kaklovani kulturebis (kakali, Txili, nuSi) perspeqiuli ...dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/8519/1/Jishebis_Nergis_Warmoe… · 2 samecniero grantis proeqtis `kaklovani kulturebis

gamocemulia saqarTvelos erovnuli samecniero fondis

finansuri mxardaWeriT.

mebaReobis, mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis

samecniero-kvleviTi instituti

kaklovani kulturebis (kakali, Txili,

nuSi) perspeqiuli jiSebis nergis warmoeba da mcire konturiani

maRali intensiuri tipis baRebis gaSeneba-movlis

teqnologiaTa sistemis SemuSaveba

(granti # GNSF/ST07/8-276)

SromaTa krebuli

Tbilisi

2010 w.

2

samecniero grantis proeqtis `kaklovani kulturebis (kakali, Txili, nuSi)

perspeqtiuli jiSebis nergis warmoeba da mcire konturiani maRalintensiuri tipis baRebis gaSeneba-movlis teqnologiaTa sistemis SemuSaveba~ Semsruleblebi:

proeqtis menejeri _ soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, sof-lis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori _ iuza vasaZe.

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: _ soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori _ nugzar

Sengelia. soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtorebi: nadeJna mirotaZe, lali goginava.

akademiuri doqtorebi: natruli miqaZe, zurab WipaSvili. mecnier-muSakebi: mzia baiaZe, goCa mSvenieraZe., zurab WipaSvili, ludmila cxvedaZe, nanuli SalamberiZe; mecnier TanamSromlebi: mzia baiaZe, goCa mSvenieraZe; agronom-konsultanti nazi cqitiSvili

recenzenti: soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti, sof-

lis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori givi badriSvili.

redaqtori: soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori ioseb basilia

ISBN 978-9941-0-2974-5

kompiuteruli momsaxureba ind. mewarme `paata axraxaZe~

q. Tbilisi, kekeliZis q. #1

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kaklis, Txilisa da nuSis nergis warmoeba da mcire konturiani maRalintensiuri tipis baRebis gaSeneba-movlis teqnologia.

iuza vasaZe – saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis

akademikosi, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. nugzar Sengelia, nadeJna mirotaZe, lali goginava, soflis meurneobis

mecnierebaTa doqtorebi; natruli miqaZe, zurab WipaSvili _ soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa

akademiuri doqtorebi. mzia baiaZe, goCa mSvenieraZe _ mec. muSakebi. mebaReobis, mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis instituti reziume: kaklovani kulturebis baRebis gaSenebis safuZvels maRalxarisxovani

nergis warmoeba warmoadgens. gadargvis Semdeg nergis gaxarebis maRali Sedegebi miiReba, roca mas aqvs Zlieri fesvTa sistema da igi gadargvisas mTlianadaa SenarCunebuli Tavisi mikrofloriT.

mcire konturiani, maRalintensiuri baRebis gaSeneba SesaZlebelia Sesaferisi jiSebis SerCeviT, kvebis arisa da baRSi mcenareebis formirebis SeTanawyobiT. igi saSualebas iZleva farTobis erTeulze miRebuli iqnas maRali da xarisxiani mosavali.

naSromSi mocemulia kaklis, Txilisa da nuSis nergis warmoebis da intensiuri tipis baRebis gaSenebis eqsperimentis Sedegebi. agreTve, am tipis baRebisaTvis Sesaferisi rogorc qarTuli, ise ucxouri seleqciis jiSebis biologiuri da sameurneo maxasiaTeblebi.

saqarTvelo kaklovani kulturebis warmoSobis erT-erT keras warmoadgens.

xelsayreli niadaguri da klimaturi pirobebi umetes ekologiur zonaSi maTi farTod gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

Kkaklovnebi ekonomikurad metad momgebian kulturebs warmoadgenen. maTi produqciis 1 kg-is sarealizacio fasi msoflio bazarze 2,0-2,5 aSS dolars aRemateba, rac intensiuri tipis baRebis mosavlianobaze (3,5-8,0 t/ha-ze) gaangariSebiT 8-20 aTas aSS dolars Seadgens.

dRes saqarTveloSi kaklovani kulturebis yovelwliuri mosavali 33-34 aTas tonas ver scildeba. miRebuli produqciis mniSvnelovani nawili uxarisxoa da ver pasuxobs sabazro moTxovnebs. deficitis Sevseba, gansakuTrebiT kaklis, sazRvargareTidan xdeba. samomxmareblo bazarze misi fasi sakmaod maRalia. igi mZime tvirTad awveba qveynis mosaxleobas, romelic kaklis nayofis tradiciuli momxmarebelia. nuSi ki - Zalzed mcire raodenoboT iwarmoeba.

saqarTveloSi arsebobs yvela piroba maRali gemuri Tvisebebis mqone produqciis zrdisaTvis. mas SeuZlia mniSvnelovani Semosavlebis Semotana eqsportiT. dRes kaklovnebis produqciis moxmarebis bazari deficituria.

kaklovani kulturebis mosavlianobis gazrda, romelic gadaudebel amocanas warmoadgens SesaZlebelia mxolod maRalintensiuri baRebis gaSenebiT drois mcire monakveTSi. igi gulisxmobs saukeTeso jiSebis nergis miRebas

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daCqarebuli wesiT. am mxriv metad perspeqtiulia nergis warmoeba daxuruli fesvTa sistemiT da baRebis gaSeneba mwvane nergiT.

nergis gamoyvanis es meTodi farTod gamoiyeneba mravalwlian kulturebSi nergis mwarmoebel msoflios mraval qveynebSi.

kaklisa da Txilis kulturisaTvis nergis miReba daxuruli fesvTa sistemiT gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens.

kakals metad Zlieri fesvTa sistema gaaCnia da zrdis pirvelive wels igi niadagis Rrma fenebSi vrceldeba, romlis sigrZe xSirad 10-jer aRemateba miwiszeda nawilis simaRles. vinaidan kaklis mynobisaTvis gamoiyeneba mxolod 1-2 wliani saZireebi (Teslnergebi), sanergidan maTi amoReba fesvTa sistemis dazianebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. amoRebisas saZireebi xSirad ziandeba, dazianebuli adgilebidan iWreba paTogenebi, rac xSirad gadarguli mcenareebis gaxmobas iwvevs.

saqarTveloSi Txilis baRebis gaSeneba ZiriTadad buCqis amonayrebidan miRebuli nergebiT xdeba. nergs Zalian sustad ganviTarebuli fesvTa sistema gaaCnia, romlis regeneracia gadargvisas Znelad mimdinareobs, xSirad nergi xmeba da axlad gaSenebuli baRebi gameCxerebulia, periodulad mimdinareobs maTi Sevseba, ris gamoc baRebi araerTgvarovania. baRSi vxvdebiT sxvadasxva asakis da jiSis mcenareebs. igi aZnelebs baRSi agroteqnikuri samuSaoebis droulad da xarisxianad Sesrulebas. jiSuri siWrele arTulebs mosavlis aRebas da daxarisxebas, maSin, roca saerTaSoriso standartiT mkacrad moiTxoveba Txilis jiSuri erTgvarovneba.

sainteresoa nuSis nergis gamoyvana konteinerebSi daxuruli fesvTa sistemiT. igi nuSis nergis gadargvis Semdeg gaxarebis metad maRal Sedegebs iZleva.

grantis farglebSi Cataruli kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena nergis warmoebis am meTodis dadebiTi mxareebi; kaklis kulturaSi namyenis gaxarebis maRali Sedegebi, Txilis amonayrebis intensiuri zrda da Zlieri fesvTa sistema, kaklis, Txilisa da nuSis nergis gadargvis Semdeg gaxarebis maRali (85-95) procenti.

SezRudul areSi nergis gamoyvanisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva saxis mcire moculobis konteinerebi: polieTilenis toprakebi, plastmasis vedroebi, spe-cialuri qoTnebi da sxv. mosaxerxebeli da iafia polieTilenis toprakebi: kaklisa da nuSisaTvis zomiT 40-20 sm, TxilisaTvis zomiT 30-20 sm. kaklisaTvis Zalzed efeqturia plastmasis vedroebi zomiT 23X22sm.

konteinerebSi nergis aRsazrdelad sakveb substratad misaRebia nazavi: kordis miwa 50% da gadamwvari nakeli 50%. SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iqnas miwis, neSompalas da torfis nazavi SefardebiT 50%+25%+25%. SemoTavazebuli nazavi mdidaria mcenarisaTvis aucilebeli sakvebi nivTierebebiT, romelic uzrunvelyofs nergis normalur zrda-ganviTarebas, rogorc sawyis etapze konteinerebSi, ise mudmiv adgilze gadargvis Semdeg baRSi.

saZireebis misaRebad kaklisa da nuSis Tesli konteinerebSi daTesili iqna Semodgomaze, xolo Txilis buCqidan miRebuli amonayrebi dairgo gazafxulze saTiTaod da gadaWrili iqna 10-12 sm simaRleze. mcenareebis movla Cveulebrivia: morwyva, gamokveba, mavnebel-daavadebebTan da sarevelebTan brZola, zedmeti amonayrebis Secla da a.S. kaklis saZireebi vegetaciis bolosaTvis, xolo nuSis – agvistoSi aRweven samynobad saWiro standartis maCveneblebs. Txilis nergi mudmiv adgilze gadasargavad mzadaa konteinerebSi dargvidan 3-4 Tvis Semdeg.

kaklis mynoba konteinerebSi aRzrdil saZireebze mimdinareobs zamTar-gazafxulis periodSi.

kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom kaklis zamTar-gazafxulze mynobisas namyenis Sexorceba-gaxarebis maRali Sedegebi miiReba - enakebiT, gapobiT, SexebiT da kalmiT kanqveS mynobisas. namyenis stratifikacia mimdinareobs 22-23 an 26-280 da haeris 80-85% tenianobis pirobebSi winaswar mduRare wyalSi damuSavebul svel naxerxSi. stratifikaciis periodi 18-20 dRe grZeldeba. stratifikaciis damTavrebis da gakaJebis Semdeg, romlis xangrZlivoba 10-15 dRea, namyeni nergi dalagdeba ganaTebul Ria adgilas an oranJereaSi. oranJereaSi Seqmnili mikroklimati xels uwyobs Sexorcebis procesis gagrZelebas da namyenis intensiur zrdas.

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namyeni nergi zrdis meore talRis dawyebisas SesaZlebelia darguli iqnas mudmiv adgilas baRSi. misaRebia misi dargva gvian Semodgomaze an adre gazafxulze.

konteinerebSi aRzrdil nuSis saZireebze mynoba Catardeba Cveulebrivi wesiT agvistoSi. Sexorcebis Semdeg namyeni adre gazafxulze kvirtis zrdis dawyebisas konteinerebiT gadairgveba baRSi.

kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena meTodis dadebiTi mxareebi: gadargvis welsve moxdes mcenaris formireba, rac 1-2 wliT amcirebs msxmoiarobaSi Sesvlis periods.

kaklis maRalintensiuri baRebis gasaSeneblad rekomendirebulia rogorc qarTuli, ise ucxouri seleqciuri jiSebi: nugo, Cita, forma 2, forma 3, xviTi; fraguli jiSebi – lara, Cendleri, ferjini, seri; bulgaruli jiSebi – silistrenski, slivenski, izvor-10.

aRniSnuli jiSebi xasiaTdebian yovelwliuri maRali mosavlianobiT, lateraluri msxmoiarobiT, nayofebis da gulis saukeTeso komerciuli SesaxedaobiT, gulis maRali 50% da meti gamosavlianobiT, TxelnaWuWianobiT, gulis gamoRebis siadviliT, mcenareebis susti an saSualo zrdiT da sxva mravali dadebiTi biologiuri da sameurneo niSanTvisebebiT.

Txilis intensiuri tipis baRebis gasaSeneblad saukeTesoa cnobili qarTuli jiSebi – gulSiSvela, anakliuri, Svelisyura, SerCeuli axali formebi – ## 15, 29, 31, Semotanili jiSebi – tonda jentile, tonda jifoni, tonda romana, ganja rogorc damamtverianebeli.

aRniSnuli jiSebi da formebi gamoirCevian uxvi msxmoiarobiT, garemo pirobebisadmi kargi SeguebiT, nayofis saukeTeso xarisxiT, gulis maRali (50% da meti) gamosavlianobiT, saburvelidan nayofebis gamorCevis siadviliT, advilad mtvrevadobiT, SedarebiT mcire zomis varjiT da sxv. mravali dadebiTi biologiuri da sameurneo TvisebebiT.

nuSis samrewvelo baRebis gasaSeneblad saukeTeso biologiuri da sameurneo maCveblebiT xasiaTdeba qarTuli jiSebi: lisi, gika, patarZeuli 10, qarTuli 6, patarZeuli 1; Semotanili jiSebi – tuono, supernova, geko, ferani.

aRniSnuli jiSebi gamoirCevian: gviani yvavilobiT, rac mniSvnelovania nuSisaTvis, uxvi da regularuli msxmoiarobiT, nayofebis maRali sasaqonlo TvisebebiT, TxelnaWuWianobiT, gulis maRali gamosavlianobiT da sxva dadebiTi TvisebebiT.

kaklovani kulturebis maRalintensiuri baRebis gaSenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia: jiSis zrdis siZliere da msxmoiarobis tipi, farTobis erTeulze mcenareTa dgomis sixSire, varjis formirebis wesi, Stambis simaRle da sxv.

kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom kaklis itensiuri tipis baRebi lateraluri msxmoirobis tipis jiSebiT unda gaSendes 7X3 da 7X5, xolo susti zrdis Sereuli msxmoiarobis tipis jiSebiT – 7X6, 7X8 metr kvebis areze.

Txilis baRebis mosavlianobis da produqciis xarisxis zrdis safuZvels vake adgilebze erT Stambiani maRalintenisiuri tipis baRebis gaSeneba da mcenaris asakisa da ganviTarebis Sesabamisad maTi movla-moyvanis teqnologiuri procesebis regulireba warmoadgens.

rac ufro meti deda totisagan Sedgeba buCqi miT ufro mcirea TiTeulis sisqe da moklea sicocxlis xangrZlivoba. buCqSi ganaTebis Semcirebis paralelurad gantotvis da nayofwarmoqmnis intensivoba mcirdeba, igi periferiebisaken gadadis. CaxSirebul buCqSi saukeTeso pirobebi iqmneba mavnebel-daavadebaTa intensiuri gavrcelebisaTvis, gaZnelebulia maTze kontroli da maT winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebebis Catareba. aseT nargaobebSi dabalia produqtiuloba da produqciis xarisxi.

niadagur-klimaturi pirobebisa da jiSebis zrdis siZlieris mixedviT erT Stambiani baRebi unda gaSendes 4X3; 5X2,5; 5X3 metr kvebis areze. Stambis simaRle ganisazRvreba 0,5-0,6 metriT.

nuSis baRebis gaSenebisaRvis misaRebia 7X6 da 7X8 metri kvebis are. kaklovani kulturebis baRebis gaSeneba konteinerebSi aRzrdili nergiT

daxuruli fesvTa sistemiT SesaZlebelia wlis nebismier dros.

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nergis dargva xdeba winaswar gamzadebul, dagegmil nakveTze, sadac gakeTebulia dasargavi ormoebi 40X40 sm zomiT. ormoSi Caiyreba nakelSereuli miwa (nazavi) da kargad moirwyveba. ormoSi moTavsdeba namyeni da frTxilad SemoeWreba polieTilenis topraki, mieyreba miwa da kvlav moirwyveba. dargvis Semdeg namyeni Wigoze aikvreba.

baRebis gaSenebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia damamtverianebeli jiSebis swori ganlageba.

gaSenebuli baRebis Semdgomi movla Cveulebrivia: rigTaSorisebis kultivacia, sarevelebTan da mavnebel-daavadebebTan brZola, morwyva, mcenareTa kveba da formireba.

kvlevis periodSi kaklis kulturaze mavneblebidan aRiniSna: kaklis galebiani tkipa, kaklis didi bugri, kaklis bugri, vaSlis nayofWamia. daavadebebidan – kaklis foTlebis mura laqianoba, anTraqnozi, fuzariozi.

nuSis kulturaze mavneblebidan aRiniSna – nuSis bugri, aRmosavluri nayofWamia, vaSlis menaRme CrCili msxlis baRlinjo, xolo daavadebebidan – nuSis klasterosporiozi da foTlebis sixuWuWe.

Txilis kulturaze mavneblebidan aRiniSna da didi ziani moaqvs Txilis kvirtis tkipas, Txilis bugrs, Txilis Sav xarabuzas, amerikul TeTr pepelas, xolo daavadebebidan – Txilis nacars, sanergeSi ki – fuzariozs.

gaSenebul baRebSi masiurad aRiniSneboda rogorc erTwliani orlebniani da marcvlovani ise mravalwliani sarevelebis mravalferovneba.

mavnebel-daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli iqna brZolis rogorc agroteqnikuri, ise qimiuri meTodebi.

kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom mavneblebis winaaRmdeg maRali efeqturobiT gamoirCeva – inseqticidebi: decis profi 0,1 kg ha-ze, kofidor maqsi 0,1 kg ha-ze, bi-58 axali 2 l ha-ze, zoloni 2 l ha-ze. akaricidebi: envidori 0,4-0,6 l ha-ze, neoroni 1,5-2 l ha-ze.

daavadebebis winaaRmdeg maRalefeqturia: adre gazafxulze 3% -iani bordouli siTxe, xolo Semdeg vegetaciis periodSi – antrakoli 2,5-3 kg ha-ze, kupervali 5 kg ha-ze, kuproqsati 5 l ha-ze, topazi 0,4 l ha-ze.

sarevelebis winaaRmdeg maRalefeqturia totaluri mospobis herbicidebi: uragani, klini, rumbo da sxv. glifosatis jgufidan 3-4 l ha-ze. Sesxureba unda ganxorcieldes. kulturis dacviT specialuri SemasxurebliT. seleqciuri moqmedebis herbicidebidan saukeTesoa – furore superi da fuziladi forte 1-2 l ha-ze.

literatura

1. n. Sengelia, i. vasaZe, n. mrotaZe, n. miqaZe da sxv. saqarTvelos kaklovani kulturebi (kakali, Txili, nuSi) jiSebi. atlasi, Tbilisi 2004. gv.68.

2. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis saministros statistikis departamenti. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis statistikuri krebuli. Tbilisi, 2007 w.

3. rekomendacia – Txilis intensiuri tipis baRis gaSenebis da movlis progresuli teqnologia. Tbilisi, 2003 w.

4. l. cxvedaZe – nuSis klasterosporiozi da mis winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZieba. saq. s.m.m. akademiis moambe, # 14, Tbilisi, 2005 w.

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Производство саженцев орехоплодных (грецкий орех, миндаль, фундук) культур и технология закладки - ухода мало контурных высокоинтенсивных садов.

Ю. Васадзе, Н. Шенгелия, Н. Миротадзе, Л. Гогинава, Н. Микадзе, З. Чилашвили, М. Баиадзе, Г. Мшвениерадзе.

НИИСВ и В

Резюме: Фундаментом закладки сортов орехоплодных культур является производство

высококачественных саженцев этих культур, получение которых рассматриваются в статье. Закладка мало контурных садов должно производится такими сортами, которые обеспечат в

перспективе получения высококачественных и обильных урожаев этих культур. В статье рассмотрены вопросы касающиеся полученых данных эксперимента на этих культурах

(грецкий орех, миндаль, фундук), а также производство саженцев разными способами; размещение в садах и их биологические и хозяйственные свойства.

Production of perspective varieties of planting materials of nut culture (walnut, nut, almond) and work out of technology system of small contour and high intensive orchards.

I. Vasadze, N. Shengelia, N. Mirotadze, L. Goginava, N. Mikadze, Z. Chilashvili, M. Baiadze, G. Mshvenieradze

Summary: the base of a bookmark of grades nut cultures is manufacture of high-quality saplings of

these cultures which reception are considered in article. Bookmark few planimetric gardens should is made by such grades which will provide In the long

term receptions of high-quality and plentiful crops of these cultures. In article questions concerning the received data of experiment on these Cultures (a walnut al-

monds a filbert) and also manufacture of saplings of these cultures by different ways placing in orchards and their biological and economic properties are considered.

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mexileobis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba

saqarTveloSi

iuza vasaZe _ saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi,

soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.

r e z i u m e

SromaSi ganxilulia mexileobis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi, maTi

saerTo mdgomareoba farTobebTan, jiSur SemadgenlobasTan da xilis warmoebasTan da-kavSirebiT. mocemulia agreTve soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis ricxovneba, dasaqmeba eko-nomikaSi da maT Soris soflis meurneobaSi; soflis meurneobis produqciis gamoSveba da misgan miRebuli Semosavlebis wili ojaxuri meurneobebis fulad SemosavlebSi (procen-tobiT); ganxilulia sasoflo-sameurneo sargeblobaSi arsebuli miwa mexileobis zonebis mixedviT; sasuqebis, arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis mdgomareoba da sxva.

soflis meurneoba adamianis keTildReobas emsaxureba. keTildReoba cxovre-

bis xarisxis filosofias emyareba da farTo infrastruqturasa da problemaTa rTul speqtrs moicavs. maT Soris umTavresia pirveli moTxovnilebaTa sagnebiT adamianis dakmayofileba. soflis meurneobis depresiisa da krizisis pirobebSi es sakiTxTa sakiTxia. amitom qveynis soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos am dargisa da masTan da-kavSirebuli sxva dargebis kompleqsur ganviTarebas, vinaidan swored maTze iqneba damokidebuli mwvave sasursaTo problemebis gadawyveta, soflis meurneobaSi arsebuli krizisis daZleva da saboloo jamSi mTeli am dargis efeqtiani fun-qcionireba.

arsebuli bazris gajereba mosaxleobis kvebis fiziologiuri moTxovnilebis normebis doneze da soflis meurneobis dargebis efeqtiani funqcionireba sa-bazro koniunqturis gaTvaliswinebiT, bevrad aris dakavSirebuli agrosamrewvelo integraciis rTul procesebis optimalur, mecnierulad dasabuTebul regulire-basTan. is ver ganviTardeba mTeli soflis meurneobis integraciisa da kavSirurTierTobaTa ganmtkicebis gareSe. amitom soflis meurneobis urTierT-kavSiris gaRrmavebaSi, sxva faqtorebTan erTad mniSvnelovani adgili ganekuTvneba dargis ekonomikur, organizaciul da mmarTvelobiT urTierTobebsa da maT sru-lyofas.

arsebuli ekonomikuri da politikuri krizisis fonze mecnieruli azric ganicdis kriziss. amdenad bunebrivia, rom soflis meurneobis kompleqsSi, sxva problemebTan arTad, saWiroa moxdes axal meTodologiaze gadasvla, romelic damyarebuli iqneba gaRrmavebul analizsa da gamokvlevaze.

mexileobis dargis ganviTareba dakavSirebuli iyo ara marto xexilis im sargavi masalis jiSobriv SemadgenlobasTan, romelsac arsebuli saxelmwifo sanergeebi awarmoebdnen, aramed dakavSirebuli iyo agreTve gaumjobesebuli axali jiSebis gamoyvanasTan, meqanizaciis donesTan, mavneblebTan da daavadebebTan brZolis maRal teqnikasTan da xexilis baRSi niadagis gardaqmna-gakulturebasTan, rac saubedurod dReisaTvis karg mogonebad Tu warmogvidgenia.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mebaReobis, mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis instituti in-tensiurad saqmianobs am mxriv, mainc igrZnoba am dargSi CamorCenebi, rac sagrZno-blad moqmedebs dargis ganviTarebaze. amis magaliTad SeiZleba moviyvanoT nergis warmoebis sakiTxi. marTalia institutis uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT xdeboda xex-ilovani kulturebisa da jiSebis daraioneba, romelic safuZvlad edo qveyanaSi nergebis damzadebas, mainc ver xerxdeboda da ar xerxdeba mexileobis moTxov-nilebis dakmayofileba nergebiT, rac ZiriTadad am droisaTvis Tavmoyrilia kerZo seqtorSi da sadac SeiZleba iTqvas, sruli qaosi da ganukiTxaobaa.

unda aRiniSnos mravalwliani kulturebis farTobebis mkveTri Semcireba.

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saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT 2000 wlis 1/1 mdgomareobiT ZiriTadi mravalwliani kulturebis (xexili, venaxi) farTobi qvey-anaSi 179.7 aTas has Seaadgens. sadac wamyvani kultura xexili iyo 81.3 aT-ha anu 45.2%. Semdeg midiodnen venaxi 70.9 aTasi ha anu 39.5%; subtropikuli kulturebi 27.3 aTasi ha anu 15.2% da kenkrovnebi 0.2 aTasi ha anu 0.1% rogorc cnobilia saqarTveloSi 2004 weli Catarda. sasoflo sameurneo aRwera, romlis drosac aR-werili iyo aseve mravalwliani kulturebi. am aRweris monacemebiT ZiriTadi mra-valwliani kulturebis aRwera Semdeg suraTs gvaZlevs. maTi mTliani farTobi iyo 83.2 aTasi ha. maT Soris venaxsa (37.4 aTasi ha anu 45%) da xexils (36.9 aTasi ha anu 44.4%) TiTqmis Tanabari farTobi uWiravT. Semdeg modian, subtropikuli kul-turebis plantaciuri (10.4 aTasi ha anu 8.4%) da kenkrovnebi (0.3 aTasi ha 0.2%).

2000-2004 wlebis Sedarebis ZiriTadi mravalwlian kulturebis farTobebi Semcirebulia 96.5 aTasi ha-Ti, m/S xexili 44.4 ha-Ti, venaxi 37.4 aTasi ha-Ti, sub-tropikebi 18.6 aTasi ha-Ti, xolo kenkrovnebma 0.1 aTasi ha moimates.

sagrZnobi Zvrebia farTobis matebis mxriv qveyanaSi 2004-2009 wlebSi rodesac mravalwlianma kulturebma 83.2 aTasi ha-dan 111.5 aTas ha-mde anu 28.3 aTasi ha mateba ganicada. am SemTxvevaSic mateba aris venaxisa (15.1 aTasi ha) da xexilis (13.4 aTasi ha) xarjze modis. rac Seeceba kenkrovnebs maT cvalebadoba TiTqmis ar ganucdiaT, xolo suptropikuli kulturebis farTobebi Semcirda 0.3 aTasi ha-Ti. (cxrili #1).

mkveTri cvalebadoba ganicades xexilovan kulturaTa farTobebmac 2000-2009 wlebSi. gansakuTrebiT es daetyo Teslovan kulturaTa baRebs.

Teslovan kulturebs 2000 wlis mdgomareobiT qveyanaSi arsebuli xexilovan kulturaTa Soris 81.5 aTasi ha-dan 64.6 aTasi ha ekavaT anu 79.1%. 2004 wels misi farTobi 12.5 aTasi ha-mde anu 52.1 aTasi ha-Ti Semcirda. xolo 2009 wlis bolosaT-vis es farTobebi 2.9 aTasi haTi gaizarda da Seadgina 15.4 aTasi ha. anu 2000 welTan SedarebiT igi Semcirebulia 49.2 aTasi ha-Ti.

cxrili #1.

ZiriTadi mravalwliani kulturebis farTobi 2000-2004 (aRweriT) _ 2009 wlebis mdgomareobiT

2000 2004 2009 # mraval-

wliani nar-gaoba

farTobi % farTobi % farTobi %

1 xexili 81,3 45,2 36,9 44,4 50,3 45,1 2 kenkrovani 0,2 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,3 3 sub. kul.

plant. 27,3 15,2 8,7 10,4 8,4 7,5

4 venaxi 70,9 39,5 37,4 45,0 52,5 47,1 sul 179,7 100 83,2 100 111,5 100

kurkovani kulturebi, romelTa farTobi 2000 wels 7.8 aTas ha-s anu mTeli

xexilovani kulturebis 9.6% Seadgenda 2004 wlis 6.2 aTasi ha, xolo 2009 wlis 4.8 aTas ha iyo anu misi farTobebi, wlebis mixedviT Semcirebulia Sesabamisad 1.6 da 3.0 aTasi ha-Ti.

cxrili #2.

xexilovani kulturebis farTobi 2000-2004 (aRweris) _ 2009 wlis mdgomareo-biT

2000 2004 2009 # xexilis kulturebi farTobi % farTobi % farTobi %

1 Teslovnebi 64,6 79,1 12,5 33,9 15,4 31,9 2 kurkovnebi 7,8 9,6 6,2 16,8 4,8 9,9 3 kaklovnebi. 8,3 10,2 16,6 45,2 26,2 54,2 4 kenkrovnebi 0,2 0,9 0,3 0,8 0,3 0,7 5 sxvadasxva 0,6 1,2 1,2 3,3 1,6 3,3 sul 81,5 100 36,8 100 48,3 100

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gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia kaklovani kulturebis, kerZod Txilis kul-turis, farTobebis zrda. romelic 8.3 aTasi ha-dan 26.2 aTas hamde anu 315%-iT gai-zarda misi farTobebis zrdis dinamika ase gamoiyureba. 2000 wlidan 2005 wlamde es farTobi 8.3 aTasi ha-dan 16.6 anu 195%-iT gaizarda, xolo 2005 dan 2010 wlamde farTobis 10.4 aTasi ha-Ti gadidda anu 155% da Seadgina 26.2 aTasi ha. (cxrili #2).

rac Seexeba kenkrovan kulturebis farTobebs, rogorc Cvens mier zemoT iyo naTqvami, meT mkveTri cvalebadobebi ar ganucdiaT da 0.2-03 aTasi ha Soris mer-yeobda.

xexilis baRebis nargavebi xexilis jgufebis mixedviT, romelic mocemulia cxrili #3-Si ganxiluli gvaqvs mexileobis zonebis mixedviT.

cxrili 3

xexilis baRebis nargavebi xexilis jgufebis mixedviT

2000 wlisa da 2004 wlis aRweriT (ha)

xexilis jgufebis mixedviT sagrZnobi cvlilebebia maTi farTobebis Sedare-

bis dros. yvelaze didi farTobi Semcirebulia Teslovan kulturebSi. TuU maTi farTobi 2000 wels iyo 65 630 ha, 2004 wlisaTvis igi Semcirda 12479 hamde anu 53151 ha-Ti. mexileobis zonebis mixedviT farTobebis Semcireba Semdeg suraTs iZleva: yvela meti farTobebis Semcireba Sida qarTlis mexileobis zonaSia _ 32 652 ha-dan 9665 ha-mde anu 22987 ha; Semdeg modian: imereTis mexileobis zona 7082 dan _ 221 anu 6861 ha; qvemo qarTlis 7024 hadan 294 ha-mde anu 6730 ha. 56 54 ha-dan 304 ha-mde anu 5350 ha; gansakuTrebiT Semcirebuli farTobebia mcxeTa _ TianeTis, raWa-leCxumis da zemo svaneTis, kaxeTisa da guriis mexileobis zonebSi da aWaris a.r.-Si (97ha). am kulturebis sagrZnobi mateba imereTis (171 ha), Sida qarTlis (588) da guriis (27 ha) mexileobis zonebSi aRiniSna. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia kaxeTis mexileobis zona sadac farTobebi 315 ha-dan 2170 hamde gaizarda da matebam 1855 ha Seadgina.

sagrZnobi mateba ganicades kaklovani kulturebis kaklis, nuSisa da Txilis farTobebma. Tu igi 2000 wels 8555 ha iyo, 2004 wlis man moimata 8013 ha Seadgina 16 568 ha. farTobebis mateba gansakuTrebiT aRiniSna Semdeg mexileobis zonebSi; imereTis (1371 ha), samegrelo da zemo svaneTis (10139 ha). guriis (3388 ha) da qvemo qarTli (144 ha) mexileobis zonebsa da aWaraSi a. r-Si (296 ha) farTobebis klebas adgili hqonda kaxeTsa da mcxeTa-TianeTis mexileobis zonebSi.

kaklovani kulturebis farTobebis zrda ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia Txilis kulturis farTobebis masobrivi gaSenebiT saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli per-speqtiuli jiSebiTa da formebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom marto samegrelo da zemo svaneTis, guriisa da imereTis mexileobis zonebSi am periodSi gaSenebuli aris 14898 ha.

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subtropikuli kulturebmac am periodSi ganicades mateba 1156 ha-Ti. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia: TiTqmis yvela mexileobis zona, garda guriis mex-ileobis zonisa, sadac maTi farTobebi umniSvnelodaa gadidebuli (51 ha)

xexilovani kulturebis farTobi, maT Soris msxmoiare asakSi, maTi mosavali da saSualo mosavali ganxiluli gvaqvs 2006-2007-2008 wlebis monacemebis safuZ-velze ZiriTadi wamyvani kulturebisaTvis. am periodisaTvis xexilovan kul-turaTa farTobi Sesabamisad 43.0, 44.9 da 44.6 aTas ha-s udrida, maT Soris msxmoiare iyo Sesabamisad 29.0, 31.7 da 33.2. aqedan gamomdianre SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom am wlebSi adgili hqonda xexilis gaSenebas da axalSenebi wlebis mixedviT iyo: 2000 wels 14.0; 2007-13.2 da 2008 wels _ 11.4 aTas ha. mosavali Sesabamisad iyo 45.8; 113.0 da 61.0 aT-tona, xolo saSvalo mosavalma Seadgina 1.9, 3.9 da 2.2 t.

cxrili #4

xilis warmoeba (2006 – 2009 w.w.) mexileobis zonebis mixedviT (aTasi tona)

wamyvani kulturebis mxriv farTobis ase nawildeba: Txilis kulturas wamy-

vani adgili ekava xexilovnebs Soris da misi farTobebi am periodSi iyo Sesa-bamisad: 23.7; 25.0 da 25.2 aT. ha. aqedan msxmoiare asakSi iyo Sesabamisad 15.3; 18.2 da 18.3 aTasi ha. e.i. axalSenebi am eriodisaTvis 8.4; 6.8 da 6.9 aTasi ha iyo. mosavalma 20.2; 17.6 da 14.9 aTas tonis, xolo saSualo mosavalma 1.3,1.0 da 1.0 aT. tona Seadg-ina. vaSlis kulturas 10.6; 11.2 da 14.0 aTasi ha farTobi ekava da sadac msxmoiare 6.7; 7.1 da 9.3 aTasi ha iyo. mosavalma 11.9; 74.0 da 22.5, xolo saSualo mosavalma 1.8; 10.4 da 2.4 tona Seadgina.

atmis kultura 2000 wlidan 2.8 aTasi ha-dan 2008 wels gaizarda da 6.3 aTasi ha Seadgina. maT Soris msxmoiare asakSi man 1.8, 21 da 3.5 aTas ha, romelTa mo-savali Sesabamisad 2.5; 5.9 da 11.0, xolo saSualo mosavali 1.4; 2.8 da 3.1 aTasi tona iyo (cxrili 4).

danarCen kulturebs msxals, qliavs, tyemals, kakals, nuSs, subtropikul xilsa da kenkrovnebs 0.4-dan _ 1.1-mde aTas ha farTobebi ekavaT; msxmoiaroba 0.3 dan 1.5 aTas ha-mde meryeobs; mosavalma Sesabamisad 3.1 dan 0.3 aTas t. xolo saSu-alo mosaval 3.0 _ 3.8 aTas t. Seadgina.

xilis warmoeba mexileobis zonebis mixedviT mocemulia #5 cxrilSi, sadac ganxiluli 2006-2009 wlebis monacemebi. rogorc cxrilidan irkveva xilis war-moeba yvela maRali iyo 2007 wels, rodesac man 227.6 aTas tonas miaRwia danarCen 2006, 2008 da 2009 wels igi Sesabamisad 153.3; 157.6 da 181.2 aTas tonas udrida. mex-ileobis zonebis mixedviT igi yvelaze maRali iyo 2007 wlis Sida qarTlSi (68.5 aTasi t.) xolo yvelaze dabali qvemo qarTli 2009 wels. 7.1 aTasi t.

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cxrili 5 xilis warmoeba (2006 – 2009 w.w.) mexileobis

zonebis mixedviT (aTasi tona)

# mexileobis zonebi 2006 2007 2008 2009 1 imereTis 35,6 26,6 29,3 17,4 2 samegrelo da zemo

svaneTi 45,9 34,5 33,3 25,9

3 Sida qarTli 20,3 68,5 17,3 66,8 4 kaxeTi 9,7 13,4 29,2 20,1 5 qvemo qarTli 7,7 20,2 12,4 7,1 6 samcxe-javaxeTi 1,5 18,3 11,2 19,1 7 aWaris a.r. 7,7 16,6 12,7 8,2 8 danarCeni raionebi 24,9 29,4 22,2 16,6 sul 153,3 227,5 157,6 181,2

mexileobis Tanamedrove mdgomareobas ganvixilavT, rogorc did saxelmwi-

foebriv mniSvnelobis saqmes, romelic yvela qveynis moqalaqisa da mTavrobis mxriv yoveldRiur xelmZRvenelobas moiTxovs. amisaTvis saWiroa, saswrafod aR-vadginoT agronomebis, meqanizatorebis, melioratorebis da sxva specialistebis imiji im mxriv, rom daubrunoT am dargs Tavisi adgili qveynis soflis meurneo-baSi. am dargis aRmavloba qveynis gadarCenisa da soflis meurneobis aRmavlobis erTaderT swor gzad unda CaiTvalos. amasTanave aucilebliv CavTvaleT mogve-wodebina bolo monacemebi im aucilebel sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, romelTa ganxilvac dakavSirebulia mexileobis ganviTarebasTan.

saqarTveloSi sasoflo meurneobis raodenoba mexileobis zonebis mixedviT 2010 wels 1/1 mdgomareobiT Seadgenda 796 aTas erTeuls. maT Soris ojaxuri meurneoba 794 aTass, xolo 2,0 aTasi erTeuli sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoos war-moadgenda. aqedan yvelaze meti ojaxuri meurneoba modis imereTis mexileobis zonaze 169 aTasi erTeuli, anu 21,2%-s; Semdeg modian kaxeTis 125 aTasi erTeuli, -15,7% samegrelo da zemo svaneTis 109 aTasi erTeuli – 13,7% da qvemo qarTlis 97 aTasi erTeuli – 12,2% da Sida qarTlis 82 aTasi erTeuli – 10,3%; SedarebiT da-bali saprocento maCveneblebi aqvT aWaris, mcxeTa-mTianeTis, raWa-leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTisa da guriis mexileobis zonebs.

soflis mosaxleobis ricxovanoba mocemuli gvaqvs 2000-2009 w.w. maCveneblebis mixedviT. dawyebuli 2000 wlidan 2009 wlamde TiTqmis Tanabaria da 2010 wlisaT-vis igi 2076 aTas kacs Seadgenda qveynis mTeli mosaxleobis 47,3 %-s.

miuxedavad aseTi maCveneblebisa irkveva, rom sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebis realizaciis dros miRebuli Semosavlebis wili. ojaxuri meurneobebis fulad SemosavlebSi mxolod 9.5-15.5 (2000 w.) procenetebSi meryeobs, rac SeiZleba dabal maCveneblad CaiTvalos.

metad mniSvnelovan Taviseburebas warmoadgens agreTve qveynis miwiT uzrun-velyofis SedarebiT dabali done. mosaxleobis erT sulze modis samnaxevarjer naklebi sasoflo – sameurneo savargulo da oTxjer naklebi saxnavi, vidre saSu-alod mTel mezobel qveynebSi erTad aRebuls. amas aseve gansazRvravs mosaxleo-bis didi simWidrove da qveynis mTel teritoriaze sasoflo-sameurneo savar-gulis dabali xvedriTi wona, agreTve saxnavi farTobebis simcire sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis saerTo farTobSi.

saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT sasoflo meurneobis sargeblobaSi miwa mexileobis zonebis mixedviT 2009 wlis 1/1 Seadgenda 914 aTas ha-s. maT Soris 717 aTasi ha Seadgenda sakuTrebas, xolo 197 ijariT aRebuls.

sasoflo sameurneo sargeblobaSi arsebuli sasoflo – sameurneo savar-gulebisaTvis gamoyenebulia sul 838 aTasi heqtari., saidanac 130 aTasi ha dau-muSavebelia, xolo 329 damuSavebuli. saTibebi da saZovrebi Seadgens 264 aTas ha-s, xolo mravalwliani nargavebi 115 aTas ha-s. savargulebis mxriv yvela didi far-Tobebi aqvT kaxeTis 315 aTasi ha, - anu 39,9%-i qvemo qarTlis 125 aTasi ha anu 15,0%, imereTis 88 aTasi ha anu 10,5%, Sida qarTlis 69 aTasi ha anu 8,3% da same-grelo-zemo svaneTis 8 aTasi ha, anu 9,7%, mexileobis zonebs.

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sasuqebis gamoyenebisa da mcenareTa dacvis RonisZiebebis droulad da xarisxianad Catarebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces Tanamedrove pe-riodSi, rodesac soflis meurneobis struqturam radikaluri cvlilebebi gani-cada: savargulebis udidesi nawili kerZo mesakuTreobaSi gadavida, ramdenadme Seicvala mcenareTa dacvis samsaxuri, momsaxureobis pirobebi, mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebiT, specdaniSnulebis manqana aparaturiT momarageba da maTze moTxov-nilebis dakmayofileba; Semcirda sabaziso ganaTlebis (mcenareTa dacva) mqone kvalificiuri kadrebiT momsaxurebis Sevsebis SesaZlebloba, mcenareTa dacvaSi mcenareuli da praqtikuli moRvaweobis propaganda, axali miRwevebisa da ga-mocdilebis, Sesabamisad soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebuli specialistebis kvali-filaciis amaRlebis da gadamzadebis SesaZlebloba.

mcenareTa dacvis saSualebebis bazari daipyro uxarisxo, vadagasulma da xSirad aramiznobrivad gamosayenebelma pesticidebma, maTi gamoyeneba xSirad ver iZleva sasurvel Sedegs da iwvevs garemos dabinZurebas; mcenareTa dacvis saSu-alebebis ukiduresad maRali Rirebulebis gamo momxmarebeli Tavs ikavebs misi SeZenisagan; Semcirda mosaxleobis axali instruqcia-rekomendaciebiT uzrunvely-ofa, garTulda specdaniSnulebis literaturis gamocema da dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisadmi misi miwodeba.

meqanizaciis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas Cans, rom 2007 wlis 1/1 mdgomareobiT qveyanaSi sul 50,0 traqtori emsaxureboda soflis meurneobas m/S 5 wlamde asakis iyo 1,0 aTasi, 5-10 wlamde 17,2 aTasi, xolo 31,0 aTasi 10 welze uxnesi. aseTive mZime mdgomareoba iyo da aris sxva sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikisa da misabmeli mowyo-bilobebis mxrivac. aseTive mdgomareobaa satvirTo avtomanqanebis mxrivac.

saqarTvelos mexileiobis ZiriTad zonebSi qvemo qarTlSi, Sida qarTlsa da mesxeTSi, atmosferuli naleqebis simcirisa da wlis periodebis mixedviT maTi araTanabari ganawilebis, agreTve xSiri da Zlieri qarebis gamo, xexilis baRebis morwyva aucilebelia. danarCeni mexileobis zonis xexilis nargavebi urwyavadac xaroben, magram zogierT wels saWiroeben morwyvas. Aqedan gamomdinare, sarwyavi da urwuyavi baRebis farTobebi mexileobis zonebis mixedviT gansxvavdebian.

sarwyavi xexilis baRebi yvelaze metad Sida qarTlsa da samaCablos mex-ileobis zonaze modis, Semdeg modian samcxe_javaxeTi, qvemo qarTli, kaxeTi da mcxeTa_TianeTi. dasavleT saqarTvelos yvela zonaSi sarwyavi xexilis baRebs um-niSvnli farTobebi ukaviaT.

xexilis nergis aRzrda-formireba metad sapasuxismgebloa da maRalkvalifi-ciur personalTan erTad moiTxovs kargad mowyobil sanerge meurneobas. sanerge meurneobaSi, romelSic yvelaferi wesrigSia, yvela am pirobis dakmayofileba SesaZlebelia, rac Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs farTobis erTeulidan nergis gamo-savlianobasa da xarisxis gaumjobesebas.

dReisaTvis sanerge meurneobebis qseli mTlianad moSlilia, ganadgurebulia maTi materialur-teqnikuri baza, daingra unikaluri sastratifikacio saTburebi, niavdeba nergis warmoebisaTvis SerCeuli, saWiro mikro klimatiT uzrunvelyo-fili da mravalwliani SromiT gakulturebuli miwis farTobebi, moxda maRali kvalifikaciis specialistebis ganTesva da rac yvelaze damRupvelia – ikargeba aTeuli wlebiT SeZenili gamocdileba.

Cveni saxelmwifo struqturebi mTavar amocanad unda isaxavdnen aRniSnuli procesis yovelmxriv aRmofxvras, maTi saboloo mizani am procesisa unda iyos is, rom soflis meurneobis produqtebis uSualo mwarmoeblad TandaTanobiT gadaiqcnen kerZo mesakuTreni, fermerebi, kooperaciul-aqcioneruli Tu sxva sa-zogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi, xolo saxelmwifo saTanado struqturebi produqte-bis uSualo mwarmoeblidan gadaiqcnen kerZo da sazogado meurneobaTa mwarmoe-bluri saqmianobis maorganizebel-xelSemwyob instanciebad.

soflis meurneobaSi sasoflo-sameurneo kulturis axali jiSebi da hi-bridebi, srulyofili agroteqnika, sasuqebis da mcenare dacvis samsaxuris gamo-yeneba, rwyva, sanergeebis sakiTxis Seswavla, ar aris sakamrisi sasursaTo pro-gramis gadasaWrelad. zemoT CamoTvlil RonisZiebaTa Catareba, Tu is maRal doneze sruldeba, saSualebas gvaZlevs gadaiWras is problemebi, romlebic dRei-saTvis dgas soflis meurneobis winaSe.

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Современное состояние плодоводства в Грузии.

Ю. Васадзе НИИ СВ и В Резюме - В статье рассмотрены вопросы касающиеся современного состояния плодоводства в

Грузии, их площадей, сортового состава; производства саженцев и урожая. Анализируется состояние семейных хозяйств и их доходность; освоение сельскохозяйственных угодий; вопросы защиты растений; полива, механизации и перспективы развития плодоводства по плодоводческим зонам страны.

Modern situation of Fruit growing in Georgia.

I. Vasadze Summary - In article are considered questions concerning a fruit growing current state In Georgia

their squares of high-quality structure manufacture of saplings and a crop. The condition of family economy and their profitableness Development of agricultural grounds questions is analyzed; are sewn up plants of watering of mechanisation of Prospect of development of fruit growing on fruit-growing zones of the coun-try.

15

xexilis nergis industriuli teqnologiebiT warmoeba

nugzar Sengelia _ soflis meurneobis mecn. doqtori.

reziume – xexilis nergis industriuli teqnologiiT warmioeba iTvaliswinebs spe-

cialur konteinerebSi organizaciuli da teqnikur urTierTkavSirs RonisZiebaTa kom-pleqsiT namyeni nergis warmoebas, xexilis nergis didi raodenobiT misaRebad. daxurul fesvTa sistemiT, xeliT Sromis drois da saxsrebis minimaluri danaxarjebiT, efuZneba kompleqsur meqanizacias da avtomatizacias.

xexilis nergis industrialuri teqnologiebiT warmoeba konteinerebSi aris

organizaciuli da teqnikuri urTierTkavSiris RonisZiebaTa kompleqsi, teqnolo-giuri xerxebis, ganxorcielebuli xexilis nergebis didi raodenobis miRebis mizniT. daxuruli fesvTa sistemiT, xeliT Sromis, drois da saxsrebis mini-maluri danaxarjebiT, romelic efuZneba kompleqsur meqanizacias da avtomati-zaciis warmoebis procesebs, sasuqebis farTod gamoyenebas, masalebis teqnologi-uri gadawyvetis racionalizacias

namyeni nergis warmoeba konteinerebSi xorcieldeba nagebobebSi. (saTburebSi) an Ria farTobze soflis meurneobisaTvis gamouyenebul niadagebze. damokidebu-lia gaTvaliswinebul amocanaze. sargavi masalis gamoyenebis droze, SemodgomiT, gazafxuls Tu zafxulSi baRebis gaSenebisaTvis. namyeni nergi aRizrdeba erTwliani, orwliani an vegetaciaSi myofi (foTliT Semosili nergi). xexilis nergis aRzrdis konteinerebi (paketi) ZiriT, fesvebiT, simaRliT 30sm_35sm; 13-14 diametriT 4-5 litri moculobiTi dozatoris meSveobiT ivseba substratiT. sub-tratis damzadebisaTvis gamoiyeneba xelmisawvdomi, iafi komponentebi sxvadasxva SefardebiT – torfi, gadamwvari nakeli, xis qerqi da naxerxi. lianisebrTa nar-CeniT. mineraluri substratebidan gamoiyeneba mdinaris qviSa.

yirimis sacdel sadgurSi gamoiyeneba v. m. kolesnikis meTodi. konteinerebi subtratiT Tanamimdevrulad ewyoba blokebad mWidrod erTmaneTTan, fesvebiT maRlaa ganlagebuli maTi diametris mixedviT 1m2_es sasargeblo farTobze 49-56 cali.

blokis sigane 105-115 sm; blokebs Soris manZili, gzebis sigane 30 sm. niadagis zedapiri TiToeul blokSi ifareba polieTilenis apkiT, rom warmoiqmnas mTliani ekrani dargvis win TiToeuli konteineris `fskeris~ centris mixedviT basri lursmniT akeTeben amonaWers, xvrelis, erTdroulad yovel subtratSi gamWolis 15-20 sm siRrmiT. namyeni kalmebi sakuTarfesviani mcenareebi irgveba konteinerebSi gakeTebul naxvretSi da maSinve rwyaven, substratis tenianobas inarCuneben. dafesvianebis dros - 15-17 dRis ganmavlobaSi dargvidan klonuri saZireebisaTvis 65-70% mcenaris intensiuri zrdis periodSi 80%; nergebisa da namyeni nergis aRz-rdisas saTburSi subtratis temperatura unda iyos 20-220; xolo haeris, dRisiT 25-280� da 18-220� RamiT. haeris SefardebiTi tenianoba 80-90%; aseT pirobebSi Sen-arCunebulia morwyviT da gahaerebiT, ris Semdeg miiReba mcenaris 100%-iani Sexorceba da standartuli nergebis maRali gamosavlianoba. cxeli amindebis dros polieTilenis safari unda gadaixados. mcenareebis movlis dros namyens aclian zedmet ylortebs, amasTanve gamoyofen Zlier centralur ylortebs aclian agreTve saZires amonayrebs. mavneblobisa da daavadebebis mimarT wamloben aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, asxureben perscidebis xsnars, fesvgareSe makro da mikroelementebis SesxurebasTan SeTanawyobiT.

granulirebuli mineraluri sasuqebi SeaqvT erTiani wesiT substratSi Setanis dros. konteineris dabla nawilSi haeraciis reJimi kargad ewyoba radgan mas ar aqvs fesvebi. polieTilenis ekran litok niadagis zedapirze blokebSi saSualebas iZleva morwyva Catardes sxvadasxva wesiT, xerxiT, amasTan xels uS-lis sarevelebis aRmocenebas. xexilis nergis aRzrdisas saTburis konteinerebSi (damynili saZireebis dargva, _ Teberval-martSi,) mais-ivnisis Tvis bolos naz-

16

ardis sigrZe aRwevs 110-130 sm; mcenareebs aqvs kargad ganviTarebuli fesvTa sis-tema, Ria nakveTze (mart-aprilSi darguli) 110-130 sm nazardebs inviTarebs ivlis-agvistoSi vaSlis, msxlis da kaklis erTwliani namyeni nergis gamosavlianoba Seadgens 450-500 aTas Zirs 1 heqtarze gaangariSebiT.

namyeni dargvis win ewyoba xis da liTonis konteinerebSi pomologiuri xarisxebis mixedviT 2-3 iarusebad da ukeTeben fumigacias.

koteinerebSi moTavsebuli namyeni nergiT baRis gaSeneba. konteinerSi moTavsebuli aRzrdili erTwliani nergi mudmiv adgilze baRSi

irgveba gazafxulze, Semodgomaze da zamTris karg amindSi, xelsayrel dros mce-naris mosvenebis peroidSi, agreTve zafxulSi mcenaris vegetaciaSi myofi nerge-biT dargva SeiZleba rogorc xeliT da, agreTve meqanizirebuli wesiT. nergebi adgilze miitaneba transportiT. ormos iReben dasargavad 25 sm diametris da 30-35 sm siRrmisas. dargvis dros konteineris polieTilens Wrian da aclian. Semdeg uvlian ise rogorc agroqesiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

Применение индустриальной технологии в производстве плодовых саженцев. Н. Шенгелия – НИИ СВ и В.

Резюме - Индустриальная технология производства плодовых саженцев в контеинерах,

комплекс, взаимосвязанных организационных и технических мероприятий, технологических приемов, осуществляемы с целью получения больших партии плодовых саженцев с закрытой корневой системой при минимальных затратах ручного труда, времени и средств. Основывается на комплексной механизации и автоматизации производства.

Application of industrial technology in manufacture of fruit saplings N. Shengelia

Summary– Industrial technology are made fruit saplings in containers Complex, intercon-

nected organizational and technical action of processing methods, carried out for the purpose of reception big parties Fruit saplings with the closed root system at minimum the manual Work of time and means is based, complex mechanisation and manufacture automation

17

bunebrivi pirobebis gavlena Txilis ganviTarebaze.

n. mirotaZe _ soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori

mebaReobis, mevenaxeobis da meRvineobis instituti.

reziume: Txilis kulturuli jiSebis da endemuri formebis simravles saqarTveloSi

arsebuli niadagur-klimaturi pirobebi ganapirobebs; bunebrivi pirobebis cvalebadoba ki qmnis ama Tu im kulturis gavrcelebis Sesabamis zonebs da mikrozonebs. sadac SesaZle-belia samrewvelo nargaobis intensiuri teqnologiebiT gaSeneba _ movla da maRalx-arisxovani nedleulis miReba.

Txilis kulturis zrda-ganviTarebaze da mis produqtiulobaze um-

niSvnelovanes gavlenas axdens niadagur klimaturi pirobebi, vegetaciis mimdi-

nareoba da xangrZlioba, yvaviloba, nayofis formireba da momwifebisaTvis xel-

sayreli pirobebi ganpirobebulia geografiuli mdebareobiT, kerZod: reliefi, si-

maRle zRvis donidan, haeris SedarebiT tenianoba da aqtiur temperaturaTa jami;

Txilis regularuli maRalxarisxovani mosavlis miReba SesaZlebelia teniT

uzrunvelyofil nayofier niadagze; dasavleT saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro

zolis tenian subtropikul zonebSi, romelic moicavs samegrelos, gurias,

aWaras, afxazeTis da nawilobriv imereTis raionebs, Txili maRal mosavals

iZleva uxvnaleqian wlebSi; zRvis sanapiro zolSi sadac haeris saSualo wliuri

temperatura 13-140C udris, yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo temperatura +4+50C –s yve-

laze Tbili Tvis 22-230C aRwevs, aqtiuri siTbos jami ki 40000C –ze maRali.

Txilis kulturis gavrcelebis optimalur zonebSi naleqebis wliuri jami

1500-2500 mm farglebSi, aqedan savegetacio periodSi 900-1200mm. modis: haeris Se-

fardebiTi tenianobis saSualo wliuri maCvenebeli 75%-s aRemateba.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Txilis samrewvelod gavrcelebisaTvis xel-

sayrelia calkeuli zonebi, gansakuTrebiT Sida kaxeTis gaRma mxare, romlis

agroklimaturi maxasiaTeblebi uaxlovdeba dasavleT saqarTvelos guria-imereTis

zonebSi Txilis gavrcelebis monacemebs, sadac saTanado agroteqnikuri RonisZie-

bebis gatareba uzrunvelyofs Txilis sawarmoo gavrcelebis arealis gaafarToe-

bas.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos subtropikul kontinenturidan zRvis subtropikul

havaze gardamaval zonaSi da mis mimdebare mikrozonebSi Txili kargad izrdeba,

sadac zamTari rbili da zomierad civia. Tumca klimaturi pirobebis gavleniT

Txilis mosavlis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi mkveTrad icvleba.

haeris SedarebiTi tenianoba, temperatura, naleqebis raodenoba da sxva max-

asiaTeblebi icvleba mxareTa reliefuri pirobebis da ganviTarebuli cirku-

laciuri procesebis gavleniT.

mxareebis mixedviT zamTris temperaturuli pirobebis gansxvaveba, yvavilobis

Taviseburebidan gamomdinare sxvadasxva periodis jiSebis gadaadgilebas

moiTxovs. savegetacio periodSi siTbos raodenobis cvlileba, Txilis kultu-

rul jiSebis gavrcelebis sazRvrebs, xolo naleqebis raodenoba waeliwadis

droebis mixedviT baRebis morwyvis vadebs da normebs ganapirobebs:

18

aqtiur temperaturaTa jami zRvis donidan simaRlis mixedviT

# mexileobis

zona dakvirvebis

adgili

zRvis donidan

simaRle m.

aqtiur tempera-turaTa jami

> 100

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

samegrelo guria imereTi raWa-leCxumi Sida qarTli mcxeTa-TianeTi kaxeTi qvemo qarTli afxazeTi aWara

zugdidi didi Wyoni lanCxuTi nabeRlavi dimi wifa ambrolauri cageri gori ormoca galavani TianeTi yvareli nafareuli bolnisi kojori laTa gulrifSi Caqvi qeda

117 345 20 475 200 673 544 477 588 1150 760 1100 449 423 534 1338 299 120 30 256

4160 3870 4260 3600 4330 3260 3640 3510 3520 2490 3820 3310 3960 3920 3820 2290 3620 3940 4240 3880

yvavilobis da gamonaskvis periodSi Txilis teniT uzrunvelyofis Seswavlis

mizniT Sedarebul iqna dasavleT saqarTvelos teniani subtropikuli zona aRmo-savleT saqarTvelos mSrali subtropikul zonasTan;

dadginda rom yvavilobis da gamonaskvis periodSi Txili niadagis haeris teniT dasavleT saqarTvelos tenian subtropikul raionebSi SedarebiT metad aris uzrunvelyofili, vidre aRmosavleT saqarTvelos subtropikul raionebSi; amitom savegetacio periodSi aucilebelia baRis morwyva.

sqemebze warmodgenilia naleqebis wliuri ganawileba samegrelo, guriasa da kaxeTis raionebSi:

19

samegrelosa da guriaSi aRniSnul periodSi naleqebi SedarebiT meti raode-

nobiT modis, amave dros maRali siTburi reJimi uzrunvelyofs gamonaskvis maRal procents.

cnobilia rom rac ufro adre xdeba haeris temperaturis 100-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvla, miT meti siTbos jami grovdeba savegetacio periodis ganmav-lobaSi; mniSvnelovania vertikaluri zonebis mixedviT siTbos jamis prognozebis sakiTxi, romelic unda iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli Txilis jiSebis SerCevis dros simwifis periodebis mixedviT.

SedarebiT maRlob, mTiswina zonebSi civi qarebisagan da yinvisagan dasacvaad mTavaria reliefis forma, ferdobis eqspozicia da SedarebiT yinva-gamZle gvianmoyvavile jiSebis SerCeva.

Txilis gvalvagamZleoba mkveTrad ecema generaciuli organoebis ganviTare-bis stadiaSi; rodesac Txilis kultura yvelaze metad saWiroebs niadagis tens, rom ar Seferxdes mikro da makro sporogenezi, romelic waroadgens yvelaze mniSvnelovan periods mcenaris ganviTarebaSi.

Txilis jiSebi gvalvagamZleobis mixedviT sxvadasxvanairi unariT xasiaTde-bian; xangrZlivi kvlevis Sedegad dadgenili iqna rom introducirebuli jiSebi lombardiis _ TeTri, lombardiis wiTeli, aTa _ baba, ganja, tonda romana, tonda jentile, deli lange, tonda jifoni, san-jiovani, barselona, kazina, levisi da sxva saqarTvelos mSral subtropikul zonaSi wyliT naklebad uzrunvelyofil an urwyav zonebSi dabalxarisxovan mcire mosavals iZlevian; maSin rodesac ende-muri jiSebi da perspeqtiuli foTlebi: gulSiSvela, Svelisyura, xaWapura, nemsa, anakliuri, saivanobo, CxikvisTava, fSavuri, mJavela, da vaWevuri, legimuri, forma 27, forma 19, forma 31 da sxva. SedarebiT gvalvagamZleni da maRalxarisxiani uxvi mosavlianobiT gamoirCevian. amave dros dadgenilia rom Txilis jiSebi romelTac axasiaTebT didi raodenobiT amonayrebis ganviTarebis unari; gansxvavebiT mgrZno-biareni arian niadagisa da haeris tenianobis mimarT.

20

l i t e r a t u r a 1. v. gogitiZe n. mirotaZe. Txilis agroekologiuri zonebi saqarTveloSi.

Tbilisi 2003. 2. m. varZelaSvili xexilovan mcenareTa zrdis da msxmoiarobis kanonzom-

ierebani Tbilisi 1992 3. Стоев К. А. Физиология С. Х. Раогений М. 1976 г.

Влияние природных условий на развитие фундука. Н. Миротадзе - НИИ СВ и В Резюме: Почвенно-климатические условия Грузии определяют развитие культурных сортов и

отдельных форм фундука. Разнообразие природных условий различных районов Грузии способствуют распространению той или иной культуры в соответствующих зонах и микрозонах, где возможно возделывание производственных садов с применением интенсивной технологии и уходом, для получения высококачественного сырья.

Influence of an environment on filbert development. N. Mirotadze

Summary –It is soil - environmental conditions of Georgia define development of cultures and sepa-

rate forms of a filbert. A variety of an environment of various areas of Georgia promote distribution of this or that culture corresponding zones and microzones, where cultivation of industrial gardens with application of intensive technology and leaving for reception of high-quality raw materials is possible

21

kaklovani kulturebis gamravlebis meTodebi

l. goginava. – soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori. reziume: naSromSi ganxilulia kaklovani kulturebis nergis miRebis meTodebi, ker-

Zod dadgenilia saZiris miRebis, Sexorcebul mcenareTa raodenoba, namyenis gamosavli-anoba, namyeni nergis zrdis maxasiaTeblebi da nergis gamoyvana daxurul fesvTa sistemiT.

xexilovan kulturaTa umravlesoba ZiriTadad TeslTa da vegetatiurad

(mynobiT), fesvis amonayrebiT, mravldeba. rogorc cnobilia, TesliT gamravlebis dros miRebuli Taoba gansxvavdeba

deda mcenarisagan da miiReba gansxvavebuli niSanTvisebebis mqone hibridebi. ga-momdinare aqedan TesliT gamravleba mimarTulia mxolod seleqciuri miznebisaT-vis, axali jiSebisa da saZireebis misaRebad.

kaklisa da nuSis saukeTeso niSanTvisebebis mqone jiSebisa da formebis Sen-arCunebis mizniT gamravlebis erT-erTi wesia vegetatiuri _ mynobiT gamravleba.

muSaoba mimdinareobda sagranto programiT, romelic iTvaliswinebda kaklis, nuSis da Txilis nergebis gamoyvanas maRalproduqtiuli jiSebiT da formebiT.

samuSaoebi mimdinareobda gori-skris sacdel-sakonsultacio centrSi swored iq gamoyvanili kaklisa da nuSisa sakoleqcio sadede baRebi.

pirvel rigSi Cvens mier gamoyvanil iqna kaklisa da nuSis standartuli sa-Zireebi, vinaidan mynobis warmateba da namyeni nergis gamosavlianoba mis xarisxzea damokidebuli. maRalxarisxiani saZire da sanamyene masaliT mynobis Semdeg miviReT standartuli namyeni nergi.

praqtikaSi saZired TviT kaklis naTesari gamoiyeneba. nuSis saZired ki tye-mali, atami, Werami, qliavi, magram nuSis ZiriTad saZired miRebulia mware nuSi, vinaidan igi gvalvagamZlea.

mynobisaTvis saZireebis misaRebad kakali da nuSi davTeseT Semodgomaze arastratificirebuli da gazafxulze stratificirebuli TesliT. Teslebi stratifikaciisTvis movaTavseT tenian qviSaSi ianvris bolos. yovel erT wil Teslze aviReT 3 wili teniani qviSa. stratificirebis periodSi temperatura iyo 5-100C da tenianoba 80-85%. aseT pirobebSi 30-35 dRis Semdeg kaklisa da nuSis Teslma daiwyo gaRiveba.

kaklis Tesli daiTesa Semodgomis bolos mosavlis aRebis Semdeg, xolo gazafxulze, Tesli intensiurad aRmocenda da wlis bolosTvis miaRwia saTburSi mynobisaTvis saWiro standarts. saZireebis simaRlem Seadgina 15 sm, xolo mynobis adgilze diametrma 10-12 mm. standartuli saZiris gamosavlianobam Seadgina 80-85%. rac damakmayofileblad unda CaiTvalos. kaklis mynobis Semdeg, kalusis war-moqmnis procesze sanamyene komponentebis SexorcebisaTvis didi roli garegan faqtorebs _ siTbos, tenianobas da aeracias eniWeba. rac Seexeba siTbos, 230 tem-peraturis pirobebSi kalusi ganiviTara 63%, 250 temperaturaze 89%, xolo 27-280-ze 92-95%, saboloo jamSi namyeni nergis gamosavlianobam Seadgina 75-80%.

rac Seexeba nuSis kulturas, Semodgomaze da gazafxulze stratificire-buli TesliT daTesilma mogvca aseTi Sedegi: saZiris aRmocenebam 98%-s miaRwia, xolo gaxarebuli saZireebis 91%. standartuli da samynobad vargisi iyo. saZiris simaRle 40 sm, xolo Stambis diametri 10-15 mm iyo. kaklisa da nuSis Teslis Se-modgomiT Tesvisas, mRrnelebisa da frinvelebisagan naTesarebis dacvis mizniT, niadagSi SevitaneT TuTiis fosfidi, baqtokumarinis preparati.

unda aRiniSnos, rom nuSis Tesli, gansxvavebiT kaklisgan davTeseT ara sa-ZireTa sanergeSi, aramed pirdapir formirebis ganyofilebaSi, sadac mynoba vawar-moeT. namyenis-zrda ganviTarebis maxasiaTeblebis Sedegebma gviCvena, rom Sexorce-bis dros namyeni nergis gamosavlianobis mixedviT jiSebs Soris raime arsebiT gansxvavebas adgili ar hqonia. Sexorcebis procentulma raodenobam aseTi suraTi mogvca: Sexorcebis procenti 88-dan 94%-mde meryeobda, xolo namyeni nergebis ga-mosavlianobam jiSebis mixedviT 74-82% Seadgina.

22

nuSis nergis Sexorceba da namyenis gamosavlianoba cxr. #1.

# formebi da jiSebi

myno-bis

TariRi

damyno-bil mcena-reTa raode-noba (c)

Sexor-cebul mcena-reTa raode-noba (c)

Sexorcebis %

namyeni nergis gamo-savali

(c)

na-myeni ner-gis %

1 mika 20.08 100 94 94 82 82 2 lisi 20.08 100 88 88 74 74 3 patar-

Zeuli 1 20.08 100 88 88 74 74

4 patar-Zeuli 10

20.08 100 90 90 78 78

nuSis sanergeSi namyeni nergis zrda-ganviTarebaze dakvirvebis Sedegma

gviCvena, rom vegetaciis bolosTvis standartuli nergis simaRle 160-167 sm-s, xolo Stambis diametri namyeni adgilidan 5 sm simaRleze aRwevs 2,7 – 2,8 sm-s, ramac mTlianad daakmayofila standartis moTxovnebi.

nuSis namyeni nergis zrdis maxasiaTeblebi cxrili #2

# jiSebisa da formebis das-

axeleba

namyeni nergis si-maRle, sm

namyeni nergis Stambis dia-metri, sm

1 mika 160 2,7 2 lisi 166 2,7 3 patarZeuli 1 167 2,8 4 patarZeuli 10 164 2,8

rac Seexeba Txilis nergis warmoebas standartuli nergis miRebis mizniT,

winaswar aprobirebuli sadede mcenaridan aRebul iqna sargavi masala, romelic specialurad Semzadebuli subtratiT aRzrdil iqna daxurul fesvTa sistemiT, substrati Seicavda 25% _ gadamwvar nakels, 50% kordis miwas da 25% mdinaris lams. erT savegetacio periodSi miRebulma nergma Tavisi zrda-ganviTarebiT daak-mayofila standartis moTxovnebi.

nergis gamosavlianobam Seadgina 93-95%, rekomendirebuli RonisZiebebis xar-jze.

1. nergis warmoeba mimdinareobda winaswari Seswavlili samrewvelod da-raionebuli jiSebiT rogoricaa: gulSiSvela, Svlisyura, xaWapura, anakliuri, dedoflisTiTa, cxeniskbila.

kaklovani kulturebis nergis warmeoba Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyene-biT SesaZlebelia erT savegetacio periodSi.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. n. miqaZe, n. Sengelia, v. gogitiZe `sad gavaSenoT nuSis kultura~. gaz. `Cemi mamuli~, 1999 w.

2. T.trapaiZe, `nergis gamozrdis xerxi~, sag. agent. gamomcemloba, 1992 w. 3. n. Sengelia, i. vasaZe, `saqarTvelos kaklovani kulturebi (kakali, Txili,

nuSi)~ jiSebi. atlasi Tbilisi, 2004 w. 4. l. lasareiSvili, T. trapaiZe, `Txilis intensiuri tipis baRebis gaSenebisa

da movlis progresuli teqnologia~, `erToba~, Tbilisi, 2003 w. 5. n. mirotaZe, `Txilis sortimentis Seswavla-gaadgileba da misi warmoebis

mecnieruli safuZvlebi saqarTveloSi~, sax. universitetis gamomcemloba, 2006 w.

23

Методы размноже ния орехплодных культур.

Гогинава Л. - НИИ СВ и В

Резюме: В статье рассмотрены методы получения саженцев орехоплодных культур. В

основном установлены: процент получения подвоев, количество приживаемых саженцев, выход прививочного материала, показатели роста привитых саженцев и получение саженцев в закрытом грунте.

Reproduction methods nut culture.

Goginava L.

Summary: In article methods of reception of saplings nut cultures, basically are considered Are es-tablished percent of reception of stocks, quantity of begot saplings, an exit Vaccinating material, indicators of growth of the imparted saplings and reception of saplings in the closed ground.

24

nuSis kulturis standartuli saZiris miReba da mynoba

nato miqaZe _ s/m akademiuri doqtori reziume: statiaSi mocemulia nuSis kulturisTvis standartuli saZiris misaRebad

Tesvis vadebi; dakvirveba naTesis zrda-ganviTarebaze, saZiris mynobaze, okulantebis Sexorcebasa da namyeni nergis gamosavlianobaze.

xexilovan kulturaTa umravlesoba ZiriTadad TesliTa da vegetatiurad

(mynobiT) mravldeba. TesliT gamravlebis dros miRebuli Taoba gansxvavdeba deda mcenarisagan,

miiReba gansxvavebuli niSan-Tvisebebis mqone hibridebi. gamomdinare aqedan, Tes-liT gamravleba mimarTulia mxolod selqciuri miznebisaTvis, axali jiSebis miRebis an saZireebis misaRebad.

nuSis kulturis saukeTeso niSan-Tvisebebis mqone jiSebisa da formebis Sen-arCunebis mizniT gamravlebis ZiriTadi wesia vegetatiurad mynobiT gamravleba.

pirvel rigSi saWiroa miRebul iqnas nuSis standartuli saZireebi, vinaidan mynobis warmateba da namyeni nergis gamosavlianoba pirvel rigSi sanamyene kompo-nentebis (saZire, sakvirte masala) xarisxzea damokidebuli.

saZire da sanamyene (kvirti) es orive nawili mynobis Semdeg erT mTlian or-ganizms, namyen mcenares qmnian da TiToeuli maTganis cxovelmyofeloba mWidro-daa dakavSirebuli erTmaneTTan. gadamwyveti mniSvneloba mainc saZires eniWeba. praqtikaSi nuSis saZired gamoiyeneba tyemali, atami, Werami, qliavi, nuSi. magram nuSis ZiriTad saZired mainc Cveulebrivi nuSi (mware an tkbili) iTvleba.

saZire Teslnergebis misaRebad Teslis Tesva sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva pirobebSi xdeba. amis Sesaxeb gansxavvebuli masalebi moipoveba. avtorTa nawili urCevs Tesls Semodgomaze da zamTris pirad Tesvas (noember-dekember-ianvari), sa-Zireebis misaRebad nuSis Tesli SeiZleba daiTesos gazafxulzec stratificire-buli TesliT.

mynobisTvis saZireebis misaRebad Cveulebrivi sqelnaWuWiani nuSi daiTesa Se-modgomaze arastratificirebuli da gazafxulze stratificirebuli da arastratificirebuli TesliT. Tesli stratificirebisaTvis moTavsda tenian qviSaSi, ianvris bolos. yovel 1 wil Teslze aRebul iqna 3 wili teniani qviSa. stratificirebis periodSi temperaturis (5-100) da tenianobis (80-85%) pirobebSi nuSis TeslSi mimdinareobs rTuli fiziologiuri procesebi da 30-35 dRis Semdeg Tesli iwyebs gaRivebas. gaRivebis dawyebis momentisaTvis, roca naWuWi gaskda, Tesli daiTesa sanergeSi _ 100X20 sm kvebis farTobze. Tebervlis bolos, martis pirvel dekadaSi, 5-6 sm siRrmeze. paralelurad nuSi daiTesa Semodgomaze nome-bris pirvel naxevarSi da gazafxulze stratificirebuli TesliT martis I naxevarSi.

Cvens mier skris sacdel sakonsultacio centris teritoriaze grant 276-is proeqtiT gaTavliswinebul samuSaoebis Casatareblad gamoyofil nakveTze.

Semodgomaze da gazafxulze daTesili stratificirebuli Tesli aRmocenda 98%, ara stratificirebuli Teslidan, romelic daiTesa gazafxulze 58%-i.

standartuli saZiris gamosavalma stratificirebuli Teslis aRmonacenSi miaRwia 91%-s, arastratificirebuli nargaobidan ki miviReT 54%-i (cxrili #1).

25

Semodgomaze arastratificirebuli da gazafxulze stratificirebuli Tes-liT naTesi nuSis aRmoceneba Seadgens 98%-s maSin, roca gazafxulze arastrati-ficirebuli TesliT Tesvis SemTxvevaSi aRmoceneba ar aRemateba 58%-s. am pe-riodSi Tesvis dros naTesarebi araTanabrad aRmocendeba, saZire araerTgvarova-nia da xSir SemTxvevaSi agvistoSi mynobisaTvis standarts ver aRwevs (cxr. #2).

cxrili #1.

Tesvis vadebis gavlena saZiris zrda-ganviTarebasa da gamosavlianobaze (mra-valwliani saSualo).

#

Tesvis vadebi

daT

esil

i Tes

-lis

rao

denoba

aRmo

ceneb

a %

saZir

is s

i-maRle sm

Stambis

dia-

metri

sm

standar

tuli

saZir

is g

amo-

saval

i, %

1 Semodgomaze 100 98 37 1.2 91

2 gazafxulze stratificire-buli TesliT

100 98 36 1.2 91

3 gazafxulze arastratifi-cirebuli TesliT

100 58 25 0.9 54

cxrili #2.

nuSis naTesarebis simaRlis zrdis dinamika

naTesarebis simaRle, sm # Tesvis vadebi

ricxvebi 1.04 20.04 10.05 30.05 20.06 10.07 30.07 20.08

1 Semodgomaze 9 13 18 21 26 34 37 37 2 gazafxulze strati-

ficirebuli TesliT 10 14 18 22 26 33 36 36

3 gazafxulze arastratificirebuli TesliT

7 10 13 16 19 23 25 25

Semodgomaze da gazafxulze stratificirebuli TesliT Tesvis dros sa-Zireebis 91% standartulia da samynobad vargisia. maTi simaRle saSualod 36-37 sm, xolo Stambis diametri 1,2 sm aRwevs. gazafxulze arastratificirebuli Tes-liT Tesvis dros naTesarebis simaRle ar aRemateba 25 sm-s, xolo Stambis dia-metri 0,9 sm-s, standartuli saZiris gamosavali ki _ 54%-s (cxrili 3).

cxrili #3.

nuSis naTesarebis Stambis diametris zrdis dinamika

diametri (sm) # Tesvis vadebi ricxvebi

1.04 20.04 10.05 30.05 20.06 10.07 30.07 20.08

1 Semodgomaze 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.0 2 gazafxulze stratifi-

cirebuli TesliT 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.2

3 gazafxulze arastrati-ficirebuli TesliT

0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9

26

kvlevebma aCvena SemodgomiT arastratificirebuli da gazafxulze strati-ficirebuli TesliT Tesvis upiratesobani, gazafxulze arastratificirebuli Teslis TesvasTan SedarebiT. magram upiratesoba mainc SemodgomiT Tesvas unda mieniWos, vinaidan SemodgomiT Tesvisas Teslis stratifikacia ar aris saWiro, rac Tavidan agvacilebs zedmet xarjebs. Tesli SeiZleba pirdapir Ria gruntSi daiTesos gvian SemodgomiT. am dros Tesli aRmocenebamde gadis yvela im biolo-giur da fizologiur procesebs, rac Teslis aRmocenebisaTvis aris saWiro, gazafxulze aRmoceneba Tanabrad iwyeba da kargi movlis pirobebSi TiTqmis yvela naTesari Tanabar-zomieri ganviTarebisaa, rac uzrunvelyofs mynobis warmatebas, kvirtebis karg Sexorcebas da Semdgom namyeni nergis Tanabar-zomier ganviTarebas.

stratificirebuli TesliT Tesva unda gamoviyenoT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, roca raime obieqturi mizezis gamo Semodgomaze Tesva ver moxerxdeba.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom nuSia Teslis SemodgomiT daTesvisas saWiroa naTe-sarebis dacva mRrRneli mavneblebisagan da frinvelebisagan. maT sawinaaRmdegod Tesvis Semdeg nakveTSi Seitaneba misatyuari saSualebebi. maRal efeqturia Tu-Tiis fosfidis an baqtokumarinis gamoyeneba mRrnelebis, xolo safrTxobelebis gamoyeneba frinvelebis winaaRmdeg.

Teslnergebi aRmocenebis Semdeg swrafi zrdiT xasiaTdebian da pirvel welsve agvistoSi aRweven mynobisaTvis saWiro zomebs. aqedan gamomdinare, Tesli unda daiTesos ara saZireTa sanergeSi, aramed pirdapir formirebis ganyofilebis pirevl mindorSi, sadac warmoebs mynoba.

cxrili #4.

okulantebis Sexorceba da namyeni nergis gamosavlianoba, %

#

perspeqtiuli jiSebi da formebi

myno

bis

vad

a

damynil

i mc

enar

eTa

rao

denoba

Sex

orceb

ul mcena-

reT

a rao

denoba

Sex

orceb

uli, %

Semodgomaze

Sex

orceb

uli, %

gaz

afxulze

namyeni nergis

gamo-

saval

i, c

ali

namyeni nergis

gamo-

saval

i, %

1 gika 20.08 50 47 89 84 41 82

2 lisi 20.08 50 44 87 84 37 74

3 patarZeuli 1 20.08 50 44 87 81 37 74 4 patarZeuli 10 20.08 50 45 91 80 38 76

nuSis mynobis, okulantebis Sexorcebisa da namyenis zrda-ganviTarebis max-

asiaTeblebis Seswavlis Sedegebma aCvena, rom okulantebis Sexorcebis dros na-myeni nergis gamosavlianobis mixedviT jiSebs Soris raime arsebiT gansxvavebas ar aqvs adgili. okulantebis Sexorceba 80-84%-is farglebSi meryeobs, xolo na-myeni nergis gamosavlianoba 74-82%-s Seadgens. rogorc okulantebis Sexorcebis, ise namyeni nergis gamosavlianobis SedarebiT maRali maCveneblebiT xasiaTdeba patarZeuli 10 da gika. Sedegebi 2-8%-iT Warbobs sxva formebis maCveneblebs (cxrili 4).

sanergeSi namyeni nergis zrda-ganviTarebaze Catarebulma kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom vegetaciis bolosTvis namyeni nergis siamRle 160-167 sm-s, xolo Sambis diametri namyeni adgilidan 5 sm simaRleze aRwevs 2,7-2,8 sm-s, rac mTlianad ak-mayofilebs standartis moTxovnebs (cxrili 5).

27

cxrili #5.

nuSis namyeni nergis zrdis maxasiaTeblebi 1999-2000 ww.

# jiSebisa da for-mebis dasaxeleba

namyeni nergis si-maRle, sm

namyeni nergis Stam-bis diametri, sm

1 gika 160 2.7 2 lisi 166 2.7 3 patarZeuli 1 167 2.8 4 patarZeuli 10 164 2.8

saukeTeso meTodia nuSis nergis gamoyvana daxuruli fesvTa sistemiT da

baRebis gaSeneba mwvane nergiT. am dros Tesli daiTeseba polieTilenis to-prakebSi an sxva WurWelSi SemodgomiT. mynoba Catardeba zafxulSi, xolo Sexor-cebuli namyenebi kvirtebis zrdis dawyebamde gadairgveba baRSi mudmiv adgilze an dargva moxdeba zafxulSi mwvane nergiT.

gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. qurdovaniZe i. nuSisa da atamis hibridis biologiis sakiTxebi. Tbilisi,

1944 w. 2. gogitiZe v, Sengelaia n. miqaZe n. sad gvaSenoT nuSis kultura. 1999 w.,

Tbilisi, `Cemi mamuli~. 3. vasaZe i. mexileobis mdgomareoba kaxeTSi, Tbilisi, 2003 w.

Получение стандартного подвоя культуры миндаля и его прививка

Н. Микадзе НИИ СВ и В

Резюме: В статье рассмотрены вопросы касающиеся периодов посева материала для

получения стандартного подвоя культуры миндаля, итоги наблюдения его роста и развития, вопросы прививки и выход привитых саженцев в процентах.

Reception of a standard stock of culture of almonds and his

inoculation

N. Miqadze

Summary: In article questions of crops of a material concerning the periods for reception of a stan-dard stock of culture of almonds, results of supervision of his growth and development, questions of an in-oculation and an exit of the imparted saplings in percentage are considered.

28

xexilis nergis aRzrda CarTuli mynobiT (interkaliari)

givi badriSvili - saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akadenmiis

wevr-korespondenti, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. nugzar Sengelia _ soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori reziume _ mcenareTa forZebs gamoyenebuli saZiresa da sanamyenes Soris Sualeduri

rgolis Sesaqmnelad ewodeba CanarTi – interkaliari. biologiurad CanarTi aris saZire sanamyenesaTvis xolo sanamyenea saZiresaTvis. sanamyene ewodeba xis im nawils, romelic mosavals iZleva, amitomac CanarTi aris

misi saZire. mexileobis istoria mogviTxrobs rom xexilis gamravlуba iwyeba adamianTa

modgmis binadar cxovrebaze gadasvlidan. adamians, rom moewoneboda tyeSi xidan mowyvetili nayofi SexedulebiT da gemoTi mohqonda binasTan xis amonayari an bunebrivad Teslidan aRmocenebuli naTesari da rgavda Tavis axlos. an nayofi-dan miRebul Tesls Tesda da zrdida axlad aRmocenebul mcenares. nebiT Tu une-blieT amravlebdnen mcenares. radgan adamians gauCnda unari gaamravlos da gamo-zardos mcenareTa saxeobebi, romelic gamosadegi iyo sakvebad, tansacmlis dasamzadeblad da binebis asagebad, mcenareTa gamravleba kacobriobis ZiriTad saqmed gadaiqca. dadga is periodic, rodesac adamianebma iswavles mynoba. aseTi mcenareebi, romlebic ar iZleoda amonayrebs, naTesarebze amynidnen sasurveli nayofis momcem mcenaris kalams an kvirts.

meoce saukunis meore naxevramde saqarTveloSi klonuri saZireebi namyeni nergis gamravlebisa da warmoebisaTvis ar iyo gamoyenebuli.

mexileobis dargis ganviTarebas ar eqceoda saTando yuradReba. praqtiku-lad tyeSi mozard xexilidan mzaddeboda Tesli_maJalos, pantis, balamwaras nayofebidan. Tesli iTeseboda sanergeSi da naTesari_saZire imynoboda sasurveli jiSebiT. Semdegi etapi. meoce saukunis meore naxevridan nergis mwarmoeblebma Tavi anebes tyes da Teslis damzadeba daiwyo saZireebis misaRebad vaSlis, msxlis zamTris jiSebis nayofebidan da blis jiSi drogana yviTelis mosavli-dan. meoce saukunis 70 wlebidan saqarTveloSi Semotanili iqna saxlmwifo san-erge meurneobebis meSveobiT klonuri saZireebis tipebi.

vaSlis saZireebi М9, М2, М4, ММ106 xolo msxlis saZired gamoyenebuli iqna komSis naTesarebi. klonur saZureebs yuradReba mieqca mas Semdeg, rac didi bri-taneTis qalaq ist – molingSi, sagrafo kentSi 1912 wels daarsda mebaReobis samecniero kvleviTi sacdeli sadguri, xolo safrangeTSi, versalSi 1928 wels Seiqmna JorJ alfons delbaris mier sanergeTa sazogadoeba.

aRniSnulma organizaciam xexilis namyeni nergis warmoeba gadaiyvanes nagala da naxevrad nagala tipis saZireebze.

tradiciulad siaxleebi evropidan da a.S.S. jer Sedioda ruseTSi, Semdeg Zalian didi dagvianebiT vrceldeboda sabWoTa kavSiris danarCen respublikebSi. amitomac vegetaturad namravli klonuri saZireebi vaSlis kulturis garda, dResac, ocdameerTe saukuneSi, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. msxlis, komSis, blis, atmis, qliavis nagala da naxevrad nagala saZireTa sadide nargaoba evropam ki xexilis baRebi gaaSena mxolod klonur saZireebze. Tu ratom CamorCa saqarT-velo am mxriv es calke Temaa.

ratom Tqva evropam da amerikam (aSS) uari Zlieri zrdis, Teslidan miRebuli saZireebis gamoyenebaze miuxedavad maTi maravalmxrivi dadebiTi Tvisebebisa?

Teslidan miRebuli saZireebad gamoyenebis dadebiTi Tvisebebi:

29

xe izrdeba Zlieri, maRali ReroTi, ganieri varjiT, Zlieri fesvTa sistemiT, niadagze dgas myarad, kargad maragdeba sakvebiT da wyliT, msxmoiarobs uxvad, nayofi konstitenciiT aris mkvrivi, wvniani. Senaxvis peroidi xangrZlivi aqvs da inarCunebs xarisxs. mcenare xasiaTdeba sicocxlis xangrZlivobiT – da uxvi mo-savlianobiT.

aRniSnuli Tvisebebidan intensiuri mexileobis warmoebisaTvis miuRebeli iqna xis Zlieri zrda, Sromatevadi da gaZnelebuli sxvla – formireba, wamloba mavnebel – daavadebaTa winaaRmdeg. xe gvian Sedis msxmoiarobaSi, didi moculobiT varjis ganviTarebis gamo mouxerxebelia niadagis damuSaveba. nargaobas aqvs mew-leobisadmi Zlieri midrekileba. uxvi msxmoiarobis dros nayofi wvrildeba da saWiroebs totebis sayrdenebs (bowkintebs). Sromatevadia mosavlis aReba. krefa saWiroebs kibeebs da muSaxelis did raodenobas.

msoflios mexile-seleqcionerebi yovel 10-15 weliwadSi erTxel momx-mareblebs Tavazoben xexilis axal gaumjobesebul jiSebs. saWiroa Zvelis amoZirkva da axlis gaSeneba bazris moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. meoce saukunis meore naxevridan mexileobis raionebSi daiwyes masobrivad nagala da naxevrad nagala saZireebze xexilis nergebis warmoeba da baRebis gaSeneba.

ra dadebiTi Tvisebebi gaaCnia nagala da naxevrad nagala xexilis namyen nergs da nargaobas. xe izrdeba SedarebiT tandabali, kompaqturi varjiT, gaad-vilebulia sxvla-formireba, wamloba, niadagis damuSaveba, naklebad midrekilia mewleobisadmi, nayofi izrdeba msxvili, msxmoiarobs uxvad. farTobis erTeulze mosavali izrdeba or-samjer, advilad SeiZleba Seicvalos nargaoba axali jiSe-bis gaSenebisaTvis

nagala xexilis uaryofiTi Tvisebebi: xe inviTarebs sust, zedapirulad ganlagebul fesvTa sistemas, xis mdgo-

mareoba niadagSi aramyaria, morwyvis da qarebis gamo xe wveba an vardeba gansa-kuTrebiT msxmoiarobis dros. saWiroebs intensiur movlas, vegetaciis periodSi 5-6 morwyvas. sasuqebiT gamokvebas, mosavlianobis periodSi sayrdenebs. nayofi aris SedarebiT fxvieri konstitenciis, Senaxvis periodi aqvs xanmokle, xasiaTdeba naklebi wvnianobiT.xe nakleb gvalva da yinvagamZlea. axasiaTebs amonayrebi.

zogjer klonur saZireebs axasiaTebT sanamyene jiSebTan SeuTavsebloba. ma-galiTad msxlis zogierTi jiSi ar emynoba komSis saZireebs, magaliTad viliamsi, bere – boski da sxva.

imisaTvis, rom maqsimalurad iqnes gamoyenebuli Zlieri saZireebis nagala, klonuri saZireebis dadebiTi, intensiuri mexileobisaTvis misaRebi Tvisebebi, mecnierebma saWirod CaTvales SeeswavlaT da gamoeyenebinaT xexilis sanergeSi CarTuli mynoba – interkaliari.

biologiurad CanarTi (interkaliari) aris saZire sanamyenesaTvis, xolo sana-myene saZirisaTvis. praqtikulad sanamyene ewodeba namyenis xis im nawils, ro-melic iZleva sasurveli jiSis mosavals. amitom gamarTlebulia, roca CanarTi aris misi saZire. Sualeduri saZireebis gamoyenebis mizani aris tandabali xeebis miReba Zlieri fesvTa sistemiT niadagSi mdgradobiT, wylisa da sakvebi nivTiere-bis ukeT uzrunvelyofa, Stambisa da deda totebis anu varjis gamZleoba. Senar-Cunebulia uxvi msxmoiaroba. moxerxebulia xis zrdisa da mosavlianobis marTvis kidev meti SesaZlebloba. praqtikulad interkaliari aris sam komponentiani mynoba da mas mimarTaven ZiriTadad saZirisa da sanamyenes SeuTavseblobis SemTxvevaSi. saqarTveloSi CarTuli mynobiT (interkaliari) miRebuli namyeni ner-gisa da nargaobis mecnieruli midgomiT, kvleviTi samuSaoebi ar Sesrulebula. mizezi sakmaod bevria.

zrdisa da mosavlianobis marTvis kidev meti SesaZlebloba iqmneba samkom-ponentiani mynobis dabaltaniani xeebis aRsazrdelad Zlieri fesvTa sistemis sa-Zireebze.

Sualeduri rgoliT 15-20sm sigrZis nagala tipis saZiris kalmiT mynoba.

mynobisas saZirisa da samanyenes Sexorceba-Sezrda ar iZleva TavisTavad namyeni mcenare kargi zrdis maRali mosavlianobis da normaluri sicocxlis imeds. xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca mynoba warmatebiT mTavrdeba, magram mcenareebi avad-myofurad gamoiyureba da xanmokle sicocxliT xasiaTdeba. aseT movlenas sa-Zirisa da sanamyenes SeuTavsebloba ewodeba. es aris komponentebis Sezrdis

30

anatomiuri darRveva. saZiresa da sanamyenes Soris nivTierebaTa cvlis moSla. saZiresa da sanamyenes Soris SeuTavseblobis xarisxi aris metnaklebi. xexilis sanergeSi gamoiyofa ramdenime tipis SeuTavsebloba maT Soris aramyari Sexor-ceba, aseT SemTxvevaSi didia namyenis mtvrevis procenti. ganakuTrebiT es xdeba: msxlis jiSebis komSis saZireze, qliavis Weramze, atami Weramze, gargari qliavze – mynobisas.

namyenis gadamtvrevamde mcenaris zrda TiTqos mimdinareobs normalurad. Semdegi tipis SeuTavsebloba vlindeba saZiris SimSiliT, rodesac sanamyene ver awvdis sakvebs saZires. dasawyisSi Sexorceba sakamod kargia, magram sanamyenes qsovilSi nivTierebaTa cvlis moSla, gansakuTrebiT Sexorcebis adgilze, sadac grovdeba saxamebeli, saZire ver Rebulobs mas gansakuTrebiT zafxulis meore naxavarSi da iwvevs vegetaciis periodis Semcirebas, naadrevad foTlebis cvanas da mcenare xmeba. saZire gavlenas axdens zrdaze, sicocxlis xangrZlivobaze, msxmoiarobis dawyebaze, mosavlis raodenobasa da xarisxze, zamTargamZleobasa da fenologiuri fazebis gavlenaze da sxva.

rac ufro sustia saZire, miT ufro Cqara aRwevs Tavis maqsimalur zrdas, Tumca izrdeba dabaltaniani xe. adre Sedis msxmoiarobaSi, intensiurad msxmoiar-obs da adre wydeba misi sicocxlec.

saZirisa da sanamyenes SeuTavsebolobis dros warmoiqmneba Wrilobis adgilze nuJri, sanamyenes SedarebiT wvrili Reroebi.

rodesac Zlier saZire anu naTesarze imynoba nagala saZiris 20 sm sigrZis kalami da masze imynoba jiSi miiReba tandabali xe. am SemTxvevaSi interkaliari fiziologiurad Zlier gavlenas axdens saZireze da sanamyenezec.

aRsaniSnavia, rom nagala saZiris 20 santimetriani sigrZis CanarTi-interkaliari sagrZnoblad cvlis mcenareSi nivTierebis gardaqmnis process, rasac ganapirobebs CanarTi kalmis anatomiuri agebuleba, is ufro msxvilia vidre sanamyene anu jiSi.

naTesar saZireze nagala formebis saZireebis mynobisas magaliTad, vaSlis naTesar saZireebze #9 nagala saZireebis mynobisas namyeni mcenare ufro Zlieri izrdeba vidre nagala saZireze namyeni mcenare. sanergeSi namyeni nergebi TiTqmis Tanabari zrdiT xasiaTdebian rogorc Zlier saZireze damynili ise nagala sa-Zireze.

CarTuli mynobis pirobebSi xeze SesamCnevad msxvili nayofebi aRiricxeba. nayofebis gamsxvileba damokidebulia nivTierebaTa cvlis xasiaTze. asimiliante-bis ganawilebaze. mcire nawili ixarjeba fesvebis zrdaze da xis miwiszeda nawilebis ganviTarebaze, ConCxis Seqmnaze. cdebiT dadasturebulia, rom saasimi-lacio zedapiri e.i. foTlis farTi metia Zlier saZireze, aseve namyeni xis fotosinTezis produqtiuloba metia nagala xeebze vidre Zlieri zrdis xeebis. saZires da sanamyenes SeuTavsebloba iwvevs nayofebis dawvrilebas. magaliTad bali damynobili balamwareze isxams SedarebiT msxvil nayofs vidre balRojze damynobili, radgan bals da balRojs uWirT urTierToba.

nagala xeebi iZlevian SedarebiT SaqrebiT mdidar nayofebs vidre Zlieri zrdis xeebi. nagala xis varji ukeTesi ganaTebis pirobebSi imyofeba. SedarebiT mikroklimati ufro Tbilia.

komSis gamorCeuli formebi A anJeris, R , C tipis klonuri saZireebi msxlis saZireebad gamoiyeneba, romlebic asusteben msxlis namyenis zrdas.

komSis naTesari populaciebi nagala xeebis misaRebad ar gamodgeba, radgan maT Zlieri zrda axasiaTebT da ver uTavsdeba msxlis jiSebs _ sanamyenes da didi siWrelea zrdis mixedviTac. amitom komSze msxlis mynobisas gamoyenebuli unda iqnes interkaliari. anJeris komSze daimynoba masTan SeTavsebadi msxlis jiSi, xolo masze viliamsis da bereboskis jiSebi, sxva SemTxvevaSi msxlis am jiSebis tandabali xeebi ver miiReba. Sualedur rgolad komSze daimynoba msxlis jiSebi: kiure, bere-gardi, bere-ardamponi da masze daimynoba viliamsi da bere-boski.

litvis mexile-mecnierma a. kviklisma Seiswavla komSis saZireze 100-ze meti msxlis jiSis SeTvisebis unari da gamoavlina Sualeduri mynobisaTvis komSTan kargi SeTvisebis msxlis jiSi #31 naTesari.

daRestanSi r. g. cabolovma gamoavlina komSis forma R3 saZired.

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bali zedmetad Zlieri mzardi kulturaa, rac Zalian amcirebs mis gavrcele-bas Tanamedrove intensiuri mexileobis nargaobaSi. am mxriv mexileobis skris sacdel sadgurSi aspirant l. aleqsiZis da Cems mier Seswavlili iqna blis klonuri da naTesari saZireebi germaniidan Semotanili blis saZireebi alkavo, Jizela, kolti. F12/1 da bebnisis sanerge meurneobidan nagala formebis balRojis Teslebi. mecnierebi kvlav ganagrZoben mcdelobas miiRon iseTi saZireebi, romle-bic arsebiTad 30-50%-iT Seamcireben xis simaRles. iyeneben alublis dabal for-mebs. aSS-Si miiRes balRojis forma Pl (193688); safrangeTSi Pl-64; inglisSi kolti, romelic miRebul iqna hibridizaciis gziT Cerasus avium х cerasus pseugocerasus, ro-melic kargad mravldeba amonayrebiT da kalmebiT. aRniSnuli saZireebi gamoi-yeneba CarTuli mynobisaTvis. mcirdeba blis namyeni xis ganzomileba 30-50%-ia da baRSi irgveba farTobis erTeulze 2-3 jer meti nergi.

soWis mebaReobis da meyvavileobis institutSi mecnierma i. f. indenkom war-matebiT gamoiyena msxlisa da komSis saZire-sanamyenes SeuTavseblobis gadalaxva CarTuli mynobiT. yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi cnobili mexileebi da sanergis spe-cialistebi a. n. tatarinovi, v. v. zuevi, r. p. kudriavcevi, v. a. griazevi. s. n. ste-panovi, g. a. kabluCko _ ukrainidan, d. p. andriuSenko _ moldoveTidan rekomen-dacias uweven CarTuli mynobisaTvis samynobi komponentis kalmebis sigrZes; 15-20 sm-ze naklebi da meti ar unda iyos, radgan sanamyene jiSis xeebi zrdaSi Seferxe-biT xasiaTdebian.

magaliTad, germaniaSi warmatebiT gamoiyeneba interkaliariT mynoba de-koraciul mebaReobaSi Zlieri xeebis maRali tanis mcenareebis aRsazrdelad. CrdiloeT kavkasiidan i. a. gnezdilovma da a. f. doroSCenkom Seiswavles kurk-ovani kulturebis klonuri saZireebis da interkaliarebi gvalvagamZleobis, wylis Semkaveblobis da sicxisadmi foTlis mdgradobis unari.

interkaliaruli saZireebad vaSlis jiSebisaTvis v. a. griazevi rekomendacias aZlevs farTo gamocdisaTvis М-9; П-69; 57-476; 57-366; 57-491; М-26; Е-75; Г-134; 2-46-77; 3-1-21; 3-3-35; 3-3-72; 3-4-25; 3-4-98; 3-5-44; 3-6-47; 3-17-38. formebs.

aucilebelia, rom aseTi farTo speqtris interkaliaruli saZireebis gamocda Sesruldes rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTvelos mexileobis zonebSi, amasTan unda gamoicados da SeirCes sxvadasxva zomebis CanarTic da saZire-sanamyenesTan SeTanawyobili jiSebic.

Прививка способом вставки Г. Бадришвили, Н. Шенгелия ‐ НИИ СВ и В Резюме _ Растительные формы, используемые для образования промежуточного звена

между привоем и подвем именуется интеркаляром. Биологически вставка является подвоем по отнощению к привою и привоем по отнощению к подвою; цель приминения интеркаляра получение слаборослых деревьев, повышение выносливoсти штамба, прочность и компактность кроны, преодаление несовместимости прививочных компонентов.

Production of Planting material of Fruit Trees with Intercalary Graft Method G. Badrishvili, N. Shengelia

Summary: Cultivation of fruit saplings with the rate this fruit growing or intercalarius. Vegetative

forms, used for intermediate link education between a scion and a stock is called intercalarius. Biologically the insert is a stock in relation to a scion and a scion in relation to a stock. The purpose useintercalarius reception poorly tall trees, endurance increase the trunk durability and compactness of a crone, overcoming of incompatibility of vaccinating components.

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kaklovani kulturebis wayinvebiT

dazianeba saqarTveloSi.

i. vasaZe _ saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.

v. gogitiZe, n. mirotaZe _ soflis meurneobis mec. doqtorebi z. WipaSvili, T. salariZe _ soflis meurneobis akademiuri doqtori m. cqitiSvili – mec. muSaki. reziume: naSromSi mocemulia zamTarSi da gazafxulze, vegetaciis sawyis periodSi,

kaklovan kulturaTa gazafxulis wayinvebiTi dazianebis masalebi. ganxilulia, saqarT-velosaTvis uCveulo 2004 wlis naadrev gazafxulze kulturaTa wayinvebiT dazianeba. mo-cemulia agreTve, wayinvasaSiS zonebSi nargaobis damcavi RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba.

saqarTveloSi, gazafxulis sagviano wayinvebi perioduli agroklimaturi

movlenaa. calkeul wlebSi es araxelsayreli faqtori metad sazianoa, kul-turaTa vegetaciis ganaxlebis periodSi.

gazafxulze wayinvebis saSiSroeba ZiriTadad damokidebulia ganviTarebis sawyis fazaSi myof mcenareTa mdgomareobaze, kulturaTa gavrcelebis reliefur pirobebze, wayinvebis Sewyvetis vadebze, ganmeorebis sixSireze, maT intensivobasa da xangrZlivobaze.

Cveulebriv, gazafxulze vegetaciis adre dawyebiT gamoirCevian: Sindi, nuSi, tyemali, gargari da sxv.; vegetaciis SedarebiT gvian dawyeba axasiaTebT: atams, bals, alubals, msxals, vaSls, kakals, aqtinidias, vazs, aRmosavlur xurmas, broweuls, unabs da sxv.

calkeuli adre moyvavile kulturebi (Sindi, nuSi, tyemali, gargari da sxv.) sayvavile kvirtebis dabervas da gaSlas martis Sua ricxvebidan, haeris tempera-turis 6-80 C-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvlidan iwyeben. kakalis vegetacia sazrdeli kvirtebis daberva _ gaSliT aprilis pirvel naxevarSi haeris saSualo dReRamuri tamperaturis 100-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvlidan xdeba.

Txilis biologiuri Tavisebureba zamTris TveebSi yvavilobaa. jiSebis mixedviT yvavilobis periodi, romelic foTlebis gamoCenamde cvalebadobs dekem-bridan martamde. jiSebi yvavilobas iwyeben periodSi, roca haeris temperatura 5-100 C-is farglebSia. Txili sakmaod yinvagamZle mcenarea. erTwliani nazardi ar ziandeba _ 250 temperaturaze, Tumca yvavilobis periodSi _ 70-ze naklebma tem-peraturam SesaZloa mniSvnelovnad (50%) daazianos yvavilebi.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, zRvis donidan 500 m. simaRlemde arsebul zonebSi dReebi 70-ze naklebi temperaturebiT ianvarSi 8-s, TebervalSi 3-s Seadgens; 500 _ dan 1000 m simaRlemde _ ianvarSi _ 9 dRes, TebervalSi _ 5 dRes, martSi ki 3 dRes aRwevs. 1000-1500 m simaRlis farglebSi aseTi dReebis raodenoba, ianvarSi _ 11, TebervalSi _ 10, martSi _ 7-ia. Txilis foTolwarmoqmna Cveulebriv adre _ mar-tis bolo ricxvebSi xdeba.

Tanamedrove periodSi dedamiwaze mimdinare globaluri daTboba, SedarebiT metad zamTris TveebSi xdeba subtropikulidan zomierze gardamaval klimatur sartyelSi mdebare saqarTveloSi, Tbil zamTars naadrevi gazafxuli mosdevs, mravalwliani kulturebi naadrev vegetacias ganicdis. aseT SemTxvevaSi ganaxle-bul vegetaciis dros wayinvebi araxelsayreli agroklimaturi faqtori xdeba.

zogjer, wlis civ periodSi da gazafxulze samxreT-dasavleTidan adgili aqvs Tbili haeris masebis adveqcias. es procesi xSirad xangrZlivia da iwvevs zamTris mosvenebidan mcenareTa naadrev gamosvlas da vegetaciis dawyebas.

am periodSi xSirad aRiniSneba Crdilo-dasavleTidan arqtikuli da cimbi-ruli anticiklonis SemoWra, romelic acivebas da intensiur wayinvebs iwvevs. am

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dros civi haeris masebis SemoWra mTel saqarTveloSi TiTqmis erTdroulad xdeba.

kulturebis adreuli `gamoRviZebis~ dros, wayinvebiT maTi dazianebis alba-Toba metia. naadrevi daTbobiT gamowveuli adreuli vegetaciis dros gazafxuli xangrZlivad Wianurdeba, civi amindebis xSiri ganmeorebis zegavleniT, mcenareTa ganviTarebis tempi nelia.

vegetaciis gvian dawyebis SemTxvevaSi wayinvebi SedarebiT iSviaTia. xalxur gamonaTqvamze dayrdnobiT cnobilia, rom `naadrevi gazafxuli macduria~... `nag-vianevi gazafxuli ki ufro saimedo~.

nuSi mSarali subtropikuli klimatis kurkovani (kakalnayofiani) kulturaa. nuSis produqciaze mosaxleobis mzardi moTxovnilebis miuxedavad saqarTveloSi misi farTobi metad arasakmaoa. farTobis aseT naklebobas ganapirobebs mcenareTa arastabiluri mosavlianoba, romelic gamowveulia adreuli yvavilobiT da gazafxulis wayinvebiT xSiri dazianebiT. nuSi metad mokle mosvenebis periodiT da adreuli yvavilobiT gamoirCeva; yvavilobis periodi xangrZlivia, yvavilobas haeris temperaturis 60-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvlidan iwyebs. romelic 12-15 dRemde grZeldeba. am process 400-600 m simaRlis farglebSi gavrcelebuli nuSi martis meore dekadaSi (10-17.03) iwyebs; am simaRleTa farglebSi ukanaskneli wayin-vebi qvemo qarTlSi da Siga kaxeTSi saSualod 23-24.03, Sida qarTlSi ki aprilis meore dekadis dadgomamde grZeldeba. amrigad nuSi aq yvavilobas marTalia Se-darebiT gvian iwyebs, magram wayinvebiT maTi dazianeba ufro saSiSia, vidre qvemo qarTlsa da Siga kaxeTSi. mesxeTSi ki aseTi saSiSroeba, miuxedavad gvian dawye-buli yvavilobisa, ufro xSirad aris mosalodneli.

kakals vegetacia aprilis pirvel naxevarSi _ haeris saSualo dReRamuri temperaturis 9-100C-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvlidan aReniSneba. kvirtis gaSlis procesSi, sazrdeli da sayvavile kvirtebi, nuSis msgavsad ziandeba mcire xan-grZlivobis _ 3-40 temperaturaze. aseTnairad ziandeba gaSlili kvirtebi da pirveladi foTlebi _ 2-30 temperaturaze, xolo _ 1.5-20-ze yvavilebi da axalgaz-rda naskvebi.

cxrilis saxiT mocemuli gvaqvs saqarTvvelos sxvadasxva mxareebisaTvis, saSualo mravalwliuri monacemebis mixedviT, gansaxilvel kulturaTa vegetaciis sawyisi temperaturebis (6,8 da 100) dadgomisa da gazafxulis sagviano wayinvebis Sewyvetis vadebi, cxrilSi mogvyavs agreTve kulturaTa vegetaciis dawyebis saSu-alo (50%) da saadreo (5%) TariRebi cxrils Tan erTvis aseve gazafxulis wayin-vebis Sewyvetis vadebis ganawileba albaTobis saxiT; _ saSualo _ 50%, saadreo _ 95% da sagviano (5%).

cxrilis monacemebidan Cans, rom kolxeTis dablobis ukidures aRmosavleT nawilSi (zestafoni) haeris saSualo dReRamuri temperaturis 100-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvla (kaklisa da sxv. kulturebis vegetaciis dawyeba) saSualod martis dasasruls (30. 03) xdeba. 00 intensivobis ukanaskneli wayinva ki _ saSualod mce-naris vegetaciis dawyebamde 10 dRiT adre _ 20, 03 wydeba. e.i. mikroubanSi, saSu-alo mravalwliuri mniSvnelobiT gazafxulis wayinvebi kaklisaTvis saSiSi ar aris.

TiTqmis analogiur SemTxvevas aqvs adgili, kaklis kulturaze wayinvebis zegavlenis mxriv, alaznis vakeze (Telavi), sadac mcenaris vegetaciis dawyebisa da wayinvebis Sewyvetis vadebi gansxvavebul periodebSi xdeba, magram vegetacia wayinvebis Sewyvetidan saSualod 10 dRis Semdeg iwyeba.

kulturaTaTvis gazafxulis wayinvebis meti saSiSroeba arsebobs Sida qarTlis centraluri nawilis dablob zonaSi (gori, skra) 550-650 m simaRlis farglebSi.

550 m simaRleze dablamdebare (kaspi, mcxeTa) da 650 metrze maRlamdebare zonebSi, sadac kakali vegetacias wayinvebis Sewyvetidan 8-10 dRis Semdeg iwyebs, saSualo mravalwliuri monacemebis mixedviT aq maTi saSiSroeba SedarebiT nak-lebia.

cxrili 1

vegetaciis sawyisi temperaturebis dadgomisa gazafxulis wayinvebis Sewyvetis vadebi

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saqarTvelosaTvis, uCveulo iyo 2004 wlis naadrevi gazafxuli. Tebervlis

dasasrulidan martis pirvel pentadamde-9 dRis ganmavlobaSi damyarebuli 9-140

haeris saSualo dReRamuri temperatura sakmao aRmoCnda xexilovanTa vegetaciis dasawyebad. calkeul mikrozonebSi yvaviloba daiwyo Sindma, nuSma, tyemalma, gar-garma da atammac.

5 martidan 21 martamde civi haeris masebis SemoWram SeaCera mcenareTa dawye-buli vegetacia, Tumca haeris minimaluri temperatura mcenareTa organoebisaTvis saziano sididemde ar dacemula.

martis mesame dekadaSi samxreT-dasavleTidan SemoWrilma Tbili haeris masebma saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze ganapiroba uCveulod (metad) Tbili unaleqo amindebi, dablob da mTiswina zonebSi, 21-dan 29 martamde (9 dRis ga-namvlobaSi) haeris saSualo dReRamuri temperatura 12-150C-is farglebSi mer-yeobda, ramac mcenareTa SeCerebuli vegetacia aqtiurad ganaaxla.

momdevno erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi, civi haeris masebis Crdilo-dasavleTidan adveqciam kulturaTa vegetacia isev SeaCera. 4 aprils ki CrdiloeTidan ultrapolarulad gadmonacvlebulma Zalze civma haeris masebma, gansxvavebuli reliefuri pirobebis Sesabamisi, sxvadasxva intensivobis (_3... _ 60C) wayinvebi gamoiwvia, ramac kulturaTa axalwarmoqmnili organoebis nawilobrivi, zogan mniSvnelovani dazianeba ganapiroba.

aRnSnuli dazianeba metad SeiniSna kulturebze da maT jiSebze, romlebic vegetacias SedarebiT adre iwyeben. aseTi adgilebia dablobi da mTiswina mxareebi. ukanaskneli 100-ze meti wlis ganmavlobaSi md. alaznis xeobis mTis-winebze (Telavi) haeris temperaturis 100-ze zeviT mdgradi gadasvla adreul vadebSi _ 16-dan 29.03-mde sul 18-jer aRiniSna. yvelaze adreul gadasvlas 16-18.03-s da mcenareTa vegetaciis dawyebas adgili hqonda 1947 da 1989 wlebSi.

SevexoT, mxolod wayinvebis winaaRmdeg brZolis RonisZiebaTa agrobiologi-uri meTodebis gamoyenebis sakiTxs _ es meTodebi sadReisod metad praqtikul da saimedo saSualebad iTvleba mcenareTa mosavlianobis SesanarCuneblad.

wayinvsaSiS zonebSi, sadac kulturaTa dazianeba xSirad aris mosalodneli, pirvel rigSi unda SevarCioT bunebrivad SedarebiT daculi adgilebi; unda SeirCes jiSebi, romlebic vegetacias gvian iwyeben.

cnobilia, rom yvelaze metad Tbili _ samxreTuli daqanebis ferdobebia. yvelaze civi ki-Crdilo ferdobi. dasavleTis ferdobi ufro Tbilia, vidre aRmo-savleTis. wayinvasaSiS zonebSi meti privilegia (upiratesoba) eniWeba Crdilo da

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aRmosavleT mimarTulebebs Soris moqceul ferdobebs, romlebzedac gaSenebuli kultura, SedarebiT gvian iwyebs vegetacias.

wayinvasaSiS zonebSi unda moveridoT rogorc vegetaciis adre damwyebi, ise Crdilo ganedebSi warmoqmnili kulturebisa da jiSebis gadmotanas.

nargaobis civi qanebisagan dasacavad, gaSenebuli maradmwvane qarsafrebi qaris siCqaris Semcirebis Sesabamisad nakveTze haeris temperaturas 1,0-1,50-iT amaRlebs.

amaRlebul Stambze, sanayofe kvirtebis niadagis zedapiridan metad daSore-biT, intensiuri wayinvebiT maTi dazianebis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba.

yvela tipis wayinvebis dawyebamde nargaobis morwyvis RonisZiebis gatareba, maT winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi metad efeqturi saSualebaa.

niadagis damuSavebuli zedapiri dRis ganmavlobaSi mzis sxivuri energiiT naklebad xurdeba, vidre damuSavebuli-gafxvierebuli niadagis zedapiri.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, TiToeuli agrobiologiuri saSualeba ganapi-robebs 20-mde temperaturul efeqts. nakveTis qarsafrebiT dacvasTan erTad, sxva RonisZiebebis (morwyva, niadagis damuSaveba, Stambis amaRleba da sxv). kom-pleqsurad gatareba praqtikulad metad saimedo saSualebaa wayinvebis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da kulturaTa sakmao raodenobis mosavlianobis SesanarCuneblad.

gamoyenebuli literatura

1. v. gogitiZe, n. mirotaZe – Txilis agroekologiuri zonebi saqarTveloSi. sponsori _ Sps `babli~, Tbilisi, 2003, gv. 167.

2. v. gogitiZe, v. kvaliaSvili, d. maRraZe, z. WipaSvili. gargaris agroklima-turi resursebi saqarTveloSi. ssmma-is moambe #27, Tbilisi 2010, gv. 60-64.

3. Васадзе Ю., Гогитидзе В., Миротадзе Н., Гогинава Л., Жгенти М. – Зоны плодоводства Грузии и их общая агроклиматическая характеристика. «Аграрная наука» №3, М. 2006, стр. 19-20.

4. Научно-прикладной справочник по климату. Вып. 14, Грузия. Ленинград, 1990. Гидрометеоихдат, стр. 348.

Повреждение орехоплодных культур замирозками в Грузии

Ю. Васадзе, В. Гогитидзе, Н. Миротадзе, З. Чипашвили, Т. Саларидзе, Н. Цкитишвили НИИ СВ и В

Резюме: В труде даны материалы касющиеся заморозков в начале вегетационного периода

орехоплодных культур. Рассмотрены вопросы ранних весенних заморозков необыкновенного 2004 года и противозащитных мероприятий.

Damage nut cultures frosts in Georgia

I Vasadze V. Gogitidze, N. Mirotadze, Z. Chipashvili, T. Salaridze, N. Tsqitishvili,

Summary: In work the given materials concerning a frost in the beginning of the registration period of

nut cultures. Questions early spring a frost of unusual 2004 and against the shielding action are considered.

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nuSis samrewvelo baRis gaSenebisaTvis

lali goginava - soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtorebi; natruli miqaZe, mzia WeliZe - soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiuri

doqtorebi; mzia baiaZe – mec. muSaki reziume: grant 276-iT agTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi Catarda skris sakonsultacio

centris teritoriaze, gaSenda nuSis namyeni nergiT baRi romlis drosac gaTvalis-winebul da gamoyenebul iqna yvela is faqtori, romelic Cvens mier iqna Seswavlili, Se-muSavebuli da rekomendirebuli.

1. adgilis SerCeva da momzadeba. nuSis samrewvelo baRis gaSenebisas

pirvel rigSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT siTbos reJimi, gazafxulis gviani wayinvebis saSiSroeba, naleqebis raodenoba, qarebis siZliere da mimaRtuleba, niadagis tipi da sxva faqtorebi.

SerCeul zonaSi kulturis gaadgilebis dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces mikronakveTebis gamoyofas.

nuSisaTvis xelsayrelia iseTi adgili, romelic yvavilobis periodSi mdgradi temperaturiT xasiaTdeba.

mcenaris zrda-ganviTareba da mosavali niadagis nayofierebazea damokide-buli.

nuSi kargad izrdeba da viTardeba Rrma msubuq, kargi aeraciis mqone niad-agebze, sadac kalciumis Semadgenloba 3-5%-ia. nuSis gaSeneba rekomendirebulia yavisfer, rux yavisfer, Savmiwa karbonatul niadagebze, nuSi kargad viTardeba da msxmoiarobs mZime sarwyav baRebTan da RorRian niadagebzec.

baRebisaTvis unda SeirCes Rrma, sarwyavi wyliT uzrunvelyofili niadagebi. baRi unda gaSendes qarebisaTvis bunebrivad dacul adgilebSi an moewyos

qarsafari zolebi 2-3 wliT adre. nuSis zrda-ganviTarebaze didad aris damokidebuli SerCeuli nakveTebis wi-

naswar momzadeba _ gasufTavdes qva-RorRisagan, buCqebisagan, sasurvelia daiTe-sos saToxni kultura. Tu nakveTze wlebis ganmavlobaSi erTwliani kulturebi iTeseboda da niadagis yovelwliurad damuSavebis gamo gauaresebulia misi fizi-kuri Tvisebebi saWiroa mravalwliani balaxebis Tesva da Semdeg misi Caxvna or-ganul-mineralur sasuqebTan erTad.

baRis gaSenebamde niadagi unda moixnas Rrmad 50-60 sm-ze, xvna unda Catardes 30 seqtebmramde.

baRis gaSenebis win unda Catardes mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi: niadagSi Seg-vaqvs organul-mineraluri sasuqebi (raodenoba dgindeba niadagis meqanikur-qimiuri analizis Semdeg): mlaSe niadagebze unda Catardes hidroteqnikur-melioraciuli RonisZiebebi, ZiriTadi xvnis Semdeg nakveTi unda moSandakdes da daigegmos.

kvebis are _ uxvi, maRalxarisxovani mosavlis miRebasa da mcenaris produ-qtiulobis periodis gaxangrZlivebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs kvebis aris dadgena, romlis drosac gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes jiSuri Tavisebureba, niadaguri pirobebi, reliefi da sxva.

Cvens mier rekomendirebuli jiSebisa da formebisaTvis Zlier Rrma niad-agebze karg Sedegs iZleva 7X8, RorRian niadagebze ki 6X7 kvebis areze gaSeneba.

nergis gaSeneba _ nuSis dargva SesaZlebelia rogorc SemodgomiT, ise gazafxulze _ upiratesoba SemodgomiT gaSenebisas eniWeba _ radganac Se-

37

modgomiT gaSenebuli nergebi gazafxulzec Zlierad iwyebs vegetacias da xels uwyobs mcenares Zlierad ganviTarebas.

dasargavi ormoebi amoiReba 40X50 sm siRrmeze, dargvis win ormoebSi unda SevitanoT da kargad aurioT organul-mineraluri sasuqebi _ nakeli 12-15 kg; ni-troamofska 100-120 gr. dargvis Semdeg niadagi moitkepnos, gaukeTdes jamebi da moirwyas.

baRis ganoyiereba _ uxvi da maRalxarisxovani mosavlis misaRebad aucile-belia baRis ganoyiereba mineraluri da organuli sasuqebiT.

sakvebi elementebidan nuSis kultura did moTxovnilebas uyenebs fosfors, kaliums, azots. mineraluri sasuqebi dadebiT Sedegs iZleva rogorc cal-calke, ise erToblivi gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, maTi efeqti gansakuTrebiT didia nakelTan erTad, radgan nakeli warmoadgens ara marto sakvebi nivTierebebis wyaros aramed xels uwyobs niadagis fizikuri Tvisebebis gaumjobesebasac.

mineraluri sasuqebis Setana, niadagSi _ zrdis ylortebis raodenobas, iz-rdeba gamonaskvis procenti aqedan gamomdinare izrdeba mosavalic.

mineraluri sasuqebis dozebis da vadebis dadgena xdeba niadagobriv klima-turi pirobebis, mcenaris asakis, jiSuri Taviseburebebis, gamoyenebuli sasuqebis Tvisebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

morwyva _ rogorc viciT nuSi gvalvagamZle kulturaa, magram urwyav pi-robebSi irRveva mcenaris zrdis ritmi, sustdeba miwiszeda da miwisqveSa or-ganoebis zrda-ganviTareba, mcirdeba mosavlianoba da uaresdeba misi xarisxi. vegetaciis periodSi 3-4 morwyva dadebiT Sedegs iZleva.

sxvla-formireba _ nuSi bunebrivad inviTarebs cocxisebr, ganierpiramidul, momrgvalo-piramidul daxriltotebian formis varjs.

nuSis sanayofe nazardebi ar saWiroeben damoklebas. Semodgomaze varji unda gasufTavdes CaxSuli da xmeli dazianebuli totebisagan raTa gaumjobesdes var-jis ganaTeba, moxdes sanayofe totebis swrafi zrda-ganviTareba, rac uxvi da xarisxiani mosavlis sawindaria. nuSis xis gaaxalgazrdavebis dros unda damok-ldes axalgazrda totebi da gamoixSiros sanayofe moberebuli totebi. gasxluli da formirebuli nuSis nargaoba inviTarebs jiSisaTvis damaxasiaTebel varjis formas.

mosavlis aReba _ nuSis saadreo jiSebis nayofi mwifdeba agvistos II dekadidan Tvis bolomde; sagviano jiSebi ki seqtembris meore-mesame dekadaSi.

momwifebuli nayofebis lenjo yviTldeba da ixsneba, es yvelaze kargi peri-odia mosavlis asaRebad. Camocvenil da dakrefili nayofebi unda ganTavisufldes gare garsisagan, gaiSalos mSral adgilze gafantul sinaTlis Suqze. periodu-lad unda moxdes areva. gamSrali gadarCeuli saRi nayofebi moTavsdes haergamtar toprakebSi da dalagdes sardafSi, roemlic periodulad niavdeba.

literatura:

1. nakaiZe i. mcenaris fesvgareSe gamokveba, Tbilisi, 1959. 2. kecxoveli n. saqarTvelos mcenareuli safari. ma gamomcemloba, Tbilisi,

1960. 3. vasaZe i. mexileobis Tanamedrove mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi, Tbilisi,

2001.

38

К вопросу закладки промышленного сада миндаля.

Л. Гогинава, Н. Микадзе, М. Челидзе, М. Баиадзе – НИИ СВ.и В. Резюме: Работы, которые были определены грантом №276 проведены на территории

Скрийского консультативного центра, на территории которой был заложен сад миндаля, при использовании, предложении и рекомендации, которые были определены авторами этой статьи для закладки промышленного сада культуры миндаля.

To a question of a bookmark of an industrial garden of almonds

Goginava L., Miqadze N., Chelidze M., Baiadze M.

Summary: Works which have been defined by the grant № 276 spent in territory of the Skrijsky advi-

sory centre in which territory was the almonds garden is put at use the sentence and the recommendation which have been defined by authors of this article for a bookmark of an industrial garden of culture of al-monds.

39

xexilovani kulturis niadaguri pirobebi

i. vasaZe _ saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis

akademikosi, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. j. oniani - saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-

korespondenti, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. m. WeliZe _ soflis meurneobis mec. akademiuri doqtori reziume: aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod Sida qarTlSi, mdelos yavisferi niadagi

saSualo nayofierebiT gamoirCeva da mizanSewonilad migvaCnia mravalwliani kulturebis gasaSeneblad (kakali, nuSi da sxva) mineraluri da organuli sauqebis gamoyenebiT labo-ratoriuli analizis monacemebisa da mexile specialistebis mier mocemuli, saTanado agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebis gatarebis safuZvelze.

yvela sasoflo-dameurneo kultura did mosavals iZleva kargi Tvisebebis

mqone niadagebze e.i. iseT niadagebze, romlebic xasiaTdeba didi nayofierebiT, hu-musiani fenis didi sisqiT, agronomiulad srulfasovani struqturiT, wylisa da haeris kargi gamtarobiT, fxvieri agebulebiT, kargi qimiuri, fizikuri, wylieri biologiuri TvisebebiT da kargi drenirebuli qvedafeniT, swored am tipis niad-agebi unda iqnes gamoyenebuli mravalwliani kulturebis gasaSeneblad. aRniSnuli mdgomareoba dRis wesrigSi ayenebs metad aqtualur problemebis gadawyvetis sa-kiTxs. kerZod imas, rom sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis Taviseburebebidan gamom-dianre isini sxvadasxva Tvisebebis mqone niadagebis tipebs, qvetipebs, gvarebs, saxeobebs da saxesxvaobebs movargoT ise, rom maTgan damakmayofilebeli mosavali miiRebodes e.i. iZleodes ekonomiurad gamarTlebul efeqts. ase, magaliTad, zogierTi sasoflo-sameurneo kultura kargad itans uaryofiTad momqmedi marilebis did Semcvelobas, zogi karbonatebis did raodenobas, zogi Zlier mJave ares reaqcias. zogi niadaguri safaris mcire sisqes, xirxatis did Semcvelobas da gruntis wylebis maRla dgomas an msubuqi meqanikuri Sedgenilobis niadagebs, zogi mcire nayofierebisa da didi simkvrivis mqone niadagebs, zogic tenian da mSral niadagebs.

saqarTveloSi mexileobis da mevenaxeobis ganviTarebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs efeqturi RonisZiebebis SemuSavebas da warmoebaSi masobrivad danergvas, niadagebis nayofierebis zrdasa da maT racionalur gamoyenebas.

saqarTveloSi ekonomikis swrafi ganviTareba, mosaxleobis zrda, xalxis ma-terialuri keTildReobis ganuwyveteli gaumjobeseba sul ufro did moTxov-nilebas uyenebs sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebas, soflis meurneobis Semdgom aR-mavlobas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs mTavrobis mier dasaxuli amocanebis ganxor-cielebisaTvis, mSromelTa cxovrebis materialuri da kulturuli donis amaR-lebisaTvis. amitom aris, rom mTavroba saxalxo meurneobis sxva dargebTan erTad, did yuradRebas aqcevda da aqcevs soflis meurneobis aRmavlobas.

sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis maRali da myari mosavlis miRebisaTvis erT-erTi pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba aqvs niadags. niadagi, rogorc TviTmyofadi _ istoriuli sxeuli, soflis meurneobis warmoebis ZiriTad saSualebas war-moadgens.

sxvadasxva tipis niadagebisTvis nayofierebis maCveneblebi sxvadasxvanairia. niadagis nayofiereba ar SeiZleba marto sakvebi elementebis maragiT an humusis SemcvelobiT an niadagis fizikuri Tu fizikur-qimiuri TvisebebiT ganisazRvros. igi calkeuli niadagisaTvis damaxasiTaebeli TvisebebiTa da garemo pirobebTan erTobliobiT ganisazRvreba.

niadagis nayofirebis dadgenis mizniT gamovikvlieT skraSi mdelos yavisferi tipis niadagi, romelic gavrcelebulia aluviur da yavisfer niadagebs Soris da romelzec gaSenebulia granti #276-iT gaTvaliswinebuli kaklisa da nuSis 2.8 ha baRi goris raionis skris sakonsultacio bazaze. es niadagebi ZiriTadad gvxvdeba

40

qarTlsa da kaxeTSi, xolo samrewvelo mexileobis klasikur zonas Sua qarTlis mdelos yavisferi niadagebi warmoadgens. mdelos yavisferi niadagebis ganviTare-bis pirvel stadiaze genezisur horizontebad diferencireba naklebad SeimCneva, xolo meore stadiaze Walis tyeebis velis mcenareulobis SecvliT moxda genesi-zuri horizontebis ukeT diferencireba da miiRo velis niadagebis msgavsi niS-nebi. maTi diferencireba dakavSirebulia gruntis wylebis maRla dgomasTan. bune-briv pirobebTan erTad gamdeloebis process xels uwyobs rwyva. es niadagebi didi masivebis saxiT gvxvdeba Sida qarTlis _ doRlauris, tirifonas, muxran-saguramos vakeebze, aseve qvemo qarTlSi da kaxeTSi. es niadagebi gavrcelebulia akumulaciur vakeebze da mdinareTa Zvel terasebze. mdelos yavisfeeri niadagebi ganviTarebulia galiosebul deluviur-proluviur da mdinareTa mier danaleq qanebze.

mdelos yavisferi niadagebi meqanikuri SemadgenlobiT mZime Tixnarebisa da Tixebis kategorias miekuTvneba. nawilakTa Soris pirvel adgils leqis, meores _ lamis, xolo mesames Slamis fraqcia ikavebs. fizikuri Tixis Semcveloba 55-85%-is farglebSia. es niadagebi didi raodenobiT Seicavs koloidur fraqcias, ris ga-moc xasiaTdeba gaTixianebis maRali koeficientebiT (gansakuTrebiT mis Sua fenebSi). xexilovani da maT Soris kaklis da nuSis kulturebis gasaSeneblad um-jobesia am niadagebis mZime Tixnari da msubuqi Tixa saxesxvaobebi, rasac gansa-kuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces sabaRed nidagebis SerCevis dros.

mdelos yavisfer nidagebSi humusis Semcveloba 2,0-2,5; saerTo azotis 0,10-0,35; fosforis 0,04-0,18; xolo kaliumis 0,7-18% farglebSia. hidrolizuri azotis Sem-cveloba 3,5-6,5; SesaTvisebeli fosforis 0,5-5,5; xolo gacvliTi kaliumi 20-120mg. Seadgens 100 gr niadagSi.

STanTqmuli fuZeebis jami 35-55 milieqvivalentia 100gr. niadagSi, romelTagan kalciumze 80-90, xolo magniumze 10-20% modis. karbonatebis Semcveloba siRrmis matebis mixedviT 1-250-mde izrdeba. ares reaqcia neitraluri da tutea.

mdelos yavisferi niadagebis nayofierebis amaRlebisaTvis saWiroa wylier TvisebaTa regulireba, qarsafari tyis zolebis sworad gaSeneba, organuli da fiziologiurad mJave mineraluri sasuqebis racionalurad gamoyeneba, siderate-bisa da mravalwlovani balaxebis Tesva da fizikuri simwifis fazaSi maRalx-arisxovnad damuSaveba.

zemoTaRniSnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom Cvens mier ga-mokvleuli mdelos yavisferi niadagi saSualo nayofierebiT gamoirCeva da mizan-Sewonilad migvaCnia gamoyenebul iqnas mravalwliani kulturebis (kakali, nuSi) gasaSeneblad, saTanado agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebis gatarebiT.

Catarebuli kvlevisa da mexileobis agrowesebis Tanaxmad saTanado yuradReba unda mieqces organuli da mineraluri sasuqebiT niadagis ganoyiere-basa da Cvens mier mocemuli rekomendaciebis droulad Sesrulebas.


1. i. vasaZe, `mexileobis mdgomareoba Sida qarTlSi, gamomcemloba Tbilisi; 2. oniani j. sabaRe niadagebis racionalurad gamoyeneba “sabWoTa saqarT-

velo”. Tbilisi. 1985. 3. oniani j., kereseliZe k. baRis niadagis nayofierebis amaRlebis mecnieruli

safuZvlebi. (monografia), Tbilisi, 2003.

41

Почвенные условия для плодовых культур.

Ю. Васадзе, Дж. Ониани, М. Челидзе НИИСВ и В. Резюме: В Восточной Грузии, особенно в Шида Картли, коричневые почвы занимают большую

площадь на которых распространены плодовые культуры, в том числе орехоплодные. В статье рассмотрены вопросы касающиеся этих почв и даны рекомендации для их использования под орехоплоднимы культурами – особенно под грецким орехом и минлалем.

Soil conditions for the fruit cultures.

I. Vasadze DJ. Oniani M. Chelidze Summary: In East Georgia, in especially in Shida Kartli, brown soils occupy the big space on which

fruit crops, including nut are extended. In article questions these soils are considered and recommendations for their use under nut cultures – especially under a walnut and the almonds are made.

42

Txilis nayofis qimuri Semadgenlobis cvlileba

Senaxvis periodSi

mirotaZe maia-doqtoranti, saxelmwifo agraruli universiteti

reziume: statiaSi ganxilulia Txilis rogorc Senaxvis obieqtis Taviseburebebi,

Txilis Senaxvis perodSi xarisxis maqimalurad SenarCunebis da danakargebis minimumamde Semcirebis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi da Txilis nayofis qimiuri Semadgenlobis cvlileba.

Txilis xarisxis cvlileba Senaxvis periodSi misi biologiuri

specifikurobiT, Senaxvis win nayofis sawyisi mdgomareobiT da Senaxvis pirobebiT

ganisazRvreba. xarisxis Tavdapirveli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba ucvlelad

SeuZlebelia, magram nayofSi sasicocxlo procesebis mimdinareobis intensivoba,

danakargebis ganmsazRvrel mTavar faqtors warmoadgens da Senaxvisas ZiriTadi

amocanaa SeizRudos nayofSi mimdinare fizikuri, fiziologiuri, bioqimiuri,

mikrobiologiuri procesebi.

nayofis ama Tu im mdgomareobis ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens masSi

tenis Semcveloba (TxilisTvis es niSnulia a.u.12%) romlis raodenobazea

ZiriTadad damokidebuli sunTqvis mimdinareobis intensivoba. Txilis xarisxi

Semadgeneli nivTierebebis stabilurobiT aris ganpirobebuli da Seicaven ra

didi raodenobiT cximebs, mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli cximSi mimdinare

procesebze. fermenti lipaza romelic moipoveba cximis Semcveli yvela kulturis

nayofSi iwvevs cximis rogorc hidrolizs ise sinTezsac, (gliceridebis sinTezi

warmoadgens wonasworul reaqcias) reaqciis wonasworobaze gavlenas axdens

moqmed nivTierebaTa gansakuTrebiT ki wylis koncentracia, amitom Senaxvis

periodis ganmavlobaSi aucilebelia, rom Txilis gulSi tenis niSnuli ar

imatebdes. radgan ganzavebul areSi lipaza axdens cximebis hidrolizs.

lipoqsigenaza ki akatalizebs JangviT reaqciebs, Sedegad dagrovili hidroJangebi

Zlieri toqsikuri TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba. imisda mixedviT, Tu ra damaxasiaTebeli

nivTierebebi warmoiqmneba aRniSnuli procesis Sedegad, Txilis xarisxis

gauareseba Semdeg etapebad iyofa: 1. hidrolizis Sedegad Tavisufal mJavaTa

mateba. (nayofis gamwareba) 2. aldehiduri damZaReba. 3. ketonuri damZaReba, 4.

daobeba.

Txilis qimiuri Semadgenlobis cvlileba damokidebulia Senaxvis reJimze

rac Tavis mxriv gansazRvravs nayofSi mimdinare reaqciebs, am procesebidan

sunTqva rogorc ZiriTadi procesi nivTierebaTa cvlisa, nayofis anabiozur

mdgomareobaSi Senaxvisas (haeris temperatura a.u. 200C da tenianoba a.u. 65-70%-i).

minimumamde aris dayvanili magram srulad ar aris SezRuduli, sunTqva

mimdinareobs mTeli rigi organuli naerTebis da pirvel rigSi naxSirwylebis

xarjze, rac bunebrivia misi raodenobis Semcirebas iwvevs. Ggamomdinare iqedan

rom Senaxvis pirveli 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi sunTqvis intensivoba SedarebiT

maRalia, Sesabamisad danakargic meti dafiqsirda. Seicvala cximis cximmJavuri

Semadgenloba, gaizarda najeri cximovani mJavebis raodenoba. Txilis qimiuri Se-

43

madgenlobis cvlileba Senaxvisas ganisazRvra jiS. gulSiSvelas magaliTze

Sedegebi mocemulia cxr #1.

qimiuri Semadgenlobis cvlileba Senaxvis periodSi

jiSi: gulSiSvela 2009 wlis mosavali cxr # 1

TxilSi ujeri cximovani mJavebis raodenoba bevrad metia vidre najeris,

jiS gulSiSvelas nayofSi najer da ujer cximovan mJavebs Soris Senaxvis dasawy-isSi Tanafardoba ase gadanawilda 4,9 % najeri 95,15% ujeri, ujeri cximovani mJava ormagi kavSiris adgilze advilad ierTebs sxva nivTierebas mag. wyalbads – katalizatorebis moqmedebiT, Senaxvis periodSi nayofSi mimdinare am tipis reaqciis SedegiaA najeri cximovani. mJavebis raodenobis zrda ujeris xarjze rac garkveulwilad aris nayofis kvebiTi Rirebulebis gauareseba, Tumca es cvlileba SesamCnevad ar asaxula gemur Tvisebebze.

TxilSi cximmJavuri Sedgenilobis cvlileba Senaxvis periodSi

jiSi: gulSiSvela 2009 wlis mosavali cxr #2

miRebuli Sedegi (%)

P# parametris dasaxeleba

Senaxvamde 3 Tvis Semdeg

12 Tvis

Semdeg 1 2 3 4 5

1 palmitinis MmJava 16:0 3.7 3.7 3.7

miRebuli Sedegi

#

Pparametri

ganz

Senaxvam

de

3Tvis

Semdeg

12 Tvis

Semdeg

1 2 3 5 6 7

1 teni 11,43 9.61 6,8

2 cximi 63,42 62,9 61,1

3 cila 14,28 14,28 14,28

4 inv.Saqrebi 0,74 0,37 0,12

5 saqaroza 5,54 4,40 2,16

6 sul Saqari 6,27 4,77 2,28

7 ujredisi 4,89 4,89 4,89

8 aflatoqsini B1 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02

9 aflatoqsini B2 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02

10 aflatoqsini G1 <0,02 <0,02 <0,02

11 aflatoqsini G2

mg/kg

<0,02 <0,02 <0,02

44

2 stearinis mJava 18:0 1.2 4.5 10.3 sul ujeri 4.9 8,2 14,0 3 oleinis mJava 18:1 79.2 77.1 72.8 4 linolis mJava 18:2 12.4 11.9 11.0 5 linolinis mJava 18:3 3.5 2,9 2,2 sul najeri 95.1 91,8 86,0

Txilis SemadgenlobaSi Semavali cximovani mJavebidan warmodgenilia oTxi

18 naxSirbadiani cximovani mJava erTi najeri kerZos stearinis (18:0) sami ki ujeri oleinis (erTi ormagi kavSiriT 18:1) linolis (ori ormagi kavSiriT 18:2) da li-nolinis (sami ormagi kavSiriT 18:3, Senaxvidan pirveli sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi na-jeri cximovani mJavebis raodenoba gaizarda 3,3 %-iT, Tormeti Tvis Semdeg 5,8 %-iT, ramac jamSi Seadgina 9,1 %, (cxr #2) Sesabamisad Semcirda ujeri cximovani mJavebis raodenoba, ZiriTadad stearinis mJavis raodenoba oleinis mJavis xarjze, (zogadad rac ufro axloa ormagi kavSiri mJavaSi karboqsilis jgufTan miT ufro advilad aRdgeba igi) SeiniSna mJavuri ricxvis zrdac 0,22% dan wlis bolos 0,57%-mde, rac normis farglebSia radgan, standartis Tanaxmad Txilis mJavuri ricxvi unda iyos a.u. 1%-sa.

Senaxvis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi TxilSi aflatoqsinis arseboba ar iqna aRmoCenili. Aaseve srulad iqna SenarCunebuli vitaminebis da mikroelemente-bis Semcvelobis is unikaluri balansi, riTac aseve ganpirobebulia Txilis maRali kvebiTi Rirebuleba.


1. a.CavleiSvili. soflis meurneobis produqtTa Senaxvis da gadamuSavebis

teqnologia Tbilisi 1988 gv. 508 2. Хранение плодов / Пер. с нем. И.М. Спичкина, под ред. Ульянова А.М. - М.: Колос, 1984. -

367 с. 3. T S 3075 TSE Decorticated Hazelnut (TSE=Turkish Institute for Standardt) 4. http://www.hazelnut2008.it

Изменение химического состава плода фундука в период хранения.

М. Миротадзе - Государственный Аграрный Университет Резюме: В статье рассмотрены вопросы изменения химического состава плода фундука как

объекта хранения. Выявлены те факторы, которые в период хранения максимально сохраняют качества плода с минимальными потерями химического состава.

Change of a chemical compound of a fruit of a filbert in storage

. M. Mirotadze The state agrarian university

Summary: In article questions of change of a chemical compound of a fruit of a filbert as object stor-

ages are considered. Those factors which in storage as much as possible keep qualities of a fruit with the minimum losses of a chemical compound are revealed.

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Txilis gavrcelebis agroekologiuri zonebis daxasiaTeba

i. vasaZe _ saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori. n. mirotaZe, v. gogitiZe _ soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa doqtorebi.

reziume: saqarTveloSi bunebrivi pirobebis mkveTri cvalebadoba qmnis ama Tu im

kulturis gavrcelebis Sesabamis zonas. dasavleT saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi, sadac teniani subtropikuli kliamtia Txilis kultura samrewvelo mniSvnelobiT vrceldeba.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos calkeuli zonebi gansakuTrebiT Sida kaxeTis gaRma mxare, romelic bunebrivi pirobebiT uaxlovdeba dasavleT saqarTvelos. rekomendirebuli agro-teqnikuri samuSaoebis gatarebiT gazrdis Txilis sawarmoo gavrcelebis areals. bune-brivi resursebis racionaluri gamoyenebiT unda moxdes mosavlianobis zrda da xarisxo-brivi maCveneblebis SenarCuneba.

bunebrivi pirobebis cvalebadoba qmnis ama Tu im kulturis gavrcelebis

Sesabamis zonas: Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis tenian subtropikul zonaSi, romelic moicavs

aWaris, guriis, imereTis, samegrelos da afxazeTis raionebs; gavrcelebis SesaZleblobis mixedviT dominirebs notio subtropikuli havis moyvaruli abori-genuli Txilis kultura.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Savi zRvidan meti daSorebis gamo, hava SedarebiT kontinenturia. naleqebis wliuri raodenoba mniSvnelovnad mcirea da hava Se-darebiT mSrali;

Txilis kulturis biologiuri Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare normaluri yvaviloba damokidebulia zamTris periodis temperaturul pirobebze, mosavli-anoba ki savegetacio periodSi niadagis da haeris tenianobis reJimze, romelsac umTavresad atmosferuli naleqebis raodenoba ganapirobebs.

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Txilis gavrcelebisaTvis xelsayrelia calkeuli zonebi, gansakuTrebiT Sida kaxeTis gaRma mxare, romelic agroklimaturi max-asiaTeblebi uaxlovdeba dasavleT saqarTvelos Txilis gavrcelebis zonebis monacemebs.

Txilis warmoebis zonebi SeiZleba SeirCes Siga kaxeTis gamoRma mxareSi, gare kaxeTis Crdilo dasavleTiT, qvemo qarTlis dasavleT da Sida qarTlis mTiswina nawilSi, sadac saTanado agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebis gatarebiT gafar-Tovdeba Txilis sawarmoo gavrcelebis areali;

agroklimaturi zonebis mixedviT zamTris temperaturuli pirobebis gansxvaveba sxvadasxva periodis yvavilobis jiSebis gaadgilebas moiTxovs, savegetacio periodSi siTbos raodenoba Txilis jiSebis gavrcelebis sazRvrebs, xolo naleqebis raodenoba weliwadis droebis mixedviT baRebis morwyvis normebs da vadebs ganapirobebs.

aWara-guriis SavizRvispireTis zoli, romelic zRvis donidan 200 m. simaR-lemde mdebareobs, xasiaTdeba erTgvarovani agroklimaturi maCveneblebiT.

aWara-guriis vake uxvi atmosferuli naleqebiT xasiaTdeba, haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura dablob nawilSi 13-14,50C, aqtiur temperaturaTa jami 3850-4450 gradusis farglebSi icvleba; ianvris saSualo temperatura mTel aWara-guriis vakeze, mTiswinebis CaTvliT 4-70C-is sazRvrebSi icvleba; aRniSnuli pi-robebi xelsayrelia yvavilobis normaluri mimdinareobisaTvis; aWaris teritori-aze atmosferuli naleqebis wliuri raodenoba 2600-3200 m-s udris, savegetacio periodSi 52-56% modis. haeris SefardebiTi tenianoba 74-82%-is farglebSia.

aWara-guriis vakeze, Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi ZiriTadad eweri da aluvi-uri tipis niadagebia, sanapiros dadablebul zolSi ki daWaobebuli, aRmosav-

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leTiT SemaRlebul nawilSi wiTelmiwa niadagebi, borcvebis damrec ferdobebze ki mcire sisqis gaewrebuli wiTelmiwebi.

aWara-guriis mTiswina da mTiani mxare mdebareobs zRvis donidan 200 metrze zeviT, sadac qedebis ferdobebi mimarTulia dasavleTis, samxreT-dasavleTis da Crdilo-dasavleTisaken. haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 200-1500 m. simaRlis farglebSi 14-dan 6,5 gradusamde mcirdeba; ferdobis daxris mimarTulebis mixed-viT SeiZleba SeirCes mikrozonebi, sadac SesaZlebelia Txilis saadreo jiSebis gavrceleba; naleqebis saerTo raodenoba 3200-1600 mm. farglebSia; savegetacio pe-riodSi modis 800 mm-ze meti.

aWara-guriis mTiswinebsa da mTianeTis niadagebi mravalferovania, ZiriTadad gvxvdeba tyis yomrali da gaewrebuli niadagebi, romlebic cvlian wiTelmiwa niadagebs; maRalmTian zolSi ki tyis yomrali da gaewrebuli niadagebi icvleba mTa-mdelos kordian-torfiani niadagebiT. md. sufsis xeobaSi aluviuri ukarbon-ato, Tixnari da qviSnari niadagebia.

kolxeTis dablobi dasavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze dabali adgilia, romel-sac md. rioni or nawilad yofs; dablobi moicavs aWaris, guriis, imereTis, same-grelos da afxazeTis teritoriebis dablob nawils, sadac gaerTianebulia zRvis donidan 200 metr simaRlemde arsebuli farTobebi.

kolxeTis dablobze wlis yvela sezonSi Tbili, Savi zRvidan monaberi no-tio haeris masebis zegavleniT. hava notio subtropikulia, Tbili zamTaria da cxeli, SedarebiT mSrali zafxuliT.

aRniSnul zolSi haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura 12,5-14,5 gradusis far-glebSia. yvelaze civi Tvis saSualo wliuri temperatura 3,5-60C, atmosferuli naleqebi 1400-2000 mm-mdea, naleqebis wliuri raodenobidan 40-55% savegetacio pe-riodSi modis.

kolxeTis dablobi gamoirCeva haeris maRali SefardebiTi tenianobiT, rac xelsayrelia siTbos da tenis moyvaruli Txilis kulturisaTvis; samgreloSi haeris SefardebiTi tenianoba 75-84%-s aRwevs, imereTSi 72-77%, guria-aWaraSi ki 79-83%-s.

kolxeTis dablobze md. rionis xeobis dinebis gaswvriv damaxasiaTebelia Zlieri qarebis zemoqmedeba, romlebiT gansakuTrebiT sazianoa yvavilobis pe-riodSi. amitom aucilebelia qarsafari zolebis gaSeneba qaris qrolvis, siZlieris da intensivobis gaTavliswinebiT. dablobis sanapiro zolSi gavrcele-bulia wiTelmiwa gaewerebuli niadagebi, romelic esazRvreba aluviur, Waobian da yviTelmiwa-yomral niadagebs.

mdinare rionis marjvena mxares kerZod, imereTSi, uxvi naleqebis miuxedavad zafxulSi adgili aqvs gvalvasac. rac uaryofiTad moqmedebs mosavlianobaze, am SemTxvevaSi saWiroa baRis morwyva.

Sida qarTlis dablobze hava zomierad Tbili stepuridan zomierad notioze gardamavalia, simaRlis matebiT hava zomierad notio xdeba. zomierad civi zam-TriTa da xangrZlivi Tbili zafxuliT.

haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura Sida qarTlis dasavleT nawilSi zRvis donidan 600-1500 m. siamRlemde 10,5-4,5 graduss Soris icvleba. ianvris saSualo temperatura ki _ 0,5-2,0 gradusia. gazafxulis sagviano wayinvebi aprilis meore naxevarSi wydeba; naleqebis wliuri jami 900 mm-ze metia. xolo savegetacio pe-riodSi 600 mm-s udris. haeris SefardebiTi sinotive 75%-s Seadgens.

aRniSnuli maCveneblebi xelsayrel reJims qmnis Txilis normaluri zrda-ganviTarebisaTvis. zRvis donidan simaRlis mixedviT morwyvis jeradoba da-mokidebulia gvalviani periodis xangrZlivobaze.

zonaSi gabatonebulia Crdilo-dasavleTisa da misi sawinaaRmdego samxreT-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebis qarebi. qarebs saSualo wliuri siCqare da Zlier qarian dReTa ricxvi zonaSi sakmaod didia. qaris zegavlenis mixedviT zona I kategorias miekuTvneba, amitom ZiriTadi qarsafari 5-8 rigiani, xolo damatebiTi 2 rigiani unda iyos.

Sida qarTlis niadaguri safari mravalferovania. gvxvdeba aluviuri tipis, aseve yavisferi da renZino-yavisferi, mTa-tye mdelos da torfiani niadagebi. zonaSi didi farTobi uWiravs yomral da renZino-yomral niadags.

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kaxeTi xasiaTdeba zomierad notio haviT, zomierad civi zamTriTa da cxeli zafxuliT. haeris saSualo wliuri temperatura da siTbos jami md. alaznis marcxena mxares SedarebiT naklebia vidre marjvena mxareSi.

aqtiuri siTbos jami gaRma mxareSi, Txilis SesaZlo gavrcelebis sazRvrebSi 4200-18000-is farglebSia. naleqebis wliuri jami 1200 mm –s Warbobs. naleqebis saerTo raodenobidan 68-70% savegetacio periodSi modis.

Txilis mosavlis misaRebad saWiroa haerisa da niadagis saTanado tenianoba. haeris saSualo wliuri SefardebiTi tenianoba zonis umetes nawilSi 72-74% far-glebSia. zonaSi gavrcelebulia tyis yomrali da gaewerebuli tyis yomrali niadagebi, mTiswinebis zolSi gvxvdeba tyis yavisferi niadagebi, romelic ga-moirCeva humusiani gardamavali horizontebis 30-40 sm sisqiT da 6-7%-iani Sem-cvelobiT. mdinare alaznis marjvena sanapiros samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi mdelos yavisferi damlaSebuli da Savmiwa niadagebia gavrcelebuli;

Txilis kulturis gavrcelebis arealisa da mosavlianobis maCveneblis zrda, bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri gamoyenebiT unda moxdes.

aRsaniSavia, rom Txilis kulturis zrda-ganviTarebaze havas um-niSvnelovanesi gavlena aqvs. Txilis farTobebis gazrda rekomendirebulia am kulturis gavrcelebis istoriul-tradiciul raionebSi arsebuli xelsayreli klimaturi zonebisa da mikrozonebis gamovlenis xarjze. samrewvelod da-raionebuli jiSebis biologiuri Taviseburebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

literatura: 1. v. gogitiZe, n. mirotaZe. Txilis agroklimaturi zonebi saqarTveloSi,

Tbilisi, 2003 2. m. korZaxia. saqarTvelos hava. Tbilisi, 1961 3. k. kelenjeriZe. saqarTvelos mexileobis zonebis klimati. saqarTvelos

mexileoba, t. II, Tbilisi, 1970. 4.

Характеристика агротехнических зон распространения фундука.

Ю. Васадзе, Н. Миротадзе, В. Гогитидзе – НИИ СВ и В

Резюме: Резкое изменение природных условий Грузии создает распространение той или иной

культуры в соответствующей зоне. В черноземной зоне Западной Грузии, влажный субтропический климат способствует распространению производственной культуры фундука. В отдельных зонах Восточной Грузии, в основных районах внутренней Кахетии, левого побережья реки Алазани, где природные условия близки к Западной Грузии с применением рекомендуемых агромероприятий увеличит ареал производства фундука. Рациональное использование природных условий Грузии способствует увеличению урожайности и его качественных показателей.

The characteristic of agrotechnical zones of distribution of a filbert

I Vasadze V. Gogitidze, N. Mirotadze

Summery: sharp change of an environment of Georgia creates distribution of this or that culture to a corresponding zone. In black earth zone of the western Georgia, the damp subtrophic climate

promotes distribution of industrial culture of filbert. In separate zones of east Georgia, in the basic areas internal ,,Kakheti’’, the left coast of the river Alazani, where an environment is close to the western Georgia with application of recommended agroactions will increase an area of manufacture of a filbert. Rational use of an environment of Georgia promotes increase in productivity and his quality indicators

48

pesticidebis gamoyeneba kakalis, Txilis da nuSis mavnebel-daavadebebis winaaRmdeg

l. cxvedaZe, n.SalamberiZe – akademiuri doqtorebi. g. tatinaSvili - laboranti mebaReobis, mevenaxeobisa da meRvineobis instituti. reziume: naSromSi mocemulia kakalze, nuSze da Txilze gavrcelebul ZiriTad mav-

nebel-daavadebebis daxasiaTeba. Ggrantis #276 Sesrulebis dros skris (kakali, nuSi) da vaWevis (Txili) skonsultacio centrebSi gegmiT gaSenebul baRebSi mavnebel-daavadebis winaaRmdeg Catarebuli iqna integrirebuli brZolis RonisZiebebi, ramac minimumde daiy-vana mcenareze maT mier miyenebuli dazianebebi.

kaklovani kulturebis (kakali, nuSi, Txili) farTod danergvas sxva

mizezebTan erTad Zlier aferxebs mavnebel-daavadebani. isini sxvadasxva siZlieriT azianeben foTlebs, totebsa da nayofebs, xolo zogjer mTeli mce-naris xmobasac iwvevs.

grantiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaoebi am mxriv iTvaliswinebda, rogorc mavnebel-daavadebaTa gamovlineba-Seswavlas, aseve maTTan brZolis RonisZiebebis dazustebas. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT 2009-2010w. goris (skra) da zestafonis (vaWevi) sacdel sakonsultacio centrebSi gamoyofil nakveTebze, sadac gaSe-nebuli iqna kaklis, nuSisa (skra) da Txilis (vaWevi) baRebi, Catarda grantis geg-miT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis Seswavla. amasTan dakavSirebiT gaSenebul sacdel baRebSi Semodgoma – gazafxulze Catarda Semdegi agroteqnikuri Ron-isZiebebi: damuSavda niadagi, Catarda kultivacia da mcenaris movliTi samuSaoebi, aseve mavnebel-daavadebebTan mimarTebaSi Seswavlili iqna maTi warmoSobis mizezebi da dazustebuli iqna brZolis efeqturi RonisZiebani, sadac gamo-yenebuli iqna Tanamedrove pesticidebi.

viZleviT Cvens mier gamovlinebuli mavnebel-daavadebebis zogadi daxasiaTe-bas:

kakalze: kaklis foTlebis mura laqianoba (Marsonia juglandis) misi gavr-celeba aRiniSna, rogorc sadedeSi ise sanergeSi. Mmura laqianobis gamomwvevi soko aavadebs kaklis yvela mwvane organos: foTlebs, axalgazrda ylortebs da jer kidev Semousvlel nayofebs. Ddaavadebis pirveli niSnebis gamoCena aRiniSna maisis bolos ivnisis dasawyisSi wvrili momrgvalo-monacrisfro laqebis saxiT, mura feris arSiiT. SemdgomSi laqebi izrdeba, muqdeba, xmeba da naadrevad cviva, zogjer ki gamxmari rCeba xeze gazafxulamde, rac warmoadgens infeqciis wyaros. Yylortebze laqebi mogrZo yavisferia, Zlieri dazianebis SemTxvevaSi ylorti gaxmobas iwvevs da xe mTlianad SiSvldeba. daavadeba gansakuTrebiT saSiSia sad-edeSi.

Kkaklis bugri (Chromaphis juglandicola Kait) aRiniSna rogorc sadedeSi ise sanergeSi. azianebs foTlebs, cxovrobs foTlis qveda mxareze gafantul kolo-niebad, umTavresad ki mTavari ZarRvis gaswvriv.Dbugrebis qlorofilis wuwnis Sedegad foTlebi yviTldeba, xmeba da cviva. frTiani bugrebis gamoCena, ZiriTa-dad maisis pirvel naxevarSi aRiniSna. zafxulSi partenogenezurad mravldeba. seqtemberSi aRiniSna gamogenezuri Taobis gamoCena, romelic debs mozamTre ga-nayofierebul kvercxebs. wlis ganmavlobaSi viTardeba bugris 10-12 Taobas.

nuSze:^ sokovani daavadeba - klasterosporiozi (Clasterosporium carpophilum). am davaddebiT avaddeba mcenaris yvela organo: foTlebi, nayofebi da totebi. daavadebis pirveli niSnebi gazafxulze vlindeba. foTlebze Cndeba patara mrgvali, yavisferi laqebi, romlis zoma xSirad 3-5 mm aRwevs. foTlis qsovilSi SeWrili miceliumi klavs Semxeb qsovilebs, romlebic SemdegSi xmeba, kavSirs wy-vets foTlis firfitis saR qsovilebTan da advilad gamovardeba firfitidan.

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sabolood laqis adgilas mrgvali naxvreti Cndeba. am stadiaSi foTlis fir-fitas dafacxavebuls uwodeben. rac Seexeba foTlis yunwebs da totebs, maTze gaCenili laqebi mogrZoa da Zlieri ganviTarebis dros totebze patara bzarebs aCens da lorwos anu kamedis (webos) denas iwvevs.

aRmosavluri nayofWamiis (GGrafholitha molesta Buss.) matli azianebs nuSis axalgazrda ylortebs da nayofebs.

nayofWamia zamTars atarebs ukanaskneli asakis matlis fazaSi, risTvisac is winaswar “qsovs” specialur parks, TviT misi mkvebavi mcenaris Rerosa da dedatotebis gamxmari qerqis qveS, niadagis zeda fenaSi 40-50 sm-ze fesvis yelTan da sxva TavSesafrebSi. zamTris mosvenebis periodSi, araxelsayreli temperaturuli reJimis dros (-5, -100C), iRupeba mavneblis 30-35%-i. gazafxulze (aprili – maisi), rodesac haeris dReRamuri temperatura 9-100C miaRwevs, iwyeba gamozamTrebuli matlis Wuprebidan peplebis gamofrena da kvercxebis deba foTlebsa da axalgazrda ylortebze. dRis ganmavlobaSi peplebi mofarebul adgilebs irCeven da mzis Casvlis Semdeg iwyeben aqtiur frenas da meore-mesame dRes mamrebTan SeuRlebis Semdeg kvercxdebas. misi kvercxis produqcia 50-150 calis farglebSia. embrionis ganviTareba garemo pirobebis mixedviT meryeobs 3-dan 10 dRemde, matlisa- erTidan sam kviramde. Wuprobis fazis xangrZlivoba sxvadasxvaa Taobebis mixedviT meryeobs 10-17 dRis farglebSi. saerTod, aRmosavluri nayofWamiis xelsayreli pirobebia: haeris temperatura 25-270C da 55-65% tenianoba. gamoCekili matli iWreba nuSis axalgazrda mwvane ylortSi da misi gulis gamoRrRniT ylortSi warmoSobs sakmaod grZel xvrels. rodesac matli aRwevs gaxevebul nawils is gamodis gareT da iWreba sxva ylortSi. dazianebuli ylorti iwyebs xmobas, gadaikeceba da dabla eSveba. dazianebul adgilebSi ylorti gamoyofs fiss. nuSis vegetaciis periodSi ylortebis dazianeba sakmaod TvalsaCinoa. weliwadSi iZleva 4-5 Taobas.

dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom aRmosavluri nayofWamia mTeli vegetaciis ganmavlobaSi nuSze avlens mavneobas da mis TaobaTa Soris biologiuri ciklis gavlaSi intervali ar arsebobs, an iseTi pataraa, rom SeumCnevelia da morigi Taobis warmoqmnasTan perioduli sazRvari ar gamoiyofa. axalgazrda ylortebis Zlier dazianebis SemTxvevaSi (70-80%) nuSis mcenareze viTardeba bevri axali ylorti, TviT mcenare simaRleSi ar izrdeba da Rebulobs buCqisebr formas.

Txilze: sokovani daavadeba – nacari (Phyllactinia corylea pers.) aRiniSna, rogorc sanergeSi, aseve sadedeSi zafxulis meore naxevridan gvian Semodgomamde. foTlis qveda mxareze viTardeba monacrisfro fifqi, dazianebuli foTlebi yviTldeba da naadrevad cviva. soko zamTrobs Camocvenil foTlebSi kleistokarpiumis - Savi sxeulis saxiT.

Txilis kvirtis tkipa (Eriophyes avellaenae Nal) – ZiriTadad aRiniSna sadedeebSi, erTeulis saxiT sanergeSi. tkipa Zlier azianebs generaciul mdedrobiT da safoTle kvirtebis qsovilis zedapirs, iSviaTad mWada yvavileds. wuwnis Sedegad kvirtis Sida mxridan warmoiqmneba galis msgavsi Rududoebi. Kkvirtebi ganicdian deformacias da gafurCqnul yvavils mogvagonebs. maTi norma saRTan SedarebiT moculobaSi 6-7 jer, zogjer metjerac ki matulobs. D

Ddazianebuli, deformirebuli kvirtebi kargaven nayofis ganviTarebis unars, ris Sedegad mosavali sagrZnoblad klebulobs. zafxulis dadgomisTanave, ivnisSi, sayvavile kvirtebi xmeba da cviva. tkipebis migracia Zveli kvirtebidan iwyeba aprilSi. xolo intensiurad mimdinareobs maisis TveSi. zustad am dros unda Catardes akaricidebiT brZola tkipebis winaaRmdeg.

skris sakonsultacio centris nuSis nergebze aRmosavluri nayofWamiis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli iqna: adre gazafxulzeA matlebis mier dazianebuli, gamxmari ylortebis moWra, Segroveba da dawva. aseve rigTaSorisebSi niadagis moxvna da xeebis orgvliv Semobarva. daavadebebis mozamTre stadiebis winaaRmdeg adre gazafxulze kvirtebis dabervisas gamoyenebuli iqna 3 %-iani bordouli siTxe.

mavneblebis mozamTre fazebis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli iqna mineraluri zeTebis preparat #30-is 3%-iani emulsiis xsnari. igi efeqturia ara marto aRmosavluri nayofWamiis winaaRmdeg, aramed saerTod mavneblebis mozamTre fazebis (foTolxvevebis, bugrebis, CrCilebis da a.S.) mimarT.

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kaklis foTlebis mura laqianobis da bugrebis winaaRmdeg, rogorc sadedeSi ise sanergeSi maisis meore dekadaSi daavadebebis pirveli niSnebis gamoCenisTanave (foTlebze wvrili momrgvalo - monacrisfro laqebi, mura feris arSiiT) Catarda ori kombinirebuli wamloba kuproqsatiT (5l 1 ha-ze) da komfidoriT (100 gr 1 ha-ze)12 dRis intervaliT.

nuSis klasterosporiozis winaaRmdeg Catarda pirveli wamloba kvirtebis dabervis periodSi 3% bordouli siTxiT. Semdeg nuSis vegetaciis periodSi klasterosporiozisa da aRmosavluri nayofWamiis winaaRmdeg Catarda sami kom-binirebuli wamloba kuproqsatiT(5l 1 ha-ze) da decis-profiT(100 gr 1 ha-ze) mce-naris ganviTarebis Semdeg fazebSi:

I - dayvavilebisTanave II - III – dayvavilebidan oro kviris Semdeg 14 dRis intervaliT. vaWevis sacdel sadguris Txilis nargaobaze vaWevis sakonsultacio centris Txilis nargaobaSi mosvenebis periodSi

(aprili-marti) mozamTre stadiaSi myofi tkipebis winaaRmdeg saWiroa dazianebuli da deformirebuli kvirtebis Secla da dawva.

Txilis vegetacii dros kvirtis tkipas migraciis periodis dawyebisTanave aprilis bolos Catarda ori Sesxureba masaiTiT 15 dRis intervaliT. ivlisis TveSi ki foTlebze nacris pirveli simptomebis gamoCenisTanave kvirtis tkipas da nacris winaaRmde Catarda kombinirebuli wamloba neoroniT da topaziT, Semdeg ki kide ori wamloba nacris winaaRmdeg 15 dRis intervaliT.

Ddaskvna: Catarebuli efeqturi RonisZiebebis Sedegad skris da vaWevis sacdel kaklis, nuSisa da Txilis baRebSi mavneblebiT (bugrebi, armosavluri nayofWamia, kvirtis tkipa) dazianeba sakontrolosTan (Seusxurebeli mcenareebi) SedarebiT Semcirda 60-80%-iT, xolo daavadebebi (mura laqianoba, klastero-sporiozi, nacari) 40-50%-iT.


1. n. miqaZe, n.Sengelia – nuSis klasterosporiozi da mis winaaRmdeg brZola. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis “moambe”. t.14. Tbi-lisi. 2005.

2. e. tyeSelaSvili, n. mirotaZe – Txilis kultura da misi mavneblebis Ses-wavlis Sedegebi saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecniere-baTa akademiis “moambe”. t.14. Tbilisi. 2005.

Испытание эффективных пестицидов против вредителей и болезней орехоплодных культур

Л. Цхведадзе, Н. Шаламберидзе, Г. Татинашвили

НИИСВ и В

Резюме: В статье приведена характеристика основных вредителей и болезней

распространенных на грецком орехе, миндале и фундуке. Даны результаты испытаний эффективных пестицидов против них в садах Скрийской и Вачевской опытных участков.

Pest and Diseases Control of Wainut, Hazeinut and Almond

L. Tskhvedadze, N. Shalamberidze, G.Tatinashvili

Summary: The work is described the effection methods control of pest and diseases different part of

plants: leafs, shoots and roots. Demonstrates the result of the application sprein of pesticide of Wainut, Hazeinut and Almond in garden yards.

Documents

kaklovani kulturebis (kakali, Txili, nuSi) perspeqiuli ...dspace.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/8519/1/Jishebis_Nergis_Warmoe… · 2 samecniero grantis proeqtis `kaklovani kulturebis