Misc. Enterics and Gram- bacteria

KlebsiellaK. pneumoniae is most common pathogen

Pneumonia (nosocomial) or UTI (makes urease)

Often associated with patient intubation

Uses type 1 and type 3 (MRK) fimbriae

Environmental organism

Associated with plant roots, fixes nitrogen

SerratiaS. marcescens is most common human pathogen

Opportunistic pathogen

Death knell of nosocomial pneumonia

Produces proteases that degrade host tissue

Hydrophobic cell surface adheres to medical plastics

Causes corneal ulcers in contact wearers

Often produces pink/orange pigment called prodigin

Type 1 and type 3 fimbriae probably evolved from common Serratia fimbriae

ProteusP. mirabilis is most common pathogen

Primarily urinary tract infections

Proteus swarms-highly mobileIf you inoculate small point on agar plate

proteus will swim out to form a large ring

Very strong urease producer-renal calculi

Campylobacter Gram - bacterium grows at 42°C in High CO2, low oxygen

C. jejuni is most common human pathogen-gastroenteritis, bloody diarrhea can last for 1 week

Causes tissue damage in jejunum

Virulence factors include LPS, adhesins and flagella catalase and oxidase

Can spread, but is self-limiting

C. fetus expresses S protein that prevents complement activity and phagocytosis

Disseminates to blood and other systems readily

Immunocompromised patients are most affected

HelicobacterGram - spiral -motile by spiral motility-humans are

reservoir

H. pylori is the most significant-causes gastric ulcers

Acquired throughout life-more frequent in adults than children

Urease is very important-allows localized pH change

Penetrates mucosal cells into epithelium

Tissue damage is caused by LPS, urease products, and a cytotoxin that damages epithelium

Highly successful treatment with antibiotics