British Imperialism on India

Juliana VassalloMr. TracyMWH3

Overview

Click for table of contents

Britain had been trading with India for centuries

Officially under British rule in 1858 “Jewel of the Crown”

Queen Victoria wanted India for its benefits Claimed herself Empress of India in

1877 India given independence on Aug

15, 1947

THE JOURNEY

Core 1 Motives for

Imperialism Economic Ideological

Methods of Imperialism British East India Co

mpany Ways of Control

Core 2 Impact of Imperialism

Gaining Independence

Primary Source Outcome of

Imperialism India Today

Politically Economically Gapminder Charts

<<Click any hyperlinked words>>

Natural resources

Tea, salt, cotton cloth

Size and location of India

Fueled development of democratic institutions, education, and economic infrastructure

Economic

Indian interests subjugated by Britain

under racial sentiments Term named after Charles Darwin

British naturalist and geologist Contributed to evolution theory

Survival of the fittest British right to overtake India

Power belongs to the white man

Social Darwinism

<<Click for Methods of Imperialism

Founded in 1600

Started by Queen Elizabeth I 1750s-waged war extended from

Ganges valley to Delhi Established military dominance 50 years subdued remaining Indian

states Conquered or forced rulers to

become subordinate allies Ended in 1858

British East India Company

Ways of Control

Indirect

Exercise of determinative and exclusive political control by B.E.I.C

Most governance of regions by traditional Indian rulers

Allowed European administrators to efficiently supervise management of large amount of people

Direct

Taxes Legal codes and

new court system Outlawed Hindu

rituals Banned public

meetings Military force and

dominance

Relationship started with the BEIC Would offer Britain many valuable

resource Show that white men have the

power Put restriction on Indian lifestyles

Conclusion for Methods and Motives

1858-India comes under direct rule of the British

crown after failed India mutiny 1885-Indian National Congress founded as forum

for emerging nationalist feeling 1920-22-Nationalist figurehead Mahatma Gandhi

launches anti-British civil disobedience campaign 1942-43- Congress launches “Quit India”

movement 1947-End of British rule and partition of

subcontinent into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority state of Pakistan

Gaining Independence

<<Click any hyperlinked years>>

Established in 1858—ending

century long control by East India Company

Indian Mutiny 2 years of life and death struggle Cost Britain £ 36 million Marked nature of political, social

and economic rule Social segregation lasting until

the end of Raj

The Beginning of the Raj

Formed in 1885 All India, secular political party Regarded as key turning point in

formalizing opposition to the Raj Developed from elite intellectual

middle-class confines, and a moderate, loyalist agenda

Often dominated by factionalism and opposing political strategies Non-violence vs. violence

Remarkable in achieving broad consensus over the decades

Indian National Congress

Gandhi & Civil Disobedience (1869-1948)

Mahatma Gandhi Leader of Indian nationalism in

British-ruled India Jailed for conspiracy (1922-24) 1930- Salt March 1946- Negotiated with Cabinet

Mission which recommended new constitutional structure.

Tried to stop the Hindu-Muslim conflict in Bengal Policy led to his assassination in Delhi

by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic Heavily influenced

Jawaharlal Nehru

Civil Disobedience Policy practiced by

Gandhi Active, professed refusal

to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power

Gandhi still wanted it after Amritsar Massacre

<<Click for Boycotts of British Goods

<<Click hyperlinked words for more info on certain topics>>

This video is about Gandhi’s non-violence speech in 1925. Gandhi

describes the new requirements of the British government. He also expresses that even when the

British try to hurt him, he will not fight back violently or kill anyone.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEEZsocrm0A

Mahatma Gandhi Non-violence Speech

Go back

Indian nationalist leader and statesman First prime minister of independent

India (1947) Joined Indian National Congress in 1919 1920s & 1930s Nehru was repeatedly

imprisoned for civil disobedience 1928-Elected president of Congress WWII- Recognized as Gandhi's successor Played central role in negotiations over

independence Opposed Muslim League's insistence on

division of India based on religion

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

Returns to Gandhi & Non-violence

Nehru (left) with Gandhi (right)

April 13, 1919 A peaceful crowd entered the

heart of the city of Amritsar British commander banned

public meetings He ordered his men to open

dire (killing 379 injuring 1,100) Responsible for Gandhi’s rise

to fame Increased racial tensions

Amritsar Massacre

Boycotts of British Goods

July 5, 1920 Called for the boycotts

(no purchasing) of British goods

Gandhi wanted the Indians to wear only cotton grown and woven in India People wouldn't have

to purchase through the British

WWII & Pakistan

April 2, 1939 War slowed efforts Many angered by this

and rebelled Portion of Indians

supported and fought with Britain in the war

Dec 15, 1932 Muslim League led by

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Wanted separate state for

Muslims Would call their new state

"Pakistan“ May 5, 1947

Riots broke out between the Muslims and Hindus

Convinced Britain to split up India into two parts (India and Pakistan)

India receives independence on Aug 15, 1947

Click for Primary Source

British Government Statement: Policy In India, 1946

Government Statement This primary source is a

policy written by Cabinet Mission and his Excellency the Viceroy.

This statement from the British government

describes the process of allowing the Indian people to choose whether or not to remain with the powerful empire.

Federal Republic

Form of government made up of a federal state with a constitution and self-governing subunits

President: Pranab Mukherjee

Vice President: Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Political

Click for Economy

Developing into open-market economy Agricultural Products

Rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea, sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes, etc.

Industries Textiles, chemicals, food processing,

steel, transportation, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals

Has largest amount of poor people However economy is growing rapidly

Estimated population= 1.27 B (2013)

Economy

Gapminder Charts

This graph shows income/ person ($3,147) in India in 2011. Also the population total from the 1800s to 2012 which was around 1.24 B.

Graph 2 shows the percentage of people who make below $2 a day which in 2010 was 69%. Also the percentage of exports (% of GDP) in 2010 which was 23%.

Under British rule for about 89 years Many died in efforts towards

independence Gained independence Aug 15, 1947 Now a Federal Republic Economy growing rapidly One of largest populations British manifestation powered

development of democratic institutions, education, and economic infrastructure

Conclusion for Impact and Outcomes