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JICA’s Efforts in Environmental Management in South East Asia and Thailand. July 27, 2012 Tomoyuki Kawabata Senior Representative Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Thailand Office. 1. Topics. 1. About JICA 2. JICA’s Efforts for Environmental Management 3. Case Study. 2. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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July 27, 2012
Tomoyuki KawabataSenior Representative
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)Thailand Office
JICA’s Efforts in Environmental Management
in South East Asia and Thailand
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Topics
1. About JICA
2. JICA’s Efforts for Environmental Management
3. Case Study
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Basic Information of JICA
JICA Technical Cooperation
Grant Aid
ODA Loan
Integrated Operations of 3 Aid Modalities
Also;
Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers
Japan Partnership Program
Emergency Disaster Relief
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• JICA Technical Cooperation – 212.72 billion JPY (until 2010)* • The projects may involve the dispatching of experts from Japan to
provide technical support, invitation of personnel from developing countries for training, or the provision of necessary equipment.
Basic Information of JICA
ODA Loans - 2,164.4 billion JPY (until 2010)*
• ODA loans support developing countries by providing low-interest, long-term and concessional funds to finance their development efforts.
Grant Aid - 159.3 billion JPY (until 2007)*
• Thailand has graduated from ordinary Grant Aid in 1993 but still has possibility to receive special Grant Aid.
*aggregated amount of assistance for Thailand
Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers - over 850 people (until 2009)*
• Volunteers has been allocated in government offices and schools across Thailand.
Support for formulating adequate environmental policy and environmental
planning
Support for strengthening systems
responding to environmental issues
Support for the improvement of technology for adequate environmental
management
JICA’s Approach in Environmental Management Field
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Capacity Development (CD) Capacity Development (CD) for Environmental Managementfor Environmental Management
JICA emphasizes Capacity Development (CD) in developing countries. CD is defined as:
“the process of the development for individuals, organizations, systems and society to solve problems through playing the roles individually or collectively and the process of development of the capacity (capacity to cope with problems) to set and meet goals”.
Capacity Development and JICA's Activities (JICA Website)http://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/reports/study/capacity/
Study Report on Capacity Development
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JICA’s Project Map in JICA’s Project Map in Environmental Management FieldEnvironmental Management Field
(Technical Cooperation, 2011)(Technical Cooperation, 2011)
Europe
Middle East
Africa
Asia
Oceania
North America/Latin America
★ Air Pollution (5) ● Water Pollution (26) ◆ Waste Management (19)■ Climate Change (21) ◎ Complex, Others (15) ( ): Number of projects
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More than 50% of the projects in Asia
(Asia: 45 projects, Total: 86 projects)
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Case Study : Support for Water Environment Management of Case Study : Support for Water Environment Management of Central and Local OrganizationsCentral and Local OrganizationsProgram on Vietnam Urban Water Environment ManagementProgram on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management
Program Goal
To reduce pollution load to public water bodies in Vietnam, thereby improving water quality and satisfying various water needs
Component 1:Capacity
Development of Research Institutes
Component 2:Capacity Development of Administrative Institutions
Charged with Overall Water Environmental
Management
Component 3:Development of Drainage
and Wastewater Infrastructure and
Management Capacity
Research Institutes MONRE and DONREs MOC and provincial development of public works
Main Target
T/C (VAST) Expert,T/C (MONRE)
Loan (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong, etc…), T/CInput
T/C (Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi)14
●Project purpose:Scientific and technological basis of VAST/IET for the improvement of the water environment will be further strengthened
●Outputs:1.Improvement of water quality monitoring and development of analysis methods2.Suitable technologies on domestic and industrial wastewater treatment3.Improvement of training courses on water quality monitoring and wastewater treatment
4.Encouragement of activities on water environment protection● Partner country organization: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology
●Project purpose:Scientific and technological basis of VAST/IET for the improvement of the water environment will be further strengthened
●Outputs:1.Improvement of water quality monitoring and development of analysis methods2.Suitable technologies on domestic and industrial wastewater treatment3.Improvement of training courses on water quality monitoring and wastewater treatment
4.Encouragement of activities on water environment protection● Partner country organization: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology
State of urban drainage State of the laboratory VAST/IET
Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Component 1: Enhancing Capacity of Vietnamese Academy of Component 1: Enhancing Capacity of Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology in Water Environment ProtectionScience and Technology in Water Environment Protection<Technical cooperation project> 2008.1-2012.1<Technical cooperation project> 2008.1-2012.1
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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment ManagementProgram on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Component 2: Capacity Development of Administrative Component 2: Capacity Development of Administrative Institutions Charged with Overall Water Environment Management Institutions Charged with Overall Water Environment Management <T/A Pro. related to ODA Loan> 2010.6-2012.5<T/A Pro. related to ODA Loan> 2010.6-2012.5
(1) Counterpart: MONRE(M) and target DONREs(D)
(2) Project sites: Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and HCM
(3) Output:
- Improvement of policy & systems (M)- Strengthening enforcement capacity of water pollution control (D)- Making effective water pollution control measures (D)- Raising awareness of public and industrial sectors on water environment (D)- Strengthening information management and utilization (M, D)
(1) Counterpart: MONRE(M) and target DONREs(D)
(2) Project sites: Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and HCM
(3) Output:
- Improvement of policy & systems (M)- Strengthening enforcement capacity of water pollution control (D)- Making effective water pollution control measures (D)- Raising awareness of public and industrial sectors on water environment (D)- Strengthening information management and utilization (M, D)
Haiphong
Hanoi
Hue
HCM
Ba Ria-Vung Tau
Project Purpose:Capacity of MONRE (Central Gov.) and target DONREs (Local Gov.) on water environmental management is strengthened.
Project Purpose:Capacity of MONRE (Central Gov.) and target DONREs (Local Gov.) on water environmental management is strengthened.
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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Component 3 : Development of Drainage and Wastewater Component 3 : Development of Drainage and Wastewater Infrastructure and Management CapacityInfrastructure and Management Capacity
M/P, F/S Hanoi city environmental management plan (2000) Hai Phong city environmental management plan (2001)Technical Cooperation Capacity development on sewerage management in Ho Chi Minh City (phase 1: 2009.5-2010.11, phase 2: 2011.9-2014.8)ODA loans Total amount: approximately US$150 millions Urban water environmental management projects in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong, Hue, and Binh Duong Province.
Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Improvement Project (1)Improvement Project (1)2001.3 L/A2001.3 L/A
← Ho Chi Minh City Sewage Treatment Plant
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Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in the Kingdom of Thailand 2010.1-2012.3the Kingdom of Thailand 2010.1-2012.3
●Background : Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization (TGO) has the task to promote and support all activities related to climate change mitigation in Thailand, and is responsible for promoting the strategies together with the Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC) under the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. However, since TGO is a new organization,
established just two years ago, the organization has several fields that can be further improved.
●Background : Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization (TGO) has the task to promote and support all activities related to climate change mitigation in Thailand, and is responsible for promoting the strategies together with the Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC) under the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. However, since TGO is a new organization,
established just two years ago, the organization has several fields that can be further improved.
●Project PurposeCapacity development for human resources and institutional strengthening on
GHG mitigation for TGO will be achieved●Project Outputs1.The level of knowledge and expertise of TGO staff on GHG mitigation will be
enhanced.2.Capacity of TGO to provide training will be enhanced.3.Capacity of TGO to review and monitor GHG mitigation project will be
enhanced.4.Capacity of TGO to manage information on GHG mitigation will be enhanced.●OrganizationThailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO)
●Project PurposeCapacity development for human resources and institutional strengthening on
GHG mitigation for TGO will be achieved●Project Outputs1.The level of knowledge and expertise of TGO staff on GHG mitigation will be
enhanced.2.Capacity of TGO to provide training will be enhanced.3.Capacity of TGO to review and monitor GHG mitigation project will be
enhanced.4.Capacity of TGO to manage information on GHG mitigation will be enhanced.●OrganizationThailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO)
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
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Capacity Building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Capacity Building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Implementation in Bangkok Implementation in Bangkok 2009.6-2012.52009.6-2012.5 ●Background :
Bangkok with nearly 10million populations contributes up to 43 million tons of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2007.
Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) set up the Action Plan 1)Expand the mass transit and improve traffic system; 2) promote the use of renewable energy; 3)Improve building electricity consumption efficiency; 4)Improve solid waste management and wastewater treatment efficiency; and 5)Expand park area. This action plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission by at least 15% of the total emission anticipated in the year 2012 under business as usual projection.
Climate change issue is quite new to BMA officials, who encountered difficulties for the implementation of Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation.
●Background : Bangkok with nearly 10million populations contributes up to 43 million
tons of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2007. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) set up the Action Plan
1)Expand the mass transit and improve traffic system; 2) promote the use of renewable energy; 3)Improve building electricity consumption efficiency; 4)Improve solid waste management and wastewater treatment efficiency; and 5)Expand park area. This action plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission by at least 15% of the total emission anticipated in the year 2012 under business as usual projection.
Climate change issue is quite new to BMA officials, who encountered difficulties for the implementation of Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation.
●Project purpose : Capacity of BMA to implement the Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation is strengthened.●Project outputs : 1)The organization capacity of BMA to tackle the issue of climate change in an integrated manner is increased. 2)The capacity of BMA staffs in implementing each of the five initiative of Action Plan is increased. ● Organization : Department of Environment, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)
●Project purpose : Capacity of BMA to implement the Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation is strengthened.●Project outputs : 1)The organization capacity of BMA to tackle the issue of climate change in an integrated manner is increased. 2)The capacity of BMA staffs in implementing each of the five initiative of Action Plan is increased. ● Organization : Department of Environment, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
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Design and Develop Basic Schemes for PRTR System (Planning) Design and Develop Basic Schemes for PRTR System (Planning) 2011.03 – 2015.022011.03 – 2015.02●Background : The main objective of this project is to develop a model for PRTR system in
Thailand. PRTRs, known as a database system, provides public access to information on amounts of pollutants released from different point and/or non point sources to each environmental medium (air, water, soil) and/or transferred off-site for waste management or wastewater treatment. PRTR also encourages industry, business to reduce releases and transfers of waste and to adopt cleaner production techniques. In addition, PRTR provide information for governments to develop plans for pollution prevention, control measurement and for chemicals management in a sound manner.
There are 3 concerned organizations in Thailand, DIW, IEAT and PCD, join in the project. Under 4 years of the technical cooperation; JICA would support a technical guidance for Thai counterparts pertaining to the implementation of the project. Rayong Province is chosen for launching a pilot trial, since Maptaput and area nearby is currently known as the major source of industrial pollution. However; other sources of pollution such as agriculture and vehicle will be carried out in the study.
●Background : The main objective of this project is to develop a model for PRTR system in
Thailand. PRTRs, known as a database system, provides public access to information on amounts of pollutants released from different point and/or non point sources to each environmental medium (air, water, soil) and/or transferred off-site for waste management or wastewater treatment. PRTR also encourages industry, business to reduce releases and transfers of waste and to adopt cleaner production techniques. In addition, PRTR provide information for governments to develop plans for pollution prevention, control measurement and for chemicals management in a sound manner.
There are 3 concerned organizations in Thailand, DIW, IEAT and PCD, join in the project. Under 4 years of the technical cooperation; JICA would support a technical guidance for Thai counterparts pertaining to the implementation of the project. Rayong Province is chosen for launching a pilot trial, since Maptaput and area nearby is currently known as the major source of industrial pollution. However; other sources of pollution such as agriculture and vehicle will be carried out in the study.
●Organization Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (PCD)
Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry (DIW) Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Ministry of Industry
(IEAT)
●Organization Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (PCD)
Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry (DIW) Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Ministry of Industry
(IEAT)
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
15
●Background Southeast Asian country located in tropical regions often suffer from drought
in the dry season and flood in the wet reason. Thailand is the country leading the economic growth in Southeast Asia. The promotion of 3R(Reduce,Reuse and Recycle) of water resource is needed there for elimination of the access to safe water and conservation of water quality. This project research and development of water reuse technologies which contribute to the 3R of water resource in Thailand and other tropical countries.
●Background Southeast Asian country located in tropical regions often suffer from drought
in the dry season and flood in the wet reason. Thailand is the country leading the economic growth in Southeast Asia. The promotion of 3R(Reduce,Reuse and Recycle) of water resource is needed there for elimination of the access to safe water and conservation of water quality. This project research and development of water reuse technologies which contribute to the 3R of water resource in Thailand and other tropical countries.
●Project purpose: Appropriate water reuse technology is newly developed for wide application
with an establishment of institutional framework for effective management in Thailand.
● Project outputs : 1) Institutional framework for research, development and promotion of water
reuse technology is developed.2) New energy-saving (or net energy-balanced) decentralized water reclamation
and reuse system is developed to practically install for on site operation.3) New water reuse technology with resource production (or GHG emission
reduction) is developed to practically install for on-site operation.4) Effective management and monitoring system for community – based water
reuse is developed.●Partner country organization: Environmental Research and Training Center, Chulalongkorn University,
Kasetsart University
●Project purpose: Appropriate water reuse technology is newly developed for wide application
with an establishment of institutional framework for effective management in Thailand.
● Project outputs : 1) Institutional framework for research, development and promotion of water
reuse technology is developed.2) New energy-saving (or net energy-balanced) decentralized water reclamation
and reuse system is developed to practically install for on site operation.3) New water reuse technology with resource production (or GHG emission
reduction) is developed to practically install for on-site operation.4) Effective management and monitoring system for community – based water
reuse is developed.●Partner country organization: Environmental Research and Training Center, Chulalongkorn University,
Kasetsart University
Research and Development for water reuse technology in tropical regions Research and Development for water reuse technology in tropical regions
2009.5-2013.32009.5-2013.3
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
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Innovation on production and automotive utilization of biofuels from non-food Innovation on production and automotive utilization of biofuels from non-food biomassbiomass 2010-2014 2010-2014
●Background : Sustainable introduction of biofuels into the transportation sector is
a promising measure to reduce the causes of climate changes, so there have been pressing demands for the development of the innovative technology to produce transport fuels from non-food biomass. In this project, we will develop the scientific and technological bases for the production of transport biofuels, and for the evaluation of biofuels in automotive utilization and in life cycle assessment (LCA).
We will focus on Jatropha as a non-food biomass, and will develop the novel biofuels production technology from Jatropha residues in addition to the technology for production of high quality biofuels from Jatropha oil to enhance its over-all utilization efficiency.
●Background : Sustainable introduction of biofuels into the transportation sector is
a promising measure to reduce the causes of climate changes, so there have been pressing demands for the development of the innovative technology to produce transport fuels from non-food biomass. In this project, we will develop the scientific and technological bases for the production of transport biofuels, and for the evaluation of biofuels in automotive utilization and in life cycle assessment (LCA).
We will focus on Jatropha as a non-food biomass, and will develop the novel biofuels production technology from Jatropha residues in addition to the technology for production of high quality biofuels from Jatropha oil to enhance its over-all utilization efficiency.
●Project Outputs1. Production of high quality BDF from Jatropha
oil, including LCA evaluation 2. Production of bio-oils from Jatropha residues3. Upgrading of bio-oils, including LCA
evaluation4. Evaluation of engine and emission
performances of new fuels5. Capacity building and technology transfer
●Project Outputs1. Production of high quality BDF from Jatropha
oil, including LCA evaluation 2. Production of bio-oils from Jatropha residues3. Upgrading of bio-oils, including LCA
evaluation4. Evaluation of engine and emission
performances of new fuels5. Capacity building and technology transfer
KMUTNB
Market use of new fuels
Pyrolysis/ catalytic conversionJatropha fruit
BDF
Gasoline, etc.
Chemical/ catalytic conversion
oil
residues
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
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Integrated Study Project on Hydro-Meteorological Prediction and Adaptation Integrated Study Project on Hydro-Meteorological Prediction and Adaptation to Climate Change in Thailand (IMPAC-T) 2009.4-2014.3to Climate Change in Thailand (IMPAC-T) 2009.4-2014.3
●Organization : Kasetsart University, Thailand Meteorological
Department, Royal Irrigation Department, University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, Tohoku University, NIAES: National Institute for Agro-Environment Sciences, NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
●Organization : Kasetsart University, Thailand Meteorological
Department, Royal Irrigation Department, University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, Tohoku University, NIAES: National Institute for Agro-Environment Sciences, NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies
●Project Purpose A prototype of the integrated system to help decision-making
on the adaptation for water-related risks under climate change impact is established.
●Project Outputs1. Monitoring capacity in the field of hydro-meteorology for
climate change impact is enhanced.2. An integrated model in consist with natural hydrological cycle
and anthropogenic activities is developed.3. Methodology of water-related risk assessment incorporating
with climate change impact and anthropogenic activities are developed.
●Project Purpose A prototype of the integrated system to help decision-making
on the adaptation for water-related risks under climate change impact is established.
●Project Outputs1. Monitoring capacity in the field of hydro-meteorology for
climate change impact is enhanced.2. An integrated model in consist with natural hydrological cycle
and anthropogenic activities is developed.3. Methodology of water-related risk assessment incorporating
with climate change impact and anthropogenic activities are developed.
●Background Water is natural environment that characterizes climate
condition which could also have an impact on water resources and their availability. Its seasonal and inter-annual variation sometimes leads to severe damages in water environment as well as human society. Therefore it is essential to monitor and comprehend hydrological cycles to foresee subsequent phenomena of water environment, to assess possible risks, and to prepare countermeasures against those risks. Such system would enable decision-makers at various levels of Thai government to operate reservoirs adequately, to make early-warnings of water-related disasters, and to develop control/management strategies for water issues.
●Background Water is natural environment that characterizes climate
condition which could also have an impact on water resources and their availability. Its seasonal and inter-annual variation sometimes leads to severe damages in water environment as well as human society. Therefore it is essential to monitor and comprehend hydrological cycles to foresee subsequent phenomena of water environment, to assess possible risks, and to prepare countermeasures against those risks. Such system would enable decision-makers at various levels of Thai government to operate reservoirs adequately, to make early-warnings of water-related disasters, and to develop control/management strategies for water issues.
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
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The Project on Capacity Development in Disaster Management (Phase-2)The Project on Capacity Development in Disaster Management (Phase-2) 2010 -2014 2010 -2014
●Project Purpose Capacity of DDPM is enhanced to scale up
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action Plans, Community Based Disaster Risk Management: CBDRM and disaster education, collaborating with concerned agencies, provincial and local levels.
●Project Outputs1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action
Plans with considerations for vulnerable people are formulated for national, provincial and local authorities (in the target provinces).
2. Capacity of DDPM staff as facilitators on implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is enhanced.
3.Training curriculum at DPMA is improved.4. Based on the Natural disaster
preparedness educational curriculum, schools have improved preparedness for disaster.
●OrganizationDepartment of Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation (DDPM)Ministry of Education (MOE) (Co-
Implementing Agency)
●Project Purpose Capacity of DDPM is enhanced to scale up
Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action Plans, Community Based Disaster Risk Management: CBDRM and disaster education, collaborating with concerned agencies, provincial and local levels.
●Project Outputs1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action
Plans with considerations for vulnerable people are formulated for national, provincial and local authorities (in the target provinces).
2. Capacity of DDPM staff as facilitators on implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is enhanced.
3.Training curriculum at DPMA is improved.4. Based on the Natural disaster
preparedness educational curriculum, schools have improved preparedness for disaster.
●OrganizationDepartment of Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation (DDPM)Ministry of Education (MOE) (Co-
Implementing Agency)
●Background Established in 2002, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is an
organization responsible for general disaster management including disaster prevention and emergency response taking the Asian Tsunami in December 2004 as a turning point. It is a pressing challenge to develop the capacity of DDPM to cope with natural disasters in Thailand by collaborating with concerned various organizations.
The Project for Capacity Development in Disaster Management in Thailand (Phase-1) was carried out from August 2006 to August 2008.Now the Phase-2 is implementing aiming at improving and up-scaling the outputs of the Phase-1 in order to improve disaster risk management activities and mitigate damages caused by natural disasters.
●Background Established in 2002, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is an
organization responsible for general disaster management including disaster prevention and emergency response taking the Asian Tsunami in December 2004 as a turning point. It is a pressing challenge to develop the capacity of DDPM to cope with natural disasters in Thailand by collaborating with concerned various organizations.
The Project for Capacity Development in Disaster Management in Thailand (Phase-1) was carried out from August 2006 to August 2008.Now the Phase-2 is implementing aiming at improving and up-scaling the outputs of the Phase-1 in order to improve disaster risk management activities and mitigate damages caused by natural disasters.
Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)
Economic development →
DestructiveUse of
Ecosystem
PollutionControl
Uniform Regulation
Correspondenceto Environmental
Needs
Creation ofEnvironmentalValue-added
•Regulations considering individual conditions•From quantity to quality•Material cycle•Energy saving•Environmental education, etc.
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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
http://www.jica.go.jp/english/index.html
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