June 2005.doc.doc

Confidential

June 2005

Handbookfor the Approval of

Schemes of Assessment for the Registration of Overseas qualified Dispensing Opticians and

Optometrists

SECTION 1The General Optical Council (GOC)

1.1 In the interests of the public and for their protection, optometrists and dispensing opticians who practise in the United Kingdom are regulated by the GOC:

[a] to promote and enforce high standards of education, training and conduct and good business practice in optics, so as to ensure an adequate and safe standard of eye care, and

[b] to provide for the accountability of the practitioner providing that eyecare by registration of those suitably qualified as optometrists and dispensing opticians.

1.2 The Opticians Act 1989 provides the legal framework within which the GOC operates (see Appendix 1). The GOC has submitted to the UK Government a number of wide ranging changes to the 1989 Act to modernise the way it regulates the UK optical professions. It is expected that the changes to the Act will be in force by April 2005. Any reference to Sections of the Act in this Handbook will be references to the new text of the Act post April 2005. The reader should bear in mind that the final text of the amended Act is not yet finalised. Therefore the final text should be checked once the legislative changes have been accepted by the UK Government.

1.3 The Act as amended will require the GOC to ensure that a Provider of a Scheme of Assessment has a robust mechanism for ensuring that candidates have reached a suitable level of attainment before they may be admitted to the Scheme.

1.4 In accrediting a Scheme of Assessment the GOC will wish to ensure that appropriate mechanisms for the accreditation

[a] of prior learning are in place; and

[b] of the assessment processes themselves.

This Handbook in context

1.5 This Handbook will guide:

[a] Providers in the design and delivery of their Schemes for the UK Registration of overseas qualified dispensing opticians and optometrists to satisfy Section 8(2) and 8(2A) of the Act;

[b] GOC Visitors in their audit of the Schemes;

[c] Officers of Council in their preparation for visits and for the writing and presentation of formal written reports.

Competency Framework

1.6 The GOC has defined the standards for entry to the Registers of dispensing opticians and optometrists in the form of competency statements. The competency framework is given at Appendix 2. The GOC would need to be satisfied that in a Scheme for the Registration of overseas-qualified opticians/optometrists, an assessment referred to in Section 8(2A) adequately tests each candidate’s achievement of the competencies defined by the GOC.

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SECTION 2 Requirements for entry to an assessment under Section 8(2A) of the Act

2.1 A Provider must satisfy the Council that appropriate mechanisms exist within the Scheme to ensure that candidates to an assessment referred to under Section 8(2A) of the Act:

[a] possess a qualification in optometry or ophthalmic dispensing which is similar to those granted in the United Kingdom under Section 8(1) of the Act. The recommended core curricula for dispensing opticians and optometrists are listed at Appendix 3 and Appendix 4 respectively;

[b] can provide evidence of a right to practise as an optometrist or dispensing optician (as the case may be) in the country of initial qualification;

[c ] have adequate practical experience in optometry and ophthalmic dispensing as practised in the United Kingdom;

[d] have demonstrated their proficiency in the use of the English Language by achieving a score of at least 7 at the academic level in the International English Language Testing System (IELTS). Additionally, no individual sections scores are to be less than 6, except for ‘Speaking’ where the minimum is 7. Test centre contact details (as known at the date of publication of the Handbook) can be found at Appendix 5.

2.2 Scheme Providers must ensue that [a] to [e] above are satisfied for each candidate before a candidate is permitted to sit the examination listed in Section 8(2A) of the Act. It would be expected that a mechanism is in place to ensure that the above is effectively implemented. This would usually be accomplished with a mechanism for the accreditation for prior learning (APL).

Accreditation for Prior Learning (APL)

2.3 The GOC expects that requirements for entry to an assessment under Section 8(2A) of the Act are flexible, and Scheme Providers will be required to have in place robust systems for the accreditation of prior (or experiential) learning (APEL), so that candidates to the examination are fit for that purpose.

2.4 The Provider should show in detail the procedures for such ’assessment of prior learning’, for example through records of achievement documents, portfolios, and clinical records.

Practice-based Learning

2.5 Providers must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the GOC the mechanisms employed in the Scheme to ensure that every candidate presenting for assessment has adequate practical experience in ophthalmic dispensing or optometry as appropriate as practised in the United Kingdom.

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2.6 Providers should ensure that

[a] PBL has been a managed process and has been supervised by an appropriately qualified professional

[b] learning outcomes were set for the PBL prior to the candidate’s commencement of the PBL

[c] the setting of the learning in the PBL is appropriate;

[d] appropriate measures are in place to ensure that the supervisors selected are appropriate for the task;

[e] supervisors have received appropriate induction training;

[f] PBL has been structured to ensure that each candidate is exposed to sufficient numbers of patients presenting with the conditions that he or she will manage in an ophthalmic dispensing or optometric setting (as appropriate) in the UK. In addition, the candidate should be exposed to a range of conditions so as to develop differential diagnostic skills.

Confirmation of eligibility criteria for entry to the form of assessment under Section 8(2A) of the Act.

2.7 Scheme Providers should demonstrate the mechanisms used to satisfactorily demonstrate to the GOC that candidates to the assessment have satisfied the entry criteria defined in Paragraph 2.1 [a] to [e] of this Handbook:

Duration and academic level of training:

[a] It is recognised that candidates to the assessment will possess varying base-line experience, which will reflect the amount of training required to meet the stated learning outcomes. A variety of course delivery methods could be used e.g. face-to-face didactic, distance or e-learning, however the delivery must be appropriate for each of the stated learning outcomes.

For Dispensing Opticians

[b] Training courses should be at academic level 2. And should be at a minimum of the equivalent of 2 years full time study followed by as minimum of 240 days supervised learning in practice (or equivalent part-time study).

For Optometrists,

[c] Training courses should be at academic level 3 and should be at a minimum of the equivalent of 3 years full time study followed by as minimum of 12 months supervised learning in practice (or equivalent part-time study). Learning in Practice should include time spent in the Hospital Eye Service or Specialist General Practice under the supervision of a designated optometrist or registered medical practitioner.

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SECTION 3 - The Assessment

Learning Outcomes to be assessed

3.1 Providers should ensure that they have clearly defined the learning outcomes to be assessed, which should equate closely with the GOC entry standard competences for UK registered dispensing opticians or optometrist (as appropriate).

3.2 Visitors will observe & scrutinise documentary evidence in coming to judgements on

[a] appropriateness of assessment methods to test the learning outcomes;

[b] effectiveness of assessment arrangements

[c] intended and actual trainee achievement

Assessment:

3.3 Providers should demonstrate how the achievement of ALL learning outcomes from ALL GOC competences are assessed, including elements which are weighted for criticality.

3.4 Assessment strategies must be made explicit, in particular the criteria for pass/fail and the details of the marking scheme. Assessment should examine the theory and practice of ophthalmic dispensing or optometry (as appropriate).

Assessment methods

3.5 The Provider should indicate how the chosen methods of assessment are appropriate for the measurement of each learning outcome. This should involve a managed process (formative/summative) with clear criteria for each assessment point with evidence presented to the GOC to indicate how this criterion has been met.

3.6 The learning outcomes should be assessed by a variety of methods to test knowledge, skills and a reflective approach to the continued professional development of ophthalmic dispensing or optometry (as appropriate).

3.7 The assessment mechanisms should be suitable for the competency they are designed to test, and could include: written examinations, Practical assessments; Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE), Visual Identification and Management of Ophthalmological Conditions (VIMOC), or Case Scenarios. It is expected that there will be a viva based on a Portfolio of Practice Evidence seen during the period of clinical training (see Sections 3.8 & 3.9 for Practice Based Learning). This should be performed by two examiners with relevant backgrounds (specifically, dispensing opticians or optometrists), who have been adequately trained and who are registered as dispensing opticians/optometrists in the UK. During the viva examiners are free to ask about the management of conditions not covered in the portfolio, but within the syllabus and competency range.

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The Assessment of Practice Based Learning

3.8 Each candidate should present a Portfolio of Practice Evidence to verify that learning outcomes have been achieved. The portfolio should include:

[a] A log of all patients seen, signed by the supervisor, with an indication of the actual involvement of the candidate in each patient episode.

[b] Full information regarding each patient’s clinical presentation, management and follow-up.

[c] A reading log as evidence of the literature that has been used by the candidate to inform his or her understanding of practice.

[d] Critical reflection by the candidate upon his or her own performance, showing evidence of personal and professional development.

[e] A summary sheet showing where in the portfolio the evidence for the achievement of learning outcomes can be found.

3.9 The Portfolio of Practice Evidence should be submitted to the examiners prior to the assessment and will contribute to the final assessment.

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SECTION 4 – Quality Assurance Mechanisms4.1 The Provider should indicate how the management of standards and

quality is implemented.

4.2 Visitors will assess:

[a] the setting of quality and standards, and measures to maintain/enhance quality;

[b] What quality assurance mechanisms are used to ascertain that all the learning outcomes are achieved? For example, use of external assessors.

[c] systems regarding the approval/review of examiners and the suitability of APL

[d] robustness/security of decision-making processes (e.g. Monitoring and evaluation of APL, external inputs, overall scheme management)

4.3 Feedback procedures to inform reviews. Information will be required on:

[a] the use of quantitative data/qualitative feedback

[b] the methods adopted in obtaining views of all stakeholders

[c] external examiner reports

4.4 Candidate achievement and progression. Information will be required on:

[a] statistics on summative achievement

[b] analysis of performance across all sections

[c] evaluation of progression and achievement rates

[d] judgement on “fitness to practise”.

4.5 Personal development opportunities. Information will be required on:

[a] the opportunities and take up rates for examiners

[b] the opportunities for examiners/other assessment personnel and how these are reviewed

[c] data on provider’s own internal review of the effectiveness of the scheme and future plans

4.6 Quality enhancement mechanisms

[a] How is the provider planning to maintain standards and to improve the quality of provision in the future?

4.7 The candidate support services available.

Regulations

4.8 Details of Assessment and Examination and Appeals Regulations should be provided.

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SECTION 5 – Resources5.1 The Provider presenting the proposal will be required to indicate the

following information in order for Visitors to determine whether the resource available will support the effective delivery of the assessment requirements:

5.2 Projected number of participants in the assessment procedures

5.3 Adequately trained administrative and Examining Personnel: Staffing available to deliver the assessment with details of CVs

5.4 Accommodation Plans, the nature of the assessment environment and information technology support

5.5 Equipment

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SECTION 6 - Role of GOC Audit.

6.1 The GOC will seek to establish, via a Visit and a written report, that:

[a] Entry requirements to the assessment process are appropriately considered by the Scheme Provider so that the GOC can be confident that all candidates satisfy the requirement of Section 8(2) of the Opticians Act 1989 (as amended);

[b] learning outcomes for the assessment are clearly expressed and equate closely with GOC competences;

[c] that assessments measure the achievement of competencies appropriately and adequately as defined by Section 12(1) of the Opticians Act 1989 (as amended);

[d] communication to ALL interested parties is effective;

[e] quality assurance measures are in place; and

[f] resources are sufficient to the need.

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SECTION 7. GOC process of decision-making

7.1 Timetable for the approval process

Providers wishing to provide Schemes should in the first instance, write to the GOC indicating their broad intention. At this stage, or later, they should present a document which encapsulates the requirements of this Handbook. The GOC will then trigger the necessary accreditation procedures

7.2 Documentation required from proposers

Providers are required to present proposals in the strict sequence indicated in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 of this Handbook.

7.3 Requirement for visiting Providers

After receipt of appropriate documentation, Officers will arrange for a group of Visitors to give initial consideration to the proposals and decide whether further information is required or whether an accreditation event can be arranged. It is envisaged that this will require a Visit to the Provider assessment events.

7.4 The panel – constitution

The accreditation panel will consist of a Lay Chair and dispensing optician visitors, optometrist visitors and an ophthalmologist along with an Officer of the GOC.

7.5 Length of period of accreditation

Initially envisaged a maximum of 2 years.

7.6 Form and nature of written report

At the end of the Visit the Chair will indicate verbally the conclusions of the Visitors, if possible and this will be followed with a brief written report confirming the Visit conclusions and any conditions. The report will be presented to the GOC’s Education Committee and Council as a series of recommendations for approval.

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APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Statutory Powers of GOC

Appendix 2 Core Competencies for dispensing opticians and optometrists

Appendix 3 Core Curriculum for training of UK optometrists

Appendix 4 Core Curriculum for training of UK dispensing opticians

Appendix 5 IELTS Test Centre contact details (as known to the GOC at date of publication or this Handbook or the latest review date for the Handbook)

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APPENDIX 1

Statutory Powers

Section 8(2) and (2A) as amended of the Opticians Act will state that any person who satisfies the Council-

(2) Subject to subsection (2A), a person shall be entitled to have his name in the appropriate register if he satisfies the Council that he—

(a) holds a qualification as an optometrist or as a dispensing optician granted outside the United Kingdom;

(b) has had adequate practical experience in the work of an optometrist or a dispensing optician;

(c) holds a qualification approved by the Council under section 12(7)(b) below; and

(d) is a fit person to practise as an optometrist or dispensing optician.

(2A) The Council may determine in any particular case or class of case to which paragraph (2) above applies that before being entitled to be registered in the appropriate register, a person must obtain such qualification, approved in accordance with section 12(7)(b) below, as they consider appropriate. �Sections 12 of the Act as amended will state as follows:

Education and Training�12.—(1) The Council shall from time to time establish—

(a) the competencies which a person must be able to demonstrate in order to be granted a qualification as an optometrist or dispensing optician; and

(b) the content and the standard of education and training (including practical experience) required for the purposes of achieving those competencies.

(2) The Council must consult and seek advice from–

(a) its Standards Committee before establishing the competencies specified in subsection (1)(a) above;

(b) its Education Committee before establishing the requirements specified in subsection (1)(b) above.

(3) The competencies and requirements established under subsection (1) above shall be published by the Council from time to time in such form as appears to the Council to be appropriate.

(4) The Standards Committee and the Education Committee—

(a) must respectively keep under review the competencies and requirements established under subsection (1) above; and

(b) must each advise the Council if they consider changes are necessary.

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(5) The Council must take into account any advice received from their Standards Committee and their Education Committee under subsection (4) above and must, if the Council consider it appropriate to do so, establish and publish revised competencies or requirements.

(6) The Council must ensure that those establishments approved by the Council under subsection (7)(a) below who are engaged in the education, training or assessment of optometrists or dispensing opticians are notified of —

(a) the competencies and requirements established under subsection (1) above; and

(b) the requirements for the approval of any form of assessment under subsection (7)(b) below.

(7) The Council may approve—

(a) establishments where the instruction given to persons receiving education or training as optometrists or as dispensing opticians appears to the Council to be such as to provide them with adequate knowledge and skills to achieve the competencies for the practice of their profession;

(b) the granting of a qualification as an optometrist or dispensing optician to candidates following success in an examination or other form of assessment which in the Council’s opinion indicates that the candidate has attained all the competencies for the time being established under subsection (1)(a) above ; and

(c) any test of a candidate’s competency in or knowledge of the English language carried out by an educational establishment on candidates seeking entry to courses for optometrists or dispensing opticians offered by that establishment.

(8) If—

(a) an establishment referred to in subsection (7)(a) above is outside the United Kingdom; or

(b) a qualification referred to in subsection (7)(b) above is granted by an establishment which is outside the United Kingdom

the Council may, before determining whether to give their approval, commission others to advise and report on the suitability of the establishment or qualification.

(9) The council may also approve—

(a) establishments which provide only some of the education or training; or

(b) qualifications which meet only some of the requirements,

needed to achieve the competencies referred to in subsection (1)(a) above.

(10) The Council must from time to time publish, in such form (including electronic form) as they consider appropriate, a list of establishments and qualifications approved by them, indicating the purposes for which the approval was granted. �

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Appendix 2

GENERAL OPTICAL COUNCIL

The Revised Core Competencies for Registration as

DISPENSING OPTICIAN

(Ophthalmic Dispensing Profession)

APPROVED BY THE GENERAL OPTICAL COUNCIL ON

1 JULY 2004

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1. Communication Skills

The ability to seek and communicate relevant information from and to patients in an effective and appropriate manner.

Critical competencies:

1.1 The ability to communicate effectively with the patient, taking into account his/her physical, emotional, intellectual and cultural background, and to take accurate history from patients with a range of ophthalmic problems and needs.1.2 The ability to deal effectively with patient concerns and complaints.

Applied Knowledge and skills:1.3 An understanding of the importance and significance of family history, signs and symptoms including a recognition of the importance of the patient’s health status, medication, work, sports, lifestyle and special skills.1.4 The development of the key skills of listening to patients and explaining and discussing with them ophthalmic matters, taking into account relevant individual characteristics.1.5 The ability to understand patients’ fears, anxieties and concerns about their visual welfare in the eye examination and its outcome.1.6 The ability to discuss with the patient an understanding of systemic disease and its ocular impact, its treatment and the possible ocular side effects of medication.1.7 The ability to understand the patient’s expectations and aspirations and managing situations where these cannot be met.1.8 The ability to recognise cultural diversity, and to communicate with patients who have poor or non-verbal communication skills, or those who are confused, reticent or misled.

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2. Professional Conduct

In fulfilling his/her duty of care a Dispensing Optician must have an understanding and working knowledge of the relevant legislation and civil laws, as well as codes of conduct and professional guidance to be able to care for, respect and protect the rights, dignity, privacy and confidentiality of patients.

Critical competencies

2.1 The demonstration of the ability to manage a patient’s care in a safe, ethical and confidential environment.

2.2 The demonstration of the ability to keep clear, accurate and contemporaneous patient records, which record all relevant findings and decisions made.

Applied Knowledge and Skills

2.3 Have an understanding and working knowledge of health care delivery systems to be able to demonstrate an ability to care for patients who have additional clinical or social needs.

2.4 Demonstrate the ability to interpret and respond appropriately to patient records and other relevant information. Demonstrate the ability to work within a multi-disciplinary team and within the guidelines and codes set of the profession.

2.5 Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of their legal and ethical responsibilities in relation to the publication, advertising and broadcasting information of services, facilities and goods.

2.6 Demonstrate the ability to act with probity in professional practice. This includes:

keeping clear, accurate and contemporaneous records of financial transactions relating to fees and vouchers and other financial information;the provision of information about payment of fees by all means and other costs relevant to patients needs and wants;

a knowledge and understanding of professional guidance in relation to conflicts of interest.

2.7 Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of Health and Safety issues in the workplace, for themselves as employees and for patients.

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3. Refractive Management

An understanding of methods of assessing vision, refraction, binocular status and visual acuity in all patients.

Critical competence3.1 An understanding of refractive prescribing and management decisions.

Applied Knowledge and Skills 3.2 A knowledge and understanding of the use of ocular diagnostic drugs to aid refraction.3.3 An understanding of the methods of refracting children, a knowledge and understanding of cycloplegic drugs and their effects, and an understanding of prescribing and management decisions.3.4 An understanding of the refraction of patients with reduced visual acuity. 3.5 An understanding of the investigation and management of patients presenting with heterophoria, heterotropia and amblyopia based anomalies of binocular vision, including the relevance of history and the recognition of any clinical symptoms. 3.6 An understanding of the objective and subjective tests necessary to investigate binocular status.3.7 An understanding of likely management options including: vision training, refractive correction, modified refractive correction and prismatic correction, related to the prescribing of the appliance.3.8 An understanding of the investigation and management of patients presenting with incommitant deviations, including the recognition of symptoms and referral advice.3.9 An awareness of the special examination needs of patients with learning and other disabilities.3.10 An awareness of the diagnostic methods for patients with field defects.

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4. Optical Appliances

The ability to dispense an appropriate optical appliance.

Critical competencies;4.1 The ability to interpret and dispense a prescription using appropriate lenses and facial and frame measurements.4.2 The ability to advise on and dispense appropriate spectacle frame types and materials and lens forms and materials.4.3 The ability to dispense optical low vision aids4.4 The ability to relate the development of a child’s facial anatomy to the fitting of optical appliances.

Applied Knowledge and Skills4.5 The ability to identify anomalies in a prescription and implement the appropriate course of action4.6 The ability to measure and verify optical appliances including the replication of existing spectacles, taking into account relevant standards where applicable.

4.7 The ability to match the form, type and positioning of lenses to meet all the patient’s needs and requirements.4.8 Demonstrate a knowledge of personal eye protection regulations and relevant standards, and the ability to appropriately advise patients on occupational visual requirements.4.9 The ability to recommend and dispense special optical appliances.4.10 Demonstrate a knowledge of frame and lens manufacturing and the application of special lens treatments.

4.11 The ability to identify current and obsolete frame materials and consider their properties when handling, adjusting, repairing and dispensing.

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5. Contact Lenses

An understanding of the choice, fitting and management of contact lenses.

Critical Competence5.1 An understanding of the symptoms and signs of serious contact lens complications.

Applied Knowledge and Skills5.2 An understanding of contact lens types and materials, their benefits and disadvantages, and their most appropriate applications.5.3 An understanding of the initial contact lens selection and fitting of RGP and soft contact lens patients.

5.4 A knowledge of the different methods of contact lens removal and the ability to remove the lens in an emergency, if feasible and the ability to discuss the use of care regimes .

5.5 An understanding of both the aftercare of patients wearing RGP and soft contact lenses and the management of any complications.

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6. Low Vision

The management of low vision patients.

Critical competencies6.1 An understanding of the causes of low vision and their effects on vision.6.2 The ability to assess a patient with low vision. 6.3 The ability to advise on the use of and dispense appropriate low vision aids.

Applied knowledge and skills6.4 The ability to consider the effectiveness of current refraction of patients with low visual acuity and to refer back where appropriate.6.5 An understanding of the assessment of visual function, including the use of logMAR and other specialist charts, and the effects of illumination, contrast and glare.6.6 An understanding of the assessment of the visual field of patients with reduced vision.6.7 An understanding of binocular vision in relation to low vision appliances.6.8 A knowledge of the relevance of optical low vision aids and of common types of non-optical low vision aid.6.9 The ability to advise low vision patients on illumination, glare and contrast.6.10 The ability to advise patients about their impairment and its consequences. 6.11 An understanding of the need for multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches to low vision care.6.12 The ability to refer low vision patients to other agencies where appropriate.6.13 After-care management of low vision patients.

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7. Ocular Examination and Technique

An understanding of the technologies used in the examination of the eye and adnexa.

Applied knowledge and skills7.2 An understanding of the examination of the external eye and anterior segment by use of the slit lamp.7.3 An understanding of the appropriate ocular diagnostic drugs to aid ocular examination and investigation.7.4 An understanding of the examination of the fundus using either a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope.7.5 An understanding of the methods of assessment of colour vision.7.6 An understanding of methods of assessment of corneal shape and integrity.7.7 An understanding of the instruments involved in visual field analysis and of the results.7.8 An understanding of the use of a tonometer and of the results.

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Critical competence

7.1 An understanding of the purpose and use of the instruments used in the examination of the eye and adnexa, and the implications of results.

8. Ocular Abnormalities

An understanding of the relevance of ocular disease

Critical competencies

8.1 The ability to recognise conditions and symptoms requiring referral and/or emergency referral and the demonstration of the ability to take appropriate action.

Applied knowledge and Skills8.2 The ability to identify common diseases of the external eye and adnexa.

8.3 An understanding of symptoms associated with internal eye disease.

8.4 An understanding of the clinical treatment of a range of significant ocular diseases/disorders and conditions. 8.5 An understanding of the clinical treatment of a range of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations and adverse ocular reactions to medication.8.6 An understanding of the implications of the manifestations of eye disease.

8.7 The ability to recognise and deal with ocular emergencies.

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GLOSSARYWords and Phrases

Competency Title One of the eight competencies areas identified by the GOC

Stem Statement An over-arching statement which explains and expands the competency title.

Critical Competency Competencies Those competencies which a candidate must demonstrate before entry to the Opticians Register.

Foundation Knowledge & Skills Refers to knowledge and skills which are required to be achieved by students in order to prepare for achievement of applied knowledge and skills.

Note: Foundation Knowledge and Skills are given in outline form reflecting aspects of the current curriculum. It would be for the training institutions to interpret and determine the extent to which these are taught, bearing in mind the necessity to have sufficient learning time to achieve the applied knowledge and skills.

Applied Knowledge & Skills Refers to knowledge and skills which are required to be achieved by students in order to be able to meet the required relevant critical competencies.

Ability to.. Being able to .....and/or permitted to under current legislation

Understanding To comprehend, to perceive the meaning of but not necessarily having the ability to do it.....

Communication All forms of inter-personal communication ‘written forms’ ‘asking’ ‘listening’ ‘explaining’ ‘discussing’.

Ophthalmic Includes all disciplines within opticsSpecial Optical Appliances An optical appliances with or without

the means of correcting a refractive error for medical, vocational or any other specified purpose.

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THE GENERAL OPTICAL COUNCIL STAGE 2 CORE COMPETENCIESFOR OPTOMETRY

The following are the REVISED competencies for registration as an optometrist

APPROVED BY THE GENERAL OPTICAL COUNCIL ON

1 JULY 2004

Achievement of ALL the Core Competencies must be demonstrated at some stage during the period of the scheme

The GOC has placed the competencies in to three categories for assessment purposes:

High assessment competencies – in bold

Medium assessment competencies – in italics

Standard assessment competencies – in standard type

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Core Subject 1: Communication Skills

The ability to communicate effectively with the patient and with professional colleagues

To be achieved within first quarter

1.1 The ability to take an accurate history from patients with a range of optometric conditions.

1.2 The ability to elicit significant symptoms.

1.3 The ability to elicit relevant family history.

1.4 The ability to elicit issues pertaining to the patient’s general health, medication, work, sports, lifestyle and special needs.

To be achieved within second quarter

1.5 The ability to impart to patients an explanation of their physiological or pathological eye condition.

1.6 An ability to understand a patient’s fears, anxieties and concerns about their visual welfare, the eye examination and its outcome.

1.7 The ability to discuss with a patient the importance of systemic disease and its ocular impact, its treatment and the possible ocular side effects of medication.

1.8 An ability to understand the patient’s expectations and aspirations and manage empathetically situations where these cannot be met.

To be achieved by qualifying examination

1.9 The ability to communicate with patients who have poor, or non-verbal, communication skills, or those who are confused, reticent or who might mislead.

1.10 The ability to communicate bad news to patients in an empathetic and understandable way.

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Core Subject 2: Professional Conduct

An understanding of professional conduct and thelegal aspects of professional practice


2.1 The ability to manage patients in a safe, ethical and confidential fashion.

2.2 The ability to create and to keep clear, accurate and contemporaneous patient records.

2.3 The ability to interpret and respond appropriately to existing records.


2.4 The ability to make a judgement regarding referral and an understanding of referral pathways.


2.5 The ability to demonstrate an understanding of the legal, professional and ethical obligations of a registered optometrist.

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Core Subject 3: Visual Function

An understanding of, and the ability to assess visual function


3.1 The ability to refract a range of patients with common optometric problems by appropriate objective and subjective means.

3.2 The ability to make appropriate prescribing and management decisions based on the refractive and oculomotor status.

3.3 The ability to use appropriate ocular diagnostic drugs to aid refraction.


3.4 The ability to assess children’s visual function using appropriate techniques.

3.5 The ability to assess patients with impaired visual function.

3.6 The ability to advise visually impaired patients about their impairment, disability or handicap.

3.7 The ability to assess a patient's colour vision and to determine whether it achieves the standards required by various vocational groups.


3.8 An understanding of the special examination needs of patients with learning and other disabilities.

3.9 An understanding of the special examination needs of patients with severe visual field defects.

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Core Subject 4: Optical Appliances

The ability to prescribe and to dispense appropriate optical appliances


4.1 The ability to advise on and to dispense the most suitable form of optical correction taking into account durability, comfort, cosmetic appearance and lifestyle.

4.2 The ability to measure and verify optical appliances, taking into account relevant standards.


4.3 The ability to advise on the use of, and to dispense simple low vision aids including: hand and stand magnifiers, typoscopes and hand held telescopes.

4.4 The ability to advise on the use of and to dispense complex spectacle lens forms, including: multifocals, high corrections, and their application to specific patient needs.

4.5 An understanding of prismatic effect, and the manipulation of lens form and setting to obtain the desired control of prismatic effects.


4.6 An understanding of eye protection regulations, and relevant standards, and the ability to advise on occupational visual requirements.

4.7 The ability to prescribe and dispense spectacles for vocational use.

4.8 An understanding of the application of complex low vision aids e.g. spectacle-mounted telescopes, CCTV.

4.9 The ability to manage non-tolerance cases.

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Core Subject 5: Ocular Examination

The ability to perform an examination of the eye and related structures


5.1 The ability to use instruments in ocular examination and to understand the implications of the findings in terms of subsequent examination techniques.

5.2 The ability to assess the external eye and adnexa.

5.3 The ability to assess the tear film.

5.4 The ability to assess pupil reactions.

5.5 The ability to use a slit lamp.

5.6 The ability to use diagnostic drugs to aid ocular examination.

5.7 The ability to examine fundi using direct and indirect techniques.

5.8 The ability to use instruments to measure corneal curvature.

5.9 part

The ability to investigate visual fields and to analyse and interpret the results.


5.10 The ability to use a contact tonometer to measure intraocular pressure and analyse and interpret the results.

5.11 The ability to make an assessment of the fundus in the presence of media opacities.

5.12 The ability to use a slit lamp to detect anterior chamber signs of ocular inflammation.

5.13 The ability to assess visual fields of patients with reduced visual acuity.


5.14 Demonstrate an understanding of techniques for assessment of vision in infants.

5.15 An understanding of the assessment of visual function, including the use of specialist charts for distance and near vision, and the effects of lighting, contrast and glare.

29

Core Subject 6: Ocular Abnormalities

The ability to identify and manage ocular abnormalities


6.1 The ability to interpret and investigate the presenting symptoms of the patient.

6.2 The ability to develop a management plan for the investigation of the patient

6.3 The ability to identify external pathology and offer appropriate advice to patients not needing referral,

6.4 An understanding of risk factors for common ocular conditions.

6.5 The ability to recognise common ocular abnormalities and to refer when appropriate.


6.6 The ability to manage a patient presenting with a red eye.

6.7 The ability to manage a patient presenting with reduced vision.

6.8 The ability to identify abnormal colour vision and to appreciate its significance.

6.9 The ability to manage a patient presenting with cataract.

6.10 The ability to evaluate glaucoma risk factors, to detect glaucoma and refer accordingly.

6.11 The ability to manage a patient presenting with macular degeneration.

6.12 The ability to recognise, evaluate and manage diabetic eye disease and refer accordingly.

6.13 The ability to evaluate and manage a patient presenting with symptoms suggestive of retinal detachment.

6.14 An understanding of the treatment of a range of common ocular diseases.

6.15 The ability to recognise ocular manifestations of systemic disease.


6.16 An understanding of the role of optometrists in shared care schemes.

6.17 The ability to assess symptoms and signs of neurological significance.

30

6.18 The ability to manage patients presenting with sight- threatening eye disease.

6.19 An ability to recognise adverse ocular reactions to medication.

31

Core Subject 7: Contact Lenses

The ability to manage patients with contact lenses


7.1 The ability to insert and remove contact lenses and instruct patients in these procedures.

7.2 The ability to fit soft contact lenses.

7.3 The ability to manage the aftercare of patients wearing soft contact lenses

7.4 The ability to advise on contact lens materials and care regimes


7.5 The ability to manage the aftercare of patients wearing rigid gas permeable contact lens.

7.6 The ability to fit rigid gas permeable contact lenses.


7.7 An understanding of, and the ability to fit contact lenses to patients with astigmatism.

7.8 An understanding of the techniques used in fitting contact lenses and to advise patients requiring complex visual correction.

32

Core Subject 8: Binocular Vision

The ability to assess and manage patients with anomaliesof binocular vision


8.1 The ability to assess binocular status using objective and subjective tests.

8.2 An understanding of the management of a patient with an anomaly of binocular vision.

8.3 The ability to investigate and manage adult patients presenting with heterophoria.


8.4 The ability to manage an adult patient with heterotropia

8.5 The ability to manage children at risk of developing an anomaly of binocular vision.


8.6 The ability to manage children presenting with an anomaly of binocular vision.

8.7 The ability to manage a patient presenting with an incomitant deviation.

33

GLOSSARYWords and Phrases

Competency Title One of the eight competencies areas identified by the GOC

Stem Statement An over-arching statement which explains and expands the competency title.

Ability to.. Being able to .....and/or permitted to under current legislation

Understanding To comprehend, to perceive the meaning of but not necessarily having the ability to do it.....

Communication All forms of inter-personal communication ‘written forms’ ‘asking’ ‘listening’ ‘explaining’ ‘discussing’.

Manage Encompasses all aspects of patient management including advice, reassurance, treatment and referral as appropriate.

CCTV Closed-circuit Television – a television system in which signals are transmitted from the television camera to the receivers by cables or telephone links

34

Appendix 3

2000THE CORE CURRICULUMFOR UNDERGRADUATE

TRAINING IN OPTOMETRY

General Optical Council41 Harley Street

LondonW1G 8DJ

Tel: 020-7580-3898Fax: 020-7436-3525

Email: [email protected]

35

FOREWORD

The Core Curriculum is designed to assist both the Panel of Visitors of the General Optical Council and the individual training institutions. It is recognised that this is a core curriculum and that individual training institutions will both teach beyond the curriculum and place varying emphasis on different parts of the curriculum according to the differing experience and expertise of the academic staff. Nevertheless it provides Visitors with a framework on which to base their judgement of the appropriateness of the curricula when visiting an institution.

In areas such as Basic Science where there are less differences of opinion and less new knowledge more detail has been given than in clinical areas where opinions may differ and a great deal of new knowledge is manifested every year.

36

INTRODUCTION

BASIC SCIENCE

Basic Science is the fundamental knowledge and understanding of the scientific principles upon which optometric practice is built and has been drawn up so that subsequent mastery of clinical content, both systemic and ocular, evolves providing a basis for life-long learning in optometry.

(a) Human Biology

Optometrists should possess a knowledge of the scientific principles of the biomedical sciences, which are applied in the recognition and management of systemic conditions that can present to them by patients seeking primary eye care; and in the prevention, detection/diagnosis and management of ocular diseases.

(b) Theoretical, and Physiological Optics

Optometrists should possess a knowledge of the scientific principles of theoretical and physiological optics which are applied in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of refractive, oculomotor and sensory integrative conditions which can present to them by patients seeking primary eye care.

CLINICAL SCIENCE

Clinical Science is the application of Basic Science to the prevention, diagnosis/detection, treatment and management of clinical conditions within the scope of optometric practice.

(a) Ophthalmic Optics

Optometrists should have an understanding of ophthalmic optics so as to enable them to apply their knowledge of Basic Science.

(b) Ocular/Visual Biology

Optometrists should possess a knowledge of the scientific principles of ocular/visual biology which are applied in the prevention, diagnosis/detection and management of ocular disease and traumatic conditions that can present to them by patients seeking primary eye care.

(c) Systemic Conditions

Optometrists should have an understanding of systemic conditions that will enable them to apply their knowledge of Basic Science.

The more common systemic conditions with serious ocular complications should be taught in detail and other conditions which are either more rare or have less serious ocular effects should also be covered.

(d) Ocular Disease/Trauma

37

Optometrists should have an understanding of ocular disease and trauma which will enable them to apply their knowledge of Basic Science to their responsibilities in the prevention, diagnosis/detection and management of ocular pathological conditions that can present to them by patients seeking primary eye care.

(e) Refractive/Oculomotor /Sensory Integrative Conditions

Optometrists should have an understanding of refractive/oculomotor/sensory integrative conditions which will enable them to apply their knowledge of Basic Science to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and management of such conditions as may present to them by patients seeking primary eye care.

PATIENT CARE AND HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Optometrists should have an understanding of public health, which will enable them to apply their knowledge to the identification of society’s health needs.

38

EXPANDED IN APPENDIX IBASIC SCIENCE

Human Biology

Detail as to the depth of knowledge required may be found by consulting Appendix I

Section 1. Gross Anatomy

a. Head and neckb. Thoraxc. Abdomen/pelvisd. Systemic circulation of blood and lymph

Section 2. Histology

a. Tissues1. Cell2. Epithelium3. Glands4. Connective tissue5. Muscle6. Blood7. Nerve8. Receptors9. Blood vessels

b. Organs1. Integumentary system2. Heart3. Respiratory system4. Gastrointestinal system5. Renal system

c. Histogenesis1. Epithelium2. Connective tissue3. Muscle

Section 3. Neuroscience

a. Neurohistology1. Histogenesis in the nervous system2. Degeneration and regeneration in the nervous system

b. Electrophysiology of the nerve cell1. Basis of resting potential (ionic balance, transport mechanisms)2. Basis of action potential (ionic balance)3. Action potential conduction4. Synapses, classification, transmission5. Membrane physiology receptors, membrane channels6. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (including

concepts of spatial and temporal summation)7. Strength - duration curve

39

c. Neuroanatomy1. Spinal cord 2. Autonomic nervous system3. Medulla4. Pons5. Midbrain6. Diencephalon7. Cerebrum8. Cerebellum9. Blood supply10. Functional systems (e.g., visual, auditory, somesthetic, limbic)

d. Neurophysiology1. Integration of nerve signals (synaptic processes, reflexes,

feedback, adaptation and habituation)2. Sensory coding (receptor potentials, uni- and multi-modal units,

receptive fields)3. Somatosensory system (transmission of tactile, proprioceptive,

temperature and pain sensations)4. Auditory system (functions of middle ear and cochlea, central

auditory mechanisms)5. Vestibular system (function of vestibular apparatus, brainstem

mechanisms of vestibulo-ocular and postural reflexes)6. Motor pathways (spinal reflexes, muscle spindles, control of

movement by the motor cortex, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and brainstem structures)

7. Autonomic nervous system (including function of adrenal medulla and central regulation of visceral function)

8. Significance of evoked potentials, CT and PET scanning and MRI

Section 4. General Biochemistry

a. Cellular biochemistryb. Proteins

1. Structure and Types2. Mechanism of Enzyme action

c. Bioenergetics and energy storaged. Carbohydrate biochemistry

1. Structure and function2. Glycolysis3. TCA cycle4. Pentose monophosphate shunt5. Gluconeogenesis6 Glycogen synthesis, storage and utilization7 Oxidative phosphorylation8 Mitochondrial structure9 Electron transport/pH coupling

e. Lipid biochemistry1 Structure and function2. Fatty acid degradation/beta oxidation

40

3. Fatty acid synthesis4. Sterol synthesis5. Membrane biochemistry

f. Molecular Biology1. DNA structure and function2. RNA structure and function3. DNA replication4. Protein synthesis

g. Biochemistry of specialised tissues1. Hormones and growth factors2. Muscle3. Immune system4. Liver5. Nerves6. Eye

h. Nutrition1. Digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids2. Essential amino acids3. Vitamins4. Minerals

Section 5. General Physiology/Neurophysiology

a. Cellular functionsb. Respirationc. Gastrointestinal activityd. Musclee. Body fluidsf. Renal system and body fluidsg. Circulatory systemh. Endocrine system

Section 6. General Microbiology

a. Bacteriology1. Eucaryotic vs. procaryotic cells2. Bacterial cell structures and cell wall morphology3. Physiological processes of bacterial growth4. Genetic mechanisms of bacteria5. Normal body flora6. Disease states, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms,

symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections by7. Laboratory isolation, culture and identification of bacteria8. Procedures for antibiotic susceptibility testing9. Quality control sterilisation and disinfection

b. Virology1. Virus particle chemistry and morphology2. Classification scheme for viruses3. Genetic mechanisms of viruses4. Viral replication in host cells

41

5. Disease states, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms, symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections by viruses

c. Mycology1. Biology of fungi2. Disease states, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms,

symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections by3. Parasitology4. Disease states, life cycles, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms,

symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections by protozoans, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and arthropods.

Section 7. General Immunology

a. Antigens (chemistry and origin)b. Antibodiesc. Antigen-antibody interactionsd. Complement chemistry, function, and pathwayse. Cytokines (origin and function)f. Non-specific immunityg. Specific immunityh. Hypersensitivity responsesi. Transplantation immunologyj. Immunological tolerancek. Autoimmunity

Section 8. General Pharmacology

a. General Principles of pharmacology and toxicity1. Pharmacodynamics2. Pharmacokinetics

b. Autonomic and/or neuromuscular junction drugs1. Neurohumoural transmission: autonomic and somatic motor

nervous systems2. Adrenergic agonists3. Adrenergic antagonists4. Cholinergic agonists5. Cholinergic antagonists6. Ganglionic agonists and antagonists7. Neuromuscular transmission agonists and antagonists

c. Autocoid agonists and antagonistsd. Drugs affecting the respiratory system

1. Bronchodilators2. Mast cell stabilizers3. Mucolytics

e. Gastrointestinal agentsf. Chemotherapeutic agents

1. Antimicrobial agents2. Antiviral agents3. Antineoplastic agents

g. Immunopharmacological agents

42

h. Anti-inflammatory agents1 Steroids2. Non-steroids

i. Major drugs acting on the central nervous system1. Neurotransmitters2. Opioid and non-opioid analgesics3. Sedative hypnotics4. Anxiolytics5. Antipsychotics6. Antiparkinsonians7. Antidepressants8. Anticonvulsants9. Skeletal muscle relaxants

j. Local anaestheticsk. Major drugs acting on the endocrine system

1. Adenohypophyseal hormones2. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs3. Insulin and synthetic antidiabetics4. Oestrogens, progestins and androgens

l. Major cardiovascular drugs1. Antihypertensives2. Agents used to treat CHF (inotropic agents, vasodilators)3. Antiarrhythmics4. Antianginal agents5. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics6. Antihyperlipidemic agents

m. Major drugs acting on the kidneys1. Diuretics2. Uricosuric agents

n. Common over-the-counter drugs1. Vitamins and minerals

o. Toxicologyp. Drug use and metabolism in pregnancy and breast feeding

43

EXPANDED IN APPENDIX II

BASIC SCIENCE

Theoretical Optics

Details as to the depth of knowledge required may be found by consulting Appendix II

Section 1 Geometrical Optics

a. Refraction at single plane or spherical surfaces.b. Thin lensesc. Thick lensesd. Aberrationse. Stops, pupillae and portsf. Spherocylindrical lensesg. Thin prismsh. Mirrorsi. Ophthalmic and optical instruments

Section 2. Physical Optics

a. Wave opticsb. Interaction of light and matterc. Polarisationd. Image Quality

44

BASIC SCIENCEPhysiological OpticsDetails as to the depth of knowledge required may be found by consulting Appendix II

Section 1. Ocular Physiology/Neurophysiology

a. Visual pathway

Section 2 Visual Optics

a. Schematic eye modelsb. Dioptrics of the eyec. Entoptic phenomenad. Quality of the retinal imagee. Radiation and the eye

Section 3. Visual Perception

a. Colour perceptionb. Space perceptionc. Form perceptiond. Light perceptione. Motion perceptionf. Temporal perception

Section 4. Psychophysical Methodology

a. Basic psychophysical methods and theoryb. Psychophysical scaling methods and theoryc. Signal detection methods and theory

45

CLINICAL SCIENCEOphthalmic Optics

Section 1

a. Physical characteristics of ophthalmic lenses1. Geometry of lens surfaces (Spherical, cylindrical, toric, aspheric)2. Base curves (form of lenses)3. Lens thickness (centre, edge, gradients, isothickness curves)4. Specification of lens size and shape5. Materials (index of refraction, dispersion, hardness, specific

density)b. Optical characteristics of ophthalmic lenses

1. Locations of and relationships between the optic axis, optical centre, geometric centre, and major reference points

2. Principles of corrected curve lens design3. Verification of lens prescriptions (focimeter, lens measure, and

hand neutralisation)4. Writing and transposing lens prescriptions5. Effect of lens tilt (spheres and spherocylinders about a principal

meridian)6. Effective power variations 7. Focimetry

c. Ophthalmic prisms and prismatic effects of lenses1. Thickness differences across a prism2. Prismatic effects in the periphery of a lens (spheres,

spherocylinders)3. Decentration (prism form decentration, decentering to obtain

prism, interpupillary distance)4. Correction of vertical prism effect

a) Slab off (front, back, top, bottom, reverse)b) Double slab offc) Dissimilar segmentsd) Compensated R Segmentse) Prism segmentsf) Multiple correctionsg) Contact lensesh) Fresnel prismsi) Fresnel adds

d. Multifocal lenses1. Types (fused, solid, progressive power and blended lenses)2. Methods of producing add power3. Segment centre location4. Differential prismatic effect and jump5. Total displacement, horizontal and vertical imbalance6. Placement of distance and multifocal optical centre7. Optical and physical characteristics of segments (design and

calculations, progressive adds, aberrations, surface characteristics)

8. Specifying multifocal height, size, shape and location of segment

46

e. Frame Materials: Physical characteristics and physiological compatibility f. Specification and nomenclature of framesg. Optical and frame consideration of high powered lenses: spheric,

aspheric, and high index materialsh. Spectacle magnification

1. Shape and power factors2. Iseikonic lens design

i. Methods of remedying reflections and ghost imagesj. Absorptive lenses

1. Specification of lens tints and absorptive coatings (including spectral transmission curves)

2. Characteristics of photochromic lenses3. Relationship between lens thickness and spectral transmission4. Special occupational requirements

k. Impact resistance1. Degrees of resistance of ophthalmic lens materials2. Methods of rendering materials impact resistant3. Methods of verifying impact resistance4. Performance of materials upon impact and after impact5. Specifications of occupational safety lenses

l. Optical tolerances and physical requirements of ophthalmic lenses and frame materials (International and European Standards)

Section 2 Spectacle Applications

a. Treatment and management of refractive/oculomotor/sensory interactive conditions using spectacle lenses

1. Ametropic spectacle lens prescriptions2. Lens problems of aberrations, weight, thickness, limits of field,

ghost images, magnification, jump and displacement3. Frame and lens design, including types of single vision and

multiple focal lenses of multi-focals, optical centres, and frame specifications

4. Evaluation of lenses and frames, via focimeter, lens gauge, and observation, for optical centre positioning, power, and other specifications of design

5. Fitting and adjusting frames6. Patient advice associated with the dispensing of prescriptions for

different ametropias

47

CLINICAL SCIENCE

Ocular /Visual Biology

Section 1. Anatomy of the Eye, Ocular Adnexa and Visual Pathwaya. Orbit

1. Contents (extraocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat compartments, fascia)

2. Anatomical relationships among orbital structures3. Bones of the orbit4. Foramina and openings of the orbit (location, contents)

b. Extraocular muscles1 Nomenclature

2. Origins3. Insertions4. Innervation, blood supply5. Relationship to other orbital structures

c. Blood supply1 Branches of internal and external carotid arteries related to

the orbit, eyelid and upper face2. Branches of the internal and external jugular veins3. Dural sinuses

d. Ocular and orbital nerves1 Cranial nerve I, III, IV, V, VI, VII (intracranial and extracranial

course, branches, functions, tissue innervated)2. Parasympathetic nerves (course, branches. tissue innervated)3. Sympathetic nerves (course, branches, tissue innervated)

e. Eyelid1 Anatomic boundaries2. Layers3. Muscles (actions)4. Glands (secretions, functions)5. Blood supply drainage, lymphatic drainage6. Innervation

f. Eyebrow (structure and function)g. Conjunctiva

1. Location2. Composition (layers, cell types, glands)3. Relationship with tarsal plate, extraocular muscles, sclera,

Tenon's capsule, cornea4. Blood supply and venous drainage, lymphatic drainage5. Innervation6. Plica semilunaris (composition)7. Caruncle (composition)

48

h. Lacrimal system1 Lacrimal gland (structure, innervation, blood supply)2. Accessory lacrima glands (location, function)3. Distribution of tears (role of eyelids)4. Drainage of tears, nasolacrimal duct (cellular lining), lacrimal

papillae (location), lacrimal puncta, canaliculli (relationship to Horner’s Muscle); lacrimal sac (relationship to medial palpebral ligament, Horner’s muscle, orbicularis oculi, septum orbitale)

5. Lacrimal fossa (bony structure)6. Nasolacrimal canal (bony composition, relationship to maxillary

sinus)i. Cornea

1 Normal dimensions including diameter, radii of curvature (anterior and posterior) and thickness (central and peripheral)

2. Temperature3. Epithelium (histology and ultrastructure)4. Basal lamina (relationship to epithelium)5. Bowman's layer (relationship to basal lamina and epithelium)6. Stroma (composition, ultrastructure)7. Descemet's membrane (relationship to stroma and

endothelium)8. Endothelium (composition, ultrastructure)9. Innervation10. Healing

j. Sclera1. Size2. Radius of curvature3. Thickness4. Colour5. Relationship to conjunctiva, Tenon's capsule, suprachoroidal

space6. Emissaria (contents, location)7. Composition8. Lamina cribrosa (structure)

k. Anterior chamber and angle1. Shape and volume2. Boundaries3. Diameter and depth4. Trabecular meshwork (components, ultrastructure)5. Juxtacanalicular tissue (components, ultrastructure)6. Schlemm's canal (location, size, ultrastructure of wall, afferent

and efferent connections)7. Scleral spur (composition, location)8. Schwalbe's ring (composition, location)

49

l. Iris1. Gross landmarks, zones2. Diameter3. Colouration (factors controlling)4. Anterior border (composition, ultrastructure)5. Stroma (composition)6. Sphincter muscle (type, composition, innervation)7. Anterior epithelium (ultrastructure)8. Dilator muscle (type, composition, innervation)9. Posterior epithelium (relationship to lens, anterior epithelium, pupil

margin)10. Blood supply, venous drainage11. Innervation

m. Pupil1. Size2. Location

n. Posterior chamber1. Size and volume2. Boundaries

o. Ciliary body1. Gross morphology2. Dimensions3. Relationship to sclera, anterior chamber, iris, posterior chamber,

lens and retina4. Pars plana (location, components)5. Pars plicata (location, components)6. Stroma (components)7. Ciliary muscle (components, origin, insertion, action, innervation)8. Pigmented epithelium (basal lamina, ultrastructure)9. Non-pigmented epithelium (basal lamina, ultrastructure,

relationship to pigmented epithelium)10. Blood supply and venous drainage11. Innervation

p. Lens, zonule1. Zonule2. Location of lens3. Epithelium (capsule, ultrastructure)4. Cortex (composition of lens fibres, ultrastructure)5. Nuclei (various names and locations)6. Sutures (location)

q. Choroid1. Extent2. Thickness3. Relationship to lamina fusca of sclera4. Choriocapillaris (ultrastructure, type of capillaries)5. Stroma (composition)6. Blood supply7. Venous drainage8. Innervation9. Bruch's membrane (location, composition)

50

r. Vitreous1. Volume2. Shape3. Attachments to retina and lens (ultrastructure)4. Patellar fossa (location)5. Anterior hyaloid (location)6. Posterior hyaloid (location)7. Cortex (composition)8. Hyaloid canal (location, origin)

s. Retina1. Layers (components of each, ultrastructure)2. Relationship between retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's

Membrane3. Relationship between retinal pigment epithelium and

photoreceptor outer segments4. Synaptic connections within retina5. Glial cells (name, location, function)6. Blood supply7. Anatomical areas (location, size, composition) of area

centralis, parafovea, fovea, foveola, macula lutea, ora serrata (ultrastructure)

t. Optic nerve1. Surface features2. Prelaminar portion (composition, blood supply)3. Laminar portion (composition, blood supply)4. Retrolaminar portion (composition, blood supply)5. Central retinal artery and vein (location)6. Optic disc/cup

u. Visual pathway1 Localisation of retinal fibres along visual pathway, optic nerve, chiasm

(crossing), optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations. visual cortex2. Layers of lateral geniculate body (afferent, efferent)3. Layers of visual cortex, areas4. Blood supply5. Anatomy related to visual pathology

51

Section 2. Ocular and Visual Pathway Development

a. Orbit1. Development of bones of orbit (closure of sutures)2. Abnormalities (faulty development of facial bones)

b. Extraocular muscles1. Condensation of mesenchyme (bilateral condensation)2. Motor innervation development3. Insertion of extraocular primordia into anterior sclera4. Late development

c. Eyelid1. Tissue origin2. Lid folds3. Fusion of eyelid4. Ectodermal derivatives (skin, glands, conjunctiva)5. Mesodermal derivatives (tarsus, orbital septum, orbicularis oculi,

aponeurosis of levator, smooth muscle)d. Conjunctiva

1. Ectodermal specialization forming conjunctiva and glandse. Lacrimal apparatus

1. Tissue origin of lacrimal glands (main, accessory)2. Appearance of tearing and weeping (reflexes)3. Tissue origin of lacrimal and nasal passages

f. Cornea1. Inductive mechanisms2. Ectodermal components (epithelium, primary stroma)3. Mesenchymal components (waves)4. Corneal nerve development (origin)5. Factors affecting corneal size, curvature, transparency

g. Sclera1. Inductive mechanisms2. Tissue origin3. Comparison with cornea

h. Anterior chamber and angle1. Creation of anatomical space2. Factors that promote growth of anterior chamber3. Creation of angle (atrophy theory, cleavage theory, reorganisation

theory, rarefaction theory)4. Differentiation of Canal of Schlemm, sclera spur, trabecular

meshwork5. Endothelial membrane

i. Iris/Pupil1. Development of iris stroma (anterior leaf, posterior leaf)2. Development of pars iridica retinae (epithelial layer)3. Development of dilator and sphincter muscles4. Pupillary membrane (atrophy)5. Cilio-iridic circulation

j. Posterior chamber

52

k. Ciliary body1. Tissue origin (mesoderm, neural crest)2. Development of pars ciliaris retinae (epithelial layers)3. Development of ciliary processes, ciliary muscles, ciliary vessels

l. Lens zonules1. Zonule development2. Tissue induction and interaction (effect on development of

vitreous, iris, cornea, retina)3. Mechanism of lens fibre orientation4. Stages of lens vesicle development (lens placode, lens pit, lens

vesicles)5. Stages of lens fibre development6. Developmental nuclei (embryonic, foetal, infantile)7. Zones of development of lens epithelium

m. Choroid1. Tissue origin (paraxial mesoderm, neural crest cells)2. Development of choroidal vasculature (3 stages)3. Development of Bruch's membrane

n. Vitreous1. Primary vitreous (hyaloid canal, tissue origin, tissue

characteristics)2. Secondary vitreous (tissue origin, tissue characteristics)3. Tertiary vitreous (tissue origin, tissue characteristics)

o. Retina1. Development of optic cup2. Analogies between development of retina and central nervous

system3. Foetal fissure (formation, function, fusion)4. Retinal differentiation (Stages I, II, III, proliferation, migration,

differentiation)5. Macular differentiation6. Retinal circulation development (hyaloid system, central retinal

artery/vein)7. Postnatal events

p. Optic nerve and visual pathway1. Developmental stages of lower visual pathway, before lateral

geniculate body (differences between crossed and uncrossed fibres)

2. Myelination of the visual pathway (lower visual pathways vs. upper visual pathway)

3. Relationship between development of upper visual pathway and central vision.

53

Section 3. Ocular Physiology/Neurophysioiogy

a. Circulation1. Haemodynamic patterns (resistance, transmural pressure,

flow rate, critical closing pressures)2. Autoregulation3. Autonomic nervous system control4. Unique environment of the eye (high extravascular pressure)5. Uveal blood flow: choroid, ciliary body, iris (unique characteristics

of each, functions of each)6. Retinal blood flow (unique characteristics, dual supply, functions)

b. Eyelids1. Normal closure of eyelids (forced, spontaneous)2. Blink reflexes (spontaneous, menace, auditory, touch, dazzle)3. Role of eyelids in production, distribution and drainage of tears4. Protective functions of eyelids

c Tears1. Functions of tears (optical, antimicrobial, nutritional, etc.)2. Composition of tears (layer theories)3. Function of each layer of tears4. Source of each layer of tears5. Basic tear secretion (variation with age, gender, medication etc.)6. Reflex tear secretion7. Tear film stability8. Rheology of tears

d. Cornea1. Physical characteristics (water content, protein content, cells,

resistance to trauma)2. Permeability characteristics of various layers3. Metabolic characteristics of various layers4. Theories of corneal transparency5. Factors influencing corneal thickness/hydration (osmolarity of

tears, integrity of epithelium and endothelium, epithelial and endothelial pumps)

6. Physiological parameters necessary to maintain corneal integrity (oxygen level, glucose level, pH, etc.)

7. Epithelial regeneration (normal and response to trauma)8. Physiological characteristics of corneal nerves9. Ageing changes of the cornea

e. Intraocular pressure1. Mean pressure2. Diurnal variation3. Factors controlling aqueous production (capillary pressure, active

transport)4. Factors controlling aqueous outflow (IOP, episcleral venous

pressure)5. Nervous system regulation of IOP6. Systemic factors influencing IOP (blood osmolarity, body position,

blood pH, blood pressure)

54

f. Aqueous1. Functions of aqueous2. Volume, osmolarity, viscosity3. Formation (ultrafiltration, active transport)4. Factors influencing rate of flow5. Composition6. Blood aqueous barriers (location, ultrastructure, function)

g. Lacrimal apparatus1. Regulation of basic tear secretion2. Regulation of reflex tear secretion3. Distribution of tears4. Drainage of tears (role of Horner's muscle)

h. Pupillary pathways1. Sympathetic pathway to iris2. Parasympathetic pathway to iris3. Functional relationships between pupiliary pathways and central

nervous systemi. Lens

1. Functions of lens2. Composition of lens3. Difference in composition between lens and aqueous4. Metabolism of lens (various pathways essential to the lens)5. Types of lens proteins6. Factors which regulate size and solubility of the lens proteins

(Vitamin C, glutathione)7. Theories of lens transparency8. Mitotic activity of lens epithelium9. Ageing changes in composition of the lens

j. Choroid1. Functions of choroid2. Physiological relationships between choroid and retina

k. Vitreous1. Functions2. Composition3. Metabolism4. Ageing changes in composition5. Physical characteristics (volume, water content, transparency)

l. Retina1. Composition of disc outer segments2. Formation of disc outer segments (disc renewal, disc shedding)3. Composition of visual pigments4. Formation of visual pigments5. Stages of visual cycle6. Photoreceptor electrophysiology (membrane potentials, dark

current role of sodium, calcium, etc.)7. Retinal neurotransmitters8. Function of bipolar, horizontal, amacrine and ganglion cells

(receptive fields)9. Retinal neural mechanisms of colour vision (spatial, temporal and

chromatic)

55

m. Visual pathway1. Function of lateral geniculate body2. Receptive fields of cells in lateral geniculate body (relationship to

colour vision, binocularity, space perception, etc.)3. Function of visual cortex4. Receptive field properties (single cell properties)5. Functional organisation of visual cortex6. Physiology of binocular vision7. Mechanism of feature detection

n. Extraocular muscles1. Visual-vestibular interactions (vestibulo-ocular reflex, optokinetic

reflex)2. Supranuclear control of eye movements.

56

CLINICAL SCIENCE

Systemic Conditions

Section 1. General Pathology

a. Inflammation and repair1. Vascular and cellular changes in acute inflammation2. Causes of histological changes in chronic inflammation3. Causes and features of granulomatous inflammation4. Resolution of acute and chronic inflammation5. Events and local factors affecting wound healing and repair6. Systemic factors affecting the rate of wound healing.

b. Immunopathology1 Types of immunologic injury (mechanisms, cell components)2. Tissue transplantation and graft rejection (mechanisms)3. Tumour immunology4. Monoclonal disorders of the immune system5. Non-specific mediators (e.g., complement, lymphokines)

c. Host defences and responses to infection1. PMN, macrophage and eosinophil function2. Chemotaxis. phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity of these cells3. Role of antibody in phagocytosis and destruction of micro-

organismsd. Cellular disease

1. Cell injury (reversible and irreversible)2. Morphologic changes associated with cell injury or death3. Apoptosis

e. Genetic principles and disorders1. Cytogenetics (mitosis, miosis, chromosomes)2. Autosomal dominant inheritance (criteria for recognition)3. Autosomal recessive inheritance (criteria for recognition)4. X-linked inheritance (criteria for recognition)5. Development syndromes (characteristics, genetic basis)6. Congenital anomalies (characteristics, genetic basis)

f. Neoplasia1. Histogenesis of neoplasms2. Classification of neoplasms3. Causes of neoplasms (Viral, chemical, radiation)4. Differences between benign and malignant tumours5. Effects of tumour on host, oncogenes, agents

g. Integument system1. Infectious diseases2. Neoplastic diseases (benign, pre-malignant, and malignant)3. Pigmented lesions

h. Haematopoietic and lymphoid system1. Disorders of RBC, WBC (non-neoplastic)2. Neoplastic disorders of WBC-leukemias3. Non-neoplastic disorders of lymph nodes4. Neoplastic disorders of lymph nodes

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i. Respiratory system1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema2. Infectious diseases of the lung3. Neoplastic diseases of the lung4. Interstitial diseases

j. Gastrointestinal system1. Disorders of the stomach (gastritis, ulcers)2. Disorders of the intestines and colon (enteritis, colitis)3. Neoplastic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract

k. Cardiovascular haemodynamic disorders1. Congestion, oedema (causes, characteristics)2. Shock (classification, causes, complications)3. Thromboembolism (classification, causes, complications)4. Systemic hypertension (causes, complications)5. Arterosclerosis (causes, development, complications)6. Aneurysms (classification, development, complications)

l. Heart disease1. Coronary artery disease (causes, complications)2. Hypertensive heart disease (causes, complications)3. Streptococcal infections and nonsupprative sequelae

a. Rheumatic fever (causes, clinical features, pathologic features)

b. Glomerular nephritis (causes, clinical features, pathalogic features)

c. Endocarditis (causes, clinical features, pathologic feature)4. Cardiomyopathies (causes. clinical features. pathologic features)

m. Endocrine diseases1. Diabetes (classification. pathology, clinical manifestations)2. Hyperthyroidism3. Hypothyroidism4. Goitres, Graves' disease5. Hyperparathyroidism6. Hypoparathyroidism7. Hyperpituitarism8. Hypopituitarism9. Hypercorticism (Cushing's disease)10. Hypocorticism (Addison's disease)11. Disorders of adrenal medulla (pheochromocytoma)

n. Nervous system and neuromuscular diseases1. Cerebrovascular disease, stroke2. Headaches3. Infectious diseases of the central nervous system4. Nervous system neoplasms5. Muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy6. Demyelinating diseases7. Leukocidystrophies, gangliosidoses8. Alzheimer’s disease9. Trauma, closed head injuries

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o. Nutritional disorders1. Malabsorption2. Alcoholism3. Vitamin deficiencies4. Trace minerals

p. Congenital and neonatal anomalies1. Cerebral palsy2. Foetal alcohol syndrome

Section 2. Congenital/Hereditary Conditions

a. Symptoms and signs of common genetic disorders (Down's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, congenital heart disease, and other chromosomal anomalies)

b. Symptoms and signs of common congenital disorder (foetal alcohol syndrome, rubella, syphillis, toxoplasmosis)

c. Medical laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging

Section 3. Epidemiology and Biostatistics

a. Epidemiological data1. Incidence and prevalence2. Odds ratio3. Relative risk4. Indices of health5. Measures of central tendency and variability

b. Screening concepts1. Sensitivity and specificity2. Predictive value3. Yield

c. Major epidemiological studiesd. Research design

1. Descriptive and experimental studies2. Case-control studies3. Cross-sectional studies4. Cohort studies (prospective and retrospective)

e. Morbidity and mortality1. General morbidity and mortality patterns2. General distribution of eye and vision disorders3. Legal blindness (age-specific causes, age-specific rates)

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CLINCIAL SCIENCE

Ocular Disease and Trauma

Section 1. Ocular Pharmacology

a. General Principles1. Factors affecting ocular drug bioavailability2. Routes of ocular drug administration

b. Autonomic Drugs1. Functional concepts and ocular receptor types2. Ocular cholinergic agents3. Ocular adrenergic agents

c. Local anaesthetics1. Properties of topical ocular anaesthetics

d. Antihistaminese. Anti-inflammatory agents

1. Steriods2. Non-steriods (including mast cell stabilizers)

f. Chemotherapeutic Agents1. Antimicrobials2. Antivirals3. Antifungals

g. Dyes1. Topical diagnostic agents2. Oral and intravenous agents

h. Hyperosmotic agents1. Topical ocular agents

i. Lubricants and tear substitutesj. Preparations used with contact lensesk. Toxicology

1. Ocular effects from topical ocular drug administration2. Ocular effects from systemic drug administration3. Systemic effects from ocular drug administration

Section 2 Ocular Abnormality

a. Epidemiology, history and symptom inventoryb. Observation, inspection, recognition of signs, and techniques:

1. Palpation of relevant structures2. Lid eversion3. Tonus and strength testing of facial and lid muscles by the

third and seventh cranial nerves4. Tests for integrity of the fifth cranial nerve5. Testing for facial anhidrosis6. Sinus evaluation, discharge, fever, etc.)7. Biomicroscopic appearance of relevant structures in health and disease8. External photography and documentation9. Signs and symptoms of related systemic diseases

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c. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management options, and prognosisa) Epidemiology, history and symptom inventoryb) Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management options, and prognosis

a) b) and c) above applied to the following sections:

Section 3. Ocular Adnexa

Section 4. Conjunctiva

Section 5. Cornea

Section 6. Sclera/Epsiclera

Section 7. Anterior Uvea (Iris and Ciliary Body)

Section 8. Pupillary, Accommodative and Refractive Pathology

Section 9. Orbit

Section 10. Anterior Chamber, Angle Structure and Abnormal IOP

Section 11. Lens/Aphakia/Pseudophakia

Section 12. Posterior Pole

Section 13. Peripheral Fundus/Vitreous

Section 14. Optic Nerve Pathology Section 15. Lacrimal System

Section 16. Sensory Neuro-Visual Pathology

Section 17. Oculoneuropathology

a) Epidemiology, history and symptom inventoryb) Observation, inspection, recognition of signs, and techniques

1 Direct ophthalmoscopy2. Indirect ophthalmoscopy3. Family history4. Biomicroscopy with fundus lenses5. Ophthalmodynamometry6. Colour vision testing7. Photo-stress testing8. Amsler grid testing9. Visual fields10. Dark adaptometry11. Contrast sensitivity testing12. Retinal photography

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13. Basic interpretation of special studies (ECG, ERG, VER, intravenous fluorescein angiography, ultrasound)

14. Retinal integrity testing with opaque media15. Signs and symptoms of related systemic diseases

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CLINICAL SCIENCE

Refractive/Oculomotor /Sensory Integrative Conditions

Section 1. Human Development

a. Normal vision development in the infant and child1. Visual acuity2. Contrast sensitivity3. Refractive status4. Colour vision5. Spectral transmission of the ocular media6. Light sensitivity7. Form reproduction and perception

b. Normal motor development in the infant and child1. Gross motor/language developmental milestones2. Oculomotor system3. Visual perceptual-motor abilities

c. Normal cognitive and social development in the infant and childd. Effects of early environmental restrictions

1. Plasticity of the system2. Animal models3. Light and pattern deprivation4. Monocular and binocular deprivation5. Refractive error6. Cataract

e. Normal changes in vision with ageing1. Visual acuity2. Contrast sensitivity3. Refractive error4. Colour vision5. Spectral transmission of the ocular media6. Light sensitivity7. Glare (disability and discomfort)8. Dark adaptation, glare recovery9. Visual fields10. Critical flicker fusion frequency11. Accommodation and convergence

Section 2. Anomalies of Child Development

a. Epidemiology; history and signs/symptoms manifest by patients in the age ranges noted

b. Clinical characteristics of children who deviate from normal patterns of development, and epidemiology of developmental disorders1. Mental abilities2. Sensory abilities (vision and hearing handicaps)3. Neuromuscular and physical abilities4. Personal-social behaviours5. Speech and language abilities

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6. Multiple handicaps7. Specific learning disabilities

c. Tests that diagnose vision problems which may be associated with deviations from normal patterns of development1. Mental abilities2. Sensory abilities (vision and hearing handicaps)3. Neuromuscular and physical abilities4. Personal-social behaviours5. Speech and language abilities6. Multiple handicaps7. Specific learning disabilities

d. Rôle of the optometrist and other disciplines in screening, evaluating, managing and referring children who deviate from normal patterns of development1. Mental abilities2. Sensory abilities (vision and hearing handicaps)3. Neuromuscular and physical abilities4. Personal-social behaviours5. Speech and language abilities6. Multiple handicaps7. Specific learning disabilities

Section 3 Anomalies of Colour Vision (Congenital, Inherited)

a. Colour vision anomalies by type and prevalence1. Anomalous trichromacy2. Dichromacy3. Monochromacy

b. Colour vision tests used for both screening and diagnosis of congenital colour vision anomalies1. Pseudoisochromatic (PIC) tests2. Arrangement tests (Fransworth Panel D-15, Fansworth-Munsell

100-Hue)3. Anomaloscopic matching

c. Conditions for colour vision testingd. Societal implications of colour vision anomalies

1. Educational2. Occupational requirements3. Patient interest

e. Patient management strategies1. Counselling2. Special aids

Section 4. Environmental Vision

a. Visual demands on individuals1. Occupation2. Avocation

b. Influence of environmental changes on visual performancec. Legislation relating to eye protection.

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CLINICAL SCIENCERefraction


a. Refractive state of the eye1. Emmetropia2. Myopia3. Hyperopia4. Astigmatism5. Anisometropia and aniseikonia6. Accommodation7. Aphakia and pseudophakia (optics of intraocular implants)8. Empty field and night myopia

b. Mechanisms of presbyopia1. Effects of ageing on the ciliary muscle and accommodation

Section 2 Anomalies of Refraction/Ametropia

a. Epidemiology, history and symptom inventoryb. Observation and recognition of clinical signs, and techniques and skills

including determination of:1. Interpupillary distance2. Visual acuity3. Objective static and dynamic refractive status, including automatic

refractive devices4. Standard subjective refraction procedures, including astigmatic

dials, crossed cylinders, stenopaic slit, fogging methods, duochrome and accommodation balance (equalisation) techniques

5. Binocular subjective refraction procedures, including binocular balancing

6. Cycloplegic subjective and objective techniques7. Automatic computer assisted subjective procedures and

variations in procedures for the various ametropiasc. Identification, treatment and management using spectacle and contact

lenses including prognosis

Section 3 Anomalies of Refraction/Presbyopia


for determining the near add including:1. Amplitude of accommodation2. Crossed cylinders3. Trial lenses4. PRA/NRA (Positive Relative Accommodation/Negative Relative)

c. Identification, treatment and management with spectacle and contact lenses and prognosis

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Section 4 Anomalies of Refraction, Aphakia and Pseudophakia

a. Epidemiology, history and symptom inventoryb. Observation and recognition of clinical signs and phenomena associated

with aphakia and pseudophakia:1. Magnification2. Field of view3. Spatial distortion4. Convergence demands5. Sensitivity to glare

c. Techniques and skills for determining, evaluating and/or verifying:1. Types and characteristics of intraocular lenses and aphakic

spectacle and contact lenses2. Intraocular lens power3. Special refraction techniques4. Aphakic lens prescription

d. Diagnosis, treatment and management with spectacle and contact lenses including prognosis

e. Principles of refractive surgery

Section 5 Visual Impairment


for determining a correction:1. Visual acuity2. Special refraction techniques3. Visual fields4. Reading skills5. Effects of illumination6. Magnification determination7. In-office evaluation with low vision devices

c. Identification, treatment and management of low vision patients, and prognosis 1. Analysis and interpretation of personal, social, vocational, and

psychological patient needs and factors2. Prescribing low vision devices3. Patient education and training4. Roles and relationships with other disciplines5. Prognostic factors and follow-up care

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CLINICAL SCIENCE

Binocular Vision

Section 1 Ocular Motility

a. Extraocular musculature1. Purpose and roles for vision2. Dynamics and kinematics of eye movements3. Specification of direction of gaze and ocular orientation (torsion)4. Agonist-antagonist relationships5. Primary action, and secondary and tertiary actions6. Fields of action

b. Characteristics and control of the various eye movements1. Versional eye movements (pursuits and saccades)2. Vergence eye movements (tonic, accommodative including

models of accommodative/vergence interaction, fusional and proximal)

3. Nystagmus including optokinetic and vestibular

Section 2. Human Development

a. Normal visual development in the infant and child 1. Accommodation and convergence2. Stereopsis

b. Effects of early environmental restrictions1. Strabismus2. Deprivational Amblyopia

c. Normal changes in vision with ageing1. Accommodation and convergence2. Oculomotor system

Section 3 Sensory Anomalies of Binocular Vision/Strabismus

a. Epidemiology, history and symptom inventoryb. Observation and recognition of clinical signs and techniques and skills to

test:1. Monocular fixation2. Amblyopia3. Sensory fusion and stereopsis4. Fixation disparity5. Anomalous correspondence6. Suppression

c. Identification, treatment and management procedures, including prognosis1. Spectacle and contact lens applications (including prisms)2. Vision training

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CLINICAL SCIENCE

Contact Lenses

Section 1.

a. Observation and recognition of clinical signs, and techniques and skills including determination of:1. Corneal topography and thickness2. Integrity of anterior eye and adnexia

Section 2. Contact Lens Applications

a. Treatment and management of refractive/ocularmotor/sensory integrative conditions using contact lenses1. Lens types and materials: rigid lenses; scleral; lathe-cut, moulded,

and spincast soft lenses2. Optics of contact lenses: curves, zones, widths and tear lens

effects, sagittal depth; centre and edge thickness; flexure, aspheric and toric designs

3. Basic theories and methods of fitting: lens design, specifications of orders, lens verification and evaluation, insertion and removal techniques, design of wearing schedules, fluorescein evaluation and fitting criteria

4. Patient selection based upon history, analysis of primary care data, correlation’s of data, facial physiognomy, and contraindications; and management based upon education and patient handling and control

5. The examination of a new prospective contact lens patient, the anterior segment examination and measurement

6. Contact lens selection from presently available types and forms of lenses

7. Care of lenses, handling, cleaning, preservatives available, disinfecting methods and solutions

8. Follow-up care; adaptation, physiologic and post-fitting complications, allergic responses, lens induced changes and mechanical problems

9. Bifocal and astigmatic contact lenses; types, basis of selection and adaptation, techniques of fitting, and care

10. Specially designed lenses and fitting procedures for keratoconus and irregular corneas, sports vision, therapeutic use, cosmetic (prosthetic) use, iris colour changes and colour vision deficiencies

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CLINICAL SCIENCE

Ocular Motility

Section 1

a. The intraocular musculature (iris and ciliary)1. Purposes and roles for vision2. Dynamics of muscle action3. Biomechanics and neurological control of pupillary reflexes and

accommodation4. Inter relationships between pupilliary changes, accommodation,

and convergence (the near reflex)5. Factors affecting pupil size

b. Extraocular musculature1. Purpose and roles for vision2. Dynamics and kinematics of eye movements3. Specification of direction of gaze and ocular orientation (torsion)4. Agonist-antagonist relationships5. Primary action, and secondary and tertiary actions6. Fields of action

c. Characteristics and control of the various eye movements1 Reflex eye movements, including compensatory movements2. Small eye movements associated with steady fixation3. Versional eye movements (pursuits and saccades)4. Vergence eye movements (tonic, accommodative including models of

accommodative/vergence interaction. fusional, and proximal)5. Nystagmus including optokinetic and vestibular

d. Adnexal musculature1. Purposes and roles for vision2. Characteristics3. Lid reflexes

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PATIENT CARE AND HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Section 1 - United Kingdom

a. Legal framework of optometry in the UK1. Common Law2. Statute Law3. European Law

b. National Health Service and Health Care Delivery Systems1. General Ophthalmic Service2. Secondary Health Care Systems

c. Practice Management1. Legislation relating to: partnerships, employees, consumers,

health and safety and data protection2. Financial management

d. Communication Skills1. with patients2. other health care professionals3. statutory bodies

e. Key skills1. IT2. presentational3. arbitration 4. interpersonal relations

Section 2 - European Legislation

a. Legislation relating to the recording and supply of:1. spectacle lens2. spectacle frames3. contact lens 4. contact lens care products

b. Mutual recognition of qualifications:1. 1st General Directive on the mutual recognition of

Professional Diplomas2. 2nd General Directive on the mutual recognition of

Professional Diplomas

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APPENDIX IBASIC SCIENCE

Human Biology

Section 1. Gross Anatomy

a. Head and neck1. Skull (bones, sutures; fossae, foramina, cranial fossae, temporo-

mandibular joint)2. Superficial and deep arteries, veins and lymphatics3. Muscles of facial expression and mastication4. Muscles of the neck (platysma, sternocleidomastoid, trapezium)5. Peripheral cranial nerve distributions6. Cervical triangles and their contents, root of neck, thyroid and

parathyroid glands7. Salivary glands8. Nose (framework, cavities, contents)9. Paranasal sinuses and their relations to the orbit and orbital

contents10. Ear (outer ear, middle ear, walls, muscles, inner ear)11. Dural venous sinuses, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid

b. Thorax1. Lungs (lobes, hilar structures, pleura, bronchopulmonary

segments, bronchial tree)2. Pulmonary circulation3. Heart (surfaces, coronary circulation, pericardium, chambers,

valves, conduction system)4. Superior mediastinum (great vessels, trachea, oesophagus,

vagus and phrenic nerves)c. Abdomen/pelvis

1. Liver (concept of a portal system)2. Accessory digestive organs (gall bladder, pancreas)3. Other internal organs (spleen, kidney, suprarenal gland, urinary

bladder)4. Gastro intestinal system (oesophagus, stomach, large and small

bowel)d. Systemic circulation of blood and lymph

Section 2. Histology

a. Tissues1. Cell

a) Molecular components, unit membraneb) Organelles (plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum,

ribosomes, Golgi complex, mitochondria, lysosomes, microtubules, micro-filaments, centrioles)

c) Inclusions (metabolites, pigments, crystals)d) Nucleus (membrane, karyoplasm, chromatin, nucleolus)e) Cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate

filaments)

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2. Epitheliuma) Simple vs. stratified (pseudostratified)b) Squamous, cuboid or columnarc) Surface specialisations (microvilli, cilia, basal body)d) Cell junctionse) Basal specialisation (basal infoldings, basal lamina

hemidesmosomes)3. Glands

a) Uni-cellular vs. multi-cellularb) Exocrine vs. endocrinec) Secretory unit-mode of secretiond) Connective tissue element

4. Connective tissuea) Cellsb) Extracellular matrix (fibres, ground substances)c) Categories (loose, dense regular, irregular)d) Specialised types (bone, cartilage, blood)

5. Musclea) Smooth (cell shape, size. organelles, tissue organisation,

fine structure, innervation)b) Striated (cell shape, size, organelles, tissue organisation,

the distinction between red and white fibres, fine structure, innervation)

c) Cardiac (cell shape, size, organelles, tissue organisation, fine structure, innervation)

6. Blooda) Plasma (composition)b) Cells (RBC, agranular WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes,

granular WBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)c) Plateletsd) Lymphoid tissue (nodules, nodes, thymus, spleen)

7. Nervea) Neuron (perikaryon, nucleus, organelles, inclusions)b) Classification (processes, Golgi type, axons, dendrites)c) Gangliad) Sheaths (myelin)e) Neurogliaf) Synapse

8. Receptorsa) Free nerve endingsb) Encapsulated nerve endings (Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner

corpuscles, Krause end bulbs, Merkel's discs, Ruffini corpuscles, Golgi tendon organs, muscle spindles)

9. Blood vesselsa) Capillaries (ultrastructure)b) Arteries (ultrastructure)c) Veins (ultrastructure)d) Lymphatic vesselse) Portal systems

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b. Organs1. Integumentary system

a) Skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis)b) Cutaneous glands (sebaceous, sweat)c) Vessels and nerves

2. Hearta) Endocardiumb) Myocardiumc) Epicardiumd) Cardiac skeletone) Valvesf) Conduction systemg) Coronary vessels

3. Respiratory systema) Nose (mucosa, conchae, olfactory region)b) Paranasal air sinuses (diploic bone)c) Nasopharynx (mucosa, lymphatic tissue, muscle)d) Larynx (mucosa, vocal folds, glands, cartilage)e) Trachea (mucosa, cartilage)f) Lungs (pleura, bronchi and bronchioles mucosa and

submucosa, alveoli, vascular tree, lobules)4. Gastrointestinal system

a) Oral cavity (lips, cheek, tongue and taste buds, tonsils and teeth)

b) Salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, sublingual)c) Digestive tract (mucosa, submucosa, muscularis,

serosa/adventitia: oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum. ileum, colon, rectum, anal canal. appendix)

d) Digestive glands (exocrine pancreas, liver, gall bladder: secretory unit, internal organisation, duct pattern, blood supply)

5. Renal systema) Kidney (capsule, cortex, medulla, pelvis, hilus,

nephron, renal corpuscle, proximal and distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henlé, collecting tubules, blood supply)

c. Histogenesis1. Epithelium

a) Formation and differentiation of ectoderm and endoderm in the embryonic period (human embryology, weeks 1-12)

2. Connective tissuea) Hematopoiesis (red cells, white cells, platelets)

3. Musclea) Myoblast differentiation and migrationb) Myofilament synthesisc) Cardiogenesis

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Section 3. Neuroscience

a. Neurohistology1. Histogenesis in the nervous system

a) Neural plate, neural fold, neural groove, neural tube, neural vesicles

b) Derivatives of neural crest (ganglia, glia, adrenal medulla, melanocytes)

c) Layers or neural tube (ependymal, mantle marginal)2. Degeneration and regeneration in the nervous system

b. Electrophysiology of the nerve cell3. Basis of resting potential (ionic balance, transport mechanisms)4. Basis of action potential (ionic balance)5. Action potential conduction6. Synapses, classification, transmission7. Membrane physiology receptors, membrane channels8. Inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (including

concepts of spatial and temporal summation)9. Strength - duration curve

c. Neuroanatomy1. Spinal cord

a) Grey matter (ventral, lateral and dorsal horns, nuclei, local reflex arcs)

b) White matter (ascending pathways, descending pathways)c) Spinal nerves/paravertebral ganglia

2. Autonomic nervous systema) Parasympathetic (location of cell bodies, cranial nerves,

pathways, functions)b) Sympathetic (location of cells bodies. pathways, functions)c) Neurotransmitters (various types; locations)

3. Medullaa) Level of motor decussation (nuclei, tracts)b) Level of sensory decussation (nuclei, tracts)c) Level of inferior olives (nuclei, tracts)d) Level of high medulla (nuclei, tracts)e) Dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleif) Vestibular nuclei

4. Ponsa) Low or caudal pons (nuclei, fibres, tracts)b) Abducent nerve (function, connections)c) Mid pons (nuclei, fibres, tracts)d) Trigeminal nerve (function, central connections)e) Facial nerve (function, central connections)

5. Midbraina) Level of inferior colliculus (nuclei, tracts)b) Trochlear nerve (functions, central connections)c) Level of superior colliculus (nuclei, tracts, e.g. red nucleus)d) Oculomotor nerve (functions, central connections)e) Level of pretectum (light reflex)

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6. Diencephalona) Dorsal thalamus (nuclei, thalamo-cortical connections)b) Hypothalamus (components, functions, pituitary)c) Epithalamus (components)d) Subthalamus (components)

7. Cerebruma) Grey matter (cytoarchitecture layers, Brodmann's cortical

areas)b) White matter (projections, internal capsule, optic radiations,

commissural fibres, associational fibres)8. Cerebellum

a) Nuclei (dentate, emboliform, globose, fastigium)b) Connections (peduncles)c) Functions (posture, muscle tone, co-ordination)

9. Blood supplya) Surface arteries (e.g., anterior, middle, and posterior

cerebral arteries)b) Circle of Willis and its branches

10. Functional systems (e.g., visual, auditory, somesthetic, limbic)d. Neurophysiology

1. Integration of nerve signals (synaptic processes, reflexes, feedback, adaptation and habituation)

2. Sensory coding (receptor potentials, uni- and multi-modal units, receptive fields)

3. Somatosensory system (transmission of tactile, proprioceptive, temperature and pain sensations)

4. Auditory system (functions of middle ear and cochlea, central auditory mechanisms)

5. Vestibular system (function of vestibular apparatus, brainstem mechanisms of vestibulo-ocular and postural reflexes)

6. Motor pathways (spinal reflexes, muscle spindles, control of movement by the motor cortex, the cerebellum, the basal ganglia and brainstem structures)

7. Autonomic nervous system (including function of adrenal medulla and central regulation of visceral function)

8. Significance of evoked potentials, CT and PET scanning and MRI

Section 4. General Biochemistry

a. Cellular biochemistry1. Compartmentalisation2. Cell organelles3. Intracellular/extracellular4. Cell communication

b. Proteins1. Structure and Types

a) Alpha amino acids, peptide bondb) Primary, secondary, tertiary structurec) Multimers

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d) Globulare) Enzymesf) Antibodiesg) Connective-tissue/collagen

2. Mechanism of Enzyme actiona) Biocatalysisb) Free energy, activation energyc) Michaelis-Menton Model, equationsd) Allosterisme) Competitive and non-competitive inhibition, positive and

negative feedback modulationf) Enzyme cascadesg) Haemoglobin, lysozyme, ATCase and serine proteases

c. Bioenergetics and energy storage1. Endergonic, exergonic and coupled reactions2. Oxidation-reduction3. pH and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, biological buffers4. ATP and other Nucleotide phosphates5. NADH and FADH6. NADPH7. Acetyl CoA

d. Carbohydrate biochemistry1. Structure and function

a) Monosaccharidesb) Polysaccharides/glycogenc) Glycosaminesd) Proteoglycans

2. Glycolysis3. TCA cycle4. Pentose monophosphate shunt5. Gluconeogenesis10 Glycogen synthesis, storage and utilization11 Oxidative phosphorylation12 Mitochondrial structure13 Electron transport/pH coupling

e. Lipid biochemistry1. Structure and function

a) Fatty acidsb) Tri-acylglycerolsc) Phospholipids, sphigomyelins, gangliosidesd) Cholesterol and steroid hormones

2. Fatty acid degradation/beta oxidationa) Ketone bodies/gluconeogensis

3. Fatty acid synthesisa) Saturated via phosphotidyl intermediatesb) Unsaturation and elongation beyond C-16

4. Sterol synthesisa) AcetylCoA and mevalonateb) VLDL, LDL, HDL control and transportc) Steroid hormone biosynthesis

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5. Membrane biochemistrya) Unit membrane/lipid bi-layerb) Fluid mosaic modelc) Membrane proteins/structure and function

f. Molecular Biology1. DNA structure and function

a) Deoxymononucleotides and synthesisb) Base pairing/double helixc) Genetic codelintrons, exonsd) Chromosome structure

2. RNA structure and functiona)b) Ribonucleotides and synthesisc) Messenger RNA synthesis and functiond) Ribasomal RNA synthesis and functione) Transfer RNA synthesis and function

3. DNA replicationa) DNA polymerasesb) Helicases and ligasesc) Restriction enzymes

4. Protein synthesisa) Ribosome functionb) Initiation, elongation and terminationc) Promoters, operators, polyA and post-transcriptional

modificationd) TRNA function/anti-codonse) Post-translational modification/extracellular transport

g. Biochemistry of specialised tissues1. Hormones and growth factors

a) Synthesisb) Actionsc) Receptors/secondary messengersd) Oncogenes

2. Musclea) Actin, myosin, tropomyosin, calmodulinb) Mechanism of contraction/Ca+ion

3. Immune systema) Structure of immunoglobulinsb) Antibody/antigen reactionsc) Molecular basis of variation/clonal selectiond) Processing of antigens

4. Livera) Glycogen synthesis, storage and utilisationb) Detoxification and portal circulationc) Lipid regulation

5. Nervesa) Na+/K+ balance/transport/channelsb) Myelinc) Neurotransmitters

1. Acetylcholine

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2. Catecholamines3. Glycine and GABA

d) Receptors6. Eye

a) Vitamin A, retinolb) and rhodopsinc) Light reactions/vision

h. Nutrition1. Digestion of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids2. Essential amino acids3. Vitamins

a) Water-soluble/role in co-enzymesb) Fat-solublec) Antioxidants/control of free radicals, perioxide, superoxidesd) Toxicity

4. Minerals

Section 5. General Physiology/Neurophysioiogy

a. Cellular functions1. Cytoplasm and cytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments)2. Functions of organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi

complex, lysosomes, mitochondria)3. Cellular environment (intracellular and extracellular)4. Membrane potential and transport mechanisms5. Membrane receptors and postreceptor events

b. Respiration1. Mechanics of breathing2. Gas exchange in the lungs3. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide4. Oxygen transport and hypoxia, carbon dioxide transport5. Regulation of respiratory rate6. Acid-base balance

c. Gastrointestinal activity1. Absorption2. Motility3. Regulation (nervous and hormonal control)4. Gastric, pancreatic and biliary secretions

d. Muscle1. Neuromuscular junctions2. Conduction and contraction3. Types of contraction (isometric, isotonic)4. Reflex arc (muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organ)5. Smooth muscle

e. Body fluids1. Composition of body fluids2. Control systems of the body (exchange of water and electrolytes

between body compartments)3. Regulation of volume and osmolarity of extracellular fluid

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f. Renal system and body fluids1. Nephron, tubular reabsorption and secretion2. Regulation of glomerular filtration3. Functional characteristics of renal blood vessels4. Renal regulatory mechanisms5. Renal control of blood pressure and water balance6. Renal control of plasma sodium and potassium levels7. Regulation of acid-base balance

g. Circulatory system1. Mechanical events of cardiac cycle2. Electrical activity of the heart (pacemaker potentials, action

potentials and spread of activity)3. Significance of ECG4. Heamodynamics (flow, pressure and resistance relationships)5. Regulation of blood flow and pressure (autonomic, hormonal, and

local)6. Lymph formation and function7. Blood and its functions (including cell functions, haemostasis)

h. Endocrine system1. Hormones (mechanism of action, control)2. Hypothalamic control of pituitary gland3. Pituitary control of endocrine glands4. Functions and regulations of adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids,

mineral corticoids, androgens)5. Functions and regulation of adrenal medulla (epinephrine)6. Functions and regulation of thyroid gland (TRH, TSH T3, T4)7. Functions and regulation of pancreatic insulin and glucagon8. Regulation of blood sugar levels9. Functions and regulation of Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and

calcitonin10. Functions and regulation of reproductive hormones11. Pregnancy and lactation12. Functions and regulation of endorphin, encephalin and growth

hormone blood levels

Section 6. General Microbiology

a. Bacteriology1. Eucaryotic vs. procaryotic cells2. Bacterial cell structures and cell wall morphology

a) Biochemical compositionb) Gram (+) vs. Gram (-) characteristicsc) Function in pathogenesis

3. Physiological processes of bacterial growtha) Life cycleb) Anaerobic vs. aerobicc) Spore formation

4. Genetic mechanisms of bacteria5. Normal body flora6. Disease states, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms,

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symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections bya) Gram (+) and Gram (-) cocci and rodsb) Spirochetesc) Actinomycetesd) Mycobacteriae) Chlamydiaf) Rickettsiag) Mycoplasma

7. Laboratory isolation, culture and identification of bacteria8. Procedures for antibiotic susceptibility testing9. Quality control sterilisation and disinfection

b. Virology1. Virus particle chemistry and morphology2. Classification scheme for viruses

a) DNA vs RNA typesb) Double-stranded vs. single-strandedc) Envelopes

3. Genetic mechanisms of viruses4. Viral replication in host cells

a) DNA and RNA viruses, with or without envelopes5. Disease states, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms,

symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections by virusesc. Mycology

1. Biology of fungia) Yeast and mould morphologyb) Asexual and sexual reproduction/structures

2. Disease states, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms, symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections bya) Superficial mycosesb) Cutaneous mycosesc) Subcutaneous mycosesd) Systemic mycosese) Opportunistic yeasts and moulds

d. Parasitology1. Disease states, life cycles, transmission, pathogenic mechanisms,

symptoms, diagnosis and immunity of infections by protozoans, trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and arthropods.

Section 7. General Immunology

a. Antigens (chemistry and origin)b. Antibodies

1. Chemical structure2. Classification3. Immunological functions4. Genetics

c. Antigen-antibody interactionsd. Complement chemistry, function, and pathwayse. Cytokines (origin and function)

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f. Non-specific immunity1. Innate resistance of organ systems2. Phagocytic cell types and inflammation3. Role of complement and antibody4. Interferon

g. Specific immunity1. Cell types, markers and function2. Cell-cell interactions in the immune response3. Humoural immunity4. Cellular immunity5. Primary and secondary immune responses

h. Hypersensitivity responses1. Anaphylactic hypersensitivity2. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity3. Complex-mediated hypersensitivity4. Delayed hypersensitivity

i. Transplantation immunologyj. Immunological tolerancek. AutoimmunityL. Immunodeficiency states

Section 8. General Pharmacology

a. General Principles of pharmacology and toxicity1. Pharmacodynamics

a) Concept of receptorsb) Dose-response relationships

2. Pharmacokineticsa) Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugsb) Quantitative aspectsc) Influencing factors (age, gender, pathology, genetics, diet)

b. Autonomic and/or neuromuscular junction drugs1. Neurohumoural transmission: autonomic and somatic motor

nervous systems2. Adrenergic agonists3. Adrenergic antagonists4. Cholinergic agonists5. Cholinergic antagonists6. Ganglionic agonists and antagonists7. Neuromuscular transmission agonists and antagonists

c. Autocoid agonists and antagonistsd. Drugs affecting the respiratory system

1. Bronchodilators2. Mast cell stabilizers3. Mucolytics

e. Gastrointestinal agentsf. Chemotherapeutic agents

1. Antimicrobial agentsa) Antiseptics and disinfectants

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b) Antibacterialc) Antifungald) Antiparasite

2. Antiviral agents3. Antineoplastic agents

g. lmmunopharmacological agentsh. Anti-inflammatory agents

1 Steroids2. Non-steroids

i. Major drugs acting on the central nervous system1. Neurotransmitters2. Opioid and non-opioid analgesics3. Sedative hypnotics4. Anxiolytics5. Antipsychotics6. Antiparkinsonians7. Antidepressants8. Anticonvulsants9. Skeletal muscle relaxants

j. Local anaestheticsk. Major drugs acting on the endocrine system

1. Adenohypophyseal hormones2. Thyroid and antithyroid drugs3. lnsulin and synthetic antidiabetics4. Oestrogens, progestins and androgens

l. Major cardiovascular drugs1. Antihypertensives2. Agents used to treat CHF (inotropic agents, vasodilators)3. Antiarrhythmics4. Antianginal agents5. Anticoagulants and thrombolytics6. Antihyperlipidemic agents

m. Major drugs acting on the kidneys1. Diuretics2. Uricosuric agents

n. Common over-the-counter drugs1. Vitamins and minerals

o. Toxicologyp. Drug use and metabolism in pregnancy and breast feeding

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APPENDIX II

BASIC SCIENCETheoretical Optics

Section 1 Geometrical Optics

a. Refraction at single plane or spherical surfaces.1. Curvature and sagitta2. Refractive index and rectilinear propagation3. Vergence and dioptric power4. Object-image relationships, including apparent depth5. Ray tracing, nodal point, and nodal ray6. Lateral (translinear) and angular magnification7. Snell’s law of refraction

b. Thin lenses1. Vergence: dioptric and effective power2. Object-image relationships3. Lateral (translinear) and angular magnification4. Thin lens systems5. Prismatic effect (Prentice’s rule and prism effectivity)6. Ray tracing, optical centre, and optic axis

c. Thick lenses1. Cardinal points2. Vertex power and equivalent power3. Lateral (translinear) and angular magnification4. Reduced systems

d. Aberrations1. Spherical2. Coma3. Oblique astigmatism4. Curvature of field5. Distortion6. Chromatic (longitudinal and lateral)

e. Stops, pupillae and ports1. Entrance and exit pupillae (size and location)2. Depth of focus, depth of field, hyperfocal distance3. Field of view and half illumination

f. Spherocylindrical lenses1. Location of foci, image planes, principal meridians, and circle of

least confusion2. Obliquely crossed spherocylindrical lenses3. Transposition4. Prismatic effectg. Thin prisms1. Unit of measurement (prism dioptre)2. Prism deviation3. Combination of thin prisms4. Resolution of oblique prisms into horizontal and vertical

components5. Total internal reflection

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h. Mirrors1. Planar and spherical reflection2. Proportion of light reflected from a surface (Fresnel’s law)3. Focal power, focal length and curvature4. Object-image relationships5. Magnification6. Lens/mirror systems7. Ray tracing

i. Ophthalmic and optical instruments1. Direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes2. Retinoscope3. Focimeter4. Biomicroscope5. Radiuscope6. Keratometer7. Diagnostic lenses (gonioscopic, fundus etc)

Section 2. Physical Optics

a. Wave optics1. Characteristics of wave motion2. Classifications of the electromagnetic spectrum3. Total and partial coherence4. Diffraction (single slit, circular aperture, limits of resolution, zone

plates)5. Interference (double slit, multiple slits, thin film, anti-reflective

coatings, holography)6. Scattering (Rayleigh vs. Tyndall)7. Dispersion

b. Interaction of light and matter1. Atomic energy levels, absorption and emission line spectra2. Continuous spectra (Black body radiator and grey body radiator

characteristics)3. Fluorescence (photon, energy levels)4. Laser (theory of operation, speckle pattern)5. Spectral transmission

c. Polarisation1. Linearly polarised light2. Circular and elliptical polarisation3. Polarisation by reflection (glare reduction, Brewster’s law)4. Effects of scattering on polarisation5. Transmission through successive polarisers (stress analysis,

Malus’ law)d. Image Quality

1. Resolving power2. Point and line spread function3. Modulation transfer function (Fourier optics)

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BASIC SCIENCEPhysiological Optics

Section 1. Ocular Physiology/Neurophysiology

a. Visual pathway1. Function of lateral geniculate body2. Receptive fields of cells in lateral geniculate body (relationship to

colour vision, binocularity, space perception)3. Function of visual cortex4. Receptive field properties (single cell properties)5. Functional organisation of visual cortex6. Physiology of binocular vision7. Mechanism of feature detection


a. Schematic eye models1. Dioptric components2. Cardinal points, entrance and exit pupils3. Ametropia: far point, near point, correction4. Accommodation: amplitude and effectivity5. Astigmatism, including correction6. Retinal image size, spectacle magnification, and relative

spectacle magnificationb. Dioptrics of the eye

1. Characteristics of components (curvature, thickness, separation, refractive indices and axial length)

2. Reference angles and axes3. Catoptric (Purkinje) images4. Retinal image size5. Optical function of the pupil

c. Entoptic phenomena1. Characteristics and origin of various phenomena (involving the

cornea, lens and vitreous)2. Vascular and circulatory phenomena (Purkinje tree, capillary

circulation)3. Phenomena associated with central vision (Maxwell’s spot,

Haidinger’s brushes)4. Phenomena associated with retinal distention or other forms of

retinal activity (Moore’s lightning streaks, blue arcs of the retina, phosphenes)

d. Quality of the retinal image1. Aberrations (Spherical, chromatic, coma, curvature, oblique

astigmatism, distortion)2. Diffraction3. Stray light4. Point and line spread functions

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e. Radiation and the eye1. Radiometry (radiant, intensity, radiance, and irradiance)2. Photometry (luminosity function, luminous intensity, luminance,

and illuminance, Lambertian surfaces-cosine laws)3. Spectral transmission of the ocular media4. Retinal illuminance5. Effects of radiation (especially infrared, visible and ultraviolet)

Section 3. Visual Perception

a. Colour perception1. Chromatic discrimination (hue and saturation) for normal and

defective colour vision2. Colour mixture and appearance3. Colour contrast, constancy, and adaptation4. Colour specification and colorimetry (CIE)5. Spectral sensitivity of normal and defective colour vision6. Mechanisms of colour deficiencies

b. Space perception1. Direction and depth discrimination (monocular and binocular

cues, oculocentric and egocentric localisation)2. Characteristics of sensory function (binocular interactions

including summation binocular suppression and rivalry, corresponding points including horopter criteria)

3. Development of sensory fusion and binocular vision4. Disturbances of perceived direction and distance (aniseikonia and

amblyopia)5. Sensory-motor interactions (fixation disparity, past pointing,

visually guided behaviour, body posture and perceived orientation and self-motion)

c. Form perception1. Static visual acuity (including test configuration, various acuity

tasks, and factors influencing acuity including blur, intensity and contrast) specification of visual acuity

2. Spatial contrast sensitivity function (including factors influencing the function)

3. Illusions, constancies, and figure-ground relations4. Simultaneous contrast and spatial interactions (Mach bands)

d. Light perception1. Detection characteristics at the absolute light threshold (including

spectral, spatial, and temporal aspects)2. Brightness-difference thresholds at various adaptation levels

(Weber’s and DeVries-Rose Laws) specification of contrast3. Dark and light adaptation processes and theories4. Spatial and temporal summation characteristics (Ricco’s, Piper’s

and Bloch’s Laws)e. Motion perception

1. Factors involved in the detection of real and apparent motion, detection of displacements

2. Motion after-effects

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3. Dynamic visual acuity, visual performances with a moving object, and visual performances with a moving observer

f. Temporal perception1. Critical flicker fusion frequency, including influencing factors (test

object size, location and adaption level)2. Sub-fusional flicker phenomena (Bartley brightness

enhancement)3. Successive contrast and masking4. Temporal contrast sensitivity function5. Stablized retinal images and monocular suppression (Troxler

effect)6. Saccadic suppression

Section 4. Psychophysical Methodology

a. Basic psychophysical methods and theory1. Measurement of absolute and difference thresholds2. Methods of limits, adjustment, and constant stimuli3. Probate Analysis

b. Psychophysical scaling methods and theory1. Direct scaling2. Indirect scaling

c. Signal detection methods and theory

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Appendix 4

A RECOMMENDEDOUTLINE CORE CURRICULUM

FORDISPENSING OPTICIANS

Note to readers

The GOC has prepared this recommended core curriculum to give guidance to training institutions on how to present their training programmes. The GOC recommended core curriculum is not intended to be prescriptive. It is emphasised that it is the training institutions that are the experts in the delivery of their programmes. It is expected that the training institutions will use the GOC recommended curriculum as the building blocks upon which to build the details of their programmes.

For this reason, the GOC has decided that the content of the recommended core curriculum should make no reference to the required foundation skills and knowledge. These had been omitted on the basis that each institution will consider which foundation skills and knowledge it should teach in order to underpin the outline core curriculum.

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COMPETENCY TITLE: 1. Communication Skills

STEM STATEMENT: The ability to seek and communicate relevant information from and to patients in an effective and appropriate manner.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S); 1.1 The ability to communicate effectively with the patient, taking into account his/her physical, emotional, intellectual and cultural background and to take accurate history from patients with a range of ophthalmic problems and needs.

1.2 The ability to deal effectively with patient concerns and complaints.

TO ACHIEVE THE CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S) STUDENTS NEED THE FOLLOWING

APPLIED KNOWLEDGE & SKLLS:

1.3 An understanding of the importance and significance of family history, signs and symptoms including a recognition of the importance of the patient's health status, medication, work, sports, lifestyle and special skills.

1.3.1. Task analysis

1.3.2. Analysing information

1.3.3. Interpreting verbal and written information

1.3.4. Effective questioning

1.3.5. Decision Making

1.4 The development of the key skills of listening to patients and explaining and discussing with them ophthalmic matters, taking into account relevant individual characteristics.

1.4.1. Two way communication

1.4.2. Listening skills

1.5The ability to understand patients' fears, anxieties and concerns about their visual welfare in the eye examination and its outcome.

1.5.1. Handling difficult patients

1.5.2. Dealing with people who are upset

1.5.3. Non verbal communication

1.5.4. Developing empathy

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1.5.5. Maintain and respect confidentiality

1.6 The ability to discuss with the patient an understanding of systemic disease and its ocular impact, its treatment and the possible ocular side effects of medication.

1.6.1. Working within limits of responsibility

1.6.2. Two way communication

1.7 The ability to understand the patient's expectations and aspirations and managing situations where these cannot be met.

1.7.1. Managing conflict

1.7.2. Dealing with people who are upset

1.7.3. Negotiating skills

1.7.4. Overcoming barriers

1.7.5. Handling Complaints

1.8 The ability to recognise cultural diversity, and to communicate with patients who have poor or non-verbal communication skills, or those who are confused, reticent or misled.

1.8.1. Cultural sensitivity

1.8.2. Non verbal communication

1.8.3. Using appropriate language

1.8.4. Interprets patient responses

1.8.5. Confirming understanding

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COMPETENCY TITLE: 2. Professional conduct

STEM STATEMENT: In fulfilling his/her duty of care a Dispensing Optician must have an understanding and working knowledge of the relevant legislation and civil laws, as well as codes of conduct and professional guidance to be able to care for, respect and protect the rights, dignity, privacy and confidentiality of patients.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S):

2.1 The demonstration of the ability to manage a patient’s care in a safe, ethical and confidential environment.

2.2 The demonstration of the ability to keep clear, accurate and contemporaneous patient records, which record all relevant findings and decisions made.



2.3 Have an understanding and working knowledge of health care delivery systems to be able to demonstrate an ability to care for patients who have additional clinical or social needs.

2.3.1. The implications of current UK and European legislation and policies relevant to the dispensing of ophthalmic appliances.

2.3.2. The interpretation of current legislation regarding the referral and duty of care – generally and in particular for patients with special needs.

2.4 Demonstrate the ability to interpret and respond appropriately to patient records and other relevant information. Demonstrate the ability to work within a multi-disciplinary team and within the guidelines and codes set for the profession.

2.4.1. The Code of Professional Conduct as established by the GOC and the implications of UK and European legislation on fitness to practise

2.4.2. The Advice and Guidelines on Professional Conduct of the professional body (ABDO).

2.4.3. The implications of working as part of a multi-disciplinary team

2.4.3. The range and limitations of duties and decisions in Ophthalmic Dispensing

2.5 Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of their legal and ethical responsibilities in relation to the publication, advertising and broadcasting information of services, facilities and goods.

2.5.1 The implications of any general and optical legislation and guidelines regarding publicity /advertising/media

2.5.2. The ethical issues involved in publicity / advertising/media

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2.6 Demonstrate the ability to act with probity in professional practice. This includes:

Keeping clear, accurate and contemporaneous records of financial transactions relating to fees and vouchers and other financial information;

The provision of information about payment of fees by all means and other costs relevant to patients needs and wants;

A knowledge and understanding of professional guidance in relation to conflicts of interest.

2.6.1. The current legislation and policies regarding financial support for the purchase of optical appliances.

2.6.2. Basic business management and financial accounting.

2.6.3. The implications and interpretation of current consumer legislation

2.7 Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of Health and Safety issues in the workplace, for themselves as employees and for patients.

2.7.1. The implications of current legislation regarding employment and health and safety at work, including cross-infection.

2.7.2. Current legislation and policies regarding professional and practice indemnity insurance

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COMPETENCY TITLE: 3. Refractive Management

STEM STATEMENT: An understanding of methods of assessing vision, refraction, binocular status and visual acuity in all patients.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S): 3.1 An understanding of refractive prescribing and management decisions.


APPLIED KNOWLEDGE & SKILLS:

3.2 A knowledge and understanding of the use of ocular diagnostic drugs to aid refraction.

3.2.1. Overview of ophthalmic diagnostic drugs

3.3 An understanding of the methods of refracting children, a knowledge and understanding of cycloplegic drugs and their effects, and an understanding of prescribing and management decisions.

3.3.1. Refractive techniques and test types for paediatric use

3.3.2. Overview of the use of cycloplegic drugs

3.3.3 Interpretation of results

3.4 An understanding of the refraction of patients with reduced visual acuity

3.4.1. Refractive techniques and test types for patients with reduced visual acuity

3.4.2. Interpretation of results

3.5 An understanding of the investigation and management of patients presenting with heterophoria, heterotropia and amblyopia based anomalies of binocular vision, including the relevance of history and the recognition of any clinical symptoms.

3.5.1. Basic relevant aetiology

3.5.2. Heterophoria, heterotropia and other binocular vision anomalies

3.6 An understanding of the objective and subjective tests necessary to investigate binocular status

3.6.1. Tests to investigate binocular status

3.7 An understanding of likely management options including: vision training,

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refractive correction, modified refractive correction and prismatic correction, related to the prescribing of the appliance.

3.7.1. Optometric management of binocular insufficiencies.

3.7.2. Refractive Surgical procedures – current practice and procedures available

3.8 An understanding of the investigation and management of patients presenting with incomitant deviations, including the recognition of symptoms and referral advice.

3.8.1. Tests to investigate comitancy of ocular deviation.

3.9 An awareness of the special examination needs of patients with learning and other disabilities.

3.9.1. Overview of the needs of patients with learning and other disabilities.

3.10 An awareness of the diagnostic methods for patients with field defects.

3.10.1. Visual field and its measurement.

COMPETENCY TITLE: 4. Optical Appliances

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STEM STATEMENT: The ability to dispense an appropriate optical appliance.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S): 4.1 The ability to interpret and dispense a prescription using appropriate lenses and facial and frame measurements.

4.2 The ability to advise on and dispense appropriate spectacle frame types and materials and lens forms and materials.

4.3 The ability to dispense optical low vision aids

4.4 The ability to relate the development of a child's facial anatomy to the fitting of optical appliances.

TO ACHIEVE THE CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S) STUDENTS NEED THE FOLLOWING:


4.5 The ability to identify anomalies in a prescription and implement the appropriate course of action.

4.5.1. When to modify and when to refer a prescription.

4.5.2. The identification of incomplete, inaccurate and ambiguous prescriptions.

4.6 The ability to measure and verify optical appliances including the replication of existing spectacles, taking into account relevant standards where applicable.

4.6.1. How to determine and record information for single vision, bifocal and progressive power lenses.

4.6.2. The measurement of vertex powers in the distance and near portions of lenses

4.6.3. How to check and record where appropriate any errors in a pair of spectacles with reference to appropriate standards.

4.6.4. The recognition of lens data.

4.7 The ability to match the form, type and positioning of lenses to meet all the patient's needs and requirements.

4.7.1. The prismatic effect at any point on a single vision or bifocal lens.

4.7.2. The prismatic effect produced by decentring a single vision lens.

4.7.3. The decentration required to produce specified amounts of prism.

4.7.4. Curvature of the cylindrical surface. Notional cylinder power.

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4.7.5. Calculation of the edge and centre thickness of spherical and astigmatic lenses.

4.7.6. Calculation of the thickness of an astigmatic prism.

4.7.7. Summation of obliquely combined cylinders.

4.7.8. Spectacle lens media and availability. Comparison of properties of glass and plastics media. Significance of curve variation factor, density, Abbe number.

4.7.9. Lenticular lenses, Bi-centric lenses.

4.7.10. Bifocal, trifocal and progressive power lenses.

4.7.11. Taking and recording adult facial and frame measurements

4.7.12. Taking and recording children's facial and frame measurements

4.7.13 Aberrations and their influence on the performance of ophthalmic lenses.

4.7.14 Monochromatic aberrations of high power ophthalmic lenses and effects on vision.

4.7.15. Front and back surface compensation. Modifications to account for differing vertex distances.

4.7.16. Near vision effectivity error.

4.7.17. Spectacle magnification.

4.7.18. Aspherical surfaces on spectacle lenses.

4.7.19. Reflections (ghost images) in spectacle lenses and methods of reducing unwanted reflections.

4.7.20. Magnification properties of optical appliances including angular magnification, nominal magnification and maximum magnification of low vision appliances

4.7.21. Design and use of iseikonic lenses

4.7.22. Properties and application of tinted spectacle lenses

4.7.23. The design of spectacle lenses for children

4.8 Demonstrate a knowledge of personal eye protection regulations and relevant standards, and the ability to appropriately advise patients on occupational visual requirements.

4.8.1. International Standards affecting the dispensing, testing and supply of personal eye protection.

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4.8.2. The manufacture of spectacle lenses and frames to international safety standards.

4.8.3. Legal responsibilities and safety standards.

4.9 The ability to recommend and dispense special optical appliances.

4.9.1. The manufacture design and fitting of optical appliances with or without means of correcting a refractive error, for medical, vocational or any other specified purpose.

4.9.2. Optical principles of hand and stand magnifiers, spectacle magnifiers, loupes, telescopes, bar magnifiers, fresnel sheets.

4.9.3. Design, availability and suitability of optical low vision aids.

4.9.4. Relevance of spectacles to different types of optical low vision aids

4.9.5. British and International Standards for low vision aids.

4.10 Demonstrate a knowledge of frame and lens manufacturing and the application of special lens treatments.

4.10.1. The manufacture and application of hydrophobic and scratch resistance coatings.

4.10.2. Raw materials of frame and lens manufacture.

4.10.3. Methods of surfacing, moulding and polishing lens material

4.10.4. Methods of tinting spectacle lenses.

4.10.5. The construction of adult’s spectacle frames.

4.10.6 The construction of children’s spectacle frames

4.11 The ability to identify current and obsolete frame materials and consider their properties when handling, adjusting, repairing and dispensing.

4.11.1. Adjustment properties of plastics and metal frame materials

4.11.2. The identification and use of tools for adjustments and repairs

4.11.3. The identification characteristics of frame materials

COMPETENCY TITLE: 5. Contact Lenses

STEM STATEMENT: An understanding of the choice, fitting and management of contact lenses.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S): 5.1 An understanding of the symptoms and signs of serious contact lens complications.

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5.2 An understanding of contact lens types and materials, their benefits and disadvantages, and their most appropriate applications.

5.2.1. Overview of contact lens types including benefits and disadvantages

5.2.2. Overview of contact lens materials including benefits and disadvantages

5.2.3. Optical comparisons of spectacles and contact lenses

5.2.4. Overview of therapeutic use of contact lenses

5.2.5. Overview of dispensing contact lenses for the low vision patient

5.3. An understanding of the initial contact lens selection and fitting of RGP and soft contact lens patients.

5.3.1. Overview of factors which effect the choice of design and parameters of all types of contact lenses

5.4 A knowledge of the different methods of contact lens removal and the ability to remove the lens in an emergency if feasible, and the ability to discuss the use of care regimes.

5.4.1. Methods of contact lens insertion and removal by the patient – of all contact lens types.

5.4.2. Methods of removal of all lens types by someone other than the patient

5.4.3. Use of the products involved in contact lens care regimes

5.4.4. Awareness of the limitation of knowledge regarding the removal of a contact lens

5.5 An understanding of both the aftercare of patients wearing RGP and soft contact lenses and the management of any complications.

5.5.1. The format and content of an aftercare consultation for all types of contact lenses

5.5.2. Management of contact lens aftercare issues for all contact lens types

5.5.3. Signs, symptoms and differential diagnosis of serious contact lens complications

5.5.4. Overview of treatment of serious contact lens complications.

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COMPETENCY TITLE: 6. Low Vision

STEM STATEMENT: The management of low vision patients.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S): 6.1 An understanding of the causes of low vision and their effects on vision.

6.2 The ability to assess a patient with low vision.

6.3 The ability to advise on the use of, and dispense appropriate low vision aids.



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6.4 The ability to consider the effectiveness of current refraction of patients with low visual acuity and to refer back where appropriate.

6.4.1. Definition of vision, low vision, visual acuity and visual field

6.4.2. Methods of refractive verification, relevance of pin hole and least distance of distinct vision (LDDV)

6.4.3. Distance and near test charts

6.4.4. Criteria for referral for new prescription

6.4.5. Low vision and contact lenses

6.5 An understanding of the assessment of visual function, including the use of LogMAR and other specialist charts, and the effects of illumination, contrast and glare.

6.5.1. Effects of reduced/increased illumination and low contrast sensitivity on vision and visual acuity

6.5.2. Reasons for reduced near visual acuity (reading acuity)

6.6 An understanding of the assessment of the visual field of patients with reduced vision.

6.6.1. Visual field and visual pathway

6.6.2. Effects of pathologies on visual field

6.6.3. Instruments for measuring visual field

6.7 An understanding of binocular vision in relation to low vision appliances.

6.7.1. Indications for binocular low vision aids

6.7.2. Use of occlusion

6.8 A knowledge of the relevance of optical low vision aids and of common types of non-optical low vision aid.

6.8.1. Relevance of suitability of magnification spectacles Rx and type of optical low vision aids for different visual tasks.

6.8.2 Design, availability and suitability of non-optical aids.

6.8.3 CCTV and TV reader systems and field expanders.

6.9 The ability to advise low vision patients on illumination, glare and contrast.

6.9.1. Types of lamps and positioning of light

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6.9.2. Discomfort and disability glare

6.9.3. Ways of improving contrast

6.10 The ability to advise patients about their impairment and its consequences.

6.10.1. Psychology of low vision

6.10.2. Identification of patient’s visual needs

6.10.3. Signs and symptoms of ocular and systemic pathologies

6.10.4. Effects of ocular and systemic pathologies on vision, visual acuity and visual field

6.10.5. Visual acuity/criteria for visually impaired/severely visually impaired registration and appropriate forms

6.10.6. Assessment of magnification for distance and near vision (and other distances)

6.10.7. Selection of aids

6.10.8. Training in use of aids

6.10.9. Statutory/non-statutory benefits of registration

6.10.10. Support groups

6.11 An understanding of the need for multi- and inter-disciplinary approaches to low vision care

6.11.1. Role of other health care professionals in the low vision field

6.11.2. Advantages of multi-disciplinary team care for the low vision patient

6.12 The ability to refer low vision patients to other agencies where appropriate

6.12.1. Social services, support groups, specialist trainers and teachers and (children)

6.12.2. Specialist trainers/rehabilitation officers

6.13 After-care management of low vision patients

6.13.1. Frequency of visits

6.13.2. Review of progress and suitability of low vision aids, and statutory/voluntary benefits

6.13.3. Communication with referring practitioner/agency

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COMPETENCY TITLE: 7. Ocular Examination and Technique

STEM STATEMENT: An understanding of the technologies used in the examination of the eye and adnexa.

CRITICAL COMPETENCE(S); 7.1 An understanding of the purpose and use of the instruments used in the examination of the eye and adnexa and the implications of results.



7.2 An understanding of the examination of the external eye and anterior segment by use of the slit lamp.

7.2.1. Principles, illumination and viewing systems; methods of use.

7.3 An understanding of the appropriate ocular diagnostic drugs to aid ocular examination and investigation.

7.3.1. Ophthalmic drugs and regulations affecting use and storage of ophthalmic drugs in ophthalmic practice.

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7.4 An understanding of the examination of the fundus using either a direct or indirect ophthalmoscope.

7.4.1. Principles of instruments used for ophthalmoscopy.

7.5 An understanding of the methods of assessment of colour vision.

7.5.1. Colour vision, Monochromacy, dichromacy and trichromacy. Colour deficiencies.

7.5.2. Tests for colour deficiencies: colour naming tests, sorting and matching tests, confusion tests.

7.6 An understanding of methods of assessment of corneal shape and integrity.

7.6.1. The Cornea

7.6.2. Radii of curvature and refractive index.

7.6.3. Keratometry.

7.6.4. Corneal Topography

7.7 An understanding of the instruments involved in visual field analysis and of the results.

7.7.1. Visual field instruments

7.7.2. Visual field tests, Pathological fields

7.8 An understanding of the use of a tonometer and of the results.

7.8.1. Principles and methods of use; applanation and non-applanation tonometer.

7.8.2. Intra-ocular tension, normal values and variations.

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COMPETENCY TITLE: 8. Ocular Abnormalities

STEM STATEMENT: An understanding of the relevance of ocular disease.

CRITICAL COMPETENCIES: 8.1 The ability to recognise conditions and symptoms requiring referral and/or emergency referral and the demonstration of the ability to take appropriate action.

TO ACHIEVE THE CRITICAL COMPETENCIES STUDENTS NEED THE FOLLOWING:


8.2 The ability to identify common diseases of the external eye and adnexa.

8.2.1. Signs and symptoms of external eye disease including eyelid, conjunctival, lacrimal, corneal disorders and associated dermatology

8.3 An understanding of symptoms associated with internal eye disease.

8.3.1. Signs and symptoms of abnormal internal ocular conditions

8.4 An understanding of the clinical treatment of a range of significant ocular

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diseases/disorders and conditions.

8.4.1. Macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal detachment and other common conditions

8.4.2. Drugs

8.4.3. Surgical procedures

8.4.4. Diet Vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS)

8.5 An understanding of the clinical treatment of a range of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations and adverse ocular reactions to medication.

8.5.1. Diabetes, hypertension, sickle cell anaemia and other common conditions

8.5.2. Drugs

8.5.3. Vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS)

8.6 An understanding of the implications of the manifestations of eye disease.

8.6.1. Prognosis of eye diseases

8.6.2. Surgical intervention

8.7 The ability to recognise and deal with ocular emergencies.

8.7.1. The ability to recognise that the condition constitutes an ‘ocular emergency’

8.7.2. The ability to know what immediate treatment, if any, to apply.

8.7.3. The ability to take appropriate action to involve emergency services and/or ensure the transfer of the patient to a hospital A&E department.

8.7.4. The ability to record signs/symptoms and treatment and to advise the patient’s GP of the action taken.

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FOR A UP TO DATE LIST CHECK THE WEBSITE www.ielts.org Appendix 5ALBANIA

The IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilRr. Ded Gjo Luli, 3/1TiranaAlbaniaTel: 355 4 2408 56Fax: 355 2408 58Email: [email protected]

ARGENTINA

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilSuipacha 1333Capital FederalBuenos AiresArgentina Tel: 54 11 4393 2004Fax: 54 11 4326 3015Email: [email protected] ARMENIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Yerevan24 Baghramyan AvenueYerevan 375019armenia Tel: 374 1 569923Fax: 374 1 569929Email: [email protected]

AUSTRALIA

IELTS AdministratorCentral Queensland UniversityBuilding 11CQ Mail CentreROCKHAMPTON 4702QLD AustraliaTel: 61 7 4930 6421Fax: 61 7 4930 6321Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCharles Sturt UniversityLocked Bag 669NSW - WAGGA WAGGA2678AustraliaTel: 61 2 6933 2602Fax: 61 2 6933 4018Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCurtin University of TechnologyCentre for International EnglishKent Street, BentleyPerth 6102 WAAustraliaTel: 00 61 8 9266 7622Fax: 00 61 8 9266 3186Email: [email protected] AdministratorGold Coast Institute of TAFE

ESL Department

91 Scarborough StreetSouthport 4215QLDAustraliaTel: 00 61 7 5581 8340Fax: 00 61 7 5581 8329Email: [email protected]. gov.au

IELTS AdministratorIELTS Testing CentreUniversity of CanberraBuilding 20BruceCanberra 2601 ACTAustraliaTel: 00 61 2 6201 2699Fax: 00 61 2 6201 5089 Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorInternational House Queensland130 McLeod StreetCairns 4870 QLDAustraliaTel: 00 61 7 4031 3466Fax: 00 61 7 4031 3464Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorJames Cook University The English Language CentreTownsville 4811 QLDAustraliaTel: 00 61 7 4781 5390Fax: 00 61 7 4781 5392Email: EnglishLanguageCentre @icu.edu.au

IELTS AdministratorMacquarie UniversityBuilding W6CBalaclava Road, North RydeSydney 2109 NSWAustraliaTel: 00 61 2 9850 7967Fax: 00 61 2 9850 7849Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorNorthern Territory University – Alice SpringsDarwin 0811 NTAustraliaTel: 00 61 8 8946 6666Fax: 00 61 8 8946 7144Email: AU120.administrator@ darwin.ntu.edu.au

IELTS AdministratorRoyal Melbourne Institute of Technology - Test CentreLevel 6, 393 Swanston StreetVIC - MELBOURNE

3000Tel: 61 3 9657 5800Fax: 61 3 9663 8504Email:

[email protected]

IELTS AdministratorThe University of NewcastleNewcastle 2308 NSWAustralia

Tel: 00 61 2 4921 5376Fax: 00 61 2 4921 7068Email: [email protected] AdministratorThe University of QueenslandBlair DriveSt Lucia, Brisbane 4072 QLDAustraliaTel: 00 61 7 3365 6565Fax: 00 61 7 3365 6599Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Melbourne 442 Auburn Road, HawthornVIC 3122Melbourne AustraliaTel: 00 61 3 9810 3151Fax: 00 61 3 9810 3242Email: AU130.administrator@ muprivate.edu.au

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of New EnglandCB Newling CentreCnr Mossmon & Dangar StreetsArmidale 2351 NSWAustraliaTel: 00 61 2 67 736 430Fax: 00 61 2 67 736 435Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of South AustraliaIst Floor Brookman Building City East CampusNorth TerraceAdelaide 5000 SAAustraliaTel: 00 61 8 8302 1591Fax: 00 61 8 8302 1695Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of TasmaniaLocked Bag 1358Launceston 7250TasmaniaAustraliaTel: 00 61 3 6324 5472Fax: 00 61 3 6324 3838Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Sydney - Test CentreCumberland campusEast Street, LidcombeNSW - SYDNEY2141Tel: 612 9351 0757Fax: 612 9351 0707Email: [email protected]

IELTS Administrator

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University of Technology Sydney Level 3A, Building 1No 1 BroadwayNSW - SYDNEY2007Tel: 61 2 9514 1536Fax: 61 2 9514 1824Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of WollongongBuilding 30 Northfields AvenueWollongong 2500, NSWAustraliaTel: 00 61 2 4252 8903Fax: 00 61 2 4228 5201Email: [email protected]

AUSTRIA

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilSiebensternstrasse 21Vienna A-1070AustriaTel: 00 4315332616 / 74Fax: 00 431 533261685Email: [email protected]

AZERBAIJAN

The IELTS AdministratorThe British Council1Vali Mammadov StreetBaku 370004AzerbaijanTel: 00 994 12 971593 Fax: 00 994 12 989236Email: [email protected]

BANGLADESH

IELTS AdministratorThe British Council Teaching CentreHouse 55DhanmondiDhaka 1205BangladeshTel: 00 880 2 966 0392Fax: 00 880 2 861 0038Email: [email protected]

BELGIUM

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilLéopold Plaza, Rue du Trône 108, TroonstraatBrussels1050Tel: 32 2 227 08 40Fax: 32 2 227 08 49Email: [email protected]

BOLIVIA

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilAvenue Arce 2885 Esquina Clavijo, Zona San JorgeLa PazBoliviaTel (00 591) 2 431 2573

Fax (00 591) 2 431 2576Email: [email protected]

BOSNIA

IELTS CoordinatorBritish Council Ljubljanska 9Saravejo 71000BosniaTel: 00 387 3325 0220Fax: 00 387 3325 0240Email: [email protected]

BRAZIL

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BrasiliaEd. Centro Emprearial VarigSCN Quadra 04 - Bloco BBrasilia70710-926 DFBrazilTel: 55 61 3274806Fax: 55 61 3268917Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Recife Av. Domingos Ferreira, 4150 Boa ViagemRecife-PE51021-040BrazilTel: 55 81 34657744Fax: 55 81 34657271Email: andrea.medeiros@ britishcouncil.org.br

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Rio De Janeiro Rua Jardim Botanico, 518 - 1 andarJardim BotanicoRio de Janeiro - RJ 22461-000BrazilTel: 55 21 2543 1253Fax: 55 21 2543 1060Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council São PauloRua Ferreira de Araujo, 741 - 3 andarPinheirosSão Paulo05428-002BrazilTel: 55 11 30386945Fax: 55 11 30386948Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa - Belo HorizonteRua Jornalista Djalma de Andrade46-4o.andarBelo Horizonte30320 540Brazil

Tel: 55 31 3284 1300Fax: 55 31 32642555Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa - Curitiba-ParanáAl. Júlia da Costa, 1500 Curitiba-Paraná80730-070BrazilTel: 55 41 335-7332Fax: 55 41 336-0729Email: cultura@culturainglesacuritiba. com.br

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa - FlorianopolisRua Rafael Bandeira 335CentroFlorianopolis SC 88015-450BrazilTel: 55 48 224 2696Fax: 55 48 224 2696Email: adminfln@ culturainglesa-sc.com.br

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa - FortalezaRua Ana Bilhar 171AldeotaFortaleza CE CEP60 160-110BrazilTel: 55 85 244 3784Fax: 55 85 224 2665Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa - Porto AlegreR. Quintino Bocaiúva, 1447Porto Alegre - RS90440-051BrazilTel: 55 51 33334033Fax: 55 51 33886518Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa - Sao CarlosRua 15 de Novembro 1630São Carlos/SP - BrazilCEP 13560-240 BrazilTel: 55 16 3372 2276Fax: 55 16 3372 9875Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCultura Inglesa da Bahia- Salvador Rua Mato Grosso 481PitubaSalvadorCep 41830 -151 BrazilEmail: [email protected]

BRUNEI

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Bandar Seri Begawan

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mailto:adminfln@%20culturainglesa-sc.com.br

mailto:adminfln@%20culturainglesa-sc.com.br

mailto:cultura@culturainglesacuritiba.%20com.br

mailto:cultura@culturainglesacuritiba.%20com.br




mailto:andrea.medeiros@%20britishcouncil.org.br

mailto:andrea.medeiros@%20britishcouncil.org.br






2nd Floor Block DYayasan Complex S.H.H.B.Jalan Pretty, Bandar Seri BegawanBS8711BruneiTel: 673 223 7742Fax: 673 223 7392Email: [email protected]

BULGARIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Sofia7 Krakra StreetSofia 1504BulgariaTel: 359 2 9424200Fax: 359 2 9424306Email: [email protected]

CAMBODIA

IELTS AdministratorAustralian Centre for Education#46 Street 214Sangkat Boeung RaingKhan Daun Penh, Phnom Penh CambodiaTel: 00 855 2372 4204Fax: 00 855 2342 6608Email: [email protected]

CAMEROON

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilImmeuble ChristoAvenue Charles de Gaulle Yaounde B.P 818CameroonTel: 237 2211696Fax: 237 2215696Email: [email protected]

CANADA

Conestoga College of Applied Art & Technology299 Doon Valley DriveKitchener N2G 4M4OntarioCanadaTel: 001 519 7483516Fax: 001 519 7483505Email : [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorInternational Language Institute, Nova Scotia7071 Bayers RoadHalifaxNovia ScotiaB3L2C2CanadaTel: 902 429 3636Fax: 902 429 2900Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorSimon Fraser University, Vancouver - Test Centre8888 University Drive

Burnaby B.C.VancouverCanadaV5A 1S6Tel: 604 291 5930Fax: 604 291 4989Email: [email protected]

CHILE

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilEliodoro Yanez 832Providencia Santiago, ChileTel: 56 2 410 69 18Fax: 56 2 410 69 29Email: [email protected]

CHINA

IELTS AdministratorZhong Kai Agrotechnical College, GuangzhouNo.24 Dongsha StreetHenan Fangzhi RoadGuangzhou 510225ChinaTel: 86 20 8900 3878Fax: 86 20 8900 3878Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Shanghai Office, Shanghai1st Floor Pidemco Tower No.318 Fu Zhou LuShanghai 200001ChinaTel: 86 21 6391 2626Fax: 86 21 6391 2121Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Beijing Office, Beijing4/F Landmark Building Tower 18 North Dongsanhuan Road, Chaoyang DistrictBeijing 100004ChinaTel: 86 10 6590 6903Fax: 86 10 6590 0977Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorEast China Normal University, Shanghai3663 North Zhong Shan RoadShanghai 200062ChinaTel: 86 21 6223 3151Fax: 86 21 6254 5332Email: IELTS.shanghai@ britishcouncil.org.cn

COLOMBIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BogotaCalle 87 No. 12 -79

El ChicoBogotaTel: 57 1 6187680Fax: 57 1 621 4989Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Bogotá - Test CentreCarrera 11 No. 93-53Oficina 203BogotaTel: 57 1 635 0385Fax: 57 1 634 6772Email: [email protected]

COSTA RICA

IELTS AdministratorInstituto BritanicoAPDO 8184San Jose 1000Costa RicaTel: 506 283 7059Fax: 506 253 1894Email: [email protected]

CROATIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council ZagrebIlica 12Zagreb 10000CroatiaTel: 385 1 4899 503Fax: 385 1 4833 955Email: [email protected]

CUBA

IELTS Administratorc/o The British Embassy, Calle 34, No 702esq. a 7ma Avenida, MiramarC. Habana C.P. 11300CubaTel: 53 7 204 1771/2Fax: 53 7 204 9214Email: [email protected]

CYPRUS

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Nicosia3 Museum StreetPO Box 25654Nicosia 1387CyprusTel: 357 22585100Fax: 357 22585129Email: exams.enquiries@cy. britishcouncil.org

CZECH REPUBLIC

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council PragueBredovsky dvurPolitickych veznu 13Praha 1110 00Czech RepublicTel: 420 221 991129

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mailto:IELTS.shanghai@%20britishcouncil.org.cn

mailto:IELTS.shanghai@%20britishcouncil.org.cn













Fax: 420 224 933847Email: [email protected]

DENMARK

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council CopenhagenGammel Mønt 12Copenhagen 1117 KDenmarkTel: 45 3336 9404Fax: 45 3336 9406Email: [email protected]

ECUADOR

IELTS AdministratorThe British CouncilCalle Alpallana Nº 581 y Whymper,Key Language Services8º pisoQuitoEcuadorTel: +593 2 2220 956Fax: +593 2 2902 241Email: [email protected]

EGYPT

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Alexandria9 Batalsa StreetBab SharkiAlexandriaEgyptTel: 20 3 486 0199Fax: 20 3 486 6630Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Cairo192 El Nil StreetAgouzaCairoEgyptTel: 20 0 23031514Fax: 20 0 23443076Email: ieltsenquiries@ britishcouncil.org.eg

ERITREA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council AsmaraStr # 175-2 PO Box 997AsmaraEritreaTel: 291 1 123415Fax: 291 1 127230Email: [email protected]

ESTONIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council TallinnVana-Posti7Tallinn 10146EstoniaTel: 372 6257788Fax: 372 6257799


ETHIOPIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Addis AbabaArtistic BuildingAdwa Avenue, PO Box 1043Addis Ababa EthiopiaTel: 251 1550022Fax: 251 1550022Email: [email protected]

FIJI

IELTS AdministratorCollege for Higher Education Studies (CHES) - Test Centre 195 Princes RoadSamabulaSUVAFijiTel: 67 93 386 732Fax: 67 96 383 645Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of the South Pacific - Test CentrePrivate Mail BagSuvaFijiTel: 679 3212005Fax: 679 3314827Email:[email protected]

FINLAND

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council HelsinkiHakaniemenkatu 2Helsinki 00530 FinlandTel: 358 9 7743 330Fax: 358 9 701 8725Email: [email protected]

FRANCE

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Paris9 rue de Constantine75340 Paris Cedex 07 FranceTel: 33 1 49 55 73 41Fax: 33 1 47 05 72 30Email: [email protected]

GEORGIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Tbilisi34 Rustaveli AvenueTbilisi0108GeorgiaTel 995 32 250407Fax 995 32 989591Email [email protected]

GERMANY

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BerlinHackescher Markt 1MitteBerlin 10178GermanyTel 49 30 3110 9953Fax 49 30 3110 9920Email [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorCarl Duisberg CentrenHansaring 49-51Cologne 50670GermanyTel 49 221 1626257Fax 49 221 1626205Email [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Berlin -Test CentreFriedrichstrasse 95Berlin 10117GermanyTel 49 302 0962 9593Fax 49 302 0962 9591Email [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Essen - Test CentreSchnutenhausstrasse 44Essen 45136GermanyTel 49 201 25 2552Fax 49 201 26 7553Email [email protected]

GHANA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council AccraLiberia RoadPO Box GP 771AccraGhana Tel +233 21 683069, 683070Fax +233 21 683062Email [email protected]

GREECE

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Athens17 Kolonaki SquareAthens 10673GreeceTel 30 210 3692387Fax 30 210 3630332Email [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Thessaloniki9 Ethnikis Amynis StreetPO Box 50007Thessaloniki 540 13Greece

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Tel 30 2310 378300Fax 30 2310 241960Email [email protected] http//www.britishcouncil.gr

HONG KONG

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Hong Kong3 Supreme Court RoadAdmiraltyHong KongTel 852 2913 5170Fax 852 2913 5172Email [email protected]

IELTS ManagerCEPAS Management Unit - Test Centre2801 Harbour Centre, 25 Harbour Road,Wanchai, Hong KongTel 852 26200321Fax 852-26200320Email [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BudapestBenczur u. 26Budapest1068hungary Tel 36 1 478 4725Fax 36 1 342 5728Email [email protected]

INDIA

British Council ChennaiIELTS AdministratorBritish Deputy High Commission737 Anna SalaiChennai 600 002IndiaTel: 91 44 852 5002Fax: 91 44 852 3234Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council KolkataL & T Chambers1st Floor, 16 Camac StreetKolkata 700 017IndiaTel: 91 33 2282 5370Fax: 91 33 2282 4804Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council MumbaiMittal Tower "C" WingNariman PointMumbai 400 021IndiaTel: 91 22 2282 3560Fax: 91 22 2281 6619Email:

[email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council New Delhi17 Kasturba Gandhi MargNew Delhi 110001IndiaTel: 91 011 23711401Fax: 91 011 23710717Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Ahmedabad - Test Centre1t Floor, Mahaly ComplexOff C G Road, NavrangpuraAhmedabad380009 GujratIndiaTel: 91 79 640 6226Fax: 91 79 640 4094Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Bangalore - Test Centre201, 2nd Floor, The PresidencyNo. 1, St. Mark's RoadBangalore 560001IndiaTel: +91(80) 512 33 751/ 52/ 53/ 54/ 55/ 56Fax: +91(80) 512 33 757Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Chandigarh - Test CentreSCO 147-148, 2nd FloorSector 9-C, Madhya MargChandigarh 160001IndiaTel: 91 172 274 1331Fax: 91 172 274 1510Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Chennai - Test Centre 10A, RainTree Place7, McNichols Road, ChetpetChennai 600 031IndiaTel: 91 44 52179288 /89 /90 /91 extn. 40, 42Fax: 91 44 52179392Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Hyderabad - Test CentreUma Hyderabad House, 3rd Floor6-3-1090/1/1, Raj Bhavan Rd, SomajigudaHyderabad 500 082IndiaTel: 91 40 2339 8247Fax: 91 40 2339 8200Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Mumbai - Test CentreExpress Building, 1st FloorOpp. Churchgate StationMumbai IndiaTel: 91 22 2202 6505 / 9Fax: 91 22 2202 6501Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia New Delhi - Test CentreFlat no. 513, International Trade Tower, Nehru PlaceNew Delhi 110019IndiaTel: 91-11-26284404/26467535/26429767Fax: 91-11-26234103Email: [email protected] INDONESIA

Academic CoordinatorAustralia Centre Medan - Test CentreJ1 Kartini No. 32MedanSumatra Utara 20152IndonesiaTel: 62 61 455 4520Fax: 62 61 415 6820Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council JakartaS Widjojo Centre, 1st FloorJalan Jenderal Sudirman 71Jakarta 12190IndonesiaTel: 62 21 252 4115Fax: 62 21 252 4129Email: [email protected]

Academic CoordinatorIALF Bali - Test CentreJalan Kapten Agung 17DenpasarBALI 80232IndonesiaTel: 62 631 221 782Fax: 62 361 263 509Email: [email protected]

Academic CoordinatorIALF Jakarta - Test CentreWisma Budi, 5th Floor # 503Jl. HR Rasuna Said Kav C6Jakarta 12940IndonesiaTel: 62 21 521 3350Fax: 62 21 521 3349Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIALF Surabaya - Test CentreJl. Sumatera 49SurabayaEast Java 60281IndonesiaTel: 61 31 502 6400Fax: 61 31 502 6408

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Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Bandung - Test CentreJl. Sulanjana No. 3, Dago Bandung 40116 IndonesiaBandung 40116IndonesiaTel: (+62 22) 4211 636, 426 1054Fax: (+62 22) 4211 636Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia South Jakarta - Test Centre01-E Jl.Terusan Gedung Hijau I kav.9 no. - Pondok IndahJakarta Selatan Jakarta 12310IndonesiaTel: 62 21 7503552Fax: 62 21 7694846Email: [email protected]

IRAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council TehranQolhak Dr. Shariati AvenueTehran 19396 13661IranTel: 98 21 200 1222Fax: 98 21 200 7604Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIELTS Tehran - Test CentreNo 11, 21st StreetFirst Floor, Office No. 3TehranIranTel: 98 21 872 5427Fax: 98 21 872 5428Email: [email protected]

IRELAND

IELTS AdministratorUniversity College CorkO'Rahilly BuildingCorkIrelandTel: 353 21 4903225Fax: 353 21 4903223Email: [email protected]: http://www.ucc.ie/esol

IELTS AdministratorUniversity College DublinDaedalus BuildingBelfieldDublin 4IrelandTel: 00 353 1 716 7900Fax: 00 353 1 716 1188Email: [email protected]

ISRAEL

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Ramat-GanCrystal House

12 Hahilazon StreetRamat-Gan 52136Israel Tel: 972 3 6113600Fax: 972 3 6113650Email: [email protected]

ITALY

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Milanvia Manzoni 38Milano 20121ItalyTel: 39 02 77222213Fax: 39 02 781119Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council NaplesVia Morghen 36Naples 80129 ItalyTel: 39 081 578 8247Fax: 39 081 578 2046Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council RomeVia IV Fontane 20Rome 00184ItalyTel: 39 06 478 14 218Fax: 39 06 487 1070Email: [email protected]

JAMAICA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Kingston 28 Trafalgar RoadKingston 10JamaicaTel: 1 876 929 7090 Fax: 1 876 960 3030Email: [email protected]

JAPAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council NagoyaNHK Centre 6F1-13-3 Higashi Sakura, Higashi-ku Nagoya-ShiNagoya461-0005, AichiJapanTel: 81 052 963 3671Fax: 81 052 963 3670Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council OsakaDojima Avanza 4F1-6-20, Dojima, Kita-ku, Osaka shiOsaka 530-0003Japan

Tel: 81 6 6342 5301Fax: 81 6 6342 5311Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Tokyo1-2,KagurazakaShinjuku-kuTokyoJapanTel: 81 3 3235 8031Fax: 81 3 3235 8040Email: [email protected] JORDAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Amman, First Circle, Jebel AmmanPO Box 634Amman JordanTel: 962 6 4636147 Fax: 962 6 4656413Email: [email protected]

KAZAKHSTAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Almaty13 Republic SquareAlmaty 480013Kazakhstan Tel: 7 3272 720111/ 506648Fax: 7 3272 720113Email: tatyana.khazova@ britishcouncil.org.kz

KENYA

IELTS AdministratorAustralian University Studies Institute - Test Centre5th Floor Centro HouseWestlandsNairobiKenyaTel: 25 4 244 1110Fax: 25 4 244 1120Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council NairobiNational Theatre compoundHarry Thuku Rd, PO Box 40751Nairobi GPO 00100KenyaTel: +254 20 213159Fax: +254 20 244968Email: [email protected]

KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council ManamaBritish Council (P O Box 452)146 Shaikh Salman HighwayManama 356Kingdom of Bahrain

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mailto:tatyana.khazova@%20britishcouncil.org.kz

mailto:tatyana.khazova@%20britishcouncil.org.kz












http://www.ucc.ie/esol







Tel: +973 1726 1555Fax: +973 1724 6782Email: [email protected]

KOREA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council SeoulExaminations Services, British Council, 4F Hungkook Life Insurance Bldg226 Shinmunro 1-ga, Jongro-guSeoul 110-786KoreaTel: 82 2 3702 0653Fax: 82 2 3702 0660Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Seoul - Test CentreRoom 1310, 13th Floor, Kyobo Building1 Chongro-1 Ka, Chongro-KuSeoul 110-714KoreaTel: 82 2 776 7246Fax: 82 2 773 8063Email: [email protected]

KUWAIT

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council SafatPO Box 345Safat 13004KuwaitTel: 965 2520067Fax: 965 2520069Email: [email protected]

LAOS

IELTS AdministratorVientiane University College - Test CentreThat Luang RoadVIENTIANELaosTel: 856 21 414 873Fax: 856 21 414 346Email: [email protected]: 00 856 21 414346

LATVIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council RigaBlaumana 5A-2RigaLV1011LatviaTel: 371 7281730Fax: 371 7504100Email: [email protected]

LEBANON

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BeirutAzar BuildingSadat/Sidani StreetBeirutLebanon Tel: 961 1 740123Fax: 961 1 739461Email: [email protected]

LIBYA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Tripolic/o British EmbassyBourj alFateh 24th floorTripoliLibyaTel: 218 21 3351473/5Fax: 218 21 3351471Email: [email protected]

LITHUANIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council VilniusBusiness Center 2000Jogailos 4Vilnius LT - 01116 Lithuania Tel: 370 5 264 4890Fax: 370 5 264 4893Email: [email protected]

MACEDONIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Skopjebul. Goce Delcev, 6PO Box 5621000 SkopjeMacedoniaTel: +389 (0)2 3135 035Fax: +389 (0)2 3135 036 Email: [email protected]

MADAGASCAR

IELTS AdministratorThe British Embassy Madagascar Immueble 'NY HAVANA'Antanarivo, 101 MadagascarTel: 261 227749Fax: 261 226690Email: [email protected]

MALAYSIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Kuala LumpurGround Floor, West Block, Wisma Selangor Dredging,142C, Jalan AmpangKuala Lumpur 50450Malaysia

Tel: 60 3 2723 7900Fax: 60 3 2713 6599Email: kualalumpur.ielts@ britishcouncil.org.my IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Penang3 Weld QuayGeorgetownPenang 10300MalaysiaTel: 00-6-04-263 0330Fax: 00-6-04-263 9262Email: penang.enquiries@ britishcouncil.org.my IELTS AdministratorBritish Council SabahGround Floor, No. 4 Jalan Api-Api off Jalan Gaya88000 Kota KinabaluSabah MalaysiaTel: 60 88 222059Fax: 60 88 238059Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council SarawakSublot 63 Level 2 Block ATaman Sri Sarawak Mall (P O Box 2963, 93758 Kuching)Sarawak 93100MalaysiaTel: 60 82 256044Fax: 60 82 425199Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Johor Bahru - Test CentreNo. 1D, 1st Floor, Jalan MajuTaman Maju JayaJohor Bahru, Johor80400 MalaysiaTel: 60 7 333 0668Fax: 60 7 333 7668Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Kuala Lumpur - Test CentreNO. 18 JALAN SS15/8SELANGOR 47500MalaysiaTel: 60 3 56365548Fax: 60 3 56324212Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Kuching - Test CentreWisma Ho Ho Lim 1st FloorSarawak East MalaysiaKuching 93100MalaysiaTel: 60 82 233 645Fax: 60 82 234 246Email: [email protected]

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IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Penang - Test Centre441-1-1 Pulua Tikis PlazaPulau PinangPenang 10350MalaysiaTel: 60 4 226 1811Fax: 60 4 227 1811Email: [email protected]

MALTA

IELTS AdministratorMalta Chamber of CommerceExchange BuildingsRepublic StreetValletta VLT 05MaltaTel: 356 21 233 873Fax: 356 21 245 223Email: [email protected]

MAURITIUS

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Rose HillRoyal RoadPO BOX 111Rose HillMauritiusTel: 230 454 955012Fax: 230 454 9553Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Port Louis - Test Centre4th Floor, Ken Lee Building20 Edith Cavell StreetPort LouisMauritiusTel: 230 210 1971Fax: 230 210 4035Email: [email protected]

MEXICO

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Mexico CityLope de Vega 316Col. Chapultepec MoralesDF 11570MexicoTel: 52 55 5263 1900Fax: 52 55 5263 1910 / 1940Email: [email protected]

MONGOLIA

IELTS AdministratorESP Institute Central Post OfficeBox 840Ulaanbaatar 210613MongoliaTel: +976 11324313; 321517Fax: +976 11 324313Email: [email protected]

MOROCCO

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Rabat36, Rue de Tanger BP 427RabatMoroccoTel: 212 22 52 09 90Fax: 212 22 52 09 64Email: loubna.essebre@ britishcouncil.org.ma

MOZAMBIQUE

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council MaputoRua John Issa 226PO Box 4178MaputoMozambiqueTel: 258 1421574Fax: 258 1421577Email: general.enquiries@ britishcouncil.org.mz

MYANMAR

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Yangon78 Kanna RoadKyauk Tada TownshipYangonPO Box 638MyanmarTel: 95 1 254658Fax: 95 1 245345 Email: kyaw.htin@ britishcouncil.org.mm

NAMIBIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Windhoek1-5 Cnr Fidel Castro Ruz & Rev Michael Scott Street, WindhoekNambiaTel: 264 61 226776Fax: 264 61 227530Email: Rosalia.Penda@british council.org.na

NEPAL

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council KathmanduPO Box 640LainchaurKathmanduNepalTel: 977 1 4410798Fax: 977 1 4410545Email: Madhurima.Adhikari@ britishcouncil.org.np

NETHERLANDS

IELTS AdministratorBritish Language Training CentreOxford HouseN. Z. Voorburgwal 328 eAmsterdam1012 RW

Tel: 0031 (0)20 6223634Email: [email protected]

Utrecht UniversityIDP Education Australia (Netherlands)Heidelberglaan 8, Room 102/104NL-3508 TC UtrechtUtrecht NL-3508NetherlandsTel: (+31 30) 253 9961 Fax: (+31 30) 253 7550Email: [email protected]

NEW CALEDONIA

Academic CoordinatorIELTS Australia Noumea 115 route de l'Anse VataNOUMEA 98800Tel: 687 27 52 79Fax: 687 25 48 28Email: [email protected]

NEW ZEALAND

IELTS AdministratorChristchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology - Test CentreCoventry StreetCHRISTCHURCHNew ZealandTel: 64 3 364 9050Fax: 64 3 940 8674Email: [email protected]

Helen KempEastern Institute of TechnologyGloucester StreetTaradaleHawkes Bay 4001New ZealandTel: 64 6 974 8902Fax: 64 6 974 8905Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorInternational Pacific College - Test CentrePrivate Bag 11 021Palmerston North 5301New ZealandTel: 64 6 3540 922Fax: 64 6 3540 935Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorLincoln University - Test CentrePO Box 94LINCOLN 8150New ZealandTel: 64 3 325 3674Fax: 64 3 325 3863Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorMassey University - Auckland - Test CentreBuilding 64, Gate 5AlbanyAUCKLAND 1311New Zealand

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Tel: 64 9 443 9799 ext 9801Fax: 64 9 443 9718Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorNorthland Polytechnic Private Bag 9019WhangareiNew ZealandTel: 00 64 9 459 8777 Fax: 00 64 9 459 8781Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUNITEC Institute of Technology - Test CentrePrivate Bag 92025Mt AlbertAucklandNew ZealandTel: 64 9 8154321 x 8668Fax: 64 9 815 4567Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Auckland - Test CentreLevel 567 Symonds StreetAuckland CityNew ZealandTel: 64 9 919 7695 ext 300Fax: 64 9 921 7676Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Auckland - Test CentreLevel 567 Symonds StreetAuckland CityNew ZealandTel: 64 9 919 7695 ext 300Fax: 64 9 921 7676Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Otago - Test CentreBuilding 275 St David StreetDUNEDINNew ZealandTel: 64 3 479 5700Fax: 64 3 479 5701Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Waikato - Test CentrePrivate Bag 3105HAMILTONNew ZealandTel: 64 7 858 5600Fax: 64 7 858 5694Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorVictoria University of Wellington - Test CentreRoom 210Von Zedlitz BuildingWELLINGTON 6005New Zealand

Tel: 64 4 463 5601Fax: 64 4 463 5604Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorWaiariki Institute of Technology - Test CentreInternational OfficePB3028RotoruaNew ZealandTel: 64 7 3468712Fax: 64 7 3468721Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorWellington Institute of TechnologyBuick StreetPrivate Bag 39803Petone New ZealandTel: 00 64 4 9202 646Fax: 00 64 4 9202 645Email: [email protected]

NIGERIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Lagos11 Alfred Rewane Road (formerly Kingsway Rd)Ikoyi PO Box 3702Lagos NigeriaTel: 234 1 2692188Fax: 234 1 2692193Email: [email protected]

NORWAY

IELTS AdministratorFolkeuniversitetet i OsloTorggata 7Postbox 496 SentrumOslo 0105NorwayTel: +47 22476000Fax: +47 22476001Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorFriundervisningen 1 BergenSankt Jakobs Plass 9Postboks 33 Nygardstangen5838 BergenNorwayTel: +47 55 55 36 13Fax: +47 55 55 36 36Email: [email protected]

OMAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council MuscatRoad OneMadinat al Sultan QaboosMuscat

OmanTel: 968 600548Fax: 968 695284Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorHawthorn Muscat English CentreBuilding 43, Way No. 1847Qurum HeightsMuscatOmanTel: 00968 563510Fax: 00968 563590Email: [email protected]

PAKISTAN

IELTS AdministratorAEO Islamabad - Test Centre28, street 1, F-6/3IslamabadPakistanTel: 92 51 2275799Fax: 92 51 2821245Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorAEO Karachi - Test CentreD-129, Block 4CliftonKarachiPakistanTel: 92 21 5879645-7Fax: 92 21 5879648Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council IslamabadHouse No. 32ST 19, F-6/2Islamabad 44000PakistanTel: 92 51 111424424Fax: 92 51 111425425Email: shahnaz.farooq@ britishcouncil.org.pk

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Karachi British Council-British Deputy High CommissionSh-e-Iran, CliftonKarachi PO Box 10410PakistanTel: 92 21 111424424Fax: 92 21 111425425Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Lahore 65 Mozang RoadLahorePakistanTel: 92 (042) 111 424 424Fax: 92 (042) 111 425 425Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Peshawar17-C, Chinar Road

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University TownPeshawar 25000PakistanTel: 92 91 111424424Fax: 92 91 842633Email: ielts.peshawar@ britishcouncil.org.pk

PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

British Council JerusalemIELTS Administer31 Nablus RoadPO Box 19136Jerusalem91191

Tel: 972 (2) 628 2545Fax: 972 (2) 628 3021Email: [email protected]

PANAMA British EmbassySwiss TowerCalle 53(Apartado 889) Zona 1Panama CityTel: +507 269 0866Fax: +507 223 0730Email: [email protected]

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Academic CoordinatorIELTS Australia Papua New Guinea Port Moresby International SchoolBava Street,Boroko East - NCD 121Papua New GuineaTel: 675 325 3166Email: [email protected]

PARAGUAY

IELTS AdministratorAnglo EnglishJuan de Salazar 391AsunciónParaguayTel: 595 21 225525Fax: 595 21 203871Email: [email protected]

PERU

IELTS AdministratorAsociacion Cultural Peruano Britanica Av Arequipa 3495 Lima 27Peru Tel: 51 1 242 7052Fax: 51 1 242 6061Email: [email protected]

PHILIPPINES

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Pasig City - Test Centre10/F Taipan Place

Emerald AvenueOrtigas Centre, Pasig City1605PhilippinesTel: 63 2 9141011-14Fax: 63 2 9141020Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Philippines - Test Centre2/F Pioneer House Makati108 Paseo de Roxas, Legaspi VillageMakati City, Metro ManilaPhilippinesTel: 63 2 816 0755Fax: 63 2 815 9875Email: [email protected]

POLAND

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council KrakówUl. Wislna 2Krakow31-007PolandTel: 48 12 428 59 30Fax: 48 12 428 59 40Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council WarsawAl. Jerozolimskie 59Warsaw 00-697PolandTel: 48 22 695 59 98Fax: 48 22 695 59 96Email: [email protected]

PORTUGAL

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council LisbonRua Luis Fernandes,1 - 3Lisbon 1249-062Portugal Tel: 351 213 214512Fax: 351 213 476151 Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council PortoRua do Breyner, 1554050-126Porto PortugalTel: 351 2 200 30 60Fax: 351 2 208 30 68Email: [email protected]

QATAR

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council DohaPO Box 2992Doha QatarTel: 974 4426193

Fax: 974 4423315Email: [email protected]

ROMANIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BucharestCalea Dorobantilor 14Bucharest 010572RomaniaTel: 40 21 3079603, 40 21 3079600Fax: 40 21 3079601, 40 21 3079602Email: [email protected]

RUSSIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Moscowulitsa Nikoloyamskaya, 1Moscow 109189RussiaTel: 7 095 782 02 00Fax: 7 095 782 02 01Email: [email protected] AdministratorBritish Council St Petersburg Fontanka 46St Petersburg191025RussiaTel: 7 812 1185060Fax: 7 812 1185061Email: exams.stpetersburg @britishcouncil.ru

SAUDI ARABIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Dammam Al Waha Mall2nd Floor, First StreetDammam 31482Saudi ArabiaTel: 966 38269036 Fax: 966 38268753Email: Ielts.Dammam@sa. britishcouncil.org

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council JeddahPO Box 34244th floor Farsi Centre, Waly Al Ahd StreetJeddah 21471Saudi ArabiaTel: +966 2 657 6200Fax: +966 2 657 6123Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Riyadh Men's section: Al-Fazary Square, Diplomatic Quarter PO Box 58012 Riyadh 11594Saudi ArabiaTel: 966-1-483-1818 Fax: 966-1-483-1717

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SENEGAL

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Dakar 34-36 Bd de La RépubliqueBP: 6232DakarSenegalTel: 221 822 2015Fax: 221 821 81 36Email: [email protected]

SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Belgrade Terazije 8 / IBelgrade11000Tel: 381 11 3023800Fax: 381 11 3023898Email: examinations@ britishcouncil.org.yu

SINGAPORE

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Singapore 30 Napier RoadSingapore 258509Tel: 65 6470 7148Fax: 65 6479 7181Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Singapore - Test Centre 4th Level30 Orange Grove Road1025SingaporeTel: 65 67 346 419Fax: 65 67 371 736Email: [email protected]

SLOVAKIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Bratislava Panska 17PO Box 68BratislavaSlovakiaTel: +421 2 5443 11 85Fax: +421 2 5443 03 71Email: [email protected]

SLOVENIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Ljubljana Tivoli CentreTivolska cesta 30Ljubljana1000SloveniaTel: 386 (0)1 300 2038Fax: 386 (0)1 300 2044Email: [email protected]

SOLOMON ISLANDS

University of the Sunshine Coast - Solomon IslandsAustralian High CommissionCnr Hibiscus Avenue & Mud AlleyHONIARASolomon IslandsTel: 677 21561Fax: 677 23 691Email: [email protected]

SOUTH AFRICA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Cape Town PO Box 1469Capetown 8000South AfricaTel: 27 21 462 3921Fax: 27 21 462 3960Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Durban The Marine22 Gardiner StreetDurban 4000South AfricaTel: 27 31 310 3652Fax: 27 31 310 3669Email: information@ britishcouncil.org.za

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Johannesburg PO Box 30637Braamfontein 2017JohannesburgSouth Africa Tel: +27 11 718 4300Email: [email protected]

SPAIN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BarcelonaCalle Amigó 83BarcelonaSpainTel: 34 93 241 9972Fax: 34 93 202 3695Email: ielts.barcelona@ britishcouncil.es

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council BilbaoAvda. Lehendakari Aguirre, 29-2ºBilbao 48014SpainTel: 94 476 36 50Fax: 94 476 20 16Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Las Islas

CanariasSpainTel: 34 92 868 4590Fax: 34 92 868 4590Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council MadridPº Gral. Martinez Campos, 31Madrid 28010SpainTel: 34 91 337 3529Fax: 34 91 337 3586Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Palma de MallorcaCtra de Valldemosa Km 7.5Palma de MallorcaSpainTel: 34 971 17 25 50Fax: 34 971 17 25 52Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council ValenciaAvinguda de Catalunya, 9Valencia 46020SpainTel: 34 96 339 29 80Fax: 34 96 369 13 89Email: exams.valencia @britishcouncil.es

SRI LANKA

IELTS AdministratorAustralian College of Business & Technology - Test CentreTrans Asia Hotel Premises117 Sir Chittampalam A., Colombo 2Gardiner Mawatha COLOMBOSri LankaTel: 94 114 714 393Fax: 94 114 714 394Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Colombo 49 Alfred House GardensBox 753Colombo 300Sri LankaTel: + 94 11 2581171Fax: + 94 11 2587079Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Kandy88/3 Kotugodalle VidiyaKandy 02000Sri LankaTel: 94 74 471188Fax: 94 8 234284Email: [email protected]

SUDAN

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IELTS AdministratorBritish Council KhartoumPO Box 125314 Abu Sinn StreetKhartoum SudanTel: 249 11 780817 Fax: 249 11 780817 Email: information@sd. britishcouncil.org

SWEDEN

IELTS AdministratorFolkuniversitetet GoteburgNorra Alleg 6Box 2542403 17 GoteburgSwedenTel: 00 46 3110 6500Fax: 00 46 3113 1992Email: Jackie.castellino@ folkuniversitetet.se

IELTS AdministratorFolkuniversitetet LundSkomakareg 8223 50LundSwedenTel: 46 46 19 7700Fax: 46 46 19 7781Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorFolkuniversitetet Stockholm Bryggargatan 4Stockholm100 41SwedenTel: 46 87894170Fax: 46 86799541Email: [email protected]

SWITZERLAND

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Berne Sennweg 2PO Box 5323000 Berne 9SwitzerlandTel: 41 31 301 49 35Fax: 41 31 301 14 59Email: [email protected]

SYRIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Damascus PO Box 33105, Al Jala'aAbu RumannehDamascus SyriaTel: 963 011 3310631Fax: 963 011 3321467Email: [email protected]

TAIWAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Kaohsiung 7F-D, 95 Ming Tsu 2nd RoadKaohsiung 800TaiwanTel: 886 7 235 1715Fax: 886 7 238 0411Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Taipei 2nd Floor, 106, Xin Yi Road Section 5Taipei 110TaiwanTel: 886 2 8722 1039Fax: 886 2 8786 0985Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Kaohsiung - Test CentreRoom 17C, No. 7Szu Wei Building, Szu Wei 4th RoadKaohsiung 802TaiwanTel: 886 7 335 0910Fax: 886 7 336 7331Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Taipei - Test Centre 7F, No. 25 Tunhwa South Road, Sec. 1Taipei 105TaiwanTel: 886 2 2570 1466Fax: 886 2 2570 1477Email: [email protected]

TANZANIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Dar es Salaam PO Box 9100Samora Ave/Ohio StreetDar es Salaam

Tel: 255 22 21165746Fax: 255 22 2112669Email: [email protected]

THAILAND

IELTS AdministratorAustralia Centre Chiang Mai - Test Centre75/1 Moo14A. Suthep T. MuangChiang Mai 50200ThailandTel: 66 53 810552-3Fax: 66 53 810 554Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Bangkok254 Chulalongkorn Soi 64Phyathai Road, Pathumwan

Bangkok 10330ThailandTel: 66 2 6525480Fax: 66 2 2535312Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Chiang Mai198 Bumrungraj RoadAmphur MuangChiang Mai 50000ThailandTel: 66 (53) 242103 ext. 24Fax: 66 (53) 244781Email: Ravee.Phoewhawm@ britishcouncil.or.th IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Limited (Thailand) - Test Centre4th Floor CP TowerSilom Road, BangrakBangkok 10500ThailandTel: 66 2638 3111Fax: 66 2231 0139Email: [email protected]

TRINIDAD

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Port of Spain19 St. Clair AvenueSt.ClairPort of SpainTrinidadTel: 1 868 628 0565Fax: 1 868 622 2853Email: [email protected]

TUNISIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Tunis47, avenue Habib BourguibaTunis 1001TunisiaTel: 216 71 353568Fax: 216 71 353985Email: [email protected]

TURKEY

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council AnkaraEsat CaddesiNo.41 Kucukesat Ankara 6660TurkeyTel: 90 312 4103600Fax: 90 312 427 6182Email: pinar.ussakli@ britishcouncil.org.tr IELTS AdministratorBritish Council IstanbulMaya Akar CentreBuyukdere Cad. No:100-101, EsentepeIstanbulTurkey

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Tel: 90 212 355 5657Fax: 90 212 355 5658Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Izmir1374 sk.Izmir 35210TurkeyTel: 90 232 446 01 31Fax: 90 232 446 01 30Email: IELTS.Izmir@ britishcouncil.org.tr

UGANDA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council KampalaRwenzori Courts Ground FloorNakasero Road, PO Box 7070KampalaUgandaTel: 256 (0) 41 234737/30Fax: 256 (0) 41 254853Email: [email protected]

UKRAINE

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Kyiv4/12 Hryhoriya Skovorody StreetKyiv04070UkraineTel: 380 44 4905600Fax: 380 44 4905602Email: [email protected]

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Abu DhabiVilla No 7Al Nasr St. KhalidiyaAbu Dhabi 46523United Arab EmiratesTel: 971 2 6659300Fax: 971 2 6664340Email: ursula.fernandez@ ae.britishcouncil.org IELTS AdministratorBritish Council DubaiPO Box 1636Tariq Bin Ziad Street, Near Rashid HospitalDubaiUnited Arab EmiratesTel: 971 4 3370109Fax: 971 4 3370703Email: [email protected] Academic CoordinatorHigher Colleges of Technology - Test CentrePO Box 30292Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates

Tel: 971 2 681 5654Fax: 971 2 681 2070Email: [email protected]

Academic CoordinatorUniversity of Wollongong in Dubai, United Arab Emirates - Test CentreBeach RoadDubaiUnited Arab EmiratesTel: 971 4 395 4422Fax: 971 4 395 5662Email: [email protected]

UNITED KINGDOM

IELTS AdministratorAnglia Polytechnic UniversityEast RoadCambridgeCB1 1PTTel: 44 1223 363271Fax: 44 1223 417725Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorAston UniversityLanguages and Social Sciences DepartmentAston TriangleBirmingham B4 7ETTel: 44 (0) 121 204 3781 Fax: 44 (0) 121 3592725Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBasil Paterson College22 Abercromby PlaceEdinburghEH3 6QETel: 0131-556-7695Fax: 0131-557-8503Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorBell NorwichBowthorpe HallBowthorpeNorwichNR59AATel: 44 1603 734123Fax: 44 1603 747669Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorCardiff UniversityInternational Development, Cardiff University42 Park PlaceCardiffCF10 3BBTel: +44 (0)29 2087 9156Fax: +44 (0)29 2087 9155Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorChaucer College CanterburyUniversity RoadCanterburyCT2 7LJTel: 44 1227 787800

Fax: 44 1227 784267Email: [email protected] AdministratorCity College CoventryButts CentreButtsCoventryCV1 3GDTel: 44 24 7652 6754Fax: 44 24 7652 6783Email: l.stafford@ staff.covcollege.ac.uk

IELTS AdministratorColchester English Study Centre19 Lexden RoadColchesterEssexCO3 3PWTel: 44 1206 544422Fax: 44 1206 761849Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorEurocentres Lee Green21 Meadowcourt RoadLondonSE3 9EUTel: 44 20 8297 1488Fax: 44 20 8318 9057Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorHarrogate Language Academy8a Royal ParadeHarrogateHG1 2SZTel: 44 1423 531969Fax: 44 1423 531064Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorInternational House London106 PiccadillyLondonW1J 7NLTel: 44 20 7518 6909Fax: 44 20 7518 6910Email: [email protected] Language Specialists InternationalIELTS Administrator1-13 Lord Montgomery WayPortsmouthHampshirePO1 2AHTel: 44 23 92291811Fax: 44 23 92750435Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorKing's School OxfordSt Joseph's HallTemple RoadOxford OX4 2UJTel: 44 1865 711829Fax: 44 1865 747791Email: [email protected]

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IELTS AdministratorMayflower College of English1 Radford RoadThe HoePlymouthPL1 3BYTel: 44 1752 673784Fax: 44 1752 671537Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorMelton College137 Holgate RoadYorkYO2 4DHTel: 44 1904 670920Fax: 44 1904 629233Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorMiddlesex UniversityThe BurroughsHendonLondon NW4 4BTTel: 44 20 8411 5335Fax: 44 20 8411 5294Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorQueen's University Belfast103 Botanic AvenueBelfastBT7 1NNTel: 44 28 9033 5374Fax: 44 28 9033 5379Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorRichard Language College43-45 Wimborne RoadBournemouthBH3 7ABTel: 44 1202 555932Fax: 44 1202 555874Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorSheffield Hallam UniversitySchool of Education36 Collegiate Crescent CampusSheffield S10 2BPTel: 44 114 225 2240 Fax: 44 114 225 2280Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorSouthwark CollegeThe CutLondonSE1 8LETel: 44 207 815 1608Fax: 44 207 261 1301Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorSussex Downs CollegeCross Levels WayEastbourneBN21 2UFTel: 44 1323 637233Fax: 44 1323 637230

Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorThe University of ManchesterPO Box 88Oddfellows HallManchester M60 1QDTel: 44 161 200 8991Fax: 44 161 200 3396Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYTel: 44 1225 383409Fax: 44 1225 323135Email: [email protected] University of BrightonEileen HallFalmer campusBrightonBN1 9PHTel: 44 1273 643354Fax: 44 1273 690710Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Bristol30/32 Tyndall`s Park RoadCliftonBristolBS8 1PYTel: 44 117 331 09009Fax: 44 117 331 0870Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of DurhamElvet RiversideNew ElvetDurham CityDH1 3JTTel: 44 191 3342230Fax: 44 191 3342231Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of ExeterThe Old LibraryPrince of Wales RoadExeterEX4 4PTTel: 44 1392 262074Fax: 44 1392 264277Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of GlasgowUniversity of Glasgow Language CentreEnglish as a Foreign Language Unit, Hetherington Building, Bute GardensGlasgowG12 8RSTel: 44 141 3304220Fax: 44 141 3391119

Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of LiverpoolModern Languages BuildingLiverpoolL69 7ZRTel: 44 151 7942735Fax: 44 151 7942739Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of NottinghamCentre for English Language Education (CELE)University ParkNottinghamNG7 2RDTel: 44 115 9514419Fax: 44 115 9514992Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of SouthamptonSchool of HumanitiesHighfieldSouthampton S017 1BJTel: 44 23 8059 8918Fax: 44 23 8059 3849Email: [email protected]

IELTS AdministratorUniversity of SurreySchool of ArtsGuildfordGU2 7XHTel: 44 1483 689912Fax: 44 1483 689505Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorUniversity of Wales - AberystwythLanguage and Learning CentreLlandinam Building, Penglais CampusAberystwythSY23 3DBTel: 44 1970 622545Fax: 44 1970 622546Email: [email protected] IELTS Test CentreUniversity of Westminster309 Regent StreetLondonW1B 2UWTel: 44 207 915 5487Fax: 44 207 915 5492Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorWarwickshire CollegeWarwick New RoadRoyal Leamington Spa CV32 5JETel: +44 1926 318129Fax: +44 1926 318130Email: [email protected]

URUGUAY

IELTS AdministratorInstituto Cultural Anglo

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UruguayoSan Jose 1426Montevideo 11200Uruguay Tel: 598 2 902 3773Fax: 598 2 902 7771Email: [email protected]

USAIELTS AdministratorELS Language Centers/Boston at Mount Ida College777 Dedham StreetNewton, Massachusetts 02459USATel: 1 (617) 928-7359Fax: 1 (617) 928 7354Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorELS Language Centers/Chicago at Dominican University7900 W. DivisionRiver Forest, ILIL 60305USATel: 1 708 488 5013Fax: 1 708 488 5014Email: [email protected] ELS Language Centers/Houston at University of St. ThomasMark Cleland4200 Montrose BlvdHouston, Texas77006USATel: 1 (713) 521-2030Fax: 1 (713) 521-0664Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorELS Language Centers/Manhattan at Adelphi University Manhattan CenterAdelphi University Manhattan Center75 Varick Street, Second FloorNew York10013USATel: 212-625-1306Fax: 212 431 1636Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorELS Language Centers/San Francisco49 Powell St 3rd Floor San Francisco CA 94102-2849USATel: (415) 561 0438Fax: (415) 561 0439Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorELS Language Centers/Santa Monica1413 Second Street, Suite CSanta Monica, CA 90230USATel: 310 451 4544Fax: 310 451 7795

Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorInlinqua/Washington DC1901 N. Moore StreetSuite LL-01Arlington 22209USATel: 1 (703) 527-7888 Ext. 128Fax: 1 (703) 527-9866Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorInternational House/San Diego Suite 2M2725 Congress StreetSan Diego, California 92110USATel: 1 (619) 299-2339Fax: 1 (619) 299-0235Email: [email protected] Southern Methodist University/Dallas Administrator6185 AirlineSuite 216Dallas, TX 75205USA Tel: 1 214 768 4475Fax: 1 214 768 1051Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorTALK International/Ft. Lauderdale/Miami at the Language Institute at Nova Southeastern University3530 S. University DriveDavie, Florida 33328USATel: 1 (954) 262-8937Fax: 1 (954) 262-3913Email: [email protected] UZBEKISTAN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Tashkent11, D.Kounaev StreetTashkent 700031UzbekistanTel: 998 71 1206752Fax: 998 71 1206371Email: [email protected]

VENEZUELA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council CaracasAv. Ppal del BosqueTorre Credicard, Piso 3 ChacaítoCaracas 1070VenezulaTel: 58 212 952 9965 Fax: 58 212 952 9691Email: nathalie.wierdak@ britishcouncil.org.ve

VIETNAM

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Hanoi

40 Cat Linh Dong Da DistrictHanoi 10000VietnamTel: 84 4 843 6780Fax: 84 4 843 4962Email: ielts.hanoi@ britishcouncil.org.vn IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Ho Chi Minh City25 Le DuanDistrict 1Ho Chi Minh CityVietnamTel: 84-8-8232862Fax: 84-8-8232861Email: examinations.hcmc@ britishcouncil.org.vn IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Hanoi - Test CentreLevel 3, The Vietnamese Women Museum36 Ly Thuong Kiet StreetHanoiVietnamTel: 84 4 934 2955Fax: 84 4 934 2954Email: [email protected] IELTS AdministratorIDP Education Australia Ho Chi Minh City - Test Centre (Vietnam)12bis Phan Ke Binh StreetHo Chi Minh CityVietnamTel: 84 8 9104 205Fax: 84 8 9104 206Email: [email protected]

YEMEN

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Sana'a3F Administrative Tower, Sana'a Trade CentreAlgiers St, PO Box 2157Sana'a YemenTel: 967 1 448 3569Fax: 967 1 448 360Email: [email protected]

ZAMBIA

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council LusakaPO Box 34591Heroes Place, Cairo RoadLusaka ZambiaTel: 260 1 228332 4Fax: 260 1 222677Email: mukaba.mukaba@ britishcouncil.org.zm

ZIMBABWE

IELTS AdministratorBritish Council Harare

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mailto:mukaba.mukaba@%20britishcouncil.org.zm

mailto:mukaba.mukaba@%20britishcouncil.org.zm




mailto:examinations.hcmc@%20britishcouncil.org.vn

mailto:examinations.hcmc@%20britishcouncil.org.vn

mailto:ielts.hanoi@%20britishcouncil.org.vn

mailto:ielts.hanoi@%20britishcouncil.org.vn

mailto:nathalie.wierdak@%20britishcouncil.org.ve

mailto:nathalie.wierdak@%20britishcouncil.org.ve














Corner House, 6FSamora Machel Avenue/Leopold Takawira StreetHarare ZimbabweTel: 263 4 775313Fax: 263 4 756661Email: [email protected]

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Documents

June 2005.doc.doc