Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Peter Palensky
Principal Scientist
Head Complex Energy Systems
Austrian Institute of Technology / Energy Department
Kann IT Speicher ersetzen?
The future energy system
Expectations
Increased share of renewable energy sources
Host new applications like electric vehicles or
cooperative loads
Optimized, resilient, flexible, robust, globalized, etc.
That leads to an increment in:
Distributed structure
Control and management
New energy technologies & markets
Links to other “systems”
IT expected to help!
207.11.2013
IT and Energy Storage
Adding IT leads to „smart“ something
Benefits if adding IT
Explicitly link processes
• physical, market, social, etc.
Control and optimize processes
More knowledge (state, sensors, analytics, etc.)
IT and Storage
Storage Management
„virtual“ Storage
307.11.2013
IT for Storage Management
4
Solar Plus House
Zwettl
202,80 m²
Isolating bricks
POROTHERM
48 m² Solar Thermal
9.580 liter storage
Wood stove 40 kW
Activated brick walls
49 m² / 6,5 kWp Photovoltaics11/7/2013
IT for „virtual“ Storage
Augmented dynamics to mimic storage behavior
Supply Side (primary/secondary control)
Distributed Supply Side
Intelligent inverters
• Feed limit
• Voltage support
Demand Side
Load shedding
Intelligent loads
• Matter transport: pipes, ducts, conveyor belts, etc.
• Thermal inertia
• Schedules/programs: dishwasher, etc.
Coordinated via communication links
507.11.2013
Example Project: EcoGrid EU
New energy market design and
implementation
Model-predictive load shed/shift
Interoperability of equipment
Information security
System integration
PowerMatcher, DEMS, grid plausibility,
market platform, CellControler, etc.
OpenADR
Fine grained distribution grid model
parameters
Intelligent demand side
607.11.2013
DEMS: Decentralized Energy Management System (Siemens)
OpenADR: Open Automated Demand Response
An intelligent demand side
GRID
Voltage support via reactive power in DG
Frequency support via (fair) generation shed, or
Cooperative loads
MARKET:
Reduce consumption peaks / end user costs
Increase renewable generation
Demand elasticity
707.11.2013
DG: Distributed Generation
Example: elastic demand
807.11.2013
Example: Dynamic Voltage Support
907.11.2013
Load(s)Transformer
Upper limit
Lower limit
Voltage
With PV
Without PV
PV: Photovoltaics
Feeder depth
EcoGrid EU
1007.11.2013
Regulating power market
Frequency-controlledreserves Inertia
Quantity
Time scale
Days Hours Minutes Seconds Now
Volatility
Direct control
Market-based operation
EcoGrid Real-time
Market
DSM Time Scales
1107.11.2013
DSM: Demand Side Management
DR: Demand Response
Types of Demand Response
Price Response:
Triggered by wholesale market prices (e.g. Real-time Pricing)
Goal: Peak load reduction
Measure of Success: CO2 / Utility bill savings
Reliability Response:
Triggered by the conditions of the grid
Goal: Peak load reduction upon request from Utilities or DSO/TSO
Measure of success: Financial incentive based on how much electric
load (kW) is reduced
1207.11.2013
DSO/TSO: Distribution/Transmission System Operator
Example for DR – Part 1
1307.11.2013
Example for DR – Part 2
14
source: Reuters
07.11.2013
Example for DR – Part 3
Texas: 50% of spinning reserves from load
Pumps of petrol industry
Wind dropped from 1700MW to 300MW
Stage 2 emergency: reserves < 1750 MW
1000 MW DR called in Feb 2008
Out of 36 GW -> 2.8%
Restored in
90 minutes
1507.11.2013
Homes: PCT
Programmable
Communicating
Thermostat
California Building Efficiency Standard
16
1902,
Honeywell
2008, Golden Power
07.11.2013
Automated Demand Response: OpenADR
1707.11.2013 ADR: Automated Demand Response
DRAS: Demand Response Automation Server
EMCS: Energy Management Control SystemHVAC: Heating Ventilation, Air Conditioning
OpenADR Bidding Example
1807.11.2013
OpenADR in Salzburg: Building2Grid
Needed: Load Models
1911/7/2013
Simple Load Models: Thermal Inertia
Refrigerators as regulation power providers
Frequency-dependent setpoint adjustment
Fairness via communication
2007.11.2013
Slightly more complex load models
2107.11.2013MPC: Model Predictive Control
Modeling - Details
2207.11.2013
MPC - Results
2307.11.2013
Frequency and demand response
“GridFriendly” (PNNL)
KNIVES (Japan)
California
ORB
Smart AC
PCT
“50.2 Hz problem”
with 10 GW PV inverters
in Germany 2011?
2407.11.2013
PNNL: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
AC: Air Conditioning
PCT: Programmable Communicating Thermostat
PV: Photovoltaics
Consumer response in Salzburg: Consumer2Grid
Field Trial, 240 Households
2511/7/2013
ConsumerHuman in the Loop
Energy-
Feedback
Database
Energieverbrauchs-Info
Lieber Kunde, Sie haben im
Monat xy 523 kWh verbraucht
Lieber Kunde, Sie haben im
Monat xy 523 kWh verbraucht
Smart Metering
System
Challenges
Interoperability
ISO/IEC 15118 „Road Vehicles –V2G Communication Interface“
IEC 61850 – Substation Automation
CIM – Common Information Model
IEEE 1547 “Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with
Electric Power Systems”
ICT Security
Trusted platforms, updates, personnel, etc.
Complex models
Automatic derivation
Robustness?
2607.11.2013
V2G: Vehicle to Grid
Conclusion
IT can mimic storage behavior
Storage potential depends on domain (building, industry, etc.)
Return of investment
Bits are cheaper than copper?
Bits are cheaper than (real) storages
No explicit storage no chemicals, etc.
Replace? – Not completely
Enable
Support
Part of the solution
2707.11.2013
Thank you
Peter Palensky
Principal Scientist
Head Complex Energy Systems
Austrian Institute of Technology / Energy Department
2807.11.2013
