Using Archived Data to Measure Using Archived Data to Measure Operational Benefits of a System-wide Operational Benefits of a System-wide

Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) Adaptive Ramp Metering (SWARM) SystemSystem

Task 4: Pilot StudyTask 4: Pilot Study

July 31, 2006July 31, 2006

Robert BertiniRobert Bertini

Sue AhnSue Ahn

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Work Plan – ProgressWork Plan – Progress Pilot StudyPilot Study

Data CollectedData Collected Data AnalysisData Analysis ResultsResults Remaining Task – TAC inputRemaining Task – TAC input

Recommendations for the Regional Recommendations for the Regional StudyStudy

Work Plan - ProgressWork Plan - Progress

Task 1: Literature ReviewTask 1: Literature Review Report under revisionReport under revision

Task 2: Corridor SelectionTask 2: Corridor Selection Report under reviewReport under review

Task 3: Data Collection PlanTask 3: Data Collection Plan Report under reviewReport under review

Task 4: Pilot StudyTask 4: Pilot Study Freeway performanceFreeway performance On-ramp performance - ongoingOn-ramp performance - ongoing

On-ramp Queue Storage: On-ramp Queue Storage: Morning Peak Hours (6:30-Morning Peak Hours (6:30-

8:30AM)8:30AM)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Wils

hire

Wal

ker

B-H

Hw

y

Alle

n

Den

ney

Hal

l

Scho

lls-F

erry

Gre

enbu

rg

Paci

fic H

wy

72nd

On-ramps on ORE 217 southbound

Avg. h

ou

rly v

olu

me (

vph

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Qu

eu

e s

tora

ge (

ft)

Volume Queue storage

On-ramp Queue Storage: On-ramp Queue Storage: Morning Peak Hours (4:30-Morning Peak Hours (4:30-

6:30PM)6:30PM)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Wils

hire

Wal

ker

B-H

Hw

y

Alle

n

Den

ney

Hal

l

Scho

lls-F

erry

Gre

enbu

rg

Paci

fic H

wy

72nd

On-ramps on ORE 217 southbound

Avg. h

ou

rly v

olu

me (

vph

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Qu

eu

e s

tora

ge (

ft)

Volume Queue storage

Pilot Study: Data CollectionPilot Study: Data Collection

Location of On-rampsMeter: Outflows (Merging Rate)

Entrance: Inflows

Barnes Rd. / US26W Loop

US 26E Road tube CCTV camera

Wilshire Rd. Loop Road tube, Portable camera

Walker Rd. Loop CCTV camera

B-H Hwy LoopCCTV camera, Portable

camera

Allen Blvd. Loop CCTV camera

Denney Rd. Loop CCTV camera

Hall Blvd. Loop Road tube, Portable camera

Scholls-Ferry Rd. LoopCCTV camera, Portable

camera

Greenburg Rd. Loop CCTV camera

Pacific Hwy Loop CCTV camera

72nd Ave. Loop CCTV camera

Pilot Study: Data CollectionPilot Study: Data Collection

Pre-timed: June 19 – 23, 2006Pre-timed: June 19 – 23, 2006 SWARM: June 26 – 30, 2006SWARM: June 26 – 30, 2006

Accidents: June 21 and June 30 Accidents: June 21 and June 30 (excluded from analysis)(excluded from analysis)

Weather: Comparable (high Weather: Comparable (high temperature on the 2temperature on the 2ndnd week) week)

Pilot Study: Data AnalysisPilot Study: Data Analysis

Data Quality: Communication FailuresData Quality: Communication Failures Freeway: VMT, VHT, Travel Time, Freeway: VMT, VHT, Travel Time,

DelayDelay On-ramps: Queue spill-overOn-ramps: Queue spill-over

FrequencyFrequency DurationsDurations Total delay: on-going Total delay: on-going Challenge Challenge

Communication FailuresCommunication Failures

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

16%

Bar

nes

Rd.

Wils

hire

Rd.

Wal

ker

Rd.

B-H

Hw

y

Alle

n B

lvd.

Den

ney

Rd.

Hal

l Blv

d.

Scho

lls-F

erry

Rd.

Gre

enbu

rg R

d.

Paci

fic H

wy

On-ramps on ORE 217 southbound

% C

om

munic

ati

on f

ailure

s Pre-timed

SWARM

Performance Measures (6-Performance Measures (6-9AM)9AM)

VMT VHTTravel-Time

(minutes)

Delay (veh-hrs)

Pre-Timed 65,871 1,337 8.8 210

SWARM 66,426 1,416 9.2 283

% Change 0.8% 6.0% 5.1% 34.7%

What happened??What happened??

SWARM is not operating optimally SWARM is not operating optimally Parameters need to be fine-tunedParameters need to be fine-tuned Effect of communication failuresEffect of communication failures Smaller discharge rate from the Smaller discharge rate from the

bottleneckbottleneck Larger freeway delay but smaller Larger freeway delay but smaller

system-wide delaysystem-wide delay Larger inflow from the on-rampsLarger inflow from the on-ramps Short pilot study duration: The results Short pilot study duration: The results

are not statistically significant.are not statistically significant.

Delay (Pre-timed)Delay (Pre-timed)

Travel Direction

Diff

ere

nce

in d

ela

y (

vehic

le-h

ours

)

Delay (SWARM)Delay (SWARM)

Travel Direction

Diff

ere

nce

in d

ela

y (

vehic

le-h

ours

)

Change in Delay Change in Delay (SWARM – Pre-timed) (SWARM – Pre-timed)

Travel Direction

Diff

ere

nce

in d

ela

y (

vehic

le-h

ours

)

Change in DelayChange in Delay

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Barnes

Wilshire

Walker

Bhhwy

Allen

Denney Ha

ll

Scholls

Greenburg

99W

Pre-timed

SWARM

Dela

y (

veh-h

rs)

On-ramp Volumes: On-ramp Volumes: Morning Peak Hours (6:30-Morning Peak Hours (6:30-

8:30AM)8:30AM)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Barn

es

Wils

hire

Wal

ker

B-H

Hw

y

Alle

n

Den

ney

Hal

l

Scho

lls-

Ferr

y

Gre

enbu

rg

Paci

fic H

wy

On-ramps on ORE 217 Southbound

On-r

am

p v

olu

me (

vehic

les)

Pre-timed

SWARM

Pilot Study: Queue Spill-overPilot Study: Queue Spill-over

Location of On-ramps

Pre-timed SWARM

Walker Rd. No spill-over No spill-over

B-H Hwy Spill-over No spill-over

Allen Blvd. No spill-over No spill-over

Denney Rd. No spill-over No spill-over

Hall Blvd. No spill-over No spill-over

Scholls-Ferry Rd. No spill-over Spill-over

Pilot Study: Queue Spill-overPilot Study: Queue Spill-over

Location of On-ramps

Pre-timed SWARM

Walker Rd. No spill-over No spill-over

B-H Hwy Spill-over No spill-over

Allen Blvd. No spill-over No spill-over

Denney Rd. No spill-over No spill-over

Hall Blvd. No spill-over No spill-over

Scholls-Ferry Rd. No spill-over Spill-over

Pilot Study: Queue Spill-overPilot Study: Queue Spill-over

Total DurationFrequen

cyAvg. Duration

Pre-timed

25.2 mins 12 2.1 mins

SWARM 43.1 mins 9 5.0 mins

Scholls-Ferry Rd.

Total DurationFrequen

cyAvg. Duration

Pre-timed

11-12 mins (on 19th 22nd)

1 11-12 mins

SWARM 0 0 0

Beaverton-Hillsdale Highway

Next StepsNext Steps

Reasons for the increase in delayReasons for the increase in delay More analysis on on-rampsMore analysis on on-ramps

Total delay? – require counts at metersTotal delay? – require counts at meters Travel time (sampling frequency)Travel time (sampling frequency)

ReportReport

RecommendationsRecommendations

Data near bottleneck to measure Data near bottleneck to measure bottleneck discharge flowbottleneck discharge flow

Agree on performance measure for Agree on performance measure for on-rampson-ramps Total delay, queue length, queue spill-Total delay, queue length, queue spill-

overover All or selected on-rampsAll or selected on-ramps

Data collection method for on-rampsData collection method for on-ramps Video: time-consuming for total delayVideo: time-consuming for total delay