Open command prompt :\> convert c: /fs:ntfs Volume
label
Slide 26
Disk Preparation Back up any data you want saved CD, DVD, hard
drive not being formatted Format & Partition Hard Drive Full
(regular) Format Scans disk for bad sectors Quick Format Hard disk
previously formatted Sure disk is not damaged
Slide 27
Device Manager Manage system resources Update drivers Each
device Manage installed hardware Configuration Disabling / enabling
Conflicts btwn. hardware devices
Slide 28
Update Device Drivers Software that tells O.S. how to
communicate with a piece of hardware * 32-bit & 64-bit drivers
Solution to hardware issue Current status of device Add new
features for hardware Download.com DriverGuide.com
MyDriverDetective
Slide 29
Virtual Memory Simulated RAM Computer shifts data to empty
space on hard drive Data swapped to/from RAM as needed Increase
Virtual Memory Increase empty space reserved for RAM overflow
Application Compatibility in Windows XP Windows XP must provide
compatibility with previous operating systems; Windows 2000 and
Windows Me, along with their predecessors Compatibility mode Tool
built into Windows XP for end users Use compatibility mode when you
run an application that does not recognize XP Antivirus programs,
disk utilities, backup programs and system utilities that were not
designed for Windows XP should not be run in compatibility
mode
Slide 33
Setting a Program to Compatibility Mode Right click program and
click properties Click compatibility to open the menu to the left
Check run this program in compatibility mode and select a version
of windows
Slide 34
Windows XP NTLDR is not found during bootup error FAT32
partitions: boot with a Win98 floppy and copy the NTLDR or
NTDETECT.COM files from the i386 directory to the root of the C:\
drive. NTFS: Insert and boot from your Windows XP CD. At the first
R=Repair option, press the R key Press the number that corresponds
to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to
repair. Typically this will be #1 Enter in the administrator
password when requested Enter in the following commands (X: is
replaced by the actual drive letter that is assigned to the CD ROM
drive) COPY X:\i386\NTLDR C\: COPY X:\i386\NTDETECT.COM C:\ Take
out the CD and type exit
Slide 35
Windows XP Why won't 16-bit programs install on a computer
running the 64-bit version of Windows XP? 16-bit programs are not
compatible with the 64-bit version, therefore they will not
install. However, the 64-bit XP platform is backwards- compatible
with 32-bit programs. If you attempt to install a 16-bit program on
the 64-bit XP platform, you may receive one of the following error
messages: Install.exe is not a valid win32 application. Setup.exe
is not a valid win32 application.
Slide 36 > Right-click on My Computer and choose Properties.
Click on the Advanced tab Under the Startup and Recovery category,
click Settings Locate the "Automatically Restart" entry and uncheck
the checkbox Click Apply, then OK. Now, when an error is
encountered, your system will not automatically reboot, but
instead, it will show the actual error message that is causing the
issue. Note: Be sure to have a pen and paper handy to copy the
message.">
Windows XP Random Reboots Problem: When booting up my system
(XP Home Edition), it will sometimes reboot after the BIOS POST
(power on self test) or Windows XP Splash Screen. Answer: When
Windows XP encounters a problem, it is programmed to reboot itself
in an attempt to fix the error. If Windows XP is not fixing the
errors and you continue to reboot randomly, then it may be
necessary to find out what is causing this behavior. By turning off
the "Automatic Restart" feature, you will force Windows to show the
actual error. Once you have this information, you can supply it to
a support professional for troubleshooting purposes. Here's how to
set this up: Go to Start>> Right-click on My Computer and
choose Properties. Click on the Advanced tab Under the Startup and
Recovery category, click Settings Locate the "Automatically
Restart" entry and uncheck the checkbox Click Apply, then OK. Now,
when an error is encountered, your system will not automatically
reboot, but instead, it will show the actual error message that is
causing the issue. Note: Be sure to have a pen and paper handy to
copy the message.
Slide 37
Windows XP Shutdown Problems You receive an error message when
you shut down or restart the computer: 1: Configure Windows so that
it does not load the file or the service mentioned in the error
message 2: See whether a program has recently been removed from the
computer The computer stops responding when you try to shut down or
restart the computer 1: Try to shut down or restart the computer
from safe mode 2: Use Device Manager to determine if the problem is
related to a device driver 3: Try to restore operation of Windows
XP by using System Restore 4: Try to restore operation of Windows
XP by using the Last Known Good Configuration functionality 5: Try
to repair your installation of Windows XP by performing an in-place
upgrade 6: Confirm that the CMOS/BIOS settings are correct 7:
Confirm that your hard disk or file system is not damaged
Slide 38
Windows Vista Top 10 Windows Vista Hardware Problems by Jason
Kerluck: 1. Greedy hardware specifications: at least 512Mb of DDR
RAM, a minimum 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 or AMD equivalent processor, and a
128MB video card that preferably supports Direct X 9 Many have had
problems with Vista, only to realize after the fact that they fall
below these specs. 2. Dearth of drivers One of the biggest
challenges has been rewriting drivers to accommodate the strict new
security controls 3. Audio card issues Many component manufacturers
have decided not to make Vista drivers for devices older than five
years. Soundcards like Creatives SoundBlaster Live series are not
supported in Vista. 4. Video card issues. Many ATI drivers and
devices they run relied on services and files in Windows XP. These
files are either no longer used, or run is a different fashion in
Vista. 5. Older motherboard chipsets. While you may meet the
minimum requirements to run Vista, your motherboard may harbor
chips that are not Vista-ready. A prime example of this is the 915
laptop chipset.
Slide 39
Top 10 Windows Vista Hardware Problems by Jason Kerluck:(Cont.)
6. High Performance Drive Controllers Many RAID and Serial ATA
drivers are also left out in the dark when it comes to Vista. Many
are included on the Vista disk itself, but if you manage to find a
drive controller thats slow to put out a Vista driver, you may be
stalled out before you even get Vista installed! Always find out
what parts you have on your system before you install Vista 7.
Printers and Scanners. As of this writing, there are still several
high-end HP and Epson printers that have no Vista drivers at all.
Newer model printers are often missing Vista drivers off the HP
site. 8. USB 1.1 Vista requires that the USB ports must support
version 2.0. While many have been able to get motherboards with 1.1
to work, its a good idea to disable them in BIOS and add in a PCI
USB 2.0 card instead 9. Digital Video Adapters Vista requires at
least one DVI-D video adapter in the system video card. It makes
you wonder what Microsoft is trying to do here, as the output of
the video shouldnt be tied to the operating system. Perhaps it has
more to do with HDCP compatibility? 10. S3 power Management Vista
requires that motherboards use the S3 power management protocol
when hibernating and resuming from standby. It also requires that
the return from "Suspend to RAM" standby occurs in less than 2
seconds. Needless to say, this can be a problem for older
motherboards that use or are set to use the S1 standard
Slide 40
Windows Vista "An unauthorized change was made to your license
error: The most common reason for receiving this error is due to
installing incompatible software in Vista. It can also be caused by
a hard disk error. Troubleshooting this: Uninstall the incompatible
software Validate Windows Check Your Hard disk for erros
Slide 41 > Control Panel>> System and
Maintenance>> Administrative Tools>> Memory Diagnostic
Tool. You may be prompted for an administrators password or
confirmation at this point. Select the option titled: "You can
restart your computer and run the tool immediately". Once the tool
has completed the diagnostic process, you will know whether your
problem is memory related or not.">
Basic Windows Vista Troubleshooting Guide System Restore: If
you do not know where to start and you don't have a clue as to why
you're having trouble with Vista, then use System Restore to take
your system files back to a time. Start>> All
Programs>> Accessories>> System Tools>> System
Restore Click Next Select "Choose a different restore point Click
Next Select a date and time that you would like to restore to.
Click Next to begin the process In the confirmation prompt, select
Yes. Identify a hardware problem: Memory Go to Start>>
Control Panel>> System and Maintenance>> Administrative
Tools>> Memory Diagnostic Tool. You may be prompted for an
administrators password or confirmation at this point. Select the
option titled: "You can restart your computer and run the tool
immediately". Once the tool has completed the diagnostic process,
you will know whether your problem is memory related or not.
Slide 42
Basic Windows Vista Troubleshooting Guide (Cont.) Hard Disk
(CHKDSK) Go to Start>> Computer Right click the hard disk
that you would like to test. Select Properties Select the Tools tab
Click the Check Now button under Error-Checking. You may be
prompted for an administrators password or confirmation at this
point Select the option: "Automatically fix file system errors
Select the option: "Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors".
Selecting this option will perform a thorough scan of your selected
hard disk and attempt to fix any physical errors on the drive.
Depending on the size of your hard disk, this could take quite some
time to complete. For best results, avoid using your computer
system during this process Click Start Devices If you have recently
installed a new device on your computer. It is possible that the
driver for your device is not compatible with Windows Vista. In
most cases, downloading an updated driver from the manufactures web
site will solve this problem. If you cannot find an updated driver
for your device, try removing the device from your system and see
if Vista now boots correctly.
Slide 43
Basic Windows Vista Troubleshooting Guide (Cont.) Vista is
running slow Dual Boot or Multi-boot systems: If your computer is
setup to run two or more operating systems, you can select the boot
order so that only one operating system will start when your
machine is turned on. Go to Start>> Control Panel>>
System and Maintenance>> System Select Advanced System
Settings. You may be prompted for an administrators password or
confirmation at this point. Select the Advanced tab Select Settings
under Startup and Recovery Under the System startup category you'll
find a default operating systems list. Select the operating system
that you would like to use when you start your computer. Click OK
and exit all windows. Using Startup Repair If you are sure that
your Vista systems poor performance is not hardware or virus
related. You can try running the Startup Repair feature to fix
system files that may have become corrupt or gone missing..Insert
your installation disk Restart your computer. Your computer should
boot to your installation disk. If it won't, you will need to
change the boot order in your BIOS. Consult your computer
manufactures operating guide for this procedure. You may receive a
prompt asking you to press any key to start Windows from the
installation disk. Select the language setting and then click Next.
Select Repair your computer Select the operating system that you
would like to repair and then click Next. Select Startup Repair
from the System Recovery Options menu. Follow all of the on-screen
prompts and answer the questions accordingly. Your system may
restart as repairs are made.
Slide 44
Basic Windows Vista Troubleshooting Guide (Cont..) Using the
System File Checker (SFC): If you are experiencing system lockups
or error messages when using Windows applications, you can try
running the System File Checker tool to scan your operating system
for corrupt files. If the SFC finds any corrupt files, it will
automatically replace them with "known" good files. Here's how to
use SFC: Go to Start In the Search field, type in: cmd Right click
the "cmd" entrySelect "Run as administrator". Continue through any
resulting UAC prompts. At the command prompt, type in the following
command: sfc /scannow Press Enter on your keyboard-Using Safe Mode:
Safe Mode is a very useful diagnostic tool used to troubleshoot
system startup problems and performance issues. When you start your
system in Safe Mode, Vista will run only the basic default Windows
settings, services, devices and drivers. If your system performs
fine in Safe Mode but poorly in regular mode, you can eliminate
these default settings as the cause. You can access Safe Mode by
tapping the F8 key on your keyboard as Windows first begins to
boot.