• Types

of

volcanoes.

• What’s

a

volcano.

• Expect

for more.

1. What is a volcano?

2. Parts of a volcano

3. Types of volcanoes

4. Forms of volcanoes

5. Famous volcanoes

6. What causes an volcanic eruption?

7. What do if a volcano erupt?

8. Types of volcanic eruptions

What is a volcano?

A volcano is a rupture

on the crust of a

planetary-mass object,

such as Earth, that

allows hot lava, volcanic

ash, and gases to escape

from a magma chamber

below the surface

Parts of a volcano

Magma - Molten rock beneath Earth's surface.

Parasitic Cone - A small cone-shaped volcano formed by an

accumulation of volcanic debris.

Sill - A flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens in a

crack in a volcano.

Vent - An opening in Earth's surface through which volcanic

materials escape.

Flank - The side of a volcano.

Lava - Molten rock that erupts from a volcano that solidifies as it cools.

Crater - Mouth of a volcano - surrounds a volcanic vent.

Conduit - An underground passage magma travels through.

Summit - Highest point; apex

Throat - Entrance of a volcano. The part of the conduit that ejects lava and

volcanic ash.

Ash - Fragments of lava or rock smaller than 2 mm in size that are blasted

into the air by volcanic explosions.

Ash Cloud - A cloud of ash formed by volcanic explosions.

Types of volcanoes

There are 3 different types of volcanoes:

Active - eruptions can be anytime and often.

Dormant - has been a while since it has erupted, but could at

anytime.

Extinct, meaning it hasn't erupted in a very long, long time so it

probably won't ever again.

Forms of volcanoes

There are three forms of volcanoes

Shield Volcano - flat

If the magma is runny, the gas can escape easily

and there will not be an explosion. The magma

just comes out of the mountain and flows down the

sides.

Shield volcanoes are shaped like a bowl or shield

in the middle with long gentle slopes made by the

lava flows.

Composite Volcano - tall and thin

If the magma is thick and sticky (like honey), the gas cannot escape, so it

builds up and up until it explodes sending out huge clouds of burning

rock and gas.

Composite volcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many

layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from thick sticky lava, ash and

rock debris (broken pieces).

Composite volcanoes are also known as strato-volcanoes.

Cinder cones

Cinder cones are circular or oval cones built from erupting lava that

breaks into small pieces as it shoots into the air. As small pieces fall back

to the ground, they cool and form cinders around the vent.

Famous volcanoes

10.Cotopaxi, Ecuador

his is one of the most extreme volcanoes in the world. it is found

in the parts of Andes mountain and the Pacific Ring of Fire. So

far over 85 eruptions have been recorded and the volcano

remains active all the time. It was first discovered in 1744 the time

when its first eruption was noticed, followed by the eruptions of

1768 and 1877.

9. Mount Etna, Italy

Mount Etna is one of the tallest active volcanoes of Europe. Its

elevation is 3,229 meters about, and it is situated on the east

coasts of Sicily. It is Decade Volcano, chosen by the United

Nations. It is a clear indication that the volcano remains active all

the time.

8. Popocatépetl, Central Mexico

This volcano is situated in Central Mexico. It is said that

Popocatépetl is 720,000 years old. It is frequently active and its

first eruption was recorded in 1991. The elevation of the volcano

is 5,426 meters.

7. Krakatoa (Krakatau), Indonesia

Krakatoa (also spelled Krakatau) is hundreds of years old, but its

eruption was recorded in 1883 for the first time. This volcano can

be heard in the Indonesian island as well as Australia. During

1883, its eruption destroyed the whole island.

6. Mount Mayon, Philippines

Mount Mayon is known for its symmetrical conical shape (known as Perfect

Cone). This volcano is situated on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It first

erupted on June 23, 1897.

5. Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

Mount Pinatubo is situated in the CabusilanMountains of the island of Luzon. The

last this volcano caused eruption was in 1991 that was so severed that it destroyed a

lot of houses in the surrounding areas. It erupted about 2.4 m3 magma.

4. Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland

Eyjafjallajökull has a tongue twist. It is actually a small ice caps around Iceland.

The world Eyjafjallajökull means ‘Island mountain glacier’ of Icelandic. The height

of the mountain is about 1600 meters, and its crater is 2.5 miles in diameter.

3. Mount Fuji, Japan

Mount Fuji is one of the most famous volcanoes in the world. it is situated Tokyo.

For the last time, its eruption was recorded in January 1708. The height of the

mountain is about 11,000 feet.

2. Mount St. Helens Volcano, Washington

Mount St. Helens Volcano caused a severe eruption in 1980. It is said to be one of

the worst eruptions in the history of USA. Another eruption of the history was

recorded on May 18, 1980, showing 5.1 on the Richter scale.

1. Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

Kilauea Volcano is an extreme volcano of Hawaii. It is lying in the southeast parts

of USA. Much of its part lies underwater. The volcano is surrounded by 4

volcanoes (Mauna Loa being is one of them), which make a complete island when

join together.

Volcanic eruption

What do if a volcano erupt ?

• Evacuate only as recommended by

authorities to stay clear of lava, mud flows,

and flying rocks and debris.

• Avoid river areas and low-lying regions.

• Before you leave the house, change into

long-sleeved shirts and long pants and use

goggles or eyeglasses, not contacts. Wear an

emergency mask or hold a damp cloth over

your face.

• If you are not evacuating, close windows

and doors and block chimneys and other

vents, to prevent ash from coming into the

house.

• Be aware that ash may put excess weight

on your roof and need to be swept away.

Wear protection during cleanups.

• Ash can damage engines and metal parts,

so avoid driving. If you must drive, stay

below 35 miles (56 kilometers) an hour.

•Types of volcanic eruptions

The temperature, composition, viscosity and elements disueltos in the magma are

the factors that determine the type of eruption and the quantity of volatile products

that accompany her.

•Hawaiian: In this type of eruption, the lava, generally it is fluid enough, there do

not happen gaseous explosive detachments; this lava overflows when they exceed

the crater and slip with facility for the hillside of the volcano, forming(training) real

currents that cross big distances. For this reason, the volcanoes of Hawaiian type

are of soft earring(slope). The most famous Hawaiian volcano is the Kilauea.

•Estromboliana or mixed: This type of eruption receives the name of the

Estrómboli, volcano of the islands Eolias (sea Tirreno), to the north of Sicily. It

originates when there is alternation of the materials in eruption, there being

formed(trained) a cone stratified in caps of fluid lava and solid materials. The lava

is fluid, detaches abundant and violent gases with projections of drosses, bombs

and lapilli. Due to the fact that the gases can become detached with facility,

pulverizations or ashes do not take place(are not produced). When the lava

overflows for the edges of the crater, it(he,she) descends for his(her,your) hillsides

and ravines, but it does not reach big extensions as(like) in the eruptions of

Hawaiian type. Vulcaniana: The name of the volcano Vulcano in the islands

Lipari. This eruption is characterized because in her big quantities of gases become

detached, the liberated lava is slightly fluid and is consolidated by rapidity. In this

type of eruption, the explosions are very strong and pulverize the lava, producing

many ash, this one is thrown(launched) to the air accompanied of other

fragmentary materials. When the magma goes out on the outside in the shape of

lava it hardens rapidly, but the gases that become detached break and crack his

surface, volivéndola rough(harsh) and very irregular, formándo lava of type Aa.

The cones of these volcanoes are of very sloping slope.

•Plebian or vesubin: Named this way in honor to Plinio Young, it differs

from the eruption vulcaniana in that in this one the pressure of the gases

Forma ardent clouds that on having cooled, generate rainfalls of ashes,

which can manage to bury cities since(as, like) Vesuvius happened with

Pompeii and Herculano for the activity of the volcano. It is characterized

for alternating eruptions of piroclasto with eruptions of washes lavics,

giving place to an overlapping in strata, which does that this type of

volcanoes reach big dimensions. Other volcanoes of type plebian are the

Teide, the Popocatépetl and el Fujiyama. Peleana: The lava in this

eruption is extremely viscous and is consolidated by great rapidity,

managing to cover completely the crater forming(training) a python or

needle; the enormous pressure of the gases without exit, provokes an

enormous explosion that raises the python, or, destroys the top part of the

hillside. This way it happened on May 8, 1902, when the walls of the

volcano yielded to so enormous push that opened itself a conduit for

which there went out with extraordinary force the gases accumulated to

high temperature and which, mixed with ashes, they formed(trained) an

ardent cloud that it caused 28.000 victims.

•Submarine Eruptions: In the oceanic bed there take place(are

produced) volcanic eruptions which lava can form(train) volcanic islands if

they come to the surface. The eruptions are in the habit of being of short

duration in most cases, due to the isocratic balance of the lava on having

cooled when they enter in touch with the water and also for the marine

erosion. Some islands like the Cícladas in Greece and The Iron in Spain

have this origin.

•Freatomagmáticas or surtseyana:

The volcanoes of type fret-

magmatic are in shallow waters,

present a lake inside his crater and

in occasions they form(train) atolls.

His explosions are extraordinarily

violent since to the own(proper)

energy of the volcano the expansion

of the water steam adds suddenly

warmed. Normally they present

emission(issues) lávicas not even

rock extrusions. Some of the major

phreatic explosions are those of the

Krakatoa, the Kilauea and Surtsey's

Island. Eruptions figureless: They originate

in a long dislocation of the

terrestrial bark, which can be from

scarcely a few meters up to several

kilometers. The lava that flows

along the break is fluid and crosses

big extensions forming(training)

wide plateaus, with 1 or more

kilometers of thickness and

thousands of km ². An example of

volcanism fissure is the plateau of

the Decán in the India

•Avalanches of volcanic origin:

(Armourer) .Hay volcanoes that

generate a high number of victims,

due to the fact that his big craters

are during the period of rest turned

into lakes or cutlery of snow. On

having recovered his activity, the

water mixed with ashes and other

remains, it is thrown(launched)

forming(training) torrents and

avalanches of mud that have an

enormous destructive capacity. An

example of this was the eruption of

Ruiz's Snow-capped mountain in

Colombia, on November 13, 1985.

The Snow-capped mountain of the

Ruiz is an explosive volcano in

which the summit of the crater

(5000msnm) was covered by a cap

of ice; on having promoted the lava

the caps of ice became overheated

and there were formed(trained) a

few washes of mud that invaded the

valley of the river Lagunilla, burying

the city of Armourer, leaving 24000

dead men and dozens of thousands

of injured men.