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Kangaroo (Teenager)
Professional Report
www.ausidglobal.com
by Michael White
Contents
The Four Temperaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4AusID Global® - Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Modern Day Temperament Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Carl Jung & the Myers-Briggs Model of Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Your Reported Type – The Kangaroo (SP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Points to Remember . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Suggested Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
AusID Global is a registered trademark and as such no portion of this publication may be re-produced, or transmitted in any form or media or by any means, including but not limited to electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of AusID Global Pty Ltd. This copyrighted publication may not be resold, sublicensed, exported, redistributed, or otherwise transferred.
the Four temperaments
Have you ever noticed how…
4 seasons make up a year
4 chambers reside in our hearts
4 lobes compartmentalise the human brain
4 human blood groups exist: A, B, O, AB
4 basic elements are distinguished: earth, fire, water and air
4 basic states of matter are: solid, liquid, gas and plasma
4 is the number of points on a compass
4 is the number of gospels in the New Testament
4 is even made up of four letters
What do you think? One big coincidence? Not on your life…
The number 4 has always had quite some strength in our universe.
The system of Temperament and AusID Global both work with this principle and divide hu-manity into four distinctly different groups, each with their own set of type specific Behaviours, Talents, Values and Needs.
This is not to imply that a person is of only one type though, that would be stereotyping and putting people into boxes. The truth is that we all have elements of each of the four groups, just not in equal measure.
Originally developed by Empedocles and expanded by Aristotle, the theories regarding these ‘elements’ as they were then known, have had a significant influence upon many traditions stretching even into the 21st century.
Today there are many schools of thought based upon alchemy, astrology and psychology that have integrated this system, and even a number of the more contemporary personality theories have been influenced.
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The Four Temperaments
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According to many modern day psychologists, a person’s innate psychological development is directly relatable to the presence of, and relationship between these different ‘elements’ of the psyche.
It is not just one persons belief system we are promoting though, as many great minds have gone into shaping this fascinating aspect of humanity, helping to understand exactly what it is that makes us so different, yet fundamentally the same.
The following information is designed to introduce you to some of the modern and ancient origins of Temperament, as well the evolution of our understanding of personality typing and how people’s personalities affect their day to day lives.
In the system that prevailed in the Classical world, there were four elements: fire, earth, air, and water. This paradigm was highly influential in medieval natural philosophy, and it was a man by the name of Paracelsus (1493-1541) who first referred to the ancient idea of the elements as fundamental building blocks of nature.
It was actually this system that provided, in part, the inspiration for the selection of our four An-imals used in the AusID Global model, as we tried to remain true to the fundamental ‘element’ theme: The Eagle - Air; The Dolphin – Water; The Wombat – Earth; The Red Kangaroo – Fire.
ausID Global® - IntroDuCtIon
AusID Global is modelled on the four ancient Temperaments, which were introduced to the public arena in 1978 by American Psychologist Dr. David Keirsey. We have then linked these Temperaments to four Australian animals, the Eagle, the Dolphin, the
Kangaroo and the Wombat. The choice for these animals is actually two-fold; to increase appreciation of Australian native wildlife, and also to set our AusID Global apart from other systems that might already be in use around the world.
The original AusID Global program was developed to assist school based students gain a greater sense of their own identity, while also helping Teachers and Parents to understand about different teaching and learning styles. While we found many excellent resources already available to support our understanding of the temperaments, we felt that we needed something more that would capture the imagination of our youth, yet at the same time involve adults too, in a colourful and inviting way.
So we travelled back in time nearly 2500 years looking for inspiration, to the days of ancient Greece and Hippocrates, the father of modern Medicine, who used a similar system. Since then of course, great progress has been made in refining his theories, each step bringing us greater clarity and understanding. People such as the Roman philosopher Gaelen, and Paracelus in the middle-ages; and Jung, Adickes, Spranger and Kretchmer in the early and mid 1900’s all added to our knowledge.
In 1956, the daughter and mother partnerships of Isabel Briggs-Myers and Katherine Cook-Briggs took our understanding to a whole new level when they developed a system that could be understood by ordinary people everywhere. Today, each year, millions of people worldwide use their system. Research and refinement continues through the work of global institutions which have grown up around this topic.
The AusID Global program continues this journey by identifying innate differences between people and highlighting their observable patterns of behaviour and then linking these be-haviours to the characteristics of Australian native animals. While similar systems have been introduced throughout the world to help understand differences between people, only Aus-ID Global offers this uniquely Australian perspective that our young people especially can quickly and easily identify with.
The use of animal totems also pervades many ancient myths and cultural traditions globally, and they have been used for centuries to foster spiritual growth and to guide people in their lives. Knowledge of animal totems can also enhance our understanding of the innermost aspects of human nature by revealing more of a person’s innate character, and it is by borrowing from the wisdom of these ancient cultures that we are able to add to a modern approach to life that has all too often failed to recognize or understand the inter-connectedness of all things.
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AusID Global® - Introduction
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An excellent example of the use of animal totems is among some of the native north American tribes, where one of a child’s first teachings was that of the four great powers of the medicine wheel, which are inherent in each of us. The story of the medicine wheel states that when we are born, each of us will adopt a beginning place within these four directions, which in turn will give us our first perspective of life. This perspective is destined to become our easiest and most natural way of experiencing the world.
Understanding your personality and how you respond to situations therefore, can help you to better manage all aspects of your life, from the work you do, to how you manage your most important relationships. People differ from each other in many exciting and fundamental ways. That is a given. We hold different beliefs, are moved by different things, perceive “facts” differ-ently and generally behave in ways not always in step with those around us.
Perhaps you are like the Eagle, who likes to be seen as an expert in their chosen area of interest, displaying extensive knowledge whatever the subject matter. Eagles are drawn to roles requiring superior knowledge, expansive thinking and creative problem solving. From an early age they often display independence and crave knowledge.
Or are you more like the Dolphin, helping others to achieve their goals. Unassuming and dedicated, Dolphins derive a great deal of satisfaction from fostering greatness in others, often working in the background to inspire and encourage. From an early age this type will usually move towards other people seeking a deep connection.
The Wombat is determined and focused, loves to be of service and is steadfast and diligent in the completion of their goals, no matter how big or small. The most responsible of the types, Wombats will always put work before play. From an early age they will often look to those around them for structure, routine and consistency.
Or possibly you are more like the Kangaroo, fun loving, non-judgmental, preferring to be guid-ed by your own desires, happiest when left to your own devices. Kangaroos enjoy a hands-on approach, and like to take time to make work as enjoyable as possible. From an early age they like to play and have fun, often testing their boundaries as they go.
Through AusID Global you will begin to recognise and understand:
X Four fundamentally different approaches to life and work
X Ways to enhance communication between people
X Four distinctly different teaching and learning styles
X Strategies to support others in their everyday lives
X How and why other people act the way they do
moDern Day temperament theory
X We are born with a natural predisposition for our type
X Each type brings with it a different perspective on life
X Each one has it’s own unique gifts and challenges
X Aspects of our personality not our entire personality
X One of the most tested and validated of all psychometric tools
X Supported by a vast network of institutions and organisations
While every person is special and unique, there is also clear historical evidence for differing sets of core values which are able to form the basis for four essential per-sonality types. These four ’aspects of humanity’ have appeared throughout both
ancient and modern traditions - Hippocrates (450BC); Paracelsus (1550); Jung (1910); Spranger (1920); Myers-Briggs (1956) & Keirsey & Bates (1978). Native American tribes also used animal totems to differentiate between people. AusID Global uses the Dolphin, Eagle, Kangaroo & Wombat to highlight these same differences.
David Keirsey Psychologist
RationalIdealist Guardian Artisan
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Modern Day Temperament Theory
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In their book , Please Understand Me, Keirsey and Bates say, “It will clarify things to name the four temperaments after gods because each god-and each temperament-has its followers.” He then goes on to say; “who worships Apollo (spirit) does not worship Prometheus (science) and who desires Dionysian joy (or release) is not content with Epimetheus (duty). You will see that the four temperaments are different from each other in very fundamental ways.”
Dr. Keirsey compared the behaviours of his four temperaments with the essential elements of Jung’s concepts. He suggests strong links to his four temperaments with SJ, SP, NF & NT pairs contained in the Myers-Briggs model. He goes on to say:
“I soon found it convenient and useful to partition Myers’s sixteen types into four groups, which she herself suggested in saying that all four of what she referred to as the “NFs” were alike in many ways and that all four of the “NTs” were alike in many ways – although what she called the “STs” seemed to me to have very little in common, just as the “SFs” had little in common.”
“However, four earlier contributors, Adickes, Spranger, Kretschmer, and Fromm, each having written of four types of character, helped me to see that Myers’s four “SJs” were very much alike, as were her four “SPs.”Bingo! Typewatching from then on was a lot easier, the four groups – SPs, SJs, NFs, and NTs – being light years apart in their attitudes and actions.”
The Myers-Briggs Model of Type
IstJ Istp InFJ IntJ
estJ estp InFp Intp
esFJ esFp enFp entp
IsFJ IsFp enFJ entJ
Note: in this model we have deliberately changed the layout of the 16 types, and used colours to highlight the connection between the different models of Temperament and Type.
Carl JunG & the myers-brIGGs moDel oF type
T he personality types first identified by Carl Jung, and later developed further by Kath-arine Cook-Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs-Myers form one of the most widely recognised psychometric testing tools at use in the world today.
The word psychometric roughly translated means ‘measurement of the mind’ which can be a little misleading as the theory related does not measure intelligence. These instruments are indicators only and act like a guide to help understand why people behave in different ways and just as importantly, what motivates individuals.
Recognition of personality type supports identification of divergent learning styles and assists people with career choice and working in teams. Many organizations use personality type knowledge to improve workplace performance through improved communication, teamwork and more effective leadership.
The Jungian and Myers-Briggs concepts describe the psychological essences of 16 person-ality types. While each person is energised when they use one or two specific psychological functions, everyone can in fact consciously use all the functions. However, the less preferred of these can be more difficult to use and may take more of our energy. It is similar to how most people have severe difficulty in writing fluently with their non-preferred hand.
While there are only four dichotomous preferences in the table below, they offer us a total of sixteen different combination types, which in turn gives us the sixteen personalities identified in the Myers-Briggs Model of Type.
The PREFERENCES
Extroverted Introverted
Sensing iNtuition
Thinking Feeling
Judging Perceiving
Note: Each person will use all eight preferences, however, like moths to a flame, each will be drawn to use their innate preferences with more energy and enthusiasm.
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Carl Jung & the Myers-Briggs Model of Type
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Recognising where our natural energy lies and where our challenges are located enables us to understand the aspect of our lives that bring us both the greatest success, as well as the greatest challenges.
Understanding Jungian and Myers-Briggs concepts can also help explain why our colleagues, family and friends are energised in different ways, and how tasks which may energise you might in fact be de-energising for another person.
Another advantage to the way that preference pairs, as they are sometimes called, are present-ed, is that they clearly show that there are two possibilities in each case, and while you have access to both, and indeed use both, you will inevitably favour one over the other. This gives us our inherent nature, which we will use to navigate the areas of our lives that are deeply personal, as opposed to our learnt behaviour which might indicate differently.
The sixteen types of the Myers-Briggs Model
ISTJ ISTP INFJ INTJ
ESTJ ESTP INFP INTP
ESFJ ESFP ENFP ENTP
ISFJ ISFP ENFJ ENTJ
In this model, Isabel Briggs-Myers arranged 8 letters into 16 different combinations to provide us with a dynamic profiling system, one that is still widely used today.
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Historical Models
Greek Mythology Apollonian Promethean Epimethean Dionysian
Hippocrates (c. 370 B.C.) Enthusiastic Calm Sombre Cheerful
Galen (c.190 A.D.) Choleric Phlegmatic Melancholic Sanguine
American Native Tribes Eagle Buffalo Mouse Bear
Paracelsus (c.1550) Water Air Earth Fire
Adickes (1907) Dogmatic Agnostic Traditional Innovative
Spranger (1920) Religious Theoretic Economic Aesthetic
Fromm (1947) Receptive Marketing Hoarding Exploitive
Myers-Briggs (1956) Intuition/
FeelingIntuition/ Thinking
Sensing/ Judging
Sensing/Perceiving
Keirsey (1978) Idealist Rational Guardian Artisan
AusIDentities (2008) Dolphin Eagle Wombat Kangaroo
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Your Reported Type – The Kangaroo (SP)
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your reporteD type – the KanGaroo (sp)
The following chart is a general overview of the nature of the Kanga-roo, outlining four different levels of the structure of personality that are presumed to exist.
Each of the types has such a structure, but of course it is different for each of them. There will of course be times when they overlap, especially when it
comes to the ‘Typical Behaviours’ and ‘Innate Talents’, but since these operate more at a surface level, not at a deep psychological level, this is quite normal.
When seeking to understand another it is more important to dig a little deeper and appreciate what it is that drives a type, in other words their ‘Values’ and what they are ’Searching For’. It is at this level that the differences become much more profound, and begin to shape our entire perspective of life.
Typical Behaviours Innate Talents
Impact Focused Cynical
Risk TakingSensory awareness
ImpulsiveEntertaining
RestlessSpontaneous
TacticalTrouble Shooting
Crisis ManagementVariation
Contextual ThinkingAdaptable
Practical & improvised problem solving
Life Values Searching For
Stimulation & ExcitementActionVariety
Cleverness
Freedom to ActTo Make an Impact
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Kangaroo – SP
The route to happiness and success for the Kangaroos lies in actively doing things that en-gages a number of their senses. Resistant to most forms of containment, whether in the physical sense where they have to sit still and listen for long periods, or when working to
a strict routine with little or no room for flexibility, they thrive on open ended activities and goals.
They will enjoy working with others who are interesting, active and willing to be playful as this helps to break up the monotony of certain projects, making them more manageable. At school while they often appear to be the least academic of the types, they often excel in areas such as arts and crafts, sports and any project that allow them to become physically, as well as intel-lectually engaged. Long classroom sessions can present huge challenges to this type.
When encountering new information for the first time, Kangaroos often benefit from having the practical ap-plications of the lesson explained to them, including real life experiences where-ever possible. They also en-joy having the freedom and flexibility to put down a project whenever it becomes too dull or boring, coming back to it later for completion at a more suitable time.
The use of audio-visuals or taking field trips should definitely be encouraged as these methods will engage a number of their senses at once, making the process of learning much more lively and enjoyable. Such fast paced, experiential learning suits the Kangaroo particu-larly well, as they love knowing that no two situations will ever be treated in exactly the same way.
It is probably this liking for tasks with an unpredictable nature that will often lead them into em-ployment in areas such as fire-fighting, paramedic and/or nursing (usually in the accident and emergency department), and sports coaching. All such roles require a great deal of flexibility, quick reactions and active involvement, characteristics that the Kangaroos have in abundance.
They will also be found in many other roles as well: business and commerce, sales, entre-preneur, teaching (often manual arts or physical education), environmental sciences and hospitality. As a broad generalisation though, wherever they find themselves they can usually be relied upon to make the job fun, lively and as enjoyable as possible, not just for themselves, but often for others too.
If there is one thing that the Kangaroo types are here to teach the others, it would be their innate ability to not take life too seriously and enjoy themselves. However many Kangaroos seem to want to take this quality to the extreme, putting off what needs to be done in favour
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Your Reported Type – The Kangaroo (SP)
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of what they want to do. Helping them to realise that having a plan and sticking to it can be beneficial, as is developing the qualities of patience, duty and dependability.
Tolerance is usually not an issue with this type, as Kangaroos generally are quite accepting of others; although it can be very different when it comes to rules and regulations which they often have to be persuaded to see the value of. Not that they are more rebellious than the oth-er types, but their tendency for acting on im-pulse and manoeuvring out of tasks that seem particularly uninteresting, can occasionally bring them into conflict with the authorities.
The Effects of Adolescence
Adolescence can be a turbulent stage in a child’s life, and involves an unmatched period of cognitive, physical, social and emotional change and growth. The additional chal-lenge for the teacher is to continue to provide authentic, meaningful learning whilst
helping students to positively negotiate this period of their lives, as they begin to think more broadly about issues beyond the home and family.
In adolescence, a positive self-concept is critical. When thoughts and feelings are validated, teenagers are capable of greatness. During this volatile time, each temperament type tends to react differently, in part due to the function in charge. Typical behaviours, dependent of the function in charge, follow:
Kangaroos
Kangaroo children are primarily driven by their impulses and enormous energy to experience the world. They need plenty of hands-on activities, explicit directions and expectations and more physical freedom than any other type of child. Adolescent kangaroos continue to push for more freedom, more adventures and more adult experiences. In their willingness to try anything, they may experiment with alcohol, drugs and sex or get involved in risky and dan-gerous situations.
Often very bright, these students tend to put in a minimum of effort and can lack initiative and drive in situations, which do not meet their innate needs. As Sensors, they do not enjoy abstract learning and often have difficulties in the upper year levels of school when the curriculum fo-cuses more on reading comprehension, hidden meanings and understanding theories; a trait they share with the Wombats. Too much discussion and analysis bores them and they can get into trouble as they look for alternatives—something exciting and interesting to do. Excellent
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in a crisis, they are perpetually ready for action and play and respond better than any others to the challenge of random, impulsive situations.
These students like teachers who are energetic and easy going, clear in their expectations and fair in evaluations and rules. Teachers need to find constructive and useful outlets for the Kangaroo’s great energy, open-mindedness and zest for living to help them to grow up feel-ing good about themselves. They need guidance to develop self-discipline and to help them distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate options. Trying to hold them back from experiences undermines their confidence and builds resentment, often leading to defiant and dangerous rebellion. Lectures, scolding, threats and even physical punishment rarely seem to make an impression.
X Classroom Strategies:
Kangaroos like and appreciate:
X Learning by doing, being physically active, engaging in hands-on tasks.
X A variety of stimulating and interesting activities, fun and playful interactions.
X Open-ended flexible activities and goals, freedom and independence.
X Being stimulated by colour, texture and sounds, hearing or seeing the facts.
X Immediate applications, tangible results, a minimum of abstraction or theory
Kangaroos are stressed by:
X Too much structure or routine.
X Sitting passively taking in information.
X Long lectures or highly abstract text-reading assignments.
X Theoretical assignments that are irrelevant and do not link directly to their experiences.
What you can do to help:
X Provide them with variety and opportunities to re-energise.
X Allow stimulation through senses e.g. movement, balance, touch, listening.
X Make it as much fun as possible, faster and not as tedious.
X Follow their leads, explore things they are interested in so they experience success.
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Points to Remember
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Famous Kangaroos
Eminem
poInts to remember
X May treat teachers as equals
X Grounded & very practical
X Dislike too many rules & regulations
X Enjoy being flexible & spontaneous
X Easily bored or distracted
X Prefer active involvement in projects
X Can become very restless in class
X Sometimes ‘leap’ before they look
X May be impatient with complexity
X Tendency to focus on the here & now
X Fun loving & enjoy the use of humour
X Prefer variety over routine
Chris Rock
Jennifer LopezDonkey
Madonna
Eddie Murphy
Brittany Spears
Bart Simpson
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X Books:
• AusID Global® Who’s Who: A Guide to the Four Temperaments
• AusID Global® Who’s Who in the Classroom: A Teachers Guide • AusID Global® Who’s Who in the Zoo: A Children’s Guide to Type
X A4 Full Colour Posters:
• In the Classroom – Set of 4• In the Workplace – Set of 4
X Questionnaires, Certificates and Professional Reports:
Entry Level: 8-12 Years of age
Intermediate Level: 13-17 Years of age
Advanced Level: Adult
X AusID Global® App
The Aussie Zoo Crew – Available through i-tunes and Google Play
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Following on:
Once you have entered the world of Type and the Four Temperaments, you are likely to have many unanswered questions and we encourage you to find answers to these questions through exploring the AusID Global® website and the list of books and
resources we have available for purchase.
If you would like to be trained in how to use the AusID Global® program or arrange a workshop in your school or workplace, please use the ‘contact us’ link on the website or send an email to [email protected]. We hold regular 1 and 2 day workshops throughout Australia.
We look forward to working with you.
