JUSTICE AND PEACE EDUCATION
Center for Peace EducationMiriam College
Center for Peace Education
MIRIAM COLLEGE
JUSTICE AND PEACE
JUST PEACE
TRADITIONAL CONCEPT OF PEACEAbsence of direct/physicalviolence (both macro and micro)
JUST PEACEPresence of conditions ofwell-being and just relationships: social, economic, political, ecological
Direct Violencee.g., war, torture, child and woman abuse
Structural Violencee.g., poverty, hunger
Socio-cultural Violencee.g., racism, sexism, religious intolerance
Ecological Violencee.g., pollution, overconsumption
VIOLENCE
THREATS TO JUST PEACE
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: ARMED VIOLENCE
250,000 people die each year from armed conflict situations 300,000 die every year
from armed violence in non- conflict situationsThat means, more than 1,500 people in the world die daily from armed violence!
THREATS TO JUST PEACE-More than 40,000 have died in the armed conflict between the government and the Communist Party of the Philippines- a conflict running for more than 48 years now
-The conflict between GPH and Moro armed groups, which started in 1969,has claimed roughly 160,000 lives and has displaced more than 2 million people
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONSThe Philippines is awash in weapons
The Small Arms Survey put civilian firearms holdings in the country at 4.2million
The Philippine National Police (PNP) reported that there are 600,00 unregistered firearms in the country with at least 60 percent of the 1.7 million registered firearms bearing fictitious or questionable data (Coloma, in Manila Times, 2014)
The PNP shared that there are roughly 150 applications for gun licensing processed everyday (Guitterez, www.rappler.com, 2013)
http://www.rappler.com/
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: CRIMINAL VIOLENCE
Murder and Homicide Rate 2012-2014Source: https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PIF%202016.pdf
Rape 4,738 7,409 10,294
2012 2013 2014
Murder 8484 9072 9945
Homicide 3022 6409 5520
Total 11506 15481 15465
DEATH FROM ARMED VIOLENCE
If there were 15465 counts of murder and homicide in 2014, that means 42 people died daily on the average from such crimes
Additionally, 31 people died daily from the drug war from July-Aug 2016 (PDI)
In the 2016 Global Peace Index, Philippines ranked 139th out of 163 countries in terms of peacefulness, one of the lowest in the Asia-Pacifichttps://asiancorrespondent.com/2016/07/2016-global-peace-index-nz-japan-safest-countries-asia-
pacific/
GLOBAL PEACE INDEXASEAN RANKING1. Singapore (#20)
2. Malaysia (#30)
3. Indonesia (#42)
4. Laos (#52)
5. Vietnam (#59)
6. Cambodia (#104)
7. Myanmar (#115)
8. Thailand (#125)
9. Philippines (#139)
Not ranked: Brunei
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: CLAN/TRIBAL WARS
Clan conflicts periodically rock indigenous communities-clan conflicts create patterns of revenge among its members caused by disputes over property, political rivalry, and violation of the family's honor or dignity
DEATH FROM CLAN WARS
The Philippine National Police in ARMM estimated that 5,500 people have died in 'rido'-related cases over the past three decades - equivalent to about 183 deaths per year
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Chart1
4738
7409
10294
Rape Incidents
Sheet1
Rape Incidents
20124738
20137409
201410294
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Thats an average of 28 rape incidents daily in 2014! A study posited that half of rape victims would not file a complaint because of the stigma and the embarrassment of recalling their ordeal to the authorities.
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: POVERTY
925 million people experience hunger every day (FAO)
A child dies from hunger every 6 seconds (WFP)
Philippines: 32.9% of the population are considered poor
In the Philippines, 4.7 million families (26.9%) were poor in 2006 (average poverty line for a family of 5 was determined to be at P6,274/month)
On an individual basis, 32.9% of the population (or 27.6 million Filipinos) were poor
In Tawi-tawi, 8 out of 10 families were considered poor
(PDI, 3/9/08)
Each day, throughout the world, people are killed or hurt because of HATEas they differ from the rest in terms of ethnicity, religion, sex, ideology, gender, and class, among others.
THREATS TO JUST PEACE: HATE
http://www.escmedia.org/campaigns/02-racism/racism6.jpghttp://www.usafricaonline.com/genocide.rwanda11.jpg
How can we make justice and peace the spirit of this century?
CREATING A CULTURE OF JUSTICE AND PEACE
Necessary Elements/DimensionsOperative Values
CULTUREOF J&P
I SocialContinuum
II PoliticalContinuum
III EconomicContinuum
Personal Peace
EnvironmentalProtection &Sustainability
Cessation ofHostilities &
DemilitarizationIntercultural
Understanding &Solidarity
Human Rights&
Democracy
Development & Poverty
Eradication
Spiri
tual
ityD
ialo
gue
Six Dimensions and Operative Values(Adapted from a Presentation of Archbishop Antonio Ledesma)
Building a Culture of Justice &
Peace
BUILDING JUSTICE AND PEACE THROUGH EDUCATION
WHAT WE HOPE TO SEE IN CEAP SCHOOLS IN RELATION TO JUCTIE AND PEACE EDUCATION
Justice and Peace Education as a Pathway to PeaceCEAP chools can consider infusing justice and peace education into their learning content as well as in their processes within and outside the classrooms.
CEAP schools can serve as agents of change through active justice and peace advocacy and solidarity with kindred institutions and groups.
Justice and Peace Education
Justice and Peace Education is education thatcultivates awareness, concern and behaviors thatlead to just and peaceful conditions, structuresand relationships.
Justice and Peace Education is also calledtransformative education because it seekschanges
in peoples mindsets, attitudes, values, andbehaviors that, in the first place, have eithercreated or exacerbated violent conflicts and unjuststructures.
Build Awareness1. Situation/Forms of violence and injustice2. Roots of conflict, violence and injustice3. Alternatives to violence
Build concern1. Empathy and compassion2. Positive vision of the future3. Social responsibility
(Use ideas and lives of peace and justice advocates)
Encourage action1. Personal change-own mindset,
attitudes, behavior/lifestyle2. Social action and advocacy
What is justice and peace education?
WHY TEACH JUSTICE AND PEACE?ETHICAL IMPERATIVE
POLITICAL AND LEGAL OBLIGATION
1. Respect for life
- Respect for the life of each humanbeing and respect for other life forms innature
What are some key themes of justice and peace education?
2. Nonviolence The refusal to harm or kill another
The use of moral appeal, force of love andpositive techniques vs. physical force
The use of nonviolent conflict resolutionmethods, e.g. dialogue, problem-solving approachto negotiation
The use of nonviolent methods to obtain justice,not through the eye for an eye dictum.
3. Oneness of the human family - All humans are brothers and
sisters- All have a common home, planet
Earth, and a common future
4. Human worth and dignity- Respect for human rights andfundamental freedoms
- Fulfillment of basic human needs - Participation in decision-making
5. Tolerance Respect for diversity vs. racism,ethnocentrism, sexism, religiousintolerance Rejection of a sense of superiority andother prejudices
6. Economic equity Support for the equitable distribution ofwealth and resources Mechanisms for globalization & concern
7. Environmental Care and Sustainability
-Action that will ensure the well-being of the earths ecosystems such that it can continue to meet future and present needs
8. Gender Justice- valuing the right of women to enjoy equal opportunities with men and to be free from abuse, exploitation and violence
WHOLE SCHOOL APPROACH: A DEFINITION
Giving attention to the various dimensions/aspects of the school, not limited to curriculum, instruction, etc.
Infusing the desired values consistently into those various aspects
Working together of the
whole school community
toward a common vision
& values Picture credit: www.peacemakers.org.uk
WHY? WHAT IS OUR THEORY OF CHANGE?
A Whole School Approach is an effective way of creating change/transformation
Involves the whole- schools vision, leadership & management, curriculum, student programs, research & school culture, cooperation with the wider community-
& ALL stakeholders, including parents
15 WAYS TO SET THE STAGE" OF JPEINTEGRATION IN YOUR SCHOOLS
POLICY
1. Review school policy: are justice and peace explicitly mentioned in the VMGs?
ADMINISTRATION
2. Is there an office or program that initiates justice and peace education programs and projects?
Center for Peace Education
MIRIAM COLLEGE
3. CHECK HOW JPE CAN BE INTEGRATED IN YOUR CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONPeace Studies Minor under AB International StudiesEducation for
