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English.

The focus of the English curriculum in the primary years in thePhilippines revolves on the four macroskills:

Listening, speaking, reading, and writing.The outcome is the application of language and understanding oflinguistic structures.There is emphasis on speaking and reading where grammar is focused on the

speakingcomponent. The teaching of grammar follows a conventional sequence. The weak part of the

curriculum is the lack of specification in the kind of text and selections provided.

There is no specification on how the English su!ect is connected to other su!ectareas.The focus of the English

curriculum in the secondary years "#$ expands thelanguage macroskills to interpret and understand a range ofmeanings and in relation tothe types of literature, and "%$ achieve communicative competence. &ontent'

 asedteaching and &ognitive (cademic Language Proficiency were used as foundation of thecurriculum. The

sequence is also within the frame of the language macroskills and withthe addition of literature. )ome topics like

education for life, !ustice, sustainaledevelopment and gloal citi*enship needs to e rationali*ed how they connectto themacroskills. The process of listening and speaking ecomes more complex from year +to #. -eading skills

are limited to asic scanning, skimming, and reading for detail. Thewriting is descried in terms of using macro'discourse patterns/ where students are expected to develop ways of improving text construction and making textscohesive.There is understanding and appreciation of local to gloal forms of literature. Theappreciation of literature

is connected with the values of the society.The main focus in English in the %# )econdary Education

&urriculum is functional literacy for all. 0t specified concepts in language teaching such as prolem,task, andcompetency'ased learning, the use of text analysis, and text', context' andgenre'ased approaches to reading

literature and literary appreciation. The frameworkexplains that language is learned in a constructivist approach "y

using it$. Thecurriculum is organi*ed using the 1nderstanding y 2esign. The curriculum runs in aspiral formwhere each literary genre is revisited each year. The language focus isdrawn up from the literary content. The

assessment tasks are specified y using ascoring ruric.0n 3runei 2arussalam, education is currently ased on a i'

lingual approach.The Education (ct "#456$ policy in this country gave importance to oth English and7alay. The

effective use of English is important for students to gain access andsucceed in colleges and universities aroad andfor gloali*ation in the areas of international usiness, economic, and political arenas. English is taught starting at

theprimary years and the su!ects 8eography, 7athematics, and )cience are taught in English. (ccording to

3urns and &harleston "#44+, p. %$ that there is concern amongmemers of the education community that thetransfer from 7alay medium to Englishmedium in ma!or curriculum su!ects for nine'year'olds with a limited

knowledge of, andprior exposure to English is hindering the progress of students. 7any students appear to e

having prolems in the primary years for coping with the level of English requiredand the readaility level of thetexts used may e too high./

 The English su!ect in 7alaysia is part of communications. The thrust for communication emphasi*es the

 process of integrating linguistic skills for communicationpurposes which focuses on literacy. The education

ministry drew up new approaches of teaching English to raise standards even if other su!ects, such asmathematics andscience, are taught in 3ahasa. The English curriculum involves the language art andgrammar

components with focus on fun learning as well as the aility to converse instandard English. The curriculum alsoemphasi*es on pronunciation and phonics.0n )ingapore, English is part of the core su!ects in oth primary and

secondaryeducation. The English together with the mother tongue and mathematics are taught at the appropriate

level according to the aility of the student in the primary years. (ccording to the English languagesyllaus, the English language curriculum in schoolwill help pupils ecome independent lifelong

learners, and creative thinkers andprolem solvers who can communicate effectively in English. (t the end of their 

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 primaryand secondary education, pupils will e ale to communicate effectively in English. Thesyllaus indicated

the philosophy of language such as a system for making meaning,means of communication and expression,

determined y purpose, audience, contextand culture, grammar and linguistic structures and patterns. The syllausis impressivein their inclusion of language learning and teaching such as learner'centeredness,process orientation,

integration, contextuali*ation, spiral progression, and interactionwhich is not present in the syllaus in the

Philippines.English is taught among students in Thailand as indicated in the 9ationalEducation (ct. There arechanges in the teaching and learning of English in schools inThailand. English will e a compulsory foreign

language su!ect starting from level # inprimary education " years of age$ in the new curriculum. There are three

o!ectives ineither core or elective English courses. These are knowledge, skills, and positiveattitude towardsEnglish. (ccording to ;iriyachitra "%+, p. <$

knowledge involveshow to use the English language in communication, learning and understanding theculture

of native speakers, knowing the differences etween Thai and the Englishlanguage, eing ale to use English togain information in other su!ects, eing ale touse English to do lifelong learning, to find pleasure and to use it in

their work. )killinvolves communication strategies, thinking skills, critical and creative thinking, self'evaluation,

learning skills, knowledge seeking skills, technology skills and how to workwith others. ( positive attitudeincludes appreciating the English language and its culture./

 English is taught as a foreign language in =ietnam. English is taught as acompulsory su!ect from year untilsecondary education. The teaching of grammar isa very significant part of their English curriculum.

The mother tongue can e used toteach English to a reasonale extent. The grammar syllaus within thecurriculumdocument follows traditional English as an E>L sequence.English in secondary education in 9);

(ustralia is taught in various textualforms. The syllaus identifies essential skills, knowledge and understanding,

values,and attitudes essential in learning English. The curriculum focuses on ?responding to‟and ?composing‟ a

wide range of texts, including media and multimedia texts. The English language is learned through immersion ina diverse range of purposeful andincreasingly demanding language experiences. 0n the senior secondary level,

theEnglish su!ect advances to enale students understand, use, en!oy, and value theEnglish language in its various

textual forms and to ecome thoughtful, imaginative, andeffective communicators in a diverse and changingsociety.