KAPAP AIVs VALUE CHAIN PROJECT MAY, 2014 · PDF file... [email protected] 2 ... [email protected] ... Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology University, Egerton

KAPAP AIVs VALUE CHAIN PROJECT MAY, 2014

REPORT OF INCEPTION/PLANNING WORKSHOP

Enhancing Production, Value Addition and Marketing of Indigenous

Vegetables (Cowpea, Spider plant, Nightshades, Amaranth and

Pumpkin), French Beans and Mushrooms among Smallholder Farmers

in Kenya: Deepening and Upscaling in Butere and Mumias Sub-counties

MAY 15, 2014 – MAY 16, 2014

ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL GUEST HOUSE, MUMIAS

KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014

Compiled by:

1. Prof. John H. Nderitu,

Mount Kenya University (MKU)

Lead Scientist

Collaborators:

2. Prof. Dorcas K. Isutsa,

Chuka University (CU)

3. Prof. Margaret J. Hutchinson,

University of Nairobi (UoN)

4. Dr. Darius Andika,

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST)

Focal Site Coordinator

5. Dr. Esther Kioko and Dr. Patrick N. Muthoka,

National Museums of Kenya (NMK)

6. Prof. Richard M. S. Mulwa and Dr. Joseph W. Matofari,

Egerton University (EU)

7. Dr. Fredrick Musieba,

Kenya Industrial Research & Development Institute (KIRDI)

8. Mr. Joseph Wanyeki,

East Africa Nutraceuticals (EAN)

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THE KAPAP VEGETABLE PROJECT COLLABORATORS AND PARTNERS

LEAD ORGANIZATION Mount Kenya University, Thika

COLLABORATORS A N D PARTNERS ORGANIZATIONS

CONTACT INFORMATION

1 Prof. Dorcas K. Isutsa Chuka University Tel: 0721-252 293

E-mail: [email protected]

2 Prof. Margaret J.

Hutchinson University of Nairobi, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences,

Nairobi

Tel: 0722-2710591

Email: [email protected]

3 Dr. Darius O. Andika Jaramogi Oginga Odinga

University of Science and

Technology

Tel: 0721-533596


4 Prof. John H. Nderitu (Lead scientist)

Mount Kenya University, Thika Tel: 0722-308581


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Dr. Esther Kioko and

Dr. Patrick N. Muthoka

National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi Tel. 0722-617508

Email: [email protected]

Tel. 0729-382882

[email protected] 6 Prof. Richard M. S.

Mulwa & Dr. Joseph

W. Matofari

Egerton University, Egerton Tel: 722-557037


7 Dr. Fredrick Musieba Kenya Industrial Research &

Development Institute, Nairobi

Tel: 0733-311-087


8 Mr. Joseph Wanyeki East Africa Nutraceuticals (EAN),

Nairobi

Tel. 0722-856513


mmm

mailto:[email protected]









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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The KAPAP vegetable Project team sincerely appreciates:

KAPAP Secretariat for providing the funds,

Organizers of the workshop for the sterling efforts made,

KAPAP Regional Coordinating Unit and State Department of Agriculture, Kakamega

County for their contribution

Farmers for finding time to participants

St. Mary`s Hospital Guest House Mumias for hosting this workshop

Collaborating researchers for availing themselves and the employers for allowing them

time to spend on this project

Local community for positively welcoming the research team during field visits

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE KAPAP VEGETABLE PROJECT COLLABORATORS AND PARTNERS . 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 3

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5

DAY 1 .................................................................................................................................... 6

WELCOME REMARKS ..................................................................................................... 6

Objectives of the workshop ............................................................................................... 6

Expected outcomes ............................................................................................................ 6

OPENING REMARKS........................................................................................................ 6

Constraints to AIVs Value Chain ........................................................................................ 7

Objectives of the project .................................................................................................... 7

Expected outcomes of the project ..................................................................................... 8

Research Plan/Methodology ............................................................................................... 8

KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS ..................................................................................... 10

Presentation by Mr. Ernest M. Aginga, ............................................................................. 10

Presentation by Mr. James Libaako ................................................................................... 12

PRESENTATION OF PROGRESS REPORTS BY COLLABORATORS ............ 14

Prof. R.M.S. Mulwa & Dr. J.M. Matofari (Spider Plant) ..................................................... 14

Egerton University ............................................................................................................ 14

Dr. Fredrick Musieba, Stella Wanjiku, Knight Moraa, Bitutu Nyambane (Mushrooms) .. 16

P. N. Muthoka, E. N. Kioko (Amaranth) .......................................................................... 19

National Museums of Kenya ............................................................................................. 19

Prof. Margaret Jesang Hutchinson & Kirakou Stanley (Cow Pea) .................................... 21

University of Nairobi ........................................................................................................ 21

Kirimi, J.K., Isutsa, D. K. & Nyende, A. B. (Pumpkins) ..................................................... 23

Chuka University & JKUAT .............................................................................................. 23

Dr. Andika D.O (Nightshades) ......................................................................................... 28

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology ...................................... 28

Prof. John Nderitu (Mount Kenya University), Prof. James Muthomi (University of

Nairobi) and Mr Bernard Ouma Ogala (University of Nairobi) ...................................... 29

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UPSCALING

PROPOSAL ........................................................................................................................ 30

Presented by Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST) .................................................................. 30

Paradigm shift from Phase 1 value chain vegetable project .............................................. 30

Problem statement: Identified opportunities for deepening ............................................ 30

Overall objective ............................................................................................................... 31

Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 31

Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 32

Implementing Institutions and specific activities ............................................................... 32

DISCUSSIONS ON DEEPENING AND UPSCALING ........................................... 32

Action Points ..................................................................................................................... 34

CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD .................................................................... 34

VOTE OF THANKS ......................................................................................................... 35

FIELD VISITS AND MEETING WITH FARMERS ................................................... 36

ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................... 37

Annex I: Programme ......................................................................................................... 38

Annex II: List of participants ............................................................................................. 39

Annex III. Invitation Letter ............................................................................................... 41

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INTRODUCTION

In response to a call for competitive grant research proposals by the Kenya Agricultural Productivity

and Agribusiness Project (KAPAP) in 2010, Mount Kenya University (MKU), University of Nairobi,

Chuka University, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology University, Egerton

University, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) and National Museums of

Kenya (NMK) prepared a joint research project proposal which was successfully reviewed and

approved for financial support.

The title of the project was “Enhancing production, value addition and marketing of indigenous

vegetables (Cowpeas, spider plant, nightshades, amaranth, pumpkins), French beans and

mushrooms among small holder farmers in Kenya”. The project locations were in Siaya County,

Homa Bay County, Kilifi County, Nyeri County, Meru County, Kakamega County and Embu County.

The main project activities included crop improvement, agronomic practices, value addition, marketing

and dissemination of research results.

Despite the achievements of the first phase, several challenges were still experienced. This necessitated

KAPAP to invite proposals on deepening and upscaling on some of the problems identified in the

Vegetable Value Chain in the phase I. Deepening and upscaling phase will focus on improvement of

seed supply systems and ensuring availability of clean planting materials, identifying and applying post-

harvest technologies that minimize losses, diversifying products from AIV and linking farmers to

markets. Information sharing, good agricultural practices and market access for decision making by

farmers will also be enhanced. Focusing on these areas will ensure increased productivity and incomes

for improved livelihood of the target areas.

In the first phase, the project activities were spread out in seven counties in the country making it difficult to realize impact to the target communities. In the deepening and upscaling phase, the

collaborators will focus their activities on seed systems, agronomic aspects of growing AIVs, post-

harvest handling, transportation and marketing in the Butere and Mumias sub counties in Kakamega

County, which is considered to be the AIVs hub in the country, to build synergisms and create impact.

On 15 – 16th May, 2014, the planning workshop for the AIVs value chain was held at St. Mary`s

Hospital Guest House, Mumias, Kakamega County. This report provides a summary of the major

activities and results of the workshop.

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DAY 1

WELCOME REMARKS

Dr. Darius Andika, Focal Site Coordinator of JOOUST, opened the workshop by welcoming the

participants to the Mumias and Butere Sub Counties being the focal site of the project. He highlighted

the objectives and the expected outcomes of the workshop.

Objectives of the workshop

Collaborators to interact with stakeholders

Collaborators to familiarize with focal area (Mumias and Butere Sub-counties)

Learn and share on value of AIVs and how they can turn households in to economic and food

security strongholds.

Plan on implementation of the project with stakeholders

Expected outcomes

Field visits by collaborators on selected farms/sites

Meeting with farmers to discuss key challenges on AIVs

Action plan by collaborators on how to move forward

Benefits on farmers and other stakeholders

OPENING REMARKS

The workshop was opened by Prof. John Nderitu of MKU, who highlighted the background and

objectives of the first phase of Vegetable Value Chain (VVC) research project and the link between

the first phase and the Deepening and Upscaling phase. The project brings together eight institutions,

which are expected to undertake the implementation of the deepening and upscaling phase to achieve

greater and sustainable impact in the lives of AIVs smallholder farmers at the focal site.

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He highlighted the background of the first phase, outlining different aspects of the proposal as indicated below:

Constraints to AIVs Value Chain

1. Indigenous vegetables

Quality planting materials and agronomic packages.

Limited value addition & post-harvest handling technologies.

Poor marketing and distribution channels.

Negative perception and low acceptability.

2. Mushrooms

Lack of adequate supply of quality spawn.

Limited production technologies.

Limited value addition and postharvest handling technologies.

3. French beans

Overuse and misuse of pesticides for management of pests.

Lack of awareness on local utilization.

Limited postharvest practices and value addition.

Objectives of the project Overall objective

To increase production, value addition, marketing and utilization of indigenous vegetables,

French beans and mushroom products among smallholder farmers in Kenya.

Specific Objectives

1. To enhance safe production of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products through IPM practices.

2. To improve postharvest handling, value addition and utilization of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products.

3. To enhance marketing opportunities for indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushrooms

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among smallholder farmers.

4. To enhance mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the indigenous vegetable, French beans and mushroom value chain.

5. To undertake initial project screening with a view to identifying environmental, social and gender concerns that must be addressed together with the pests in the proposed research

project.

Expected outcomes of the project

Availability of high quality and affordable seed and spawn for IVs, French beans, and

mushrooms, respectively.

Reduced vegetable postharvest loses along the value chain and increased volumes of high quality vegetables in markets.

Increased range of vegetable products and per capita consumption.

Increased smallholder and community awareness and consumption of IVs, French beans and mushrooms; and overall improved incomes from vegetable enterprises disaggregated by

gender.

Improved food safety and acceptability of the indigenous vegetables along the Value Chain within an expanded market catchment.

Drawing strength in their numbers to achieve major milestones that will impact the lives of smallholder farmers and other stakeholders positively in the near future.

Research Plan/Methodology

Project Sites Homa Bay, Kakamega, Tharaka, Nyeri, Kilifi, Embu and Siaya Counties.

Outputs and Activities

1.0 Crop improvement

1.1. Germplasm collection, evaluation, and selection of IV varieties and mushroom spawn for

production.

1.2. Farmer participatory seed bulking and distribution of selected pure lines for IVs.

2.0 Agronomic Practices

2.1. On-farm evaluation of cropping systems for IVs, French beans and mushrooms.

2.2. On-farm trials on integrated soil, water and nutrient management for French beans and

pumpkins. 2.3. On-farm trials on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) options for French beans.

3. Improvement of Postharvest Handling Technologies

3.1. On-farm evaluation of low cost produce handling sheds.

3.2. Evaluate shed covering materials.

3.3. Evaluate existing bulk packaging materials and promote the best bets.

3.4. Develop, evaluate and promote new bulk packaging technologies.

4. Improvement of value addition

4.1. Improve utility packaging technologies.

4.2. Evaluate utility packaging materials and methods.

4.3. Conduct consumer preference on packaging materials and methods.

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4.4. Evaluate product transformation technologies.

4.5. Evaluate vegetable dehydration methods and promote the best bests.

4.6. Evaluate milling and blending options for dried IVs and mushrooms.

5. Improvement of product quality and utilization

5.1. Develop quality guidelines for IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain.

5.2. Conduct quality evaluation of IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain.

5.3. Develop improved vegetable recipes.

5.4. Evaluate sensory qualities of the finished vegetable products.

5.5. Analyze the nutritional integrity of vegetable products.

5.6. Evaluate the shelf life of the vegetable products.

6. Improve marketing opportunities for the vegetables

6.1. Develop supplier-buyer databases.

6.2. Analyze produce volumes and pricing trends.

6.3. Determine competing vegetable products.

6.4. Conduct consumer preference profiling and marketing platforms.

6.5. Evaluate farmer market organization models.

6.6. Evaluate efficiency of market outlets.

7. Increase information, communication & knowledge sharing along the vegetable value chain

7.1. Needs assessment of vegetable value chain.

7.2. Package information for various VVC actors.

7.3. Identify effective communication strategies for the VVC actors and operators.

7.4. Produce communication materials for the VVC actors and operators.

7.5. Transmit information using different media.

7.6. Train chain actors in agronomic practices, post-harvest handling, value addition and

marketing.

7.7. Train chain actors in agribusiness in IVs, mushrooms and French beans.

7.8. Formulate an IPMP that is uniform and adopted for all actors in the vegetable value chain.

He further noted that individual collaborators have started working on various components in the phase

I of the project. He summarized the keys areas of deepening and upscaling in the AIVs Value Chain as

outlined below:

Seed bulking

Value addition

Enhancing marketing strategies

Have all collaborators work on focal point in the Butere-Mumias region

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KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS

Presentation by Mr. Ernest M. Aginga, State Department of Agriculture, Kakamega County

Title of the Presentation – “Vegetable Production in Kakamega County”

Summary of the Presentation

Nutritional importance of AIVs in terms of Vitamins

Production conditions and AEZ in Kakamega county

County local vegetable demand (current production is below nutritional demand) and indicative

Production (Khwisero)

Local vegetable value chain actors - their role in AIV production and local vegetable marketing

outlets

Constraints to production- low land hectarage, weather, lack of irrigation equipment, individual

marketing, unorganized transport system, no cooling plants

Way forward

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•

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Way forward for AIVs in Kakamega County

Double land under local vegetable production

Promote and match organic manure with target acreage.

Promote and support small on-farm irrigation

Organize farmers in groups for ease of marketing.

Support local vegetable producers on transport with cooling plants

Policy formulation and implementation.

Presentation by Mr. James Libaako KAPAP RSU Coordinator, Butere-Mumias Sub-County

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Summary of the Presentation

Brief on Butere-Mumias region, basic data

KAPAP launched in Dec 2010 a 5 year program

Demand for local market is not met

In the Phase I the Farmer grant released was Kshs. 8.6M (with Kshs 1.2M dedicated for AIV

production). The grant for component II is estimated at Kshs. 20M with Kshs. 5M to be directed

per value chain

Operates in 28 locations

Administration of Program is through RASPSC

Implementation progress so far includes program launch and RASPSC commissioning

Background information

Butere-Mumias Region is comprised of four administrative districts; Butere, Khwisero, Mumias

and Matungu.

Falls within Kakamega county of Western Kenya

KAPAP launched in early December 2010

Basic data Butere Mumias

RSU administrative structures

Staff: 3 officers have been deployed namely – Coordinator, M&EO and Accountant. Farmer grant disbursed was Ksh 8.6M (Grant 1)

Grant two – Kshs 20M

Implementation progress

Project launched successfully

RASPSC commissioned

10 DTTS formed

10 CRAs carried out

CIAPs studied and anlyzed by the RSU

EOI s prepared, advertised and evaluated by RTT/district procurement office

RSU/SPs training meeting CIAP presented and CIG formation meetings carried out at zonal level

10 PPW at divisional level completed

1 regional farmer workshop carried out to elect regional leaders

Constitution for the value chains finalized with technical input from DSDO

Implementation progress cont’d

2 RASPSC review meeting were held

Farmers mobilized and farmer management structures put in place

Grant two progress

Farmer Co-operatives registered.

Business plans developed

Membership drives and share contribution on going.

Challenges

Rising inflation which has led to rise in fuel pump price and therefore less fuel drawn compared

to fuel budgeted.

The slow procurement process of extension service provision

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PRESENTATION OF PROGRESS REPORTS BY COLLABORATORS

Prof. R.M.S. Mulwa & Dr. J.M. Matofari (Spider Plant)

Egerton University

Group objectives

Enhancing production of spider plant vegetable & products.

Improving post-harvest handling, value addition and utilization of spider plant vegetable products.

Enhancing marketing opportunities for spider plant vegetable for smallholder farmers.

Enhancing mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the spider

plant vegetable value chain.

Spider plant objectives

1. To mainstream technologies in spider plant culture for increased seed and vegetable production

2. To introduce modern post-harvest handling and value addition techniques in spider plant for

enhanced utilization 3. To strengthen farmer driven marketing opportunities for spider plant vegetable.

Spider plant issues summary

Absence/ limited seed supply

Low production/ productivity

Lack of quality vegetable presentation for enhanced acceptance

Lack of appropriate post-harvest and processing technologies

Activities so far

Project County – Homa Bay

Selection of project partners – Farmers’ CBOs

3 selected

Currently working with 3 CBOs

Sangare View women group - Kendu Bay

Kabondo KAMDeP group - group of 20 CBOs

Hadadi women group - Oyugis

Activities

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Spider plant production technology mainstreaming

Planting bed preparation

Incorporation of Nutrient and Soil management practices

Seed sowing and early crop care

Production technology

Completed beds/ sowing

Newly established field – Kendu Bay

Intervention for low productivity

Extension of vegetative phase to increase vegetable production

On station experiments – MSc student (Carol Mutua) : Thesis topic: Effect of Deflowering and

NPK rates on vegetative phase extension of spider plant

Showing promise of increasing productivity.

High marketable crop yields achieved = 12 - 19 tonnes vs 2.5 - 4 tonnes/ha reported.

Possible yields can be 30 tonnes/ha

Low productivity - Extension of vegetative phase – increasing vegetable productivity

Deflowered crop at Egerton University

Issue - Bulk Handling

Issue - Market presentation

Interventions: Mainstream use of hygienic produce crates & packaging bags

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Issue - Clean seed production

Harvested seed at Egerton University

Seed work results

Institutional produce seed better quality than what farmers produced even after training (1000

seed weight, germination, seed/seedling vigour)

Reason – strict management practices difficult for farmers to adhere to unless there is

specialization.

Varied seed quality from farmers’ fields because of wide soil variations.

Issue - Variety development

Farmer trainings

Production technologies for traditional vegetables.

Seed production for traditional vegetables.

Post-harvest handling, preservation and safety of traditional/ indigenous vegetables.

Farm records for agri-business.

Video documentation

Challenges

Logistics – Project area is far from the project team base – several logistical challenges.

Project syndrome developing among some farmer groups Financial – lately University subsistence rates have changed; difficult to get drivers to commit to

field activities on the old rates budgeted in the project.

Next phase - Post harvest handling and value Addition

Evaluate modern bulk handling & utility packaging practices at the market place – consumer

perceptions

MSc. Student (Food Science): Vegetable processing technologies to evaluate:

Blanching and drying; Drying – solar, sun drying; Milling and mixes

Farmer trainings on post-harvest handling and value addition techniques

Tangible benefits to farmers

Dairy goat cross

Dr. Fredrick Musieba, Stella Wanjiku, Knight Moraa, Bitutu Nyambane (Mushrooms)

KIRDI

Dr. Musieba gave outline of his presentation and progressed to highlight key issues of their research as

outlined below;

Introduction

Although mushrooms are appreciated in Kenya for their nutritional properties and economic

potential; their production, marketing, and widespread utilization face a number of challenges.

Key challenges include:

Poor quality spawn.

Undiversified species and product range.

Low yields and quality of produce.

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Overall objective

To increase production, value addition, marketing and utilization of indigenous mushroom

products among smallholder farmers in Kakamega County.

Specific objectives

1. To improve safe production of indigenous mushroom products through IPM practices

2. To improve postharvest handling, value addition and utilization of indigenous mushroom products.

3. To develop marketing opportunities for indigenous mushrooms among smallholder farmers.

4. To develop mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the

indigenous mushroom value chain.

5. To undertake initial project screening with a view to identifying environmental, social and gender

concerns that must be addressed by the proposed research project. Subsequently, develop

collaboratively an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) that must be shared and implemented amongst the various collaborators as well as shared and imparted to the other stakeholders who

will be involved in this research

Expected outputs

Production of indigenous mushrooms products improved through IPM approaches.

Postharvest handling, value addition and utilization of indigenous mushroom products improved.

Marketing opportunities for indigenous mushroom products developed.

Mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing on mushrooms along the

vegetable value chain developed.

Environmental, social, gender and food safety concerns identified and sustainable strategies to

address them undertaken.

Summary of activities undertaken

Project Inception workshop – September 2011.

Household, consumer and trader survey in January and February 2012.

Germplasm collection and characterization-April– May 2012.

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Germplasm evaluation-1st trial-June-July 2012 and 2nd trial-August- December 2012.

Survey of insect pests and implementation of IPM strategy- November, 2012 to December, 2013.

Bulking and distribution of mushroom spawn at Butere-September 2013 and April 2014.

Transformation of mushrooms into diverse products- June-December, 2013.

Ethno-mycological studies on wild edible mushrooms in Kakamega County

All the respondents had knowledge that mushrooms grew seasonally in the wild and their role

was just to harvest.

Mushrooms collection and utilization governed by beliefs.

Wild edible mushrooms are gradually disappearing from their natural habitat because of

agricultural activities.

Nine eight percent (98%) of the respondents expressed interest in learning how to cultivate

mushrooms.

Germplasm collection, evaluation and selection

Mushroom germplasm were collected from 7 sites in Kakamega County from 30/4/12 to 2/5/12.

Protocol outlined by Mueller et al. (2004) was followed.

Germplasm were characterized according to protocols outlined by Lorge et al. (2004).

Evaluation and selection trials were done at KIRDI South B Campus, Nairobi.

Pest management

Identification of insect pests of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Western Kenya and

development of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy.

Phorids were the major oyster mushroom pests in Butere Sub County.

Incubation phase of oyster mushroom was the most susceptible stage to pest infestation.

IPM as a pest control strategy enhanced the control of the phorids and sciarids.

Product transformation technologies

The following products have been developed from mushrooms

Dried whole mushrooms- oyster and button

Mushroom flakes

Plate 1: Sciaridae dark coloured, a-wing venation with v-shaped veins at the center, b- side view of the

sciaridae of long legs, short broad segment antennae with eyes at the base of the antennae

a b

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Mushroom powder

Dried Mushroom vegetable mixes

Composite flours

Mushroom seasoning

Composite bread

Nutritional and quality evaluation of wheat bread supplemented with oyster mushroom Findings on composite bread

Moisture content decreased with increase in mushroom portion in the wheat-mushroom

blends.

Total ash content increased with increased amount of mushroom in the composite bread.

Product quality and utilization

Easy to prepare recipes were formulated using locally available ingredients.

The recipes incorporated baked products, red meat, white meat, stir fries, vegetables, starches

such as rice, wheat and maize meal.

The prepared dishes were presented to KIRDI staff for evaluation and the successful ones

compiled into a book.

Institutions

Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Project (KAPAP)

Collaborators in the Vegetables value chain

P. N. Muthoka, E. N. Kioko (Amaranth)

National Museums of Kenya

Dr. Muthoka outlined progress of their research on amaranth as indicated below;

Project Objectives

To improve safe production of amaranth through IPM practices

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To undertake amaranth germplasm collection, identification and evaluation

To strengthen farmer driven participatory seed selection and bulking

Distribution of some Amaranthus species in Kenya

Enhancing amaranth Production and IPM

Ruiri and Nchoroiboro farmers engaged in amaranth farming using seed from Incas and local

supplies.

Third site identified in Kithoka and farmers trained in amaranth growing and preparation of the

vegetable and initial planting done with A. dubius seeds from Simlaw Seed Company.

Three meetings held with the new group on 10/10/2013, 21/11/2013 and 5th

December 2013 -

the core activities were farmers training on post-harvest handling, agronomic practices and

marketing. On 5th

December 2013, Baseline survey on the adoption and marketing of the leafy

Amaranth was conducted by administering 30 questionnaires to the group members.

On 10/10/2013, 37 tins each of 50 grams of A. dubius seeds supplied to the Kithoka group

members for planting. Repeated for the current season.

Data on insect pests of amaranth finalised.

Identification of amaranth insect pests done using the NMK reference collection and bar coding

techniques.

Demonstration plots at Meru National Museums maintained to date

Approach in Knowledge Production in amaranth Enhanced

MSc - the adoption of improved amaranth among small scale farmers in Buuri district, Meru

county, submitted at Egerton University in September 2013

MSc - effect of fertilizer application and spacing on the yield of vegetable Amaranth in Imenti

North (Kenya Methodist University, 2013)

MSc. IPM approach of amaranth insect pests in Meru County Kenya, JKUAT-2012

Proposed – preliminary breeding / seed quality on farm

Collection of Amaranthus insect pests and natural enemies

Partnerships

3 community groups- Nchoroiboro, Ruiri, Kithoka

Meru University College – IPM study

Farm Concern International

Kenya Methodist University

Egerton University

Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology

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Proposed - Maseno university

Prof. Margaret Jesang Hutchinson & Kirakou Stanley (Cow Pea)

University of Nairobi

Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, is the second most important pulse crop in tropical Africa

after common beans.

Like other AIVS, cowpea possess superior nutritional and health benefits (Rangel et al., 2003)

Can be grown as a dual-purpose or single

Phase 1 Achievements

Out of 32 local cowpea accessions in Kilifi and Mombasa counties, 4 of them were selected for

a) Superior yields and popularity with the local farmers and consumers

b) Improved agronomic trials conducted by the MSc student – Mr. Francis Muniu and

data is now being analyzed

c) Marketing channels have been identified

d) Seed bulking by farmers is to start later this month

Phase 2: Contract areas -

1. Provision of cow pea seeds for bulking-challenge

2. Cowpea information packaging

3. Contribute to training chain actors in agronomic practices, post-harvest handling and value

addition at the proposed project focal area.

Effect of cultural practices on seed quality

Quality seed production is the basis of proper seed germination, plant population and yield.

We are concerned with identifying the cultural practises that influence seed quality. We will

be involved in monitoring and assessing the following factors in conjunction with the farmers

i. Weeding on purity of seeds

ii. Crop protection during and after harvest determines seed quality and germination

(cowpea bruchid-Callosobruchus spp. and weevils)

iii. The stage at harvest influences the viability of seeds

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iv. Moisture content, physical injury, pathological breakdown and time of seed storage

dictates seed viability

We will organize farmers to carry out timely and planned cultural practises to enhance quality of

seeds

Seed packaging technologies and seed bulking

There has been inconsistent supply of quality seed for most AIVs. Farmers will be taken through

some of seed packaging technologies to achieve the goals of bulking;

Specialization as a key factor in order to produce required volumes and quality (Isubikalu et al.,

1999)

Emphasis will be on post-harvest handling of seed which is a prerequisite for seed quality (drying,

cleaning, sorting, insecticide and fungicide coating)

Seeds are living. Packaging in respect to gaseous exchange is critical in addition to seed protection

Pre-harvest factors on post-harvest quality

Laboratory testing and visual examination will be done to ascertain the effects of some of the

following practises on post-harvest quality

Irrigation, excess-brittle hence high susceptibility to damage vs inadequate

Soil fertility and fertilization (nitrogen-inadequate yellowing)

Stage of harvest vs quality

Pest and disease management Weed control

Planting density and sanitation

Development of business opportunities, entrepreneurship

We will train and advocate for farmers to specialize and be the best in that specific field. The

following are some of the specialized sections:

i. Seed production

ii. leafy production for sale and household consumption or for fodder

iii. Crop protection-IPM strategies

iv. Post-harvest handling and techniques

v. Value addition and structures

vi. Market research and marketing intermediary practises

vii. Transportation and storage

We will organize farmers to identifying their strong working sections considering their abilities.

Media involvement

We are looking at the feasibility of disseminating critical information through local media such as

West FM and Mulembe FM by organizing written and oral messages.

Post-harvest handling, value addition and market research

We will conduct experiments on the importance and techniques of temperature control on the

farm and during marketing.

Sensitizing farmers on packaging as a factor of improving shelf life and reduction of physical

injuries for distant markets

Avoidance of physical injuries along the value chain

Maintenance of a cold chain system especially when the produce is in bulk with definite market

to maintain the metabolic reaction at minimum

23


Maintenance of proper hygiene to avoid pathological breakdown

Development of vibrant farmer organization to deal with market research, information and

bargaining

Sensitization on the alternative uses of the crop-animal feed, drying, fortification, development of

jam products from seeds

Overview of the project activities

Issues to be addressed

Identification of a source of locally-adapted seed that can be supplied to farmers

Output 4 Development of Marketing and agribusiness opportunities for indigenous vegetables

Identification of business opportunities along AIV value chain – MSc student

Conclusion

Cowpea is a crop that can transform food and nutrition security of communities

Kirimi, J.K., Isutsa, D. K. & Nyende, A. B. (Pumpkins)

Chuka University & JKUAT

Project Title: Collection, characterization and evaluation of Kenyan naturalized multi-purpose pumpkin

(Cucurbita moschata duch.)

Objective of the study

Identification, characterization, evaluation and multiplying of seeds of multi-purpose pumpkin

preferred by smallholder farmers in Kenya for food security and agribusiness opportunities

creation.

Germplasm Collection

Germplasm was collected randomly in Western and Central Kenya from two divisions in 10

districts.

The acquisitions were planted on the Chuka University Research Farm to provide material for

characterization.

Biodiversity International Descriptors were used in characterization.

24


Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques were incorporated in the surveys, and included key

informant interviews and checklists.

Specific information included practices, problems, ethno-botanic knowledge, constraints and

opportunities in pumpkin production and utilization.

Twenty farmers identified through purposive sampling with the help of FEOs were sampled in

each County on the basis of their interest and the constraints that needed to be addressed.

Known pumpkin farmers were deliberately included and helped in the identification traditional

pumpkins being grown and introduced.

Farmers gave general description of their pumpkin, whether it was different from other local ones

grown in surrounding villages or places, seed management during drought periods, and differences

between present-day and past-day landraces.

Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin fruits of the landraces were collected, labeled and transported to the

laboratory.

Morphological Characterization

A total of 155 collections were made with 70 accessions from Kakamega and 85 accessions from

Nyeri County.

Morphological characterization and evaluation was done on-farm in completely randomized

design, replicated three times.

Five plants per accession were selected and tagged for morphological characterization and

evaluation based on biodiversity descriptors for cucurbits. Planting for morphological characterization was done on 23 May, 2012 and recording of vegetative

characteristics, commenced 20 days after emergence.

The characters measured included vegetative, stem, root, inflorescence, fruit and seed characters.

Results

Morphological Traits

Morphological variation of fruits was great. Fruit length to width ratio and fruit weight

ranged from 0.6-3 cm and 0.25-19.25 kg per accession, respectively.

Variation of peduncle length and total fruit weight was 5.55 cm and 145.65 kg per

accession, respectively.

Most accessions (101) had variable leaf colour i.e. green with silvery strips.

Accessions (88) showed moderate senescence when fruits matured with 44 accessions

portraying conspicuous concurrent senescence.

In all the accessions, the sex type was monoecious male and female, with most flowers

being mostly male.

Most male flowers were early compared to female flowers. Only 9 accessions which had

female flowers appearing before the male flowers

Flower colour varied; most accessions (101) had orange colour flowers.

Predominant fruit shape (38 accessions) was globular shape.

Most accessions (42) had an average fruit size averaging 1.2 kg.

Only one accession matured after 91-110 days, 125 accessions matured above 110 days

due to long dry spell experienced during the growing period.

Accessions (99) showed the ability to regenerate second fruit cycle leaves and male

flowers.

25


Predominant fruit skin colour at maturity, ranged from green to orange, speckled to

striped. Fruit surface ranged smooth to warty and internal flesh colour from white to

yellow.

Main colour of flesh and flesh colour of outer layer ranged from yellow to salmon (pink-

red).

All the accessions had fruit vein tracks and peduncle abscision when overripe.

Deep fruit ribbing occurred in 40 accessions and 69 accessions had small blossom scars.

Kakamega accessions produced more total fruits per plant (310 kg) compared to the

Nyeri accessions (183.75 kg).

The minimum and maximum fruit weight in Kakamega was 0.5 kg and 19.25 kg,

respectively; Nyeri had 0.25 and 8 kg, respectively.

The mean fruit weight for the Kakamega accessions was 4.8 kg and the Nyeri accessions

were 2.96 kg.

It took more days for fruit from the Nyeri region to mature.

Kakamega accessions had thicker fleshed fruits and showed more variation.

Nyeri accessions showed variation in days to first flowering, maturation period, and stem

thickness

Molecular Characterization

The accessions collected for DNA extraction were 139 out of the 155 Planted.

Some accessions failed to germinate and others died before the leaf plucking stage. One accession was a butter nut (exotic cultivar) hence not included.

DNA was extracted using the CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide) protocol and

the presence of DNA from the samples was confirmed by use of Horizontal Agarose Gel

Electrophoresis is method.

The percentage for the gel was 0.8 % agorose gel (0.8g agorose diluted in 100ml of TAE).

The Samples which didn’t confirm the presence of DNA were re extracted once more

until the presence of DNA was confirmed.

Primers

A total of five microsatellite SSR primer pairs (Table 1) and 7 ISSR primers (Table 2) were

used to amplify the extracted DNA samples.

SSR amplified band sizes for both Kakamega and Nyeri accessions ranged between 100 to

500 base pairs. Primer PKCT-62 and PKCT-111 had the lowest amplified band sizes for

both locations.

ISSR primers were more polymorphic with the lowest band size ranging between 200-500

base pairs and the highest range between 1200 to 2000 base pairs.

ISSR 17898B and ISSR 17899A had the highest band range of 2000 base pairs. ISSR 814A

had band sizes within the range of 500-1200 base pairs

Primers ISSR 844A, ISSR 844B, 17898A and ISSR 17899B had bands with lower range of

between 200-500bp.

Polymorphism of Primers

Alleles per locus ranged from 1 for markers PKCT-47, PKCT-62 and PKCT-133 to 2 for

marker PKCT-111 & PKCT-122 for KK Accessions.

Alleles per locus ranged from 1 for markers PKCT-111 and PKCT-133, 2 alleles per locus

for PKCT-122, 3 to 4 for PKCT-47, 2 and 3 for PKCT-62 for Nyeri Accessions.

There was observed heterozygozity for marker PKCT-111 and PCKT-122, and

homozygozity for marker PKCT-4, PKCT-62 & PKCT-133 for KK accessions.

26


Nyeri accessions heterozygozity was observed for marker PKCT-47, PKCT-62 and PKCT-

122.

PKCT-111 and PKCT-133 showed only single bands for the Nyeri accessions.

PKCT-122 had the most polymorphic bands in both locations with the Nyeri accessions

having the most polymorphic bands (53) and 25 bands for Kakamega accessions.

All the ISSR bands were polymorphic ranging from 1 to 7 bands.

For the Kakamega accessions ISSR 17898 all the bands were polymorphic (Table 3).

ISSR 814A had the most Monomorphic bands with ISSR 17899A having the most

polymorphic bands in total for both Kakamega and Nyeri accessions.

The ISSR primers are very polymorphic as they amplify many alleles on different DNA

locus.

Polymorphic Information Content (PIC)

Marker PKCT-47 revealed the highest polymorphic information content (PIC), while

marker PKCT-62 had the lowest PIC among the SSR Primers.

PKCT-111, 122 and 133 had no PIC.

PKCT-111 and 122 were only biallelic and PKCT-133 was monoallelic.

The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 4 for PKCT-47, 2 and 3 for PKCT-62

A total of 526 alleles were detected using the 5 SSR primers.

The average polymorphism rate was 21.3% among the 139 genotypes.

The number of allele band fragments detected by a single primer set ranged from 1 - 4, with a mean number of alleles per primer pair of 105.2 (Table 5).

PKCT-47 primer pair identified 4 fragments (4 alleles/primer) than any of the other primer

pair used.

PKCT-122 primer pair identified 2 fragments (2 alleles/primer) per loci and had highest

number of polymorphic bands (78).

The PIC value for SSR primers in this study was between 0.62 (PKCT-47) and 0.38 (PKCT-

62), with a mean value of 0.5 (Table 5).

The two primers were able to detect variations in the accessions more than any other

primer pair

ISSR analysis generated a total of 509 alleles, and the polymorphism rate was 74.01%.

The number of fragments produced by each primer varied from 2 for all the 7 ISSR

primers to 7 (ISSR 844B and ISSR 17898A), with a mean of total amplified bands of 72.7

All the ISSR primers detected variations in the accessions (139) with a mean PIC of 0.597.

The PIC value for ISSR primers was between 0.50 (ISSR 844B and ISSR 17899B) and 0.72

(ISSR 844A).

The number of alleles detected by a single primer set ranged from 1- 7, with a mean

number of polymorphic bands per primer of 53.

Results on Field Evaluation

Comparing Kakamega and Embu, Kakamega took longer for seed germination (7 days) and

days to fruit maturity (89 days).

Kakamega accessions were higher yielding Compared to Nyeri..

Kakamega accessions took fewer days to flowering (61 days), and they had higher number of both female and male flowers in both seasons.

The average fruit weight (1.5 kgs), Total fruit weight per plant (3.99 kgs) and the average

number of fruits per plant (3) were high at Kakamega.

27


The number of seeds per fruit per plant (291) was high with a low 100 seed weight (12.45

Gms) on average at the Kakamega region.

There was no significant difference on the number of nodes. Internode length (15.88 cm)

was high at the Kakamega region.

Fruit length (21.5 cm) and fruit width (15.2 cm) were high at the Kakamega an indication

that fruits were large in size compared to the Nyeri region fruits.

Kakamega accessions had a larger number of leaves (216) and high biological yield (377.58

Gms).

The main vine length (597.17 cm) was higher at Kakamega.

Nyeri region had longer vegetative period (184 days)

Molecular Characterization

Combining SSR and ISSR primer reveal 4 main clusters with many sub clusters showing the

similarity and dissimilarity of accessions from both Kakamega and Nyeri Regions

The Dendogram shows that various pumpkin cultivars have great variations not only

morphologically but also genotypically.

The Dendogram also shows that some cultivars collected from both regions were similar

genotypically.

The near the clusters and sub clusters shows close relationship and the further the

clusters shows distant relationship.

Accession Evaluation

The first evaluation was based on yield components and the general performance of the

accession based on pest and disease attack prevalence of the plant.

38 accessions which produced poorly, had high disease and pest prevalence based on

observation and their performance being poor were removed, leaving 101 out of the 139

accessions.

All the green leaved accessions which had very low yields ranging 0.5-1 kg and the poor

performers in the field were also removed.

The second evaluation entailed separating similar accessions based on the yield

performance.

High yielding accessions were selected and the low yielders removed and data was once

more analyzed for similarity.

Figure 2 shows data after third evaluation based on yield components.

DNA sequencing

The cultivars for sequencing will be evaluated by combining genetic similarity, yield

components and also the morphological appearance of the fruits.

Separation using the Dendogram gave 23 similar groups, high yielding plants will be

selected among the similar groups for DNA sequencing.

The plants which are low yielders and are morphologically different from the ones

selected will also be included to make total of 30 selected out the original 155 cultivars

which will be used for DNA sequencing.

Figure 3 shows the 23 similar groups upon which selection will be made.

Conclusions and Recommendations

Green-leafed accessions were susceptible to pests and had early fruits, but most aborted

prematurely, unlike variegated accessions and their fruit number averaged 1 per accession.

28


There is great variation in pumpkins in Kenya.

Cultivars are interbreeding a lot.

Conservation of naturalized germplasm needs to be expedited to save it from further distortion

and extinction.

Dr. Andika D.O (Nightshades)

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology

Dr. Andika D.O opened his presentation by outlining outline, the key research activities on the nightshade value chain which had been done;

Germplasm collection, evaluation, and selection of pure lines, on-farm evaluation of

cropping systems for nightshade,

Develop quality guidelines for IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain.

Conduct quality evaluation of IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain.

Develop improved vegetable recipes.

Analyze the nutritional integrity of vegetable products.

Improve marketing opportunities for the vegetables

Develop supplier-buyer databases.

Package information for various vegetable value chain actors.

29


Prof. John Nderitu (Mount Kenya University), Prof. James Muthomi (University of Nairobi)

and Mr Bernard Ouma Ogala (University of Nairobi)

Project Title: Thrips management practices in French bean production and efficacy of integrated pesticide application regimes in Embu East

Broad objectives

To determine efficacy of integrated pesticide regimes in managing thrips.

Specific objectives

1. To evaluate the efficacy of integrating biological, synthetic and botanical pesticides in management

of thrips.

2. Enhance capacity of French bean farmers and extension providers

Treatments

chemical plus biological pesticides

chemical plus botanical pesticides

conventional pesticide –

botanical plus biological

Biological pesticide

Control plots - no pesticide application.

Data collected

Growth parameters

Thrips population

Pod quality

Pod yield

Results

Effects of pesticide spray regimes on pod quality of French beans and effect of different pesticide

spray regimes on yield of French were reported.

Enhancing capacity of French bean farmers and extension service providers

30


Farmers Field School

Sensitization/awareness creation

33 farmers identified

Training were done once a week from planting to harvesting

Data collected

Gender

Factors affecting attendance

OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UPSCALING PROPOSAL

Presented by Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST)

Project title: Enhancing Production, Post-harvest Handling, Value Addition and Marketing of Indigenous

Vegetables (cowpea, spider plant, nightshades, amaranth, pumpkin), French Beans and Mushrooms among

Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

Paradigm shift from Phase 1 value chain vegetable project

Focal point area to be Butere Mumias Sub County for all activities of phase II.

Concentration of resources (physical, financial, human) in Butere and Mumias sub county

Identifying an innovation platform in the target area

Processor/Industrialist is a collaborator in this phase II

Linking/partnering the project with county service units (CSU) and service provider in the focal

area

Linking all the collaborators in the ongoing project for deepening and up-scaling phase

Linking youth investment group to bid for funds for agribusiness opportunities

Information platform to be set up at the focal area.

Problem statement: Identified opportunities for deepening

Seed supply systems and availability of clean planting materials

Post-harvest technologies to minimise losses

31


Value addition, markets and agribusiness opportunities (develop products from the vegetable,

fortification of other food products)

Climate change adaptation through preservation during peak periods

Communication and Information sharing, good agricultural practices and market access for

informed decision making by farmers

The collaborators in the current project will focus their activities on seed systems, soil fertility

management and IPM in the focal area of study to build synergisms between phase 1 and phase 2

Project Location

Kakamega County, Butere and Mumias sub-counties (AIVs hub in Western Kenya

Goal

Contribute to increased production, post-harvest handling marketing and utilization of

indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products to transform the vegetable

production subsector into a commercially oriented enterprise for food safety and nutrition

security, increased household incomes and employment creation, with due consideration of

environmental safeguards, social, and gender issues.

Overall objective

To increase seed supply, improve post-harvest handling and value addition, marketing and utilization of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products among

smallholder farmers in Kenya.

Specific Objectives

1) To increase availability and supply of clean seed through capacity building, improved

cultural practices, bulking, packaging, storage and distribution channels in the study focal

area.

2) To reduce post-harvest losses in AIVs, and mushrooms through promotion of better

post-harvest handling practices, storage, transport and preservation among small holder

IVs farmers.

3) To improve value addition and utilization of AIVs, and mushroom products through

development of innovative processed products with improved shelf life.

4) To develop markets, access and agribusiness opportunities for AIVs, French beans and

mushrooms among smallholder farmers.

5) To develop mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along

the indigenous vegetable and mushroom value chain.

Outputs

Output 1. Availability and supply of clean seed through capacity building, improved cultural practices,

bulking, storage and distribution channels in the study focal area improved

Output 2. Post-harvest losses in AIVs, and mushrooms through promotion of better post-harvest handling practices and appropriate technologies among small holder IVs farmers achieved

Output 3. Value addition and utilization of AIVs, and mushroom products through development of

innovative processed products with improved shelf life improved

Output 4. Marketing and agribusiness opportunities for indigenous vegetables, French beans and

mushroom products developed.

32


Output 5. Mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the indigenous

vegetable and mushroom value chain developed.

Outcomes

Reduced vegetable postharvest loses along the value chain and increased volumes of high quality

vegetables in markets in focal area in Butere and Mumias

Increased availability of clean AIV seeds for farmers involved in production in focal area in Butere

and Mumias

Increased range of vegetable products, business strategies and per capita consumption in focal

area in Butere and Mumias

Improved food safety and acceptability of the indigenous vegetables along the Value Chain within

an expanded market catchment.

Increased smallholder and community awareness and consumption of IVs and overall improved

incomes from vegetable enterprises disaggregated by gender.

Youth involvement in AIVs value chain

Implementing Institutions and specific activities

Mt. Kenya University

Chuka University

University of Nairobi

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science & Technology Egerton University

National Museums of Kenya

East African Nutraceuticals

Kenya Industrial Research & Development Institute

DISCUSSIONS ON DEEPENING AND UPSCALING

After the presentation on deepening and upscaling the participants were given opportunity to share their experiences on the issues raised. There were 43 participants in the plenary discussion.

The main issues that emerged during the discussions are summarized below:

Operationalize a one stop over AIV center at Ekero market center for AIV s collection, value addition and information sharing

Encourage and strengthen farmers ability to produce clean seed

Local germplasm of indigenous vegetables should be collected and conserved.

Local germplasm of indigenous vegetables should be characterized

morphologically and genetically

Incorporate KEBS and KEPHIS in seed quality management Bulking of clean seeds to be done in collaboration with the farmers

Sharing of germplasm within the regions to be encouraged

Collect farmers’ indigenous knowledge and add value to it Pests to be managed using IPM strategies.

Value addition studies to be incorporated in every crop value chain.

Commercialization: Emphasize marketing for income-generation/wealth creation.

33


Knowledge/information/lessons learnt during the studies to be cascaded to RSU’s not

covered by KAPAP Vegetables project, to benefit all concerned small-scale farmers in

the entire country.

There is need to consider socio-cultural issues, status and beliefs when promoting new

ideas/technologies. Economic status: If too low or high, no uptake by households.

Similarly, households that are well-off may not adopt the technologies.

There is need to adopt appropriate technologies: e.g. ash for preservation of seeds, solar

driers for drying the vegetables, bicycle propel chippers for processing the vegetables.

The information should be packaged in easily understandable modes.

Technologies developed should be disseminated widely.

Farmers to take charge of sourcing markets for their products.

Value addition was key to reduce the post-harvest losses.

County and national governments to work together to achieve the project objectives of

improving livelihoods of the AIV farmers

34


Action Points Each collaborator to recruit MSc. Students on the project

Each collaborator to provide seed materials to the farmers at focal site for bulking

Each collaborator to provide an implementation plan at the focal site

Researchers should get to work. Clock is ticking: KAPAP is waiting for outputs

CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD

During the workshop, the vegetable value chain project team pledged to do their best to contribute to

achieving the overall goal of KAPAP, which is: “To increase productivity, enhance livelihoods and facilitate

transformation of agricultural sector by turning crop and livestock production into commercially oriented

economic activities, for food and nutrition security, increased household incomes and employment creation,

while utilizing the natural resources optimally and preserving biodiversity”.

The team agreed to work closely to produce tangible deliverables to the target beneficiaries as

outlined in the proposal.

Farmers to increase acreage as demand increases

Collect and conserve: Local germplasm Evaluate and select: Preferred ones our germplasm

Characterize: Phenotypically & genotypically local germplasm

Bulk clean seeds: Local, preferred germplasm

Farmers: Bulk and save clean seeds on their farms Share: The seeds of preferred landraces with farmers

Farmers’ indigenous knowledge: Gather & add value to it

IPM: Do not neglect pest management.

Value addition & transformation: Integrate.

Commercialization: Emphasize marketing for income-generation/wealth creation.

Share: Cascade knowledge/information/lessons learned to RSU’s not covered by KAPAP to benefit all concerned small-scale farmers in the entire country.

Socio-cultural issues, status beliefs: Consider them when promoting novelty.

Economic status: If too low or high, no uptake by households.

Economic status: Similarly households well-off may not adopt

Land ownership and rights: Interrogate and take care. Be careful: Choose contact farmers carefully to ensure projects succeed.

Appropriate technologies: e.g. ash for seeds, solar driers, bicycle propellers.

Package: Information in easily understandable modes.

Technologies: Avail it with little red tape.

Patent: Innovations and inventions.

PRO: Establish them to demystify research undertaken.

Parks: Establish them; e.g. Science Research and Agri-business Park Final Proposal: Circulate final global proposal to Co-PI’s.

CGS Grant Manual: Summarize for the V. V. C. team.

Reporting: Circulate final expectations/timelines/guidelines.

Tranche renewal timelines/conditions: Relax them. Contract signing: Expedite, overcome red tape.

Fund receipt: Complete signing contract first.

35


Clock is ticking: Researchers get to work with stakeholders; KAPAP is waiting for outputs.

VOTE OF THANKS

The vote of thanks was given by farmers who thanked the organizers and the research partners on their

willingness to engage them in AIVs value chain and choosing the Butere and Mumias Sub-counties as the

focal site for the study. They expressed satisfaction with the proposed project activities and outputs that

will improve their livelihood and income through reduced post-harvest losses, clean seed production,

alternative markets and the establishment of promotional centres.

To close up the Workshop, the PI commended the participants for their efforts and inputs in the

workshop. He called on project collaborators and partners to be committed to the cause, and deliver

outputs that will positively impact the small holder farmers. He urged them to stick to the pledge and

make a difference in the lives of the farmers through increased incomes

36


DAY 2

FIELD VISITS AND MEETING WITH FARMERS

Participants at Home of Mzee Rashid Wanzetse in South Wanga

Collaborators inspecting the 4 acre experimental farm in South

Wanga, along River Nzoia

Collaborators on a 3 acre farm under AIVs in East Wanga, Lubinu

Location belonging to Mr. John Amukhoma

Participants at Home of Mzee Rashid Wanzetse in South Wanga

37


Collaborators and farmers at the proposed promotional and

information center at Ekero Market in Mumias.

Collaborators and farmers in an open discussion on the proposed

activities and challenges expected at Shianda Market in East

Wanga, Mumias

38


ANNEXES

Annex I: Programme

PLANNING WORKSHOP ON ENHANCED KAPAP VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN

PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UP-SCALING) AT THE GUEST HOUSE, ST. MARY’S

HOSPITAL, MUMIAS ON 15TH AND 16TH MAY 2014.

PROGRAMME

DAY 1

Time Activity/presentation Responsibility

Session I: Chairperson: Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST)

Rapporteurs Dr. Ogola H.(JOOUST)/Mr. Peter (MKU)

8.30-8.45 am Arrival, Registration Dr. Andika D.O

8.45-9.00 am Introductions Dr. E. N. Kioko, NMK

9.00-9.10 am Welcome and opening remarks Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST)

9.10-9.9.30 am Overview of the first phase project Prof John H. Nderitu, Principal Investigator, MKU

9.30-10.00 am Key note speech Mr. Aginga State departments of Agriculture (Kakamega

County)

Mr. Libaako (KAPAP coordinating Unit, Butere/Mumias)

10.00-10.30 am Group Photo and Tea/Coffee Break Mr. Binaisha (JOOUST) and Peter N. (Mt. Kenya University)

Session II: Techical progress reports (2011-2014) on the vegetable value chain

Chairperson: Dr. Musieba (KIRDI)

Rapporteurs: Dr. Ogola H.(JOOUST)/Mr. Peter N (MKU)

10.30-10.40 am Spider plant Prof. R. Mulwa and Dr. Matofari (Egerton Univeristy team)

10.40-10.00am Mushrooms Dr. Fredrick Musieba/ KIRDI

10.50-11.00. Amaranth Dr. E. Kioko and Dr. Muthoka (NMK team)

11.00-11.10 Cow pea Prof. M. Hutchinson and Mr. Stanley (UoN team)

11.10-11.20 Pumpkins Prof. Dorcas Itutsa and Mr. Kirimi (Chuka University team)

11.20-11.30 Nightshades Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST team)

11.30-11.40 French beans Prof. Nderitu/Mount Kenya University team

11.50-12.10 Discussion of technical report All participants

12.00-1.00 Overview of the project (deepening

and upscaling proposal)

Prof John H. Nderitu/Dr. Andika D.O/Mr. Wanyeki

1.00-2.00 pm Lunch All

Session III Chairperson: Dr. Kioko E (NMK)

Rapporteurs: Dr. Ogola H.(JOOUST)/Mr. Peter N (MKU)

2.000-2.30 pm Discussions on deepening and

upscaling proposal

Prof Nderitu /Dr. Andika

2.30-3.30 pm Discussions and way forward Dr. Kioko E (NMK)

3.30-3.35.pm Vote of Thanks Mr. Ateya J (Chairman local vegetables association)

3.35-4.00pm Tea/Coffee/ All participants

DAY 2

8.00-1.00 pm Field visits to selected sites Dr. Andika/CSU/farmer representative/Collaborators

1.00-2.00 pm Lunch All participants

39


2.00-3.30 pm Meeting with farmers All collaborators

3.30- DEPARTURE

Annex II: List of participants

NAMES INSTITUTION CONTACTS

1. PROF. JOHN NDERITU MKU Tel: 0722-308581 E-mail: [email protected]

2 DR. RICHARD MULWA EGERTON UNIVERSITY Tel: 0722-557037 E-mail: [email protected]

3 DR. JOSEPH MATOFARI EGERTON UNIVERSITY Tel: 0722-671843 E-mail: [email protected]

4 DR. ESTHER KIOKO NMK Tel. 0722-617508 E-mail:

[email protected]

5 DR. PATRICK MUTHOKA NMK Tel. 0729-382882

E-mail:

[email protected]

6 MR. FREDRICK MUSIEBA KIRDI Tel: 0733-311-087

E-mail: [email protected],

7 MR. JAMES LIBAAKO KAPAP BUTERE 0721-328200 E-mail: [email protected]

8 JAMES K.KIRAMANIA CHUKA UNIVERSITY 0721-484683 E-mail: [email protected]

9 JAMES WAKAHIU MEDIA Tel: 0721-458349

10 OPWOLO ANDREW MOA Tel: 0712-037071


11 OGUTU ROSELIDA MOA Tel 0718-723669

E-mail:[email protected]

12 DIDA MATHEWS MASENO UNIVERSITY Tel:0711-860550

13 AGINGA EDWARD AGRICULTURE Tel: 0700-365043


14 ERNEST MAINA MMUST Tel:0714-485142


15 OMONDI JOSHUA MASENO UNIVERSITY Tel:0724-564271


16 BARASA FRANCIS MKU KAKAMEGA Tel:0728-460337


17 SHISANYA ERNEST KAPAP BUTERE Tel:0723-266278


18 OUDA JAMES MMUST Tel:0722-882026


19 BABU M. JONATHAN MMUST Tel: 0712-574425

E-mail:

20 KIRAKU STANLEY UON Tel: 0714-467711


21 KARENGA SAMUEL MKU THIKA Tel:0724-564587


22 PETER NGARU MKU Tel:0720-687592


23 DR. HENRY OGOLA JOOUST Tel:0716-724790


24 DR. H. W. NYONGESA MMUST Tel:0723-430775


25 DR. ANDIKA DARIUS JOOUST Tel:0721-533596











40


26 URSULA C SAMOE MMUST Tel:0726-335972


27 PAUL O. ONYANGO JOOUST Tel:0721-358702


28 BINAISHA GODFREY JOOUST Tel:0720-689953


29 MUKULO W. HOSEA FARMER Tel:0735-246427

30 PASCAL DICK OMBWARA FARMER Tel:0775-534816

31 PHAUSTINE A. PANYAKO FARMER Tel:0703-848425

32 ALELA A. FREDRICK FARMER Tel:0720-777199

33 KALIBO VAQUELINE FARMER Tel:0713-919587

34 FANUEL OMUSULA FARMER Tel:0719-443422

35 WABUKO SYLVESTERS FARMER Tel:0725-848162

36 OPWORA A. FREDRICK FARMER Tel:0712-988870

37 TOBOSO HANNINGTONE

OKOBA

FARMER Tel:0725-147060

38 AYUB OBARA FARMER Tel:0722-960771

39 SIMBAUNI O. JOSEPH FARMER Tel:0736-664651

40 JARED ATEYA OKUTOYI FARMER Tel:0719-789959

41 NOEL ANN FARMER Tel:0712-416352

42 MUKHOMA N. JOHN FARMER Tel:0704-413600

43 KACHI I. JAMES FARMER Tel:0714-574962

44 WANYANGU MAKOKHA FARMER Tel:0714-991126

41


Annex III. Invitation Letter

OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

OUR REF: MKU/R&D/VOL1/2014/0011 May 5, 2014

Dr. Darius Andika Otiato,

Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science & Technology,

P. O. Box 210-40601,

BONDO

Dear Dr. Otiato,

SUBJECT: INVITATION FOR PLANNING WORKSHOP ON ENHANCED KAPAP

VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UP-SCALING) AT THE

SCHOOL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE, ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL, MUMIAS ON 15TH AND

16TH MAY 2014.

Following the successful funding for (ENHANCED KAPAP VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN PROJECT

(DEEPENING AND UP-SCALING) I am happy to invite you for a planning workshop to be held

between 15th and 16th May 2014 at the venue named above. Kindly plan to give a ten minute

presentation of the on-going phase I project at the workshop.

As you may be aware, capacity building is key project output and, therefore, each collaborator is

expected to identify at least one MSc. Student to work on the project. In light of this, I request you to

bring a long with you the students or a list of identified students for purposes of planning.

Kindly note that you will be expected to use your budget to cover your travel and accommodation

costs during the workshop. Also note that during the second day of the workshop, there will be a visit

to selected farmers field sites and you are requested to prepare the right shoes since the region is

currently experiencing heavy rains. Please find attached program for the workshop.

Thank you.

Prof. John H. Nderitu

(Lead Scientist, KAPAP Vegetable Project)

Documents

KAPAP AIVs VALUE CHAIN PROJECT MAY, 2014 · PDF file... [email protected] 2 ... [email protected] ... Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology University, Egerton