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LowCarbon and LowEnergy Urban BuildingComplexes. Combining Stationary and Mobile

Energy Requirements. COST 23. Vienna

Karl Georg HøyerProfessor

Technology, Design & EnvironmentOslo University College

Norway

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Sustainable Energy and Urban Development.

l Theoretical and Historical Context

l A Case from Oslo

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Theoretical and Historical Context

l Modern Environmental Discourse:l Silent Spring/Rachel Carson – 1962l Environmental Pollution – ”Sink” problemsl Environmental Resources- ”Source”

problems

l Soon Energy should come into Focus

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Contextl The Energy Discourse of the 1970`s;

l Four Events:l 1. 1972: Stockholm UN Environment

Conferencel 2. 1972: Limits to Growthl 3. 1973: Oil-Crisisl 4. 1970`s: Nuclear Power Debate

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Contextl The Energy Discourse of the 1970`s;

l Four Implications:

l 1. Energy a Global Issuel 2. Energy a Quality Level Issuel 3. End-Use Issues and Supply-Side Issuesl 4. Local Energy Systems

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Contextl The Energy Discourse of the 1970`s;

l One important limitation:

l Stationary Energy Focusl Hardly Mobile Energy Focus

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Contextl The Sustainable Development Discourse;

l Four Implications:

l 1. Energy a Global Issuel 2. Energy the crucial Climate Change Issuel 3. +50% Reductions in Energy Usel 4. Sustainable Energy Systems – Combining

End-use and Supply-side requirements

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Contextl The Sustainable Development Discourse;

l The ensuing fifth implication:

l 5. Including Mobile Energy Requirements- From problems of intensity to problems of

volume- Mobile energy and Sust. Urban Development- Sustainable Transport- Sustainable Mobility

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Context

l Sust. Urban Development and Sust. Mobility;

l Macro-urban Compactness, Compact Cityl Densificationl Walking and Cyclingl Public Transport/Transit

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Contextl Decoupling of CO2 and Energy?l Decoupling of CO2 and other Climate gases?

l Sustainable Energy Discourse: Coupling ofCO2 and Energy

l Sustainable Energy Discourse: Coupling ofCO2 and other Climate gases, and environmental problems

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Case/Høyer/Cost 23

l Combining Stationary and Mobile EnergyRequirements

l Combining End-Use and Supply-SideRequirements

l Combining Energy Efficiency and Alternative Renewables Requirements

l Combining Energy with other Urban EcologyRequirements

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Case/Høyer/COST23Summary Matrix for Analysis

Supply-SideMobile

End-UseMobile

Supply-SideStationary

End-UseStationary

VolumesAlternativePatterns

Alternative Energies

Efficiency

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Case- Oslol Newman & Kenworthy

l 1989 Book: Compact City Perspective

l 1999 Book: Sustainable Urban Villages/Sustainable Neighbourhoods

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Case-Oslol Newman & Kenworthy

Sustainable Urban Villages:• High-density land-use• Mixed land-use; Business, Residential, Public

Buildings, Schools, etc• Heavy rail or light rail near the core• Various community facilities• Pedestrian and cycle links – internal and

external• Public spaces with strong design features

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Case-Oslol LowEnergy and LowCarbon Urban Building

Complexesl Meso-level in urban developmentl Part of contemporary urban renewal

programmes in many larger citiesl Large nodes for energy usel Large nodes for transport generationl Combining stationary and mobile energyl Combining energy efficiency and renewables

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Case-Oslol Nydalen Area in Oslo;l Old derelict industrial areal New development finished in 2010l 18 000 people daily working and/or living

therel Developed by a private developer – Avantor –

with Sustainability as their superior business ideology. Invested 1,5 Billion Euro

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Case-Oslol Nydalenl Mixed land-use; New residential buildings, Large

Business University/School, Hotell, 200 small businesses and industries, re-use of some of the old industrial buildings for offices and small industries

l Mobility; A new station on the central metro line, 10 minutes to Oslo Center. Initiated completing a newmetro ring around Oslo city. Close to heavy railstation. Extensive Bus transit opportunities. Internaland External pedestrian and cycling lanes; Vital connection to a pedestrian and cycle lane right downto Oslo C, but also with connection to the largegreen areas surrounding Oslo. These lanes go all theway through green areas along the main Oslo river.

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Case-Oslol Nydalenl Mobility; car parking restrictions, common car

pool with biofuel cars, central tube system for waste in residential areas – to avoid noise and air pollution from garbage collecting vehicles.

l Stationary Energy – Supply side; largest heat pump central in Europe based on energy from the ground, Cooling during summer and heating in winter, storing summer heat in theground. Efficiency factor 6:1in kWh`s. 180 x 200m deep drilled holes in the ground. Supplying 80% of the required heat energy.

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Case Oslol Nydalen;l Stationary Energy End-use; Strict low-energy

requirements for heating of all buildings, a separate new office building -”Pynten”-demonstrating very low stationary energyrequirements, heating: 26 kWh/m2, all energy: 84 kWh/m2; no mechanical ventilation, passive ventilation cooling, use of passive solar energy through a central atrium.

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COST23, Vienna, Case Oslo

ThankYou!