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Kanyashree Prakalpa
Smt. Roshni Sen, IASSecretary to the Government of West Bengal
Dept. of Child Development, Woman Development & Social Welfare
A Scheme for the Empowerment of Adolescent Girls
in West Bengal, India Kazi Nafisa IslamPurba Barasat Adarsha Bidyapith,
Barasat, North 24 Parganas West Bengal
CHILD MARRIAGE IN WEST BENGAL
• (DLHS-3, 07-08)– 5th highest prevalence
– 54.7% (women aged 20-24 years are married before the completion of 18)
• Gendered practice – significantly more girls than boys affected
• Also prevalent in urban areas
• Poor retention of girls in education
• Early pregnancies, maternal and child ill-health and mortality, life-long health implications
• Child marriages are a conduit for trafficking
• Girls are susceptible to poverty, exploitation and trafficking because of low education
• Affects not only young girls, but families, community and society
• Perpetuates generational cycles of disempowerment• Contributes to feminization of poverty
Negative Impact of child marriage
DLHS 4 (2012 -13)32.1% (of girls aged 18 years currently getting married before 18 years)
The State of West Bengal seeks to change this disabling context through Kanyashree Prakalpa,
a conditional cash transfer scheme Announced by Chief Minister on 8th March, 2013
And launched on 1st October 2013
Priya Karmakar, Purba Barasat Adarsha
Bidyapith, Barasat, North 24 Parganas
West Bengal
ANALYTICAL STUDY TAKES INTO ACCOUNT• Little perceptible outcome of legal enforcement and anti-child marriage campaigns
• Effectiveness of CCT schemes in creating social safety net and in negotiating behavior change
• Rationale for promoting education as a strategy:
– Reduces probability of child marriage (UNFPA) and increases employability (World Bank)
• Analysis of shortcomings in existing CCT schemes for children in India
– Multiplicity of milestones, eligibility criteria and benefits over a protracted period of time
– Operational challenges, e.g.
• Difficulties in identifying beneficiaries,
• Poor management and communication between implementing departments,
• An unclear understanding of the scheme’s purposes at field levels,
• Delayed transfer of payments to beneficiaries, and an
• Absence of grievance mechanisms and feedback loops to inform the process.
• No evaluative processes
DESIGN COMPONENTS & STRATEGYConditional Cash Transfer
Component 1 : Annual scholarship of INR 500 to unmarried girls aged 13-18 years enrolled in Grades VIII-XII or equivalent
Component 2 : One-time grant of INR 25,000to unmarried girls aged 18 years pursuing education, vocational / technical training / sports
Banking: Zero-balance bank accounts in girls names, simplified opening procedures, direct transfer of funds
•Discourages child marriage
• Incentivizes education
•Ensures Financial inclusion
•Promotes social power and self esteem of girlsInnovative Communication strategy
Applicable for girls whose family income of not more than INR. 120,000 per annum.) No family income bar for girls with special needs / who have lost both parents / residing in J.J. homesCertification by local authorities
EFFICIENT SERVICE DELIVERY MECHANISMS
One-window service delivery Application forms available in schools, enrollment and bank account opening facilitated by schools
Application, scrutiny and sanctioning through e-portal
reduces paperwork and increases the response time at each node of the process
Scrutiny of eligibility criteria Monthly random-sample scrutiny
Unique ID for each beneficiary Renewals annual scholarships and for the one-time grant at age 18 will be facilitated through the beneficiary’s data already available on the portal.
Designed for accessibility & speed
TARGETED COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
• Awareness through – Schools & other institutions– Mass media & celebrity endorsement, and
traditional formats such as melas, street theatre• Kanyashree Day at state, district and block levels,
with girls achievers being felicitated• Kanyashree movement through
– events, poetry writing competitions etc– Kanayshree clubs – methods that attract young girls such as specially
designed bangles, ID cards, – a pledge
• Publicized by various government departments– ASHA newsletters (Dept of Health & Family
Welfare)– At libraries of Dept of Mass Education – Advertisements of Consumer Affairs Dept -
Documented communication strategy with components of public advocacy and behavior change methods
CONVERGENT DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION
Department of Woman Development and Social Welfare Nodal department
Department of Finance, Departments of School Education, Higher Education and Technical Education and Training, Minority Affairs & Madrasah Education
Key partner departments
Department of Mass Education Extension and Library Services, Panchayat and Rural Development, Municipal Affairs, , Department of Health and Family Welfare, Information and Cultural Affairs, Sports & Youth Services
Promoting and supporting the scheme in their own domains
Banking sector Opening of zero-balance accounts and disbursement of funds
NIC West Bengal E-governance
UNICEF Office for West Bengal Technical supportPrivate sectors JWT India, Nielson India P. Ltd, distribution
of bicycles to beneficiaries
NGOs at the grassroots Encouraging enrollments, developing Kanyashree clubs etc
Government, banking sector & social sector
State
District
Block & grass-roots
MANAGEMENT & MONITORING STRUCTURES
• Continual communication through video conferences, feedback based on analysis of MIS data• Responsive action on grievances in application form distribution, enrollment and remittances
through interaction of ground level field implementers and beneficiaries. • State, district and block and district level officials monitor the performance of schemes, and
continually refine processes to work around area-specific challenges
State Project Management Unit
District Level Project Management Units
• Block level units• Schools & other
educational institutions
Steering and Monitoring Committee chaired by Hon’ble Finance Minister
Steering and Monitoring Committees chaired by DMs
• Steering and Monitoring Committees chaired by BDOs
• Schools & other educational institutions
Management Monitoring
ONE WINDOW ONLINE MANAGEMENT PORTAL
• The entire scheme is enabled through a dedicated online portal– Enrollment– Scrutiny– Sanctioning of applications
• Serves as a real-time reporting system
• Ensures transparency, efficiency and zero leakage
• Has a feedback mechanism
CAPACITY BUILDING
• All significant stakeholders – district and block level officials and school personnel provided training• Teachers• BDOs, BIOs, DIOs• Elected reps• SI / DI of schools• Data managers, etc
• Pool of 89 master trainers created• Refresher trainings will continue as
the scheme’s implementation is being streamlined.
All implementing stakeholders follow the Scheme’s Implementation Guidelines Version 1.0, with a second version being currently drafted.
SUSTAINABILITY
• Low administrative cost – high impact– Administrative and publicity budget : Rs. 67 crores,
approx. 10% of the estimated Rs. 600 crores disbursement to beneficiaries.
• GoWB views expenditure incurred as an investment in the education of adolescent girls.– Flagship scheme of the government, and is entirely
state-government funded– Rs. 700 crores earmarked by West Bengal
government despite financial crunch
Political ownership, leadership and commitment from the top, and huge response from the bottom-up has made the scheme vibrant and sustainable
REPLICABLE IN ITS ENTIRETY
• Single point of service-delivery: schools & other educational institutions – where target recipient is enrolled
• Implemented & monitored through existing government machinery
• End-to-end IT enabled
• Has a comprehensive implementation guidelines and a documented communication strategy which can be periodically updated
NO. OF BENEFICIARIES ( 2013-2014)
Targeted Enrolled Sanctioned 1,500,000
1,600,000
1,700,000
1,800,000
1,900,000
2,000,000
2,100,000
Nos. 1,682,471
Nos. 1,983,673
Nos. 1,833,378
Over 19.8 lakh applications received Over 18.3 lakh applications sanctioned
118% of target applications received 92.4 % applications sanctioned
IMPACT ASSESSMENT
• A baseline survey is being undertaken with the support of UNICEF – Key result areas being monitored are Education indicators
• Marriage indicators• Implementation indicators
– Report due in December, 2014• Midline study to be held 3 years after baseline study
Acknowledged as a ‘good practice’
Girl Summit 2014 (Department for International Development, UK and UNICEF in London. )
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ SchemeMinistry of Women and Child Development, India
RAPID ASSESSMENT (UNICEF, SEPT 2014)
2011-12 2012-13 2013-1470.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
72 72
75
School attendance rate has improved from 72% in 2011-12 to 75% in 2013-14.
Child marriage numbers have declined from 73 identified cases in 2012-13 to 54 cases in 2013-14.
• Approximately 10,286 new bank accounts were opened for the beneficiaries of the scheme by the school authorities.
Financial inclusion
Daughter of truck driver, was looking for a loan so that she could study medicine.
Works as a domestic help while educating herself. Used some of the money to buy a bag, and pay her tuition fees
Family was pressurizing her to give up studying after Class XII. Now in college in Bengali Honours, wants to do her B. Ed
Monami Chakraborty - Class XII Champa Gayen Class XI Sonali Das, ex-student, now in college
RAPID ASSESSMENT (UNICEF, SEPT 2014) Some receipients of the one-time grant:
North 24 Parganas (Nabapally Jogendranath Balika Bidyamandir (Barasat- I)
WAY FORWARD
• Core design simple - lends itself to vertical and horizontal growth
• Focus on continuous improvement for efficiency and accountability
• E-Portal being integrated with CPFMS for better financial management & effective fund-flow
• Digital Certificates, USB e-Tokens and SSL Certificates for greater quality assurance and accountability
• Strengthening grievance mechanisms
• Reservation of seats for vocational training, priority in polytechnic girls’ hostels & reduction of fees for admissions and counselling
• Linkages with stakeholders such as CSR
Current areas of developmentKey strength: Dynamism
Several years of sustained implementation are expected to bring about a discernable change in the status of the state’s girls and women.
Rimpi DebnathPurba Barasat Adarsha Bidyapith, Barasat, North 24 ParganasWest Bengal
“Our child now has a foundation – we have
hope that she can stand on her own feet”
Voices of parentsRapid Assessment, (UNICEF 2014)