July 22, 2015 to Amnesty International Board of Directors

8/20/2019 July 22, 2015 to Amnesty International Board of Directors

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Salil Shetty July 22, 2015Secretary GeneralAmnesty International

Steven W. HawkinsExecutive Director

Amnesty International USA

Amnesty International Board of Directors

Dear Mr. Shetty, Mr. Hawkins and the Amnesty International Board of Directors:

We write to you in light of Amnesty International’s “Draft Policy on Sex Work ” to be reportedly submittedfor consideration at its International Council Meeting in Dublin, from 7-11 August 2015, and which endorsesthe full decriminalization of the sex industry.1

The signatories below represent a wide breadth of national and international human rights advocates,women's rights organizations, faith-based and secular organizations and concerned individuals, deeply

troubled by Amnesty’s proposal to adopt a policy that calls for the decriminalization of pimps, brothelowners and buyers of sex — the pillars of a $99 billion global sex industry.2 Most importantly, the signersinclude courageous survivors of the sex trade whose authority of experience informs us about the inescapableharms the sex trade inflicted on them and guides us toward finding meaningful solutions toward ending thesehuman rights violations.

Amnesty International was the first and most prominent organization to bring the concept of human rights tothe global community. Although Amnesty was late in understanding that women’s rights are human rightsand incorporating this concept in its mission, it was nevertheless seen as a beacon in mobilizing the public toensure governments’ implementation of the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The“Draft Policy on Sex Work 3” flies in the face of this historical reputation.

We firmly believe and agree with Amnesty that human beings bought and sold in the sex trade, who aremostly women, must not be criminalized in any jurisdiction and that their human rights must be respected and protected to the fullest extent. We also agree that, with the exception of a few countries, governments andlaw enforcement grievously violate prostituted individuals’ human rights. However, what your “Draft Policyon Sex Work” is incomprehensibly proposing is the wholesale decriminalization of the sex industry, which ineffect legalizes pimping, brothel owning and sex buying.

Growing evidence shows the catastrophic effects of decriminalization of the sex trade. The Germangovernment, for example, which deregulated the industry of prostitution in 2002, has found that the sexindustry was not made safer for women after the enactment of its law.4 Instead, the explosive growth of legal brothels in Germany has triggered an increase in sex trafficking.5

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Amnesty International, 32nd International Council Meeting, Circular No. 18, 2015 ICM Circular: Draft Policy on Sex Work; AI Index: ORG 50/1940/20152 International Labour Organization, Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced Labour (Geneva: ILO, 2014),http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_243391.pdf # Amnesty uses the term “sex work,” a term invented by the sex industry and its supporters to mainstream and normalize the inherent violence, degradation

and dehumanization that defines prostitution. It is not a term that complies with the principles of human rights or with international law.4 German Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Report by the Federal Government on the Impact of the Act Regulatingthe Legal Situation of Prostitutes (Prostitution Act), (Berlin: 2007), https://ec.europa.eu/anti-trafficking/sites/antitrafficking/files/federal_government_report_of_the_impact_of_the_act_regulating_the_legal_situation_of_prostitutes_2007_en_1.pdf 5 Seo-Young Cho, Axel Dreher and Eric Neumayer, “Does Legalized Prostitution Increase Human Trafficking?,” World Development 41 (2013): 75-76,http://www.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/whosWho/profiles/neumayer/pdf/Article-for-World-Development-_prostitution_-anonymous-REVISED.pdf

http://tasmaniantimes.com/images/uploads/Circular_18_Draft_Policy_on_Sex_Work_final.pdf


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Decriminalization of the sex trade renders brothel owners “businessmen” who with impunity facilitate thetrafficking of very young women predominantly from the poorest countries of Eastern Europe and the GlobalSouth to meet the increased demand for prostitution. For instance, the 2002 German deregulation lawspawned countrywide brothel chains that offer “Friday-night specials”6 for men who have license to purchasewomen for sexual acts that include acts of torture.7 This prompted mainstream news outlets to tag Germany

the “Bordello of Europe.” 8

Last year, leading trauma experts in Germany petitioned their government torepeal the 2002 law, underlining the extensive psychological harm that serial, unwanted sexual invasion andviolence, which are among the hallmarks of prostitution, inflicts on women. Harm reduction is not enough,they explain; governments and civil society must invest in harm elimination.9

Additionally, reports indicate that the Netherlands has also seen an exponential increase in sex traffickingthat is directly linked to that government’s decriminalization of the sex industry in 2000.10 The Dutchgovernment confirms such links.11 Up to 90%12 of the women in Amsterdam’s brothels are EasternEuropean, African and Asian women who are being patronized by predominantly Caucasian men. Without avibrant sex industry, there would be no sex trafficking.

Amnesty appears to shape its opinion about the sex industry primarily from the perspective of the HIV/AIDSsector, including UNAIDS.13 As worthy as their global work is, it is evident that these groups have very littleunderstanding, if any, of violence against women and the intersectionality of race, gender and inequality.Defending the health and human rights of women is significantly more complex than the single aim of protecting individuals from HIV/AIDS, however critical. The primary goals of UNAIDS and other agenciesthat support limited harm reduction policies in the sex industry seem far more concerned with the health ofsex buyers than the lives of prostituted and sex trafficked women. On the other hand, medical professionals,including gynecologists and mental health providers, confirm that regardless of how a woman ends up in thesex trade, the abuse, sexual violence and pervasive injuries these women endure at the hands of their pimpsand “clients,” lead to life-long physical and psychological harm — and, too often, death.14

Moreover, international laws and covenants15 recognize the abuse of power over acutely vulnerable

populations — the poor, the incested, the transgendered, the homeless — as a tool for the purpose of

6 Nisha Lilia Diu,“Welcome to Paradise: Inside the World of Legalised Prostitution,” The Telegraph, January 8, 2015, http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/welcome-to-paradise/ 7 For a list of ‘sexual services’ the German brothel chain Pascha offers in Cologne, Munich, Salzburg, Linz and Graz, go to http://www.pascha.de/en/8 Cordula Meyer, Conny Neumann, Fidelius Schmid, Petra Truckendanner and Steffen Winter, “Unprotected: How Legalizing Prostitution Has Failed,” DerSpiegel , May 30, 2013, http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/human-trafficking-persists-despite-legality-of-prostitution-in-germany-a-902533-3.html Jim Reed, “Mega-brothels: Has Germany become the ‘bordello of Europe’?,” BBC , February 21, 2014 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26261221

9 “TraumatherapeutInnen gegen Prostitution!” EMMA, September 25, 2014, http://www.emma.de/artikel/traumatherapeutinnen-gegen-prostitution-31778710 Daalder, A. L. (2007). Prostitution in The Netherlands since the lifting of the brothel ban [English version]. The Hague: WODC / Boom Juridische

Uitgevers, https://english.wodc.nl/onderzoeksdatabase/1204e-engelse-vertaling-rapport-evaluatie-opheffing-bordeelverbod.aspx11 Wim Huisman and Edward R. Kleemans, “The challenges of fighting sex trafficking in the legalized prostitution market of the Netherlands,” Crime, Lawand Social Change 61.2 (2014): 215-228.

Naftali Bendavid, “Amsterdam Debates Sex Trade,” The Wall Street Journal, June 30, 2013,

http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324049504578543370643627376 "$ KLPD (Korps Landelijke Politiediensten) – Dienst Nationale Recherche (juli 2008). Schone schijn, de signalering van mensenhandel in de vergunde

prostitutiesector. Driebergen. 13 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, UNAIDS Guidance Note on HIV and Sex Work (Geneva: United Nations, 2012)http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/sub_landing/files/JC2306_UNAIDS-guidance-note-HIV-sex-work_en.pdf 14 See two interviews, respectively conducted by Taina Bien-Aimé, with German trauma expert Dr. Ingeborg Kraus in “Germany Wins the Title of ‘Bordelloof Europe’: Why Doesn’t Angela Merkel Care?” The Huffington Post , May 27, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/taina-bienaime/germany-wins-the-title-of_b_7446636.html; and Dr. Julia Geynisman, founder of the Survivor Clinic in “’If You Build It, They Will Come’: The Survivor Clinic Tackles SexTrafficking in New York City,” The Huffington Post , July 14, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/taina-bienaime/if-you-build-itthey-will-

_b_7785724.html 15 Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing theUnited Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime , Palermo, 15 November 2000, United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 2237, p. 319; Doc.A/55/383


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exploitation. Disenfranchised women of color, including Aboriginal, Native, First Nations, African-American and “Scheduled Castes” women, are overwhelmingly represented among the prostituted and thesex trafficked.16 Every day, we combat male access to women’s bodies through power and control, fromfemale genital mutilation to forced marriage; from domestic violence to violation of reproductive rights. Theexchange of money for such access does not eliminate the violence women face in the sex trade. It isunfathomable that a human rights organization of Amnesty’s stature is failing to recognize prostitution as a

cause and consequence of gender inequality.

A primary way of protecting the human rights of commercially sexually exploited individuals is to providecomprehensive services and exit strategies, should they opt to leave the sex trade, and to hold their exploitersaccountable. A number of governments have already passed legislation that reflects this gender and humanrights framework.17 In a 2014 resolution, the European Parliament also recognized prostitution as a form ofviolence against women and an affront to human dignity, urging its members to pass laws that decriminalize solely those who sell sex and criminalize solely those who purchase it.18

Consequently, should Amnesty vote to support the decriminalization of pimping, brothel owning and sex buying, it will in effect support a system of gender apartheid , in which one category of women may gain protection from sexual violence and sexual harassment, and offered economic and educational opportunities;while another category of women, whose lives are shaped by absence of choice, are instead set apart forconsumption by men and for the profit of their pimps, traffickers and brothel owners. Neither the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, nor international law excepts any human being from enjoying a life free ofviolence and of dignity.

Peter Benenson, the founder of Amnesty, once said: “The candle burns not for us, but for all those whom wefailed to rescue from prison, who were shot on the way to prison, who were tortured, who were kidnapped,who ‘disappeared.’ That is what the candle is for.”

Amnesty's reputation in upholding human rights for every individual would be severely and irreparablytarnished if it adopts a policy that sides with buyers of sex, pimps and other exploiters rather than with the

exploited. By so voting, Amnesty would blow out its own candle.

We implore Amnesty to stand on the side of justice and equality for all.

Sincerely yours,

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), New York, 18 December 1979, United Nations Treaty Series,vol.1249, in which Article 6 urges member States to “take all appropriate measures, including legislation, to suppress all forms of traffic in women and

exploitation of prostitution of women.” The UN General Assembly Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others, 2 December1949, A/RES/317 states that “prostitution is incompatible with the dignity and worth of the human person and endangers the welfare of the individual, thefamily and the community.”16 Cherry Smiley, “Real change for aboriginal women begins with the end of prostitution,” The Globe and Mail, January 14, 2015,http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/real-change-for-aboriginal-women-begins-with-the-end-of-prostitution/article22442349/ 17 These set of laws, currently known as the “Nordic Model,” were passed by Sweden (1999), South Korea (2004, with modifications), Iceland (2008),

Norway (2009), Canada (2014, with modifications), Northern Ireland (2015). Other jurisdictions debating the enactment of the “Nordic Model” in theirlegislatures include France, Ireland, Israel, Lithuania and certain jurisdictions in the United States.18 Report on sexual exploitation and prostitution and its impact on gender equality, European Parliament Committee on Women’s Rights and GenderEquality, 4 February 2014 available from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+REPORT+A7-2014-0071+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN#title1


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Magdy Abdel-HamidEgyptian Association For CommunityParticipation Enhancement Egypt

Tahira Abdulla Pakistan

Peter Abetz MLAParliament of Western Australia Australia

Adopt Nordic WA Australia

Mohammed AliHuman Rights Activist and Board Member,Feminist Initiative Oslo Norway

Leila El AliExecutive Director, Association Najdeh(member of IFE-EFI) Lebanon

Coralie Alison National Director of Operations, CollectiveShout Australia

Nancy AllenHuman Trafficking Freedom CoalitionUSA

Benedict AlnaesHuman Rights Activist and Board Member,Feminist Initiative Oslo Norway

Rev. Dr. Cheryl AnthonyJudah InternationalUSA

APT (Act to Prevent Trafficking)

Ireland

Martha Lucía Arcila A.

Mirela ArqimandritiExecutive Director, Gender Alliance forDevelopment Center Albania

Roxana Arroyo

President, Fundación Justicia y GéneroCosta Rica

Billy B. AshbyUSA

Muriel Salmona, Doctor of Psychiatry,PresidentJudith Trinquart, Doctor of Legal Medicine,

General SecretaryAssociation Mémoire Traumatique etVictimologie

France

Gertrud ÅströmPresident, Hela HUT ABSweden

Holly G. Atkinson, M.D., FACP

Director, Human Rights ProgramArnhold Global Health Institute at Mount SinaiUSA

Colleen AtwoodUSA


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Élaine AudetWriter and Editor, Sisyphe.orgCanada

Seher Aydar

Leader, Anti-racism Center, Oslo Norway

Jackie AzizSecretary to Director of Mission, St. Joseph’sHospiceUK

Bagong Kamalayan Survivors’ CollectiveThe Philippines

Laure BanksGreater Allen CathedralUSA

Trisha BaptieFounding Member and Community EngagementCoordinator, EVE (formerly Exploited Voicesnow Educating)

Canada

Laure BanksGreater Allen Cathedral

Christine BaranskiUSA

Barbara BaresUSA

Angela BassettUSA

Hélène BédardLa Maison de MartheCanada

Cynthia BellingerRestoring Our Community Media Arts NetworkUSA

Samantha Berg

Women’s Liberation Front (WoLF)USA

Stina BergstenFounder and Board Member, Feminist InitiativeParty Oslo Norway

Taina Bien-AiméExecutive Director, Coalition Against

Trafficking in Women – InternationalUSA

Julie BindelJournalist and Feminist Campaigner, BoardMember, SPACE InternationalUK

Collette N. Bishop, MSW

The Organization for Prostitution Survivors(OPS) and Seattle Therapy Alliance (STA)USA

Aud Karin BjørnExecutive Committee Member and BoardMember, The Women's Front of Norway Norway

Emily Blunt

UK

Susan BolotinUSA


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Anne BonfiglioExecutive Director, Partnership for StudentAdvancementUSA

Helle BorgenFeminist Spokesperson and Vice President, RedParty of Norway Norway

Lise BouvetCollectif Resources Prostitution France

Debra Boyer, PhDExecutive Director, Organization forProstitution SurvivorsUSA

Jane BradleyUSA

Mar Brettmann, PhD

Executive Director, BEST (Businesses EndingSlavery & Trafficking)USA

Sally Ann Brickner, OSFJustice, Peace, and Integrity of CreationCoordinator, Congregation of Sisters of St.AgnesUSA

Jimmie BriggsFounding Executive Director, ManUpCampaign, and Current Executive Director,LOVE (Leave Out Violence)

Tina BrownUK/USA

Dana BuchmanUSA

Ted Bunch

Co-Founder, A CALL TO MENUSA

Judith BuckmanSouth Jersey National Organization for Women(NOW) – Alice Paul ChapterUSA

Susie Tomkins BuellUSA

BUKLOD Survivors – OlongapoThe Philippines

Francesca BurackEnterprising and Professional Women – NYC(EPW-NYC)USA

Autumn BurrisFounding Director, Survivors for SolutionsUSA

Twiss ButlerUSA

Rev. William CabanTemplo Candelero de Oro

Lydia CachoAuthor and Activist; Winner – AmnestyInternational Human Rights Award (2008),Amnesty International U.S.A Ginetta SaganAward (2009) and Women of the WorldThompson Reuters Award for Bravery inJournalism (2012) Mexico


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Laure CailleGeneral Secretary, Libres MarianneS (LMS) France

Campaign to End Rape and Truth About Rape

UK

Pilar Gonzalez CanoMember, RENATE (Religious in Europe Networking Against Trafficking & Exploitation)Spain

Micheline CarrierEditor, Sisyphe.orgCanada

Rev. Dr. Michael CarrionEvangelical Covenant Church and NationalLatino Evangelical CoalitionUSA

Vednita CarterFounder and President, Breaking Free, Inc.USA

Phoebe Cates-KlineUSA

Michelle ChapmanYouthful Solutions

CEDAW WatchThe Philippines

Luce CloutierAnthropologist and Consultant Canada

Margaux ColletOsez le féminisme! France

John ConversetDirector, Office of JPIC, North AmericanProvince, Comboni MissionariesUSA

Chris CooperUSA

Marianne CooperUSA

Lawrence CouchDirector, National Advocacy Center of theSisters of the Good ShepherdUSA

Ziba CranmerExecutive Director, Demand AbolitionUSA

Sr. Colette CroninThe Institute of Our Lady of MercyUK

Rev. Adrian Dannhauser,Chair, Task Force Against Human Traffickingfor the Episcopal Diocese of New YorkUSA

Wendy DavisDirector, Rooms of our OwnUK

Sr. Joan Dawber, SC

Executive Director, LifeWay NetworkUSA

Michèle DayrasSOS Sexisme France


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Sr. Lynda Dearlove rsmwomen@thewellUK

Elizabeth F. Defeis

Professor of Law, Seton Hall School of LawUSA

Dr. Stephen M. De Luca, Esq.Chairman, Legislative/Policy Committee, NJCoalition Against Human TraffickingUSA

Jonathan DemmeUSA

Michelle Madden DempseyProfessor of Law, Villanova University Schoolof LawUSA

Grace Hightower De NiroUSA

Monique DentalFounding President, Réseau Féministe“Ruptures” France

Claire DesaintVice President, Association Réussir l'égalitéFemmes-Hommes (REFH) France

Fatoumata Siré DiakitéExecutive Director, Association pour leDéveloppement de la Femme and ACTPEW Mali

Danny DiazLove Gospel AssemblyUSA

Rossana Dimarca

Member of Parliament and FeministSpokesperson, Swedish Left PartySweden

Winifred DohertyCongregation of Our Lady of Charity of theGood ShepherdWorldwide

Domestic Violence Advocacy Service Ireland

Robert DouglasSCOUSA

Catherine J. DouglassUSA

Jennifer DrewConsultant, Scottish Women AgainstPornographyUK

Geneviève DuchéPresident, l’Amicale du Nid France

Rose Dufour Ph.D.,

Anthropologist and Executive Director, LaMaison de MartheCanada

Martin DufresneZéromacho QuébecCanada


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Jaha DukurehFounder and Executive Director, Safe Hands forGirlsUSA/The Gambia

Lena DunhamUSA

Linda EmondUSA

EMMA MagazineGermany

Diane English

USA

Rev. Que English NYC Faith-Based Coalition Against HumanTrafficking and Domestic ViolenceUSA

Rev. Tim EnglishBronx Christian Fellowship

USA

Mary Enright, DMJUSA

Jean EnriquezExecutive Director, Coalition AgainstTrafficking in Women – Asia Pacific (CATW-AP)The Philippines

Eve EnslerPlaywright and Founder, V-DayUSA

European Women’s Lobby – French Chapter France

Matthew B. Ezzell, PhDAssociate Professor of SociologyDepartment of Sociology & AnthropologyJames Madison UniversityUSA

Alda FacioExpert Member on L.A.C., Working Group onthe Issue of Discrimination Against Women,Human Rights CouncilCosta Rica

Madge FahySocial Questions Committee,Catholic Women's League of Victoria and

Wagga Wagga Australia

Natasha FalleSex Trade 101Canada

Melissa Farley, Ph.D., Executive Director,Prostitution Research & Education

USA

Rev. Grant FinlayUniting Aboriginal and Islander ChristianCongress (UAICC) Tasmania Australia

Anna FisherUK

Catherine A. FitzpatrickWriter and TranslatorUSA

Mark FlynnChrist United Methodist ChurchUSA


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Marie-Hélène FranjouPublic Health Doctor France

Margot Franssen, OC

Co-Chair, National Task Force on SexTrafficking of Canadian Women and GirlsCanada

Pierre Fritsch France

Paulo FullerThe Philippines

Sr. M. Cordis GanslmeierSisters of Our Lady of CharityProvinzleiterin,Germany/Albania

Kate GanzUSA

Pat Gartlan Nordic Model Australia Coalition (NorMAC)

and Amnesty International Australia Australia

Henry Louis Gates, Jr.USA

Mariam Garuba, M.D.USA

Sarah Gavron

UK

Julia Geynisman, M.D.Founder, Survivor Clinic, and Obstetrics andGynecology, New York Presbyterian – WeillCornell Med CenterUSA

Myani Gilbert Master of Social Work Student, University ofWashingtonUSA

Cheryl GloverUnion Grove Missionary Baptist ChurchUSA

Molly GochmanStardust FundUSA

Margeaux GraySurvivor Advocate, Motivational Speaker, Artist

National Survivor NetworkUSA

Sr. Margaret GonziCongregation of Our Lady of Charity of theGood Shepherd Malta

Aneta Grabowska

Mary GreyRENATE (Religious in Europe NetworkingAgainst Trafficking & Exploitation) Poland

Catríona GrahamAnti-Trafficking Awareness Officer, ImmigrantCouncil of Ireland Ireland

Diane GuilbaultVice President, Pour les droits des femmes duQuébec (PDF Québec)Canada


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Ruchira GuptaFounder and President, Apne Aap WomenWorldwide, and Professor, New YorkUniversity India

Lynda HaddockUK

Rev. Kate HaggarMinister of Religion Australia

Marie Hélène Halligon, OLCGSMain Representative for Congregation of Our

Lady Charity of the Good Shepherd, GoodShepherd International Justice and Peace Office(Vienna) and Core Member, RENATE(Religious in Europe Networking AgainstTrafficking and Exploitation) France

Lilian Halls-FrenchCo-President, Euromed Feminist Initiative IFE-

EFI France

Jalna HanmerUK

Ingrid HalvorsenHuman Rights Activist and Board Member, TheWomen's Front of Norway Norway

Marcia Gay HardenUSA

Rev. Maria HarreroHis Grace FellowshipUSA

Yasmeen HassanGlobal Director, Equality NowWorldwide

Anne Hathaway

USA

Dr. Anita HeiligerSociologist, Gender Studies/ViolencePrevention, KOFRA (Communication Centerfor Women in Work and Life) and InitiativeStop SexkaufGermany

Rev. Dr. Peter Heltzel

Micah InstituteUSA

Rosen HicherSurvivor and Abolitionist ActivistMarche Pour L’Abolition France

Adriane Hill

New York Theological SeminaryUSA

Kaethe Morris HofferExecutive Director, Chicago Alliance AgainstSexual ExploitationUSA

Matthew Holloway - BSocSc (Couns)Secretary, Nordic Model Australia Coalition

(NorMAC)

Ingrid HörneboAdvisor, Norwegian Parliament, andRepresentative, The Norwegian Socialist LeftParty Norway


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Klein Huhuette France

R. Evon Idahosa, Esq.Founder/Executive Director

PathFinders Justice Initiative, Inc.USA/Nigeria

Gerald ImperialThe Philippines

Ashley ByrdCarolyn Carney Calvin Chan Cristina Chapelle

Emily CraigTim CraigDaniela Lancara Ashish Mathew R. York MooreDouglas PaillereInterVarsity Christian Fellowship

USA

Irish Countrywomen’s Association Ireland

Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation Ireland

Katie Irwin NJ Coalition Against Human TraffickingUSA

Ghada JabbourCo-Founding Member and Head of theExploitation & Trafficking in Women Unit,KAFA (enough) Violence & Exploitation Lebanon

Margarita Jankauskait! Center for Equality Advancement Lithuania

Aurora Javate-de Dios

Board Chair, Coalition Against Trafficking inWomen – InternationalThe Philippines

Rodrigo JiménezCo-Director, Women, Gender and JusticeProgram, United Nations Latin AmericanInstitute for Crime PreventionCosta Rica

Lone Alice JohansenSenior Advisor, Secretariat of the ShelterMovement Norway Norway

Sarah JonesUSA

Gu"rún Jónsdóttir

Spokeswoman, Stígamóta Iceland

Boriana JönssonEuromed Feminist Initiative IFE-EFI France

Rev. Dr. Emma Jordan-SimpsonConcord Baptist ChurchUSA

Daisy Z. Alvarez JuarezVenezuela


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Lyne JubinvilleComputer Science Professional and Treasurer,Pour les droits des femmes du Québec (PDFQuébec)Canada

Borbala JuhászHungarian Women’s Lobby Hungary

Jennifer KaySex Trafficking Survivors UnitedUSA

Miyuki Kawachi

University of the PhilippinesThe Philippines

Anne KelleherCommunications, RENATE (Religious inEurope Networking Against Trafficking andExploitation) Ireland

Constance Kennedy, CSJCo-Chair of Coalition, Religious Congregations- to Stop Human Trafficking (CRC-STOP),Social Justice Committee, Congregation of St.JosephUSA

Dr. Renate KleinFINRRAGE (Australia) and AmnestyInternational Australia QLD Branch Member

Australia

Inge KleineAbolish Prostitution Now and Abolition 2014Germany

Greta KlineUSA

Kevin KlineUSA

Owen KlineUSA

Rita KohliTools for ChangeCanada

Dr. Ingeborg KrausScientists for a World Without ProstitutionGermany

Cathrine Linn KristiansenFirst Name, Feminist Initiative Oslo, and BoardMember, The Women's Front of Norway Norway

Lisa KudrowUSA

Iluta LaceDirector, Marta Resource Centre for Women Latvia

Yeun Lagadeuc-Ygouf France

Lee LakemanCanada

Barbara Arminio La MortBenedictine AcademyUSA


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Felicity LangtonChair, Collective Shout Australia

Kylla Lanier

Deputy Director, Truckers Against TraffickingUSA

Imam Khalid LatifThe Islamic Center at New York UniversityUSA

Sr. Hannah Rita Laue OPDominican Sisters of Bethany, Sv. Jazepaklosteris Latvia

Aye Sithu Htun (a) Mary Eunan LawrenceCongregation of Our Lady of Charity of theGood Shepherd

Annette Lawson OBEChair, The Judith Trust,Immediate Past Chair, National Alliance of

Women’s Organisations (NAWO)UK

The Lebanese Women Democratic Gathering(RDFL) Lebanon

Simone LeConte-ParkerBerean Community and Family Life CenterUSA

Catherine LeeFounder, Justice for Women program atUniversity Maine School of Law, and ManagingDirector, Lee International, Climate ChangeAdvisory Services

USA

Jimmy LeeExecutive Director, Restore NYCUSA

Leila LesbetWomen’s Rights Activist, Special EducationTechnicianCanada

Hannah HartmanDylan WalkerLet My People Go

USA

Dr. Helen LieblingSenior Lecturer in ClinicalPsychology/Associate of African Studies

Centre, Coventry UniversityUK

Martha Linehan, IMT, CDPOrganization for Prostitution Survivors (OPS)USA

Phyllida LloydUK

Rachel LloydFounder/CEO, GEMSUSA


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Marta LópezDesignada Regional para América Latina y elCaribe-OIJPBP, Congregación Nuestra Señorade la Caridad del Buen Pastor

Shelia LynchDaughters of Mary and Joseph, CaliforniaUSA

Angela LytleExecutive Director, Women’s Human RightsInstitute, Center for Women Studies inEducation, University of TorontoCanada

Isla MacGregorWhistleblowers Tasmania, Nordic ModelAustralia Coalition (NorMac) Australia

Nozizwe Madlala-RoutledgeFounder and Board Member, Embrace DignitySouth Africa

Aïssata MaïgaProject Coordinator, Institute for Security &Development PolicySweden

Manchester Feminist NetworkUK

Valerie MarcheseUSA

Elizabeth MargoshesUSA

JoAnn Mark, ASCExecutive Director, Partnership for GlobalJusticeUSA

Stella MarrSex Trafficking Survivors UnitedUSA

Margaret MartinDirector, Women's Aid Ireland

Micheline MasonUK

Maureen MasterLawyer and Graduate Student researchingProstitution, MSt Programme in InternationalHuman Rights Law, University of OxfordUK

Josua MataSecretary-General, SENTRO (Workers’ Center)

The Philippines

Jacques MattinetteLa Maison de MartheCanada

Stacey McCaig

Sr. Ethna McDermottProvince Leader for Ireland, Congregation of

our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd Ireland

Maureen McGowan, rgsHandCrafting Justice, Inc.USA


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Síle McGowan HFBReligious Institute of the Sisters of the HolyFamily of Bordeaux, Member, APT Ireland (Act

to Prevent Trafficking Ireland) Ireland

Karen McHughCEO, Doras Luimni Ireland

Louise McLeodWomen Graduates-USAUSA

Sarah McMahonPsychologist and Founder, BodyMattersAustralasia Australia

Sandra McNeillJustice for WomenUK

Jane McVeighUSA

Jessica MinhasFounder and CEO, I'll Go FirstUSA

Asunción MiuraSpain

Rev. Gil MonroseMt. Zion Church of God 7th DayUSA

Florence MontreynaudEncore féministes! France

Rachel MoranAuthor and Co-Founder, SPACE International Ireland

Michele Morek, OSUCoalition Coordinator, UNANIMA InternationalUSA

Robin MorganThe Sisterhood is Global InstituteUSA

Laura Morie

Certified Senior Advisor, Rotary District 5370Canada, Governor ElectCanada

Johanne MorneauLa Maison de MartheCanada

Stacey Morse

USA

Marianne MouchikhineMember, Collctif Libertaire Anti Sexiste(CLAS) France

Carey MulliganUK

Belinda MunozUSA

Jonathan NambuThe Philippines


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Andrea Salwen Kopel, Executive DirectorMaria Mostajo, President

Pamela Kling Takiff, Advocacy LeadershipChairNational Council of Jewish Women New

York Section (NCJW NY)

USA

National Council of Jewish WomenUSA

Chris Troy

DaneliaNY CityServe

USA

Sr. Taskila NicholasOpportunity Village Nepal Nepal

Ana Maria R. Nemenzo

International Committee Member, World Marchof Women, PhilippinesThe Philippines

Lene NilsenEquality and Anti-Discrimination Ombudsmanand Board Member, Feminist Initiative Oslo Norway

Joan Nissman

USA

Clare NolanGood Shepherd International Justice PeaceTraining Facilitator, Sisters of the GoodShepherdUSA

Torill NustadExecutive Committee and Board Member, The

Women's Front of Norway Norway

Ellen O’Malley-DunlopCEO, Dublin Rape Crisis Centre Ireland

Terry O'Neill National Organization for WomenUSA

Lise ØstbySenior Advisor, The Norwegian Directorate forChildren, Youth and Family Affairs Norway

Hannah PakulaUSA

Clydie PasiaThe Philippines

Pavee Point Ireland

Michelle PerniniUSA

Kat Pinder

Survivor Activist and Amnesty InternationalAustralia, QLD Branch Committee Member Australia


18/23

")

Maudy PiotPresident, Association Femmes pour le Dire,Femmes pour Agir France

Kent R. PipesPresident, The Affordable Homes Group, Inc.USA

Imelda PoolePresident, Mary Ward Loreto Foundation, andPresident, RENATE (Religious in Europe Networking Against Trafficking andExploitation) Albania

Dianne PostAttorneyUSA

Carol Pregno RGS, Province LeaderCentral South US ProvinceSisters of the Good ShepherdUSA

Caroline Price, rgsSocial Justice Coordinator, Congregation of OurLady of Charity of the Good Shepherd Australia/New Zealand

Pierre-Guillaume Prigent France

Anna Quindlen

USA

The Rev. Alison J. QuinChrist the King Episcopal ChurchUSA

The RadFem CollectiveUK

Rape Crisis and Sexual Abuse CounsellingCentre, Sligo, Leitrim & West Cavan

Ireland

Jody RaphaelSchiller DuCanto & Fleck Family Law Center,DePaul University College of LawUSA

Janice G. RaymondProfessor Emerita, University of Massachusetts,AmherstUSA

Anne ReamVoices and FacesUSA

Theresa RebeckUSA

Diane RedskyExecutive Director, Ma Mawi Wi Chi ItataCentre, Inc., and Former Project Director, National Task Force of Sex Trafficking ofWomen and Girls in Canada, andCanada

Red Youth Norway

Rev. Llloyd Reid JrGreater Mt. Bethel Pentecostal TabernacleUSA

RENEW FoundationThe Philippines


19/23

"*

Jorunn Friis ResetSecretary, The Women's Front of Norway Norway

Lina Alvarez Reyes

Founder, Feminist Initiative Youth NorwayBoard Member, Feminist Initiative Oslo

Shea M. RhodesDirector, Villanova University School of LawInstitute to Address Commercial SexualExploitationUSA

Lesley Rimmel

Core Faculty Member, Gender and Women'sStudies Program, Oklahoma State UniversityUSA

Rev. Dr. Raymond RiveraLatino Pastoral Action CenterUSA

Amy Robinson

USA

Caitlin RoperCampaigns Manager, Collective Shout Australia

Janica RosalesThe Philippines

Anne Rothing

Women's Rights Activist and Board Member,The Women's Front of Norway Norway

Deborah RushUSA

Malika Saada SaarExecutive Director, Human Rights Project forGirls (Rights4Girls)USA

Rev. Raleigh SadlerMissionary BaptistWorldwide

Mary SalterUSA

Samaritana Transformation MinistriesThe Philippines

Rev. Addie Sanders-BanksThe Groundswell GroupUSA

Sanlaap India

Jeanne SarsonPersons Against Non-State Torture

Canada

Viktoria SaxbyPolitical Advisor, The Center Women ofSwedenSweden

Marjorie F. SaylorSurvivor, Survivor Leader Network of SanDiego (SLNSD) and Runaway Girl, Inc., S.M.E.

USA

Jean SchaferCo-Director, SDS Hope House, Inc.USA


20/23

$+

Deborah Schatz National Council of Jewish Women, EssexCounty SectionUSA

Kay Asbjørn Knutsen SchjørlienWriter, Feminist and Representative, NorwegianSocialist Left Party in Oslo. Norway

Madeleine SchultzAuthor, Journalist and Human Rights Activist Norway

The Hon. Dr Jocelynne A. Scutt

Barrister and Human Rights Lawyer,Visiting Professor and Senior Fellow,United Kingdom, United States & Australia Australia

Kyra SedgwickUSA

Susan M. Seeby, CSA

General Councilor, Congregation of Sisters ofSt. AgnesUSA

Barbara SeidleFounder, The Hannah More ProjectUSA

Bonnie Shapiro Northern New Jersey Chapter of National

Organization for Women (NOW)USA

Dawn ShawSecretary, Social Questions Committee,Catholic Women's League of Victoria andWagga Wagga Australia

Rameen N. SheikhPresident, Red Youth Oslo Norway

Louise ShohetUSA

Line SchouFounder and Board Member, Feminist Initiative

Party Oslo Norway

Shanta ShresthaBeyond Beijing Committee Nepal

Dr. Carla SinzUSA

Michèle SiroisPrésidente, Pour les droits des femmes duQuébec (PDF Québec)Canada

Sisters of the Holy Family of Bordeaux Ireland

Daisy Elizabeth Sjursø

Executive Committee Member and BoardMember, The Women's Front of Norway Norway


21/23

$"

Tina SkotnesExecutive Committee Member and BoardMember, The Women's Front of Norway Norway

Susan L. Smalley, Ph.D.Professor Emeritus, UCLA and Board Member,Equality NowUSA

Liz Smith Australia

Eris Smyth Australia

Pastor Michelle SotoFierce Woman Found Ministries, IncUSA

Hannah SorkinUSA

Space Allies

Japan

Srabani Sarkar NeogiSouth Kolkata Hamari Muskan India

Johanne St-AmourCanada

Kestia St Juste

Kay’s Music Studios LLCUSA

Gloria SteinemUSA

Rev. Penny StephensChaplain, St. Joseph’s HospiceUK

Major Katie Stoops

Salvation ArmyUSA

Mgr. ThLic. Blanka Stráníková andKlára Marie StráníkováCzech Republic

Meryl StreepUSA

Katarina StoralmWomen’s Rights Activist and Leader, Ottar Norway

Agnete StrømHuman Rights Activist and Board Member, TheWomen’s Front of Norway Norway

Rose StyronUSA

Maria SvenssonActing Chairwoman, Feminist Initiative Sweden

Gwénola SueurGeneral Secretary, SOS les Mamans France

Annie SugierPrésidente, Ligue du Droit International desFemmes (LDIF) France

Fumi Suzuki Japan


22/23

$$

Lucy S. Takagi, PsyDUSA

Pil Teisbo

Executive Committee Member and BoardMember, The Women's Front of Norway Norway

Donna IzzardJacqui PowellThe 3W Life

USA

Emma ThompsonUK

Anita TonerPresident, Catholic Women’s League ofVictoria and Wagga Wagga Australia

Meagan TylerCoalition Against Trafficking in Women

(CATW)-Australia Australia

Rev. Naomi Tyler-LloydTrinity Baptist Church

Yasmin VafaCo-founder and Director of Law & Policy,Human Rights Project for Girls (Rights4Girls)USA

Maria Narcisa Vicanco ValarezoSpain

Mélusine VerteluneMember, Collectif Libertaire Anti-Sexiste,Marche Pour L’abolition France

Glòria Casas VilaPlataforma Catalana pel Dret a No serProstituïdesSpain

Jonathan Walton New York City Urban Project Director,InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, and Directorand Founder, the LoGOFF MovementUSA

Simone WatsonProstitution Survivor and Director, NordicModel Australia Coalition (NorMac) Australia

David WayneSurvivor Advocate, Hope Hollow ExploitationVictim Assistance and Consultation Services,and Member of National Survivor Network/Coalition to Abolish Slavery and TraffickingUSA

Sr. Barbara Wells, RGSSisters of the Good ShepherdToronto, ONCanada

Ali WentworthUSA

Karin WerkmanInstitute for Feminism and Human Rights

Sweden

Rebecca WhisnantUniversity of DaytonUSA


23/23

$#

Allison WilliamsUSA

Bronwyn WilliamsMember, Nordic Model Australia Coalition

(NorMAC) Australia

Rev. Jesse WilliamsConvent Avenue Baptist ChurchUSA

Rev. Roslyn WillisAccepted MinistryUSA

Debra WingerUSA

Kate WinsletUK

Women and Gender Institute, Miriam CollegeThe Philippines

Shannon WongOrange County LegislatorUSA

Andrée YanacopouloBoard Member, Pour les droits des femmes duQuébec (PDF Québec)Canada

Theresa YehTapei Women's Rescue FoundationTaiwan

Jungsook "Grace" YoonExecutive Director, Korean American FamilyService Center (KAFSC)USA

Youth and Students Advancing Gender Equality India

Youth and Students Advancing Gender EqualityThe Philippines

Theresa SymonsGood Shepherd Services Malaysia

Teresa Ulloa ZiaurrizRegional Director, Coalition AgainstTrafficking in Women – Latin America and theCaribbean Mexico

Documents

July 22, 2015 to Amnesty International Board of Directors