Judge Sinco Poli Reviewer

8/21/2019 Judge Sinco Poli Reviewer

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PRE-BAR REVIEW NOTES IN POLITICAL LAW(As Based on the Lecture by JUDGE ESTELA ALMA A.

SINGCO

THE 1987 CONSTITUTIONOF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Preamble

!e" the so#ere$%n &$'$$no eo'e" $)'or$n% the a$do* A')$%hty God" $n order to bu$'d a +ust and hu)anesoc$ety and estab'$sh a Go#ern)ent that sha''e)body our $dea's and as$rat$ons" ro)ote theco))on %ood" conser#e and de#e'o our atr$)ony"and secure to ourse'#es and our oster$ty theb'ess$n%s o* $ndeendence and de)ocracy under theru'e o* 'a, and a re%$)e o* truth" +ust$ce" *reedo)"'o#e" e-ua'$ty" and eace" do orda$n and ro)u'%ateth$s Const$tut$on.

ARTICLE INATIONAL TERRITORY

The nat$ona' terr$tory co)r$ses the h$'$$nearch$e'a%o" ,$th a'' the $s'ands and ,aterse)braced there$n" and a'' other terr$tor$es o#er ,h$chthe h$'$$nes has so#ere$%nty or +ur$sd$ct$on"cons$st$n% o* $ts terrestr$a'" *'u#$a'" and aer$a'do)a$ns" $nc'ud$n% $ts terr$tor$a' sea" the seabed" thesubso$'" the $nsu'ar she'#es" and other sub)ar$neareas. The ,aters around" bet,een" and connect$n%the $s'ands o* the arch$e'a%o" re%ard'ess o* the$rbreadth and d$)ens$ons" *or) art o* the $nterna',aters o* the h$'$$nes.

Archipel!ic "octrine- The #ters roun$% &et#een% n$

connectin! the isln$s o' the rchipel!o%re!r$less o' their &re$th n$ $i(ensions% 'or(prt o' the internl #ters o' the Philippines)

Archipel!ic Bselines- Bsis* +NCLOS- ,o# to tret l.n /roup o' Isln$s n$

Scr&orou!h Shol* #hether to inclu$e or toexclu$e the( 'ro( the &selines0 n$or consi$ers prt o' the re!i(e o' isln$s)

233-Econo(ic 4one 5inclu$es Territoril Sesn$ Conti!uous 4one6

- REA"* +N Convention on the L# o' the Se)

Conti!uous 4one- 512 n( 'ro( the en$ o' territoril ses6

Teritoril ses(riti(e $o(in- 512 n( 'ro( &seline6

Internl #ters- Re!n vs) CIR% 73 SCRA 89:* An exception

to the 'ull n$ co(plete po#er o' ntion #ithin

its territories is &. virtue o' the consent o' thention itsel') The e(&ss. pre(ises o' 'orei!npo#er re #ithin the territoril $o(in o' the hostStte) The !roun$ occupie$ s e(&ss. pre(isesis not the territor. o' the 'orei!n Stte to #hichthe pre(ises &elon!)

l.n Isln$ /roup6 historic ri!ht&6 P)") No) 1;89

c6 Note* pen$in! &illARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATEPOLICIES

Repu&licnis(

Sect$on /. The h$'$$nes $s a de)ocrat$c andreub'$can State. So#ere$%nty res$des $n the eo'eand a'' %o#ern)ent author$ty e)anates *ro) the).

Seprtion o' Po#ers

Principles o' Blen$in! o' Po#ers n$ Chec


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'a, o* the 'and and adheres to the o'$cy o* eace"e-ua'$ty" +ust$ce" *reedo)" cooerat$on" and a)$ty,$th a'' nat$ons.

B. the $octrine o' incorportion% the countr.is &oun$ &. !enerll. ccepte$ principles o'interntionl l#% #hich re consi$ere$ to &euto(ticll. prt o' our o#n l#s) HTn$ vs)

An!r% >. 2% 188 Li( vs) Exec) Sec)% April 11% 2332*/enerll. ccepte$ principles o' Interntionl L#%the provisions o' tret. re l#.s su&?ect toDuli'iction or (en$(ent &. su&seDuent l#%or tht it is su&?ect to the police po#er o' the Stte)

The $octrine o' incorportion is pplie$#henever (unicipl tri&unls 5or locl courts6 recon'ronte$ #ith situtions in #hich there ppersto &e con'lict &et#een rule o' interntionl l#n$ the provisions o' the constitution or sttute o'the locl stte) E''orts shoul$ 'irst &e exerte$ tohr(oniFe the(% so s to !ive e''ect to &oth since

it is to &e presu(e$ tht (unicipl l# #sencte$ #ith proper re!r$ 'or the !enerll.ccepte$ principles o' interntionl l# ino&servnce o' the Incorportion Cluse in the&ove-cite$ constitutionl provision 5CruF%Philippine Politicl L#% 1889 e$)% p) ;;6) In sitution% ho#ever% #here the con'lict isirreconcil&le n$ choice hs to &e ($e&et#een rule o' interntionl l# n$ (unicipll#% ?urispru$ence $icttes tht (unicipl l#shoul$ &e uphel$ &. the (unicipl courts 5Ichon!vs) ,ernn$eF% 131 Phil) 11;; H18;0 /onFles vs),echnov% 8 SCRA 273 H18970 In re* /rci% 2SCRA 8: H18916 'or the reson tht such courts

re or!ns o' (unicipl l# n$ re ccor$in!l.&oun$ &. it in ll circu(stnces 5Slon! = Jp% op)cit)% p) 176) The 'ct tht interntionl l# hs &een($e prt o' the l# o' the ln$ $oes not pertin toor i(pl. the pri(c. o' interntionl l# overntionl or (unicipl l# in the (unicipl sphere)The $octrine o' incorportion% s pplie$ in (ostcountries% $ecrees tht rules o' interntionl l#re !iven eDul stn$in! #ith% &ut re not superiorto% ntionl le!isltive enct(ents) Accor$in!l.% theprinciple lex posterior $ero!t priori ti?res% et l) vs) vier% et l)% April 12% 233;6

Phr(ceuticl n$ ,elth CreAssocition o' the Philippines% vs) "uDue% et l)% /R

No) 13737% Octo&er 8% 233 - Custo(r.interntionl l# is $ee(e$ incorporte$ into our$o(estic s.ste()

Civilin Supre(c.

Sect$on 1. C$#$'$an author$ty $s" at a'' t$)es" sure)eo#er the )$'$tary. The Ar)ed &orces o* the h$'$$nes

$s the rotector o* the eo'e and the State. Its %oa'$s to secure the so#ere$%nty o* the State and the$nte%r$ty o* the nat$ona' terr$tory.

IBP vs) 4(or % 77: SCRA :1% 523336* Thecllin! o' the (rines constitutes per(issi&le use o'(ilitr. ssets 'or civilin en'orce(ent)Not#ithstn$in! the con$uct o' ?oint visi&ilit.ptrols &. the (e(&ers o' PNP n$ the Philippine(rines% the >etro >nil Police Chie' is the overllle$er n$ it is the locl police 'orces #ho re inchr!e t ll ti(es)

The vitlit. o' the tenet tht the Presi$entis the co((n$er-in-chie' o' the Ar(e$ orces is(ost crucil to the $e(ocrtic #. o' li'e% tocivilin supre(c. over the (ilitr.% n$ to the!enerl st&ilit. o' our representtive s.ste( o'!overn(ent) The Constitution reposes 'inluthorit.% control n$ supervision o' the AP to thePresi$ent% civilin #ho is not (e(&er o' ther(e$ 'orces% n$ #hose $uties s co((n$er-in-chie' represent onl. prt o' the or!nic $utiesi(pose$ upon the o''ice% the other 'unctions &ein!clerl. civil in nture) Civilin supre(c. over the(ilitr. lso counter(n$s the notion tht the(ilitr. (. &.pss civilin uthorities% such scivil courts% on (tters such s con$uctin!

#rrntless serches n$ seiFure) The &ilit. o' thePresi$ent to prevent (ilitr. o''icers 'ro( testi'.in!&e'ore Con!ress $oes not turn on executiveprivile!e% &ut on the Chie' Executives po#er sco((n$er-in-chie' to control the ctions n$speech o' (e(&ers o' the r(e$ 'orces) ThePresi$ents prero!tives s co((n$er-in-chie' renot h(pere$ &. the s(e li(ittions s inexecutive privile!e) The Presi$ent coul$% s !enerl rule% reDuire (ilitr. o''icers to seeilitr.L# n$ Prece$ents% 2n$e$ition% p) 86) In short%courts-(rtil 'or( prt o' the $isciplinr. s.ste(tht ensures the Presi$ents control% n$ thuscivilin supre(c.% over the (ilitr.) At the pex o'this $isciplinr. s.ste( is the Presi$ent #hoexercises revie# po#ers over $ecisions o' courts-(rtil 5citin! Article ;3 o' the Articles o' Wr0Duote$ provisions o(itte$6) H/onFles% et l vs)/en) A&.% /)R) No) 1933% Au!ust 13% 2339

Sect$on 2. The r$)e duty o* the Go#ern)ent $s toser#e and rotect the eo'e. The Go#ern)ent )ayca'' uon the eo'e to de*end the State and" $n the*u'*$'')ent thereo*" a'' c$t$3ens )ay be re-u$red"under cond$t$ons ro#$ded by 'a," to render ersona')$'$tary or c$#$' ser#$ce.

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Sect$on 4. The )a$ntenance o* eace and order" therotect$on o* '$*e" '$berty" and roerty" and thero)ot$on o* the %enera' ,e'*are are essent$a' *or theen+oy)ent by a'' the eo'e o* the b'ess$n%s o*de)ocracy.

Seprtion o' the Church n$ Stte

Sect$on 5. The searat$on o* Church and State sha''be $n#$o'ab'e.

Estr$ vs) Escritor % une 22% 2339* It isin$u&it&le tht &enevolent neutrlit.-cco((o$tion% #hether (n$tor. orper(issive% is the spirit% intent n$ 'r(e#orn!elin % 13 SCRA :9* +n$er

the constitution% provinces% cities% (uniciplitiesn$ &rn!. en?o. locl utono(. su&?ect tothe supervision o' the ntionl !overn(ent ctin!throu!h the Presi$ent 5n$ the "eprt(ent o'Locl /overn(ent6) Autono(ous re!ions in>usli( >in$no n$ in the Cor$illers% on theother hn$% re su&?ect lone to the $ecree o' theor!nic ct cretin! the( n$ ccepte$principles on the e''ects n$ li(its o' utono(.)

Ntionl Li! n! (! Brn!. vs) Pre$es %78 SCRA 173* Presi$ents po#er o' !enerlsupervision% s exercise$ &. the "IL/% exten$s toLi! n! (! Brn!.)

NOTE* 5"etils re'er to Article G6

Sect$on 05. The State sha'' %uarantee e-ua' access tooortun$t$es *or ub'$c ser#$ce" and roh$b$t o'$t$ca'dynast$es as )ay be de*$ned by 'a,.

Sect$on 06. The State sha'' )a$nta$n honesty and$nte%r$ty $n the ub'$c ser#$ce and ta;e os$t$#e ande**ect$#e )easures a%a$nst %ra*t and corrut$on.

Sect$on 08. Sub+ect to reasonab'e cond$t$ons

rescr$bed by 'a," the State adots and $)'e)entsa o'$cy o* *u'' ub'$c d$sc'osure o* a'' $ts transact$ons$n#o'#$n% ub'$c $nterest.

ARTICLE IVCITIZENSHIP

Sect$on /. The *o''o,$n% are c$t$3ens o* theh$'$$neserc$o vs) >nFno% 73 SCRA 973* - Thephrse M$ul citiFenship in RA 193 (ust &e

un$erstoo$ s re'errin! to $ul lle!ince5especill. 'or nturliFe$ citiFens6) In 'ilin! certi'icte o' cn$i$c.% the person #ith $ulcitiFenship e''ectivel. renounces his 'orei!ncitiFenship) The oth o' lle!ince contine$ inthe certi'icte o' cn$i$c. constitutes su''icientrenuncition)

E''ective ntionlit. principle 5Notte&oh(cse6- The Notte&oh( cse cite$ &. the petitionerinvon. (e(&ers o' his '(il. n$his &usiness interests #ere in /er(n.) In 187%/ute(l% #hich h$ $eclre$ #r on /er(n.%rreste$ Notte&oh( n$ con'iscte$ ll hisproperties on the !roun$ tht he #s /er(nntionl) Liechtenstein thereupon 'ile$ suit on his&ehl'% s its citiFen% !inst /ute(l) TheInterntionl Court o' ustice hel$ Notte&oh( to&e still ntionl o' /er(n.% #ith #hich he #s(ore closel. connecte$ thn #ith Liechtenstein)

AASS% Clilun! vs) "tu(non! % /R No)

193:98% >. 11% 233- It is cler tht the intento' the le!islture in $r'tin! Rep) Act No) 822; isto $o #. #ith the provision in Co((on#elthAct No) 97 #hich t


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n$ the "O cnnot (en$ the 'inl $ecision o'the tril court sttin! tht respon$ent On! n$his (other #ere nturliFe$ lon! #ith his 'ther)

REA"* rivl$o vs) CO>ELEC 518:86)

ARTICLE VSUFFRAGE

REA"* RA 822; n$ RA 81:8)

Sect$on /. Su**ra%e )ay be e>erc$sed by a'' c$t$3enso* the h$'$$nes not other,$se d$s-ua'$*$ed by 'a,",ho are at 'east e$%hteen years o* a%e" and ,ho sha''ha#e res$ded $n the h$'$$nes *or at 'east one yearand $n the 'ace ,here$n they roose to #ote *or at'east s$> )onths $))ed$ate'y reced$n% the e'ect$on.No '$teracy" roerty" or other substant$#ere-u$re)ent sha'' be $)osed on the e>erc$se o*su**ra%e.

Sect$on 0. The Con%ress sha'' ro#$de a syste) *orsecur$n% the secrecy and sanct$ty o* the ba''ot as ,e''as a syste) *or absentee #ot$n% by -ua'$*$ed &$'$$nosabroad.

The Con%ress sha'' a'so des$%n a rocedure *or thed$sab'ed and the $''$terates to #ote ,$thout theass$stance o* other ersons. Unt$' then" they sha'' bea''o,ed to #ote under e>$st$n% 'a,s and such ru'es asthe Co))$ss$on on E'ect$ons )ay ro)u'%ate torotect the secrecy o* the ba''ot.

ABAJAN-Jouth vs) CO>ELEC % >rch 29%2331* Where it is &oth i(prcticl n$ ille!l tocon$uct t#o-$. specil re!istrtion 'or ne#voters% the CO>ELEC cnnot &e co(pelle$ to $oso)

The ri!ht o' su''r!e is not &solute) Theexercise o' the ri!ht is su&?ect to existin!su&stntive n$ proce$url reDuire(entse(&o$ie$ in our Constitution% sttute &ooELEC % ul. 13% 2337*The interprettion o' resi$ence is s.non.(ous to$o(icile) An &sentee re(ins ttche$ to hisresi$ence in the Philippines% s resi$ence isconsi$ere$ s.non.(ous #ith $o(icile) "o(icile(ens n in$ivi$uls per(nent ho(e or plce to #hich% #henever &sent 'or &usiness or

'or plesure% one inten$s to return% n$ $epen$son 'cts n$ circu(stnces in the sense tht the.$isclose intent)

A&sentee votin! K un$er Section 2 o' RA81:8 K is n exception to the six-(onthone-.erresi$enc. reDuire(ent)

Le#is vs) CO>ELEC % Au!ust % 2339*There is no provision in the $ul citiFenship l# -

R)A) 822; - reDuirin! $uls to ctull. est&lishresi$ence n$ ph.sicll. st. in the Philippines'irst &e'ore the. cn exercise their ri!ht to vote)On the contrr.% R)A) 822;% in i(plicitc years and sha'' co))ence" un'ess other,$sero#$ded by 'a," at noon on the th$rt$eth day o* Junene>t *o''o,$n% the$r e'ect$on.

No Senator sha'' ser#e *or )ore than t,o consecut$#eter)s. o'untary renunc$at$on o* the o**$ce *or any'en%th o* t$)e sha'' not be cons$dered as an$nterrut$on $n the cont$nu$ty o* h$s ser#$ce *or the *u''ter) *or ,h$ch he ,as e'ected.

Sect$on 4. (/ The ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es sha'' beco)osed o* not )ore than t,o hundred and *$*ty)e)bers" un'ess other,$se *$>ed by 'a," ,ho sha'' bee'ected *ro) 'e%$s'at$#e d$str$cts aort$oned a)on%

the ro#$nces" c$t$es" and the Metroo'$tan Man$'aarea $n accordance ,$th the nu)ber o* the$rresect$#e $nhab$tants" and on the bas$s o* a un$*or)and ro%ress$#e rat$o" and those ,ho" as ro#$ded by'a," sha'' be e'ected throu%h a arty7'$st syste) o*re%$stered nat$ona'" re%$ona'" and sectora' art$es oror%an$3at$ons.

(0 The arty7'$st reresentat$#es sha'' const$tutet,enty er centu) o* the tota' nu)ber o*reresentat$#es $nc'ud$n% those under the arty '$st.&or three consecut$#e ter)s a*ter the rat$*$cat$on o*th$s Const$tut$on" one7ha'* o* the seats a''ocated toarty7'$st reresentat$#es sha'' be *$''ed" as ro#$dedby 'a," by se'ect$on or e'ect$on *ro) the 'abor"easant" urban oor" $nd$%enous cu'tura'co))un$t$es" ,o)en" youth" and such other sectorsas )ay be ro#$ded by 'a," e>cet the re'$%$oussector.

(1 Each 'e%$s'at$#e d$str$ct sha'' co)r$se" as *ar asract$cab'e" cont$%uous" co)act" and ad+acentterr$tory. Each c$ty ,$th a ou'at$on o* at 'east t,ohundred *$*ty thousand" or each ro#$nce" sha'' ha#eat 'east one reresentat$#e.

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(2 !$th$n three years *o''o,$n% the return o* e#erycensus" the Con%ress sha'' )a;e a reao$nt)ent o*'e%$s'at$#e d$str$cts based on the standards ro#$ded$n th$s sect$on.

Sect$on 5. No erson sha'' be a Me)ber o* the ?ouse

o* @eresentat$#es un'ess he $s a natura'7born c$t$3eno* the h$'$$nes and" on the day o* the e'ect$on" $sat 'east t,enty7*$#e years o* a%e" ab'e to read and,r$te" and" e>cet the arty7'$st reresentat$#es" are%$stered #oter $n the d$str$ct $n ,h$ch he sha'' bee'ected" and a res$dent thereo* *or a er$od o* not'ess than one year $))ed$ate'y reced$n% the day o*the e'ect$on.

Sect$on 6. The Me)bers o* the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es sha'' be e'ected *or a ter) o* threeyears ,h$ch sha'' be%$n" un'ess other,$se ro#$ded by'a," at noon on the th$rt$eth day o* June ne>t*o''o,$n% the$r e'ect$on.

No )e)ber o* the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es sha''ser#e *or )ore than three consecut$#e ter)s.o'untary renunc$at$on o* the o**$ce *or any 'en%th o*t$)e sha'' not be cons$dered as an $nterrut$on $n thecont$nu$ty o* h$s ser#$ce *or the *u'' ter) *or ,h$ch he,as e'ected.

Sect$on 8. Un'ess other,$se ro#$ded by 'a," there%u'ar e'ect$on o* the Senators and the Me)bers o*the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es sha'' be he'd on thesecond Monday o* May.

Sect$on 9. In case o* #acancy $n the Senate or $n the?ouse o* @eresentat$#es" a sec$a' e'ect$on )ay beca''ed to *$'' such #acancy $n the )anner rescr$bedby 'a," but the Senator or Me)ber o* the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es thus e'ected sha'' ser#e on'y *or theune>$red ter).

Sect$on /:. The sa'ar$es o* Senators and Me)bers o*the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es sha'' be deter)$ned by'a,. No $ncrease $n sa$d co)ensat$on sha'' ta;ee**ect unt$' a*ter the e>$rat$on o* the *u'' ter) o* a''the Me)bers o* the Senate and the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es aro#$n% such $ncrease.

Non $ele!tion o' le!isltive po#er

/erochi vs) "OE % /R) No) 1;889% ul. 1%233* +n$er the 'irst test% the l# (ust &eco(plete in ll its ter(s n$ con$itions #hen itleves the le!islture such tht #hen it rechesthe $ele!te% the onl. thin! he #ill hve to $o isto en'orce it) The secon$ test (n$tes $eDute!ui$elines or li(ittions in the l# to $eter(inethe &oun$ries o' the $ele!teQs uthorit. n$prevent the $ele!tion 'ro( runnin! riot) TheCourt 'in$s tht the EPIRA% re$ n$ pprecite$in its entiret.% in reltion to Sec) 7 thereo'% isco(plete in ll its essentil ter(s n$ con$itions%n$ tht it contins su''icient stn$r$s) xxx Inthe pst% ccepte$ s su''icient stn$r$s the'ollo#in!* interest o' l# n$ or$er0 $eDute

n$ e''icient instruction0 pu&lic interest0?ustice n$ eDuit.0 pu&lic convenience n$#el're0 si(plicit.% econo(. n$ e''icienc.0stn$r$iFtion n$ re!ultion o' (e$icle$uction0 n$ 'ir n$ eDuit&le e(plo.(entprctices) Provisions o' the EPIRA such s%(on! others% Mto ensure the totl electri'ictiono' the countr. n$ the Dulit.% reli&ilit.% securit.n$ ''or$&ilit. o' the suppl. o' electric po#ern$ M#tershe$ reh&ilittion n$ (n!e(ent(eet the reDuire(ents 'or vli$ $ele!tion% s

the. provi$e the li(ittions on the ERCs po#erto 'or(ulte the IRR) These re su''icientstn$r$s)

Eche!r. vs) Secretr. o' ustice * Bein! (ere constituent unit o' the "eprt(ent o'ustice% the Bureu o' Corrections coul$ not

pro(ul!te (nul tht #oul$ not &er thei(pri(tur o' the $(inistrtive superior% theSecretr. o' ustice s the rule (

BA-RA 81 vs) CO>ELEC % /R No) 121%>. % 233* No ntionl securit. or lin$(us% there'ore% lies) xxx The lstsentence o' Sec) o' R)A) 81 re$in!* MHThen(es o' the prt.-list no(inees shll not &esho#n on the certi'ie$ list is certinl. not ?usti'.in! cr$ 'or the Co(elec to $en. thereDueste$ $isclosure) To us% the prohi&itioni(pose$ on the Co(elec un$er si$ Sec) isli(ite$ in scope n$ $urtion% (enin!% tht itexten$s onl. to the certi'ie$ list #hich the s(eprovision reDuires to &e poste$ in the pollin!plces on election $.) To stretch the cover!e o'the prohi&ition to the &solute is to re$ into thel# so(ethin! tht is not inten$e$) As it #ere%

there is &solutel. nothin! in R)A) No) 81 thtprohi&its the Co(elec 'ro( $isclosin! or evenpu&lishin! throu!h (e$iu(s other thn theMCerti'ie$ List the n(es o' the prt.-listno(inees) The Co(elec o&viousl. (isre$ theli(ite$ non-$isclosure spect o' the provision sn &solute &r to pu&lic $isclosure &e'ore the>. 233 elections) The interprettion thus !iven&. the Co(elec virtull. tc


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$ut. to $isclose n$ relese the n(es o' theno(inees o' the prt.-list !roups)

CIBAC vs) CO>ELEC % /R No) 12137% 52336*Appl.in! the Veterns 'or(ul in petitionerscse% #e rech the conclusion tht CIBAC is notentitle$ to n $$itionl set) Prt.-List CnvssReport No) 23 contine$ in the petition sho#stht the 'irst prt.% B.n >un% !rnere$ thehi!hest nu(&er o' votes% tht is% totl o'1%237%73; votes) Petitioner CIBAC% on the otherhn$% receive$ totl o' 8;%183 votes) It #sprocli(e$ tht the 'irst prt.% B.n >un% #sentitle$ to (xi(u( o' three sets &se$ onune 2% 233 Resolution No) NBC 3-33 o' theCO>ELEC) A co(puttion usin! the Veterns'or(ul #oul$ there'ore le$ us to the 'ollo#in!result*

No) o' votes o'concerne$ prt. No. of add!o"a# A$$itionl-------------------------- x $%a!$ a##o&a!%d !o Sets'or

No) o' votes o' !'% f($! )a(!* concerne$irst prt. 5E(phsis supplie$6 prt.

Appl.in! this 'or(ul% the result is s 'ollo#s*

8;%183 KKKKKKKK x 526

1%237%73;

3)11;287 x 2 3):2738:9

NB* The previlin! 'or(ul 'or the co(puttion o'$$itionl sets 'or prt.-list #inners is the 'or(ulstte$ in the ln$(r< cse o' Veterns)

REA"* Prti$o n! >n!!!# vs) CO>ELEC%71;39)

LE/ISLATIVE PERS

Sect$on //. A Senator or Me)ber o* the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es sha''" $n a'' o**enses un$shab'e bynot )ore than s$> years $)r$son)ent" be r$#$'e%ed*ro) arrest ,h$'e the Con%ress $s $n sess$on. No)e)ber sha'' be -uest$oned nor be he'd '$ab'e $n anyother 'ace *or any seech or debate $n the Con%ress

or $n any co))$ttee thereo*.

PP vs) los?os % 72 SCRA 9:8* The histor. o'the provision !rntin! Sentors n$Con!ress(en i((unit. 'ro( rrest n$$etention sho#s tht the privile!e hs l#.s&een !rnte$ in restrictive sense)

Prli(entr. i((unit. !urntees thele!isltor co(plete 'ree$o( o' expression#ithout 'er o' &ein! ($e responsi&le incri(inl or civil ctions &e'ore the courts or n.other 'oru( outsi$e o' the Con!ressionl ,ll),o#ever% it $oes not protect hi( 'ro(

responsi&ilit. &e'ore the le!isltive &o$. itsel'#henever his #or$s n$ con$uct re consi$ere$&. the ltter $isor$erl. or un&eco(in! o' (e(&er thereo' 5Os(e vs) Pen$tun6)

Sect$on /0. A'' Me)bers o* the Senate and the ?ouseo* @eresentat$#es sha''" uon assu)t$on o* o**$ce")a;e a *u'' d$sc'osure o* the$r *$nanc$a' and bus$ness$nterests. They sha'' not$*y the ?ouse concerned o* aotent$a' con*'$ct o* $nterest that )ay ar$se *ro) the

*$'$n% o* a roosed 'e%$s'at$on o* ,h$ch they areauthors.

Sect$on /1. No Senator or a Me)ber o* the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es )ay ho'd any other o**$ce ore)'oy)ent $n the Go#ern)ent" or any subd$#$s$on"a%ency" or $nstru)enta'$ty thereo*" $nc'ud$n%

%o#ern)ent7o,ned or contro''ed cororat$ons or the$rsubs$d$ar$es" dur$n% h$s ter) ,$thout *or*e$t$n% h$sseat. Ne$ther sha'' he be ao$nted to any o**$ce,h$ch )ay ha#e been created or the e)o'u)entsthereo* $ncreased dur$n% the ter) *or ,h$ch he ,ase'ected.

Sect$on /2. No Senator or Me)ber o* the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es )ay ersona''y aear as counse'be*ore any court o* +ust$ce or be*ore the E'ectora'Tr$buna's" or -uas$7+ud$c$a' and other ad)$n$strat$#ebod$es. Ne$ther sha'' he" d$rect'y or $nd$rect'y" be$nterested *$nanc$a''y $n any contract ,$th" or $n any*ranch$se or sec$a' r$#$'e%e %ranted by theGo#ern)ent" or any subd$#$s$on" a%ency" or

$nstru)enta'$ty thereo*" $nc'ud$n% any %o#ern)ent7o,ned or contro''ed cororat$on" or $ts subs$d$ary"dur$n% h$s ter) o* o**$ce. ?e sha'' not $nter#ene $nany )atter be*ore any o**$ce o* the Go#ern)ent *orh$s ecun$ary bene*$t or ,here he )ay be ca''ed uonto act on account o* h$s o**$ce.

Sect$on /4. The Con%ress sha'' con#ene once e#eryyear on the *ourth Monday o* Ju'y *or $ts re%u'arsess$on" un'ess a d$**erent date $s *$>ed by 'a," andsha'' cont$nue to be $n sess$on *or such nu)ber o*days as $t )ay deter)$ne unt$' th$rty days be*ore theoen$n% o* $ts ne>t re%u'ar sess$on" e>c'us$#e o*Saturdays" Sundays" and 'e%a' ho'$days. Theres$dent )ay ca'' a sec$a' sess$on at any t$)e.

Sect$on /5. (/ The Senate sha'' e'ect $ts res$dentand the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es $ts Sea;er" by a)a+or$ty #ote o* a'' $ts resect$#e Me)bers.

Each ?ouse sha'' choose such other o**$cers as $t )aydee) necessary.

(0 A )a+or$ty o* each ?ouse sha'' const$tute a-uoru) to do bus$ness" but a s)a''er nu)ber )ayad+ourn *ro) day to day and )ay co)e' theattendance o* absent Me)bers $n such )anner" andunder such ena't$es" as such ?ouse )ay ro#$de.

(1 Each ?ouse )ay deter)$ne the ru'es o* $tsroceed$n%s" un$sh $ts Me)bers *or d$sorder'ybeha#$or" and" ,$th the concurrence o* t,o7th$rds o*a'' $ts Me)bers" susend or e>e' a Me)ber. Aena'ty *or susens$on" ,hen $)osed" sha'' note>ceed s$>ty days.

(2 Each ?ouse sha'' ;ee a Journa' o* $tsroceed$n%s" and *ro) t$)e to t$)e ub'$sh the sa)e"e>cet$n% such arts as )ay" $n $ts +ud%)ent" a**ectnat$ona' secur$ty= and the yeas and nays on any-uest$on sha''" at the re-uest o* one7*$*th o* the)e)bers resent" be entered $n the Journa'.

Each ?ouse sha'' a'so ;ee a @ecord o* $tsroceed$n%s.

(4 Ne$ther ?ouse dur$n% the sess$ons o* theCon%ress sha''" ,$thout the consent o* the other"ad+ourn *or )ore than three days" nor to any other'ace than that $n ,h$ch the t,o ?ouses sha'' bes$tt$n%.

U+OR+>

:


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PP vs) los?os * The (e(&ers o' Con!resscnnot co(pel &sent (e(&ers to tten$sessions i' the reson 'or the &sence is le!iti(te one) The con'ine(ent o' Con!ress(n chr!e$ #ith cri(e punish&le &.i(prison(ent o' (ore thn 9 .ers is not (erel.uthoriFe$ &. l#% it hs constitutionl

'oun$tions)

Avelino vs) CruF * When the constitution$eclres tht (?orit. o' ech ,ouse shllconstitute Duoru(% it $oes not (en ll the(e(&ers) The &se in co(putin! (?orit. isnor(ll. the totl (e(&ership o' the &o$.%#ithin the coercive po#er o' the ,ouse)

Snti!o vs) /uin!on % 28: SCRA ;9* Theter( (?orit. si(pl. (ens the !reter nu(&eror (ore thn hl') Who shll sit s o''icers is thesole prero!tive o' the Sente) 5Note* splittin! o'ter( &et#een Sente Presi$ent "rilon n$

nother Sentor6) When the Constitution provi$estht the Sente Presi$ent shll &e electe$ &. the(?orit. it $oes not $elinete #ho co(prises the(?orit. or the (inorit.) The $e'ete$ sentor5s6in the election 'or the Sente presi$enc. re notnecessril. the (inorit.)

R+LES O PROCEE"IN/S

Arro.o vs) "e Veneci % 2 SCRA 29:* Courtscnnot inDuire into the lle!tions tht inenctin! l#% ,ouse o' Con!ress 'ile$ toco(pl. #ith its o#n rules in the &sence o'sho#in! tht there #s violtion o'

constitutionl provision or privte ri!hts)Prli(entr. rules re (ere proce$ures #hich(. &e #ive$ or $isre!r$e$ &. the le!isltive&o$.)

"ISCIPLININ/ >E>BERS

Os(e vs Pen$tun * The ,ouse o'Representtives is the ?u$!e o' #ht constitutes$isor$erl. &ehvior) The courts #ill not ssu(e?uris$iction in n. cse #hich #ill (ount to ninter'erence &. the ?u$icil $eprt(ent #ith thele!islture)

People vs ) los?os % 72 SCRA 9:8* ,iselection s con!ress(n $i$ not there&. (ountto con$ontion o' his o''ense0 neither $oes itentitle hi(% pen$in! ppel o' his cse% to &e 'ree'ro( con'ine(ent n$ to &e llo#e$ to tten$sessions o' con!ress% 'or the people electe$ hi(#ith 'ull #reness o' the li(ittions on his'ree$o( o' ction n$ (ove(ent) It #s neverthe intention o' the 'r(ers o' the constitution toshiel$ (e(&er o' con!ress 'ro( theconseDuences o' his #ron!$oin!s) A (e(&er o'Con!ress coul$ onl. invo sha'' beMe)bers o* the Senate or the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es" as the case )ay be" ,ho sha'' bechosen on the bas$s o* roort$ona' reresentat$on*ro) the o'$t$ca' art$es and the art$es oror%an$3at$ons re%$stered under the arty7'$st syste)reresented there$n. The sen$or Just$ce $n theE'ectora' Tr$buna' sha'' be $t Cha$r)an.

Ver vs) Avelino * The (e(&ers o' the Sentevli$l. suspen$e$ the oth-tELEC % une 22% 233;* Thephrse Melection% returns n$ Duli'ictionsshoul$ &e interprete$ in its totlit. s re'errin! toll (tters ''ectin! the vli$it. o' thecontestees title) But i' it is necessr. to speci'.%#e cn s. tht Melection re'erre$ to thecon$uct o' the polls% inclu$in! the listin! o'voters% the hol$in! o' the electorl c(pi!n% n$the cstin! n$ countin! o' the votes0 Mreturnsto the cnvss o' the returns n$ theprocl(tion o' the #inners% inclu$in! Duestionsconcernin! the co(position o' the &or$ o'

cnvssers n$ the uthenticit. o' the electionreturns0 n$ MDuli'ictions to (tters tht coul$&e rise$ in Duo #rrnto procee$in! !instthe procli(e$ #inner% such s his $islo.lt. orineli!i&ilit. or the in$eDuc. o' his certi'icte o'cn$i$c.)

ChveF vs) CO>ELEC * While the CO>ELEChs exclusive ?uris$iction over pre-procl(tioncontroversies involvin! locl elective o''icils5Sec) 22% O(ni&us Election Co$e6% nevertheless%pre-procl(tion cses re not llo#e$ inelections 'or Presi$ent% V-Presi$ent% Sentor n$>e(&ers o' the ,ouse o' Representtives)

Wht is llo#e$ is the correction o' M(ni'esterrors in the certi'icte o' cnvss or electionreturns) To &e (ni'est% the errors (ust pperon the 'ce o' the certi'ictes o' cnvss orelection returns sou!ht to &e correcte$ n$oro&?ections thereto (ust hve &een ($e &e'orethe &or$ o' cnvssers n$ speci'icll. note$ inthe (inutes o' their respective procee$in!s)Where the petition clls 'or the correction o'(ni'est errors in the certi'ictes o' cnvss%CO>ELEC hs ?uris$iction) I' it clls 'or the re-openin! n$ pprecition o' &llots% the ElectorlTri&unl hs ?uris$iction)

This Supre(e Courts ?uris$iction to revie#$ecisions n$ resolutions o' ,RET opertes onl.upon sho#in! o' !rve &use o' $iscretion onthe prt o' the Tri&unl tnt(ount to lc< orexcess o' ?uris$iction) Such !rve &use o'$iscretion i(plies cpricious n$ #hi(siclexercise o' ?u$!(ent (ountin! to lc< o'?uris$iction% or r&itrr. n$ $espotic exercise o'po#er &ecuse o' pssion or personl hostilit.)

8


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Bon$oc vs ) Pine$ * >e(&ers o' the ,RET ssole ?u$!e o' con!ressionl election contests reentitle$ to securit. o' tenure ?ust s (e(&ers o'the ?u$icir. en?o. securit. o' tenure un$er ourConstitution)

Ro&les vs ) ,RET * uris$iction o' ,RET oncecDuire$ is not lost upon the instnce o' theprties &ut continues until the cse is ter(inte$)

A&u&rch % 233* TheSupre(e Courts ?uris$iction to revie# $ecisionsn$ resolutions o' ,RET opertes onl. upon sho#in! o' !rve &use o' $iscretion on the prto' the Tri&unl tnt(ount to lc< or excess o'?uris$iction) Such !rve &use o' $iscretioni(plies cpricious n$ #hi(sicl exercise o'?u$!(ent (ountin! to lc< o' ?uris$iction% orr&itrr. n$ $espotic exercise o' po#er &ecuseo' pssion or personl hostilit.) The !rve &use

o' $iscretion (ust &e so ptent n$ !ross s to(ount to n evsion or re'usl to per'or( $ut.en?oine$ &. l#) It is &sent in this cse)

Sect$on /8. There sha'' be a Co))$ss$on onAo$nt)ents cons$st$n% o* the res$dent o* theSenate" as e> o**$c$o Cha$r)an" t,e'#e Senators" andt,e'#e Me)bers o* the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es"e'ected by each ?ouse on the bas$s o* roort$ona'reresentat$on *ro) the o'$t$ca' art$es oror%an$3at$ons re%$stered under the arty7'$st syste)reresented there$n. The Cha$r)an o* theCo))$ss$on sha'' not #ote" e>cet $n case o* a t$e.The Co))$ss$on sha'' act on a'' ao$nt)ents

sub)$tted to $t ,$th$n th$rty sess$on days o* theCon%ress *ro) the$r sub)$ss$on. The Co))$ss$onsha'' ru'e by a )a+or$ty #ote o* a'' the Me)bers.

"A4A V) SIN/SON % 1:3 SCRA 89* The ,ouseo' Representtives is uthoriFe$ to chn!e itsrepresenttion in the Co(() on Appoint(ents tore'lect t n. ti(e the chn!es tht (. trnspirein the politicl li!n(ents o' its (e(&ership) Thechn!es (ust &e PER>ANENT n$ $o not inclu$ete(porr. llinces or 'ctionl $ivisions notinvolvin! severnce o' politicl lo.lties or 'or(l$is''ilition n$ per(nent shi'ts o' lle!ince'ro( one politicl prt. to nother)

The provision on Section 1: on proportionlrepresenttion is (n$tor. in chrcter n$ $oesnot leve n. $iscretion to the (?orit. prt. in theSente to $iso&e. or $isre!r$) A politicl prt.(ust hve t lest t#o sentors to &e &le to hve representtive in the Co((ission onAppoint(ents% so tht n. nu(&er less thn 2 #illnot entitle such prt. (e(&ership in the CA)5/uin!on v) /onFles% 21 SCRA :86)

Pi(entel% r) vs) ,ouse o' Representtives %111832* Even ssu(in! tht prt.-listrepresenttives co(prise su''icient nu(&er n$

hve !ree$ to $esi!nte co((on no(inees to the,RET n$ the CA% their pri(r. recourse clerl.rests #ith the ,ouse o' Representtives n$ not#ith this Court) +n$er Sections 1 n$ 1:% Article VIo' the Constitution% prt.-list representtives (ust'irst sho# to the ,ouse tht the. possess thereDuire$ nu(ericl stren!th to &e entitle$ to setsin the ,RET n$ the CA) Onl. i' the ,ouse 'ils toco(pl. #ith the $irective o' the Constitution onproportionl representtion o' politicl prties inthe ,RET n$ the CA cn the prt.-list

representtives see< recourse to this Court un$erits po#er o' ?u$icil revie#) +n$er the $octrine o'pri(r. ?uris$iction% prior recourse to the ,ouse isnecessr. &e'ore petitioners (. &rin! the instntcse to the court) ConseDuentl.% petitioners $irectrecourse to this Court is pre(ture) The $iscretiono' the ,ouse to choose its (e(&ers to the ,RET

n$ the CA is not &solute% &ein! su&?ect to the(n$tor. constitutionl rule on proportionlrepresenttion)

Pi(entel III vs) CO>ELEC% 4u&iri% >rch 17%233:* It is the SET #hich hs exclusive ?uris$ictionto ct on the co(plint o' Pi(entel involvin!% s it$oes% contest reltin! to the election o' 4u&iri%no# (e(&er o' the Sente)

Sect$on /9. The E'ectora' Tr$buna's and theCo))$ss$on on Ao$nt)ents sha'' be const$tuted,$th$n th$rty days a*ter the Senate and the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es sha'' ha#e been or%an$3ed ,$th thee'ect$on o* the res$dent and the Sea;er. TheCo))$ss$on on Ao$nt)ents sha'' )eet on'y ,h$'ethe Con%ress $s $n sess$on" at the ca'' o* $ts Cha$r)anor a )a+or$ty o* a'' $ts Me)bers" to d$schar%e sucho,ers and *unct$ons as are here$n con*erred uon $t.Sect$on 0:. The records and boo;s o* accounts o* theCon%ress sha'' be reser#ed and be oen to theub'$c $n accordance ,$th 'a," and such boo;s sha''be aud$ted by the Co))$ss$on on Aud$t ,h$ch sha''ub'$sh annua''y an $te)$3ed '$st o* a)ounts a$d toand e>enses $ncurred *or each Me)ber.

APPROPRIATION

/onFles vs) Nrvs % 77 SCRA 77* ThePresi$ents cretion o' the Preprtor.Co((ission on Constitutionl Re'or( throu!h nexecutive Or$er involves no exercise &. Con!resso' its txin! po#er or spen$in! po#er) Thepproprition 'or the PCCR #s uthoriFe$ &. thePresi$ent% not &. Con!ress) In strict sense%pproprition hs &een $e'ine$ s Mnothin! (orethn the le!isltive uthoriFtion prescri&e$ &.the Constitution tht the (one. (. &e pi$ outo' the tresur.% #hile pproprition ($e &. l#re'ers to the Mct o' the le!islture settin! prtor ssi!nin! to prticulr use certin su( to&e use$ in the p.(ent o' $e&t or $ues 'ro( theStte to its cre$itors)

I>PORTANT* LE/ISLATIVE INU+IRJ

Sect$on 0/. The Senate or the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es or any o* $ts resect$#e co))$ttees)ay conduct $n-u$r$es $n a$d o* 'e%$s'at$on $naccordance ,$th $ts du'y ub'$shed ru'es o*rocedure. The r$%hts o* ersons aear$n% $n ora**ected by such $n-u$r$es sha'' be resected.

Ben!Fon vs) Sente Blue Ri&&on 5237SRCA 96* An investi!tion tht see


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Intere''at$ons sha'' not be '$)$ted to ,r$tten-uest$ons" but )ay co#er )atters re'ated thereto.!hen the secur$ty o* the State or the ub'$c $nterestso re-u$res and the res$dent so states $n ,r$t$n%" theaearance sha'' be conducted $n e>ecut$#e sess$on.

EGEC+TIVE PRIVILE/E

is the i(plie$ constitutionl po#er o' thePresi$ent to #ithhol$ in'or(tion reDueste$ &.other &rnches o' the !overn(ent) TheConstitution $oes not expressl. !rnt this po#erto the Presi$ent &ut courts hve lon! reco!niFe$i(plie$ Presi$entil po#ers i' Mnecessr. n$proper in crr.in! out po#ers n$ 'unctionsexpressl. !rnte$ to the Executive un$er theConstitution) xxx In this ?uris$iction% severl$ecisions hve reco!niFe$ executive privile!estrtin! #ith the 188; cse o' Al(onte v)VsDueF% n$ the (ost recent &ein! the 2332cse o' ChveF v) Pu&lic Esttes Authorit. n$the 2339 cse o' Sente v) Er(it)

As Co((n$er-in-Chie' o' the Ar(e$ orcesn$ s Chie' Executive% the Presi$ent isulti(tel. responsi&le 'or (ilitr. n$ ntionlsecurit. (tters ''ectin! the ntion) In the$ischr!e o' this responsi&ilit.% the Presi$ent (.'in$ it necessr. to #ithhol$ sensitive (ilitr.n$ ntionl securit. secrets 'ro( the Le!isltureor the pu&lic)

As the o''icil in control o' the ntions'orei!n service &. virtue o' the Presi$ents controlo' ll executive $eprt(ents% &ureus n$o''ices% the Presi$ent is the chie' i(ple(enter o'

the 'orei!n polic. reltions o' the Stte) ThePresi$ents role s chie' i(ple(enter o' theSttes 'orei!n polic. is rein'orce$ &. thePresi$ents constitutionl po#er to ne!otite n$enter into treties n$ interntionl !ree(ents)In the $ischr!e o' this responsi&ilit.% thePresi$ent (. 'in$ it necessr. to re'use$isclosure o' sensitive $iplo(tic secrets to theLe!islture or the pu&lic) Tr$itionll.% stteshve con$ucte$ $iplo(c. #ith consi$er&lesecrec.) There is ever. expecttion tht stte#ill not i(pru$entl. revel secrets tht its llieshve shre$ #ith it)

There is lso the nee$ to protect the

con'i$entilit. o' the internl $eli&ertions o' thePresi$ent #ith his C&inet n$ $visers) Toencour!e cn$i$ $iscussions n$ thorou!hexchn!e o' vie#s% the Presi$entsco((unictions #ith his C&inet n$ $visersnee$ to &e shiel$e$ 'ro( the !lre o' pu&licit.)Other#ise% the C&inet n$ other presi$entil$visers (. &e reluctnt to $iscuss 'reel. #iththe Presi$ent polic. issues n$ executive (ttersn!lpus% it is cler tht #hile the 'inl text o'the PEPA (. not &e


12/58


tht concerns the $(inistrtion o' existin! l#ss #ell s propose$ or possi&l. nee$e$ sttutes)It even exten$s Mto !overn(ent !encies

crete$ &. Con!ress n$ o''icers #hose positionsre #ithin the po#er o' Con!ress to re!ulte oreven &olish) PC// &elon!s to this clss) xxx Solon! s the constitutionl ri!hts o' #itnesses% lit ad+ourn)entthereo*.

Sect$on 02. A'' aror$at$on" re#enue or tar$** b$''s"b$''s author$3$n% $ncrease o* ub'$c debt" b$''s o* 'oca'a'$cat$on" and r$#ate b$''s sha'' or$%$natee>c'us$#e'y $n the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es" but theSenate )ay roose or concur ,$th a)end)ents.

Sect$on 04. (/ The Con%ress )ay not $ncrease the

aror$at$ons reco))ended by the res$dent *or theoerat$on o* the Go#ern)ent as sec$*$ed $n thebud%et. The *or)" content" and )anner o*rearat$on o* the bud%et sha'' be rescr$bed by 'a,.(0 No ro#$s$on or enact)ent sha'' be e)braced $nthe %enera' aror$at$ons b$'' un'ess $t re'atessec$*$ca''y to so)e art$cu'ar aror$at$on there$n.Any such ro#$s$on or enact)ent sha'' be '$)$ted $n$ts oerat$on to the aror$at$on to ,h$ch $t re'ates.

(1 The rocedure $n aro#$n% aror$at$ons *or theCon%ress sha'' str$ct'y *o''o, the rocedure *oraro#$n% aror$at$ons *or other deart)ents ora%enc$es.

(2 A sec$a' aror$at$ons b$'' sha'' sec$*y theurose *or ,h$ch $t $s $ntended" and sha'' besuorted by *unds actua''y a#a$'ab'e as cert$*$ed bythe Nat$ona' Treasurer" or to be ra$sed by acorresond$n% re#enue roosed there$n.

(4 No 'a, sha'' be assed author$3$n% any trans*er o*aror$at$ons= ho,e#er" the res$dent" the res$dento* the Senate" the Sea;er o* the ?ouse o*@eresentat$#es" the Ch$e* Just$ce o* the Sure)eCourt" and the Const$tut$ona' Co))$ss$ons )ay" by'a," be author$3ed to au%)ent any $te) $n the%enera' aror$at$ons 'a, *or the$r resect$#e o**$ces*ro) sa#$n%s $n other $te)s o* the$r resect$#e

aror$at$ons.

(5 D$scret$onary *unds aror$ated *or art$cu'aro**$c$a's sha'' be d$sbursed on'y *or ub'$c uroses tobe suorted by aror$ate #ouchers and sub+ect tosuch %u$de'$nes as )ay be rescr$bed by 'a,.

(6 I*" by the end o* any *$sca' year" the Con%resssha'' ha#e *a$'ed to ass the %enera' aror$at$onsb$'' *or the ensu$n% *$sca' year" the %enera'aror$at$ons 'a, *or the reced$n% *$sca' year sha''be dee)ed reenacted and sha'' re)a$n $n *orce ande**ect unt$' the %enera' aror$at$ons b$'' $s assedby the Con%ress.

ENROLLE" BILL "OCTRINE

Sect$on 05. (/ E#ery b$'' assed by the Con%resssha'' e)brace on'y one sub+ect ,h$ch sha'' bee>ressed $n the t$t'e thereo*.

(0 No b$'' assed by e$ther ?ouse sha'' beco)e a 'a,un'ess $t has assed three read$n%s on searate days"and r$nted co$es thereo* $n $ts *$na' *or) ha#e beend$str$buted to $ts )e)bers three days be*ore $ts

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assa%e" e>cet ,hen the res$dent cert$*$es to thenecess$ty o* $ts $))ed$ate enact)ent to )eet aub'$c ca'a)$ty or e)er%ency. Uon the 'ast read$n%o* a b$''" no a)end)ent thereto sha'' be a''o,ed" andthe #ote thereon sha'' be ta;en $))ed$ate'ytherea*ter" and the yeas and nays entered $n theJourna'.

Sect$on 06. (/ E#ery b$'' assed by the Con%resssha''" be*ore $t beco)es a 'a," be resented to theres$dent. I* he aro#es the sa)e" he sha'' s$%n $t=other,$se" he sha'' #eto $t and return the sa)e ,$thh$s ob+ect$ons to the ?ouse ,here $t or$%$nated" ,h$chsha'' enter the ob+ect$ons at 'ar%e $n $ts Journa' androceed to recons$der $t. I*" a*ter suchrecons$derat$on" t,o7th$rds o* a'' the Me)bers o*such ?ouse sha'' a%ree to ass the b$''" $t sha'' besent" to%ether ,$th the ob+ect$ons" to the other ?ouseby ,h$ch $t sha'' '$;e,$se be recons$dered" and $*aro#ed by t,o7th$rds o* a'' the Me)bers o* that?ouse" $t sha'' beco)e a 'a,. In a'' such cases" the#otes o* each ?ouse sha'' be deter)$ned by yeas or

nays" and the na)es o* the Me)bers #ot$n% *or ora%a$nst sha'' be entered $n $ts Journa'. The res$dentsha'' co))un$cate h$s #eto o* any b$'' to the ?ouse,here $t or$%$nated ,$th$n th$rty days a*ter the day o*rece$t thereo*= other,$se" $t sha'' beco)e a 'a, as $*he had s$%ned $t.(0 The res$dent sha'' ha#e the o,er to #eto anyart$cu'ar $te) or $te)s $n an aror$at$on" re#enue"or tar$** b$''" but the #eto sha'' not a**ect the $te) or$te)s to ,h$ch he does not ob+ect.

A&c'us$#e'y

used *or re'$%$ous" char$tab'e" or educat$ona' urosessha'' be e>e)t *ro) ta>at$on.

(2 No 'a, %rant$n% any ta> e>e)t$on sha'' beassed ,$thout the concurrence o* a )a+or$ty o* a''the Me)bers o* the Con%ress.

Sect$on 09. (/ No )oney sha'' be a$d out o* theTreasury e>cet $n ursuance o* an aror$at$on)ade by 'a,.

(0 No ub'$c )oney or roerty sha'' bearor$ated" a'$ed" a$d" or e)'oyed" d$rect'y or$nd$rect'y" *or the use" bene*$t" or suort o* any sect"church" deno)$nat$on" sectar$an $nst$tut$on" orsyste) o* re'$%$on" or o* any r$est" reacher")$n$ster" or other re'$%$ous teacher" or d$%n$tary assuch" e>cet ,hen such r$est" reacher" )$n$ster" ord$%n$tary $s ass$%ned to the ar)ed *orces" or to anyena' $nst$tut$on" or %o#ern)ent orhana%e or'erosar$u).

(1 A'' )oney co''ected on any ta> 'e#$ed *or a sec$a'urose sha'' be treated as a sec$a' *und and a$dout *or such urose on'y. I* the urose *or ,h$ch asec$a' *und ,as created has been *u'*$''ed orabandoned" the ba'ance" $* any" sha'' be trans*erredto the %enera' *unds o* the Go#ern)ent.Sect$on 1:. No 'a, sha'' be assed $ncreas$n% theae''ate +ur$sd$ct$on o* the Sure)e Court asro#$ded $n th$s Const$tut$on ,$thout $ts ad#$ce andconcurrence.

Sect$on 1/. No 'a, %rant$n% a t$t'e o* roya'ty ornob$'$ty sha'' be enacted.

Sect$on 10. The Con%ress sha''" as ear'y as oss$b'e"ro#$de *or a syste) o* $n$t$at$#e and re*erendu)"and the e>cet$ons there*ro)" ,hereby the eo'ecan d$rect'y roose and enact 'a,s or aro#e orre+ect any act or 'a, or art thereo* assed by theCon%ress or 'oca' 'e%$s'at$#e body a*ter there%$strat$on o* a et$t$on there*or s$%ned by at 'eastten er centu) o* the tota' nu)ber o* re%$stered#oters" o* ,h$ch e#ery 'e%$s'at$#e d$str$ct )ust bereresented by at 'east three er centu) o* there%$stered #oters thereo*.

ARTICLE VIIE+ECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

Sect$on /. The e>ecut$#e o,er sha'' be #ested $n theres$dent o* the h$'$$nes.

Sect$on 0. No erson )ay be e'ected res$dent un'esshe $s a natura'7born c$t$3en o* the h$'$$nes" are%$stered #oter" ab'e to read and ,r$te" at 'east *ortyyears o* a%e on the day o* the e'ect$on" and ares$dent o* the h$'$$nes *or at 'east ten years$))ed$ate'y reced$n% such e'ect$on.

Sect$on 1. There sha'' be a $ce7res$dent ,ho sha''ha#e the sa)e -ua'$*$cat$ons and ter) o* o**$ce andbe e'ected ,$th and $n the sa)e )anner as theres$dent. ?e )ay be re)o#ed *ro) o**$ce $n thesa)e )anner as the res$dent.

The $ce7res$dent )ay be ao$nted as a Me)ber o*the Cab$net. Such ao$nt)ent re-u$res nocon*$r)at$on.

Sect$on 2. The res$dent and the $ce7res$dent sha''be e'ected by d$rect #ote o* the eo'e *or a ter) o*s$> years ,h$ch sha'' be%$n at noon on the th$rt$ethday o* June *o''o,$n% the day o* the e'ect$on and sha''

17


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end at noon o* the sa)e date s$> years therea*ter.The res$dent sha'' not be e'$%$b'e *or any ree'ect$on.No erson ,ho has succeeded as res$dent and hasser#ed as such *or )ore than *our years sha'' be-ua'$*$ed *or e'ect$on to the sa)e o**$ce at any t$)e.

No $ce7res$dent sha'' ser#e *or )ore than t,o

consecut$#e ter)s. o'untary renunc$at$on o* theo**$ce *or any 'en%th o* t$)e sha'' not be cons$deredas an $nterrut$on $n the cont$nu$ty o* the ser#$ce *orthe *u'' ter) *or ,h$ch he ,as e'ected.

Un'ess other,$se ro#$ded by 'a," the re%u'are'ect$on *or res$dent and $ce7res$dent sha'' be he'don the second Monday o* May.

The returns o* e#ery e'ect$on *or res$dent and $ce7res$dent" du'y cert$*$ed by the board o* can#asserso* each ro#$nce or c$ty" sha'' be trans)$tted to theCon%ress" d$rected to the res$dent o* the Senate.Uon rece$t o* the cert$*$cates o* can#ass" theres$dent o* the Senate sha''" not 'ater than th$rty

days a*ter the day o* the e'ect$on" oen a''cert$*$cates $n the resence o* the Senate and the?ouse o* @eresentat$#es $n +o$nt ub'$c sess$on" andthe Con%ress" uon deter)$nat$on o* the authent$c$tyand due e>ecut$on thereo* $n the )anner ro#$ded by'a," can#ass the #otes.The erson ha#$n% the h$%hest nu)ber o* #otes sha''be roc'a$)ed e'ected" but $n case t,o or )ore sha''ha#e an e-ua' and h$%hest nu)ber o* #otes" one o*the) sha'' *orth,$th be chosen by the #ote o* a)a+or$ty o* a'' the Me)bers o* the Con%ress" #ot$n%searate'y.

The Con%ress sha'' ro)u'%ate $ts ru'es *or thecan#ass$n% o* the cert$*$cates.

The Sure)e Court" s$tt$n% en banc" sha'' be the so'e+ud%e o* a'' contests re'at$n% to the e'ect$on" returns"and -ua'$*$cat$ons o* the res$dent or $ce7 res$dent"and )ay ro)u'%ate $ts ru'es *or the urose.

Sect$on 4. Be*ore they enter on the e>ecut$on o* the$ro**$ce" the res$dent" the $ce7res$dent" or the Act$n%res$dent sha'' ta;e the *o''o,$n% oath or a**$r)at$on >+NITJ The i((unit. en?o.e$ &. sittin! presi$entevolve$ throu!h cse l#)

Soliven vs) >


15/58


Pursunt to this rule% onl. t#o persons% the2n$n$ 7r$plcers% (. contest the election) B.this express enu(ertion% the rule (A% PET cse No) 332% >rch 28%233;6)

Tecson vs) CO>ELEC % 2 SCRA 2* Thections conte(plte$ in Section % Article VII o'the Constitution re post election re(e$ies%n(el.% re!ulr election contests n$ Duo#rrnto) The #or$ Mcontest (ens tht the?uris$iction o' the Supre(e Court onl. &e invo


16/58


Sect$on //. !hene#er the res$dent trans)$ts to theres$dent o* the Senate and the Sea;er o* the ?ouseo* @eresentat$#es h$s ,r$tten dec'arat$on that he $sunab'e to d$schar%e the o,ers and dut$es o* h$so**$ce and unt$' he trans)$ts to the) a ,r$ttendec'arat$on to the contrary" such o,ers and dut$essha'' be d$schar%ed by the $ce7res$dent as Act$n%

res$dent.

!hene#er a )a+or$ty o* a'' the Me)bers o* theCab$net trans)$t to the res$dent o* the Senate andto the Sea;er o* the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es the$r,r$tten dec'arat$on that the res$dent $s unab'e tod$schar%e the o,ers and dut$es o* h$s o**$ce" the$ce7res$dent sha'' $))ed$ate'y assu)e the o,ersand dut$es o* the o**$ce as Act$n% res$dent.

Therea*ter" ,hen the res$dent trans)$ts to theres$dent o* the Senate and to the Sea;er o* the?ouse o* @eresentat$#es h$s ,r$tten dec'arat$on thatno $nab$'$ty e>$sts" he sha'' reassu)e the o,ers anddut$es o* h$s o**$ce. Mean,h$'e" shou'd a )a+or$ty o*

a'' the Me)bers o* the Cab$net trans)$t ,$th$n *$#edays to the res$dent o* the Senate and to theSea;er o* the ?ouse o* @eresentat$#es the$r ,r$ttendec'arat$on that the res$dent $s unab'e to d$schar%ethe o,ers and dut$es o* h$s o**$ce" the Con%resssha'' dec$de the $ssue. &or that urose" the Con%resssha'' con#ene" $* $t $s not $n sess$on" ,$th$n *orty7e$%hthours" $n accordance ,$th $ts ru'es and ,$thout needo* ca''.I* the Con%ress" ,$th$n ten days a*ter rece$t o* the'ast ,r$tten dec'arat$on" or" $* not $n sess$on" ,$th$nt,e'#e days a*ter $t $s re-u$red to asse)b'e"deter)$nes by a t,o7th$rds #ote o* both ?ouses"#ot$n% searate'y" that the res$dent $s unab'e tod$schar%e the o,ers and dut$es o* h$s o**$ce" the$ce7res$dent sha'' act as the res$dent= other,$se"the res$dent sha'' cont$nue e>erc$s$n% the o,ersand dut$es o* h$s o**$ce.

Sect$on /0. In case o* ser$ous $''ness o* the res$dent"the ub'$c sha'' be $n*or)ed o* the state o* h$s hea'th.The Me)bers o* the Cab$net $n char%e o* nat$ona'secur$ty and *ore$%n re'at$ons and the Ch$e* o* Sta** o*the Ar)ed &orces o* the h$'$$nes" sha'' not beden$ed access to the res$dent dur$n% such $''ness.

Re$* Estr$ vs) "esierto% >rch 2% 2331)

Also Re$* TE>PORARJ "ISABILITJ O

PRESI"ENT K The Duestion #hether the cli(e$te(porr. in&ilit. o' Estr$ is politiclDuestion &e.on$ the Supre(e Courts po#er o'revie#) The $ecision tht Presi$ent Arro.o is the$e?ure Presi$ent ($e &. co-eDul &rnch o'!overn(ent cnnot &e revie#e$ &. the Supre(eCourt)

POLITICAL U+ALIIE" A/ENCJ5ALTER-E/O "OCTRINE6

Constntino vs) Cuisi % /)R) No) 13939%Octo&er 17% 233;* Nevertheless% there re po#ersveste$ in the Presi$ent &. the Constitution #hich

(. not &e $ele!te$ to or exercise$ &. n !entor lter e!o o' the Presi$ent) ustice Lurel% in hisponenci in Villen% (tres$dent$a' e'ect$ons and u to the end o* h$s ter)" ares$dent or Act$n% res$dent sha'' not )a;eao$nt)ents" e>cet te)orary ao$nt)ents toe>ecut$#e os$t$ons ,hen cont$nued #acanc$esthere$n ,$'' re+ud$ce ub'$c ser#$ce or endan%erub'$c sa*ety.

Sect$on /5. The res$dent sha'' no)$nate and" ,$ththe consent o* the Co))$ss$on on Ao$nt)ents"ao$nt the heads o* the e>ecut$#e deart)ent"

a)bassadors" other ub'$c )$n$sters and consu's" oro**$cers o* the ar)ed *orces *ro) the ran; o* co'one'or na#a' cata$n" and other o**$cers ,hoseao$nt)ents are #ested $n h$) $n th$s Const$tut$on.?e sha'' a'so ao$nt a'' other o**$cers o* theGo#ern)ent ,hose ao$nt)ents are not other,$sero#$ded *or by 'a," and those ,ho) he )ay beauthor$3ed by 'a, to ao$nt. The Con%ress )ay" by'a," #est the ao$nt)ent o* other o**$cers 'o,er $nran; $n the res$dent a'one" $n the courts" or $n theheads o* deart)ents" a%enc$es" co))$ss$ons" orboards.

The res$dent sha'' ha#e the o,er to )a;eao$nt)ents dur$n% the recess o* the Con%ress",hether #o'untary or $n#o'untary" but suchao$nt)ents sha'' be e**ect$#e on'y unt$' a*terd$saro#a' by the Co))$ss$on on Ao$nt)ents orunt$' the ne>t ad+ourn)ent o* the Con%ress.

Sr(iento vs) >ison0 Butist vs) Slon!0Ber(u$eF vs) Torres0 Cl$eron vs) Crle*Con!ress cnnot expn$ the constitution &.

19


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incresin! those o''icers #ho nee$ priorcon'ir(tion &. the CA)

Bin(ir vs) /rucho0 >ti&! vs) Benip.o%April 2% 2332* An ad "!%(, a))o"!,%"! is per(nent ppoint(ent &ecuse it trch 12% 2336

CONTROL O EGEC+TIVE "EPART>ENTS

Sect$on /6. The res$dent sha'' contro' o* a'' thee>ecut$#e deart)ents" bureaus and o**$ces. ?e sha''ensure that the 'a,s be *a$th*u''y e>ecuted.

Bu


18/58


r$#$'e%e o* the ,r$t o* habeas corus or 'ace theh$'$$nes or any art thereo* under )art$a' 'a,.!$th$n *orty7e$%ht hours *ro) the roc'a)at$on o*)art$a' 'a, or the susens$on o* the r$#$'e%e o* the,r$t o* habeas corus" the res$dent sha'' sub)$t areort $n erson or $n ,r$t$n% to the Con%ress. TheCon%ress" #ot$n% +o$nt'y" by a #ote o* at 'east a

)a+or$ty o* a'' $ts Me)bers $n re%u'ar or sec$a'sess$on" )ay re#o;e such roc'a)at$on orsusens$on" ,h$ch re#ocat$on sha'' not be set as$deby the res$dent. Uon the $n$t$at$#e o* the res$dent"the Con%ress )ay" $n the sa)e )anner" e>tend suchroc'a)at$on or susens$on *or a er$od to bedeter)$ned by the Con%ress" $* the $n#as$on orrebe''$on sha'' ers$st and ub'$c sa*ety re-u$res $t.

The Con%ress" $* not $n sess$on" sha''" ,$th$n t,enty7*our hours *o''o,$n% such roc'a)at$on orsusens$on" con#ene $n accordance ,$th $ts ru'es,$thout any need o* a ca''.

The Sure)e Court )ay re#$e," $n an aror$ate

roceed$n% *$'ed by any c$t$3en" the su**$c$ency o* the*actua' bas$s o* the roc'a)at$on o* )art$a' 'a, or thesusens$on o* the r$#$'e%e o* the ,r$t or thee>tens$on thereo*" and )ust ro)u'%ate $ts dec$s$onthereon ,$th$n th$rty days *ro) $ts *$'$n%.

A state o* )art$a' 'a, does not susend the oerat$ono* the Const$tut$on" nor su'ant the *unct$on$n% o*the c$#$' courts or the 'e%$s'at$#e asse)b'$es" norauthor$3e the con*er)ent o* +ur$sd$ct$on on )$'$tarycourts and a%enc$es o#er c$#$'$ans ,here c$#$' courtsare ab'e to *unct$on" nor auto)at$ca''y susend ther$#$'e%e o* the ,r$t.The susens$on o* the r$#$'e%e o* the ,r$t sha'' a'yon'y to ersons +ud$c$a''y char%ed *or rebe''$on oro**enses $nherent $n or d$rect'y connected ,$th the$n#as$on.

Dur$n% the susens$on o* the r$#$'e%e o* the ,r$t" anyerson thus arrested or deta$ned sha'' be +ud$c$a''ychar%ed ,$th$n three days" other,$se he sha'' bere'eased.

Lcson vs) PereF % >. 13% 2331* The$eclrtion &. the Presi$ent o' Xstte o' re&ellion$urin! or in the 'ter(th o' the >. 1% 2331sei!e o' >lcnn! is not violtive o' theseprtion o' po#ers $octrine) The Presi$ent% sCo((n$er in chie' o' Ar(e$ orces o' thePhilippines% (. cll upon such r(e$ 'orces toprevent or suppress l#less violence% invsion orre&ellion)

Snl


19/58


and re)$t *$nes and *or*e$tures" a*ter con#$ct$on by*$na' +ud%)ent.

?e sha'' a'so ha#e the o,er to %rant a)nesty ,$ththe concurrence o* a )a+or$ty o* a'' the Me)bers o*the Con%ress.

"rilon vs) CA % 232 SCRA 73* The pr$onin!po#er o' the Presi$ent is 'inl n$ unppel&le)

Sect$on 0:. The res$dent )ay contract or %uarantee*ore$%n 'oans on beha'* o* the @eub'$c o* theh$'$$nes ,$th the r$or concurrence o* theMonetary Board" and sub+ect to such '$)$tat$ons as)ay be ro#$ded by 'a,. The Monetary Board sha''",$th$n th$rty days *ro) the end o* e#ery -uarter o*the ca'endar year" sub)$t to the Con%ress a co)'etereort o* $ts dec$s$ons on a'$cat$ons *or 'oans to becontracted or %uaranteed by the Go#ern)ent or%o#ern)ent7o,ned and contro''ed cororat$ons,h$ch ,ou'd ha#e the e**ect o* $ncreas$n% the *ore$%ndebt" and conta$n$n% other )atters as )ay bero#$ded by 'a,.

TREATJ >AIN/ POWER

Sect$on 0/. No treaty or $nternat$ona' a%ree)entsha'' be #a'$d and e**ect$#e un'ess concurred $n by at'east t,o7th$rds o* a'' the Me)bers o* the Senate.

B.n vs) 4(or % 72 SCRA 8* It isinconseDuentil #hether the +nite$ Sttes tretsthe VA onl. s n executive !ree(ent &ecuse%un$er interntionl l#% n executive !ree(ent

is s &in$in! s tret.) 5Also re$ +SAEVeterns Ass) v) Tresurer 13; Phil) 13736 In the'iel$ o' ne!otition% the Sente cnnot intru$e%n$ Con!ress itsel' is po#erless to inv$e it)

AP v)>n!lpus tht the tret.-(


20/58


Sect$on 00. The res$dent sha'' sub)$t to theCon%ress ,$th$n th$rty days *ro) the oen$n% o* there%u'ar sess$on" as the bas$s o* the %enera'aror$at$ons b$''" a bud%et o* e>end$tures andsources o* *$nanc$n%" $nc'ud$n% rece$ts *ro) e>$st$n%and roosed re#enue )easures.

Sect$on 01. The res$dent sha'' address the Con%ressat the oen$n% o* $ts re%u'ar sess$on. ?e )ay a'soaear be*ore $t at any other t$)e.

POWER TO CLASSIJ P+BLIC LAN"S AN" TOSELL T,E SA>E

The po#er to clssi'. ln$s s lien&le&elon!s to the Presi$ent) Onl. ln$s% #hich hve&een clssi'ie$ s lien&le% (. &e sol$) There(ust &e l# uthoriFin! its sle or liention &.the Presi$ent or &. nother o''icer &e'oreconve.nce cn &e execute$ on &ehl' o' the!overn(ent 5Section :% Boo< I o' the 18:

A$(inistrtive Co$e6)

Lurel vs) /rci % 1: SCRA 8* ThePresi$ent (. not conve. vlu&le rel propert.o' the !overn(ent on her sole #ill) Conve.nce(ust &e uthoriFe$ &. l# encte$ &.Con!ress)

POWER O S+PERVISION OVER LOCAL/OVERN>ENTS

To ensure tht locl ''irs re $(inistere$ccor$in! to l#) xxx Inso'r s existin!le!isltion uthoriFes the Presi$ent 5throu!h the

Secretr. o' Locl /overn(ent6 to procee$!inst locl o''icils $(inistrtivel.)

ARTICLE VIIIUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

Sect$on /. The +ud$c$a' o,er sha'' be #ested $n oneSure)e Court and $n such 'o,er courts as )ay beestab'$shed by 'a,.

Jud$c$a' o,er $nc'udes the duty o* the courts o*+ust$ce to sett'e actua' contro#ers$es $n#o'#$n% r$%hts,h$ch are 'e%a''y de)andab'e and en*orceab'e" andto deter)$ne ,hether or not there has been a %ra#e

abuse o* d$scret$on a)ount$n% to 'ac; or e>cess o*+ur$sd$ct$on on the art o* any branch or$nstru)enta'$ty o* the Go#ern)ent.

+"ICIAL REVIEW- o. vs) PC//0 ilos&.n vs) /uin!on0 Oposvs) ctorn 5petitioners-chil$ren60 ilos&.n vs)>orto0 IBP vs) 4(or 5IBP not proper prt.60/onFles vs) Nrvs 5privte citiFen not properprt.6)

/u$ni vs) Sen! % Au!ust 1;% 2339* Courtsre e(po#ere$% un$er the constitutionl principle

o' ?u$icil revie#% to r&itrte $isputes &et#eenthe le!isltive n$ executive &rnches o'!overn(ent on the proper constitutionlpr(eters o' po#er)

PROPER PARTJ- In this ?uris$iction% the Supre(e Court $optsthe M"IRECT IN+RJ test) In People vs) Ver% ithel$ tht the person #ho i(pu!ns the vli$it. o' sttute (ust hve personl n$ su&stntil

interest in the cse such tht he hs sustine$% or#ill sustin $irect in?ur. s result)

,o#ever% &ein! (ere proce$urltechniclit.% the reDuire(ent o' locus stn$i (.&e #ive$ &. the Supre(e Court in the exerciseo' its $iscretion) Even #hen the petitioners hve

'ile$ to sho# $irect in?ur.% the. hve &eenllo#e$ to sue un$er the 2)("&)#% of!(a"$&%"d%"!a# ,)o(!a"&%3. "AVI"% ET ALVS) ARROJO0 C,AVE4 VS) PEA% 7: SCRA 1;20BA/ON/ ALJANSAN/ >AABAJAN VS) 4A>ORA%72 SCRA 80 LI> VS) EGEC+TIVE SECRETARJ%7:3 SCRA 78)

Txp.ers% voters% concerne$ citiFens n$le!isltors (. &e ccor$e$ stn$in! to sue%provi$e$ tht the 'ollo#in! (%/(%,%"!$ re(et*

1) the cses involve$constitutionl issues0

2. 'or ta>ayers% there (ust &e cli( o' ille!l $is&urse(ent o' pu&lic 'un$sor tht the tx (esure is unconstitutionl07) 'or voters% there (ust &e sho#in! o' o&vious interest in the vli$it. o'the election l# in Duestion0

4. 'or concerned c$t$3ens% there(ust &e sho#in! tht the issues re o'trnscen$entl i(portnce #hich (ust &esettle$ erl.0 n$

5. 'or 'e%$s'ators% there (ust &e cli( tht the o''icil ction co(pline$ o'in'rin!es upon their prero!tives sle!isltors)

AIWA vs) Ro(ulo % /R No) 1;;38% nur. 1:%233;* or citiFen to hve stn$in!% he (ustest&lish tht he hs su''ere$ so(e ctul orthretene$ in?ur. s result o' the lle!e$l.ille!l con$uct o' the !overn(ent0 the in?ur. is'irl. trce&le to the chllen!e$ ction0 n$ thein?ur. is liayer K he hs su''icient interestin preventin! the ille!l expen$iture o'(one. rise$ &. txtion)

3. cororate ent$tyK the prt. suin! hssu&stntil reltion to the thir$ prt.0 thethir$ prt. cnnot ssert his constitutionlri!ht0 the ri!ht o' the thir$ prt. #ill &e$ilute$ unless the prt. in court is llo#e$ toespouse the thir$ prt.s constitutionl cli()

As the cse involves constitutionl Duestions%the Supre(e Court is not concerne$ #ith #hetherthe petitioners re rel prties in interest% &ut

#hether the. hve le!l stn$in!) LA B+/AL-BLAAN TRIBAL ASS)% INC)% VS RA>OS% 21 SCRA1:)

EVEN W,EN T,E ISS+ES ARE >OOT AN"ACA"E>IC% the Court still entertins to $?u$ictethe su&stntive (tter i' there is !rvevioltion o' the constitution0 to 'or(ultecontrollin! principles to !ui$e the &ench% &r n$pu&lic n$ cp&le o' repetition% .et ev$in!

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revie#) PROVINCE O BATAN/AS VS) RO>+LO%28 SCRA 79% >. 2% 233)

The (oot n$ c$e(ic principle is not (!icl 'or(ul tht cn uto(ticll. $issu$ethe courts in resolvin! cse) Courts #ill $eci$ecses% other#ise (oot n$ c$e(ic% i'* *$rst"

there is !rve violtion o' the constitution%second"the exceptionl chrcter o' the situtionn$ the pr(ount pu&lic interest is involve$%th$rd" #hen constitutionl issue rise$ reDuires'or(ultion o' controllin! principles to !ui$e the&ench% &r n$ the pu&lic% n$ 'ourth% the cse iscp&le o' repetition .et ev$in! revie#) "AVI"%ET AL) VS) ARROJO% ET AL)0 SANLAAS VS) EGEC)SEC)% 21 SCRA 9;90 ACOP VS) /+IN/ONA% R)%7:7 SCRA ;0 ALBA-A VS) CO>ELEC% 7; SCRA8:)

POLITICAL U+ESTIONS- re concerne$ #ith issues $epen$ent upon the#is$o(% not le!lit. o' prticulr (esure)

U+ESTIONS RE/AR"IN/ A">INISTRATIVEISS+ANCES #ill not preclu$e the S+PRE>ECO+RT 'ro( exercisin! its po#er o' ?u$icilrevie# to $eter(ine #hether or not there #s!rve &use o' $iscretion (ountin! to lc< orexcess o' ?uris$iction on the prt o' issuin!uthorit. un$er its EGPAN"E" +RIS"ICTION)BRILLANTES VS) CO>ELEC% 72 SCRA 298% une1; 233)

ILOSBAJAN VS) ER>ITA % /R No) 121% ul.7% 233 - Petitioners hve stn$in! to 'ile the suitsi(pl. s peoples or!niFtions n$ txp.erssince the (tter involves n issue o' ut(ost n$

'r-rechin! Constitutionl i(portnce% n(el.%the Duli'iction K n.% the citiFenship K o' person to &e ppointe$ (e(&er o' thisCourt) xxx This cse is (tter o' pri(or$ili(portnce involvin! co(plince #ith Constitutionl (n$te) As the &o$. ts


22/58


(d A'' cr$)$na' cases $n ,h$ch the ena'ty $)osed $srec'us$on eretua or h$%her.

(e A'' cases $n ,h$ch on'y an error or -uest$on o* 'a,$s $n#o'#ed.

(1 Ass$%n te)orar$'y +ud%es o* 'o,er courts to other

stat$ons as ub'$c $nterest )ay re-u$re. Suchte)orary ass$%n)ent sha'' not e>ceed s$> )onths,$thout the consent o* the +ud%e concerned.

(2 Order a chan%e o* #enue or 'ace o* tr$a' to a#o$da )$scarr$a%e o* +ust$ce.

(4 ro)u'%ate ru'es concern$n% the rotect$on anden*orce)ent o* const$tut$ona' r$%hts" 'ead$n%"ract$ce" and rocedure $n a'' courts" the ad)$ss$onto the ract$ce o* 'a," the Inte%rated Bar" and 'e%a'ass$stance to the underr$#$'e%ed. Such ru'es sha''ro#$de a s$)'$*$ed and $ne>ens$#e rocedure *orthe seedy d$sos$t$on o* cases" sha'' be un$*or) *ora'' courts o* the sa)e %rade" and sha'' not d$)$n$sh"

$ncrease" or )od$*y substant$#e r$%hts. @u'es o*rocedure o* sec$a' courts and -uas$7+ud$c$a' bod$essha'' re)a$n e**ect$#e un'ess d$saro#ed by theSure)e Court.

(5 Ao$nt a'' o**$c$a's and e)'oyees o* the +ud$c$ary$n accordance ,$th the C$#$' Ser#$ce La,.

C,AN/E O VEN+E- Lrrn! vs) CA% 2: SCRA ;:1* A (otion tochn!e the venue o' 5n$ uthorit. to con$uct6preli(inr. investi!tion cnnot &e t


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photo!rphin! &. or on &ehl' o' the (ovnt) The(otion (. &e oppose$ on the !roun$ o'ntionl securit. or o' the privile!e$ nture o' thein'or(tion% in #hich cse the court% ?ustice or?u$!e (. con$uct herin! in ch(&ers to$eter(ine the (erit o' the opposition) The court%?ustice or ?u$!e shll prescri&e other con$itions to

protect the constitutionl ri!hts o' ll the prties)(d) 4!"%$$ P(o!%&!o" O(d%() MThe court%?ustice or ?u$!e% upon (otion or (otu proprio%(. re'er the #itnesses to the "eprt(ent o'ustice 'or $(ission to the Witness Protection%Securit. n$ Bene'it Pro!r(% pursunt toRepu&lic Act No) 98:1) The court% ?ustice or ?u$!e(. lso re'er the #itnesses to other !overn(ent!encies% or to ccre$ite$ persons or privteinstitutions cp&le o' ELEC cnnot $opt rule prohi&itin! the'ilin! o' certin ple$in!s in the re!ulr courts)The po#er to pro(ul!te rules concernin!ple$in!s% prctice n$ proce$ure in ll courts is

veste$ on the Supre(e Court)

Repu&lic vs) /in!o.on % /)R) No) 1928%"ece(&er 18% 233;* Con!ress hs the plenr.le!isltive po#er) The silence o' the Constitutionon the su&?ect cn onl. &e interprete$ s(enin! there is no intention to $i(inish thtplenr. po#er) RA :8 #hich reDuires 'ullp.(ent &e'ore the Stte (. exerciseproprietr. ri!hts% contrr. to Rule 9 #hichreDuires onl. $eposit #s reco!niFe$ &. theSupre(e Court)

PEOPLE VS) >ATEO % ul. % 233* While the

'un$(entl l# reDuires (n$tor. revie# &.the Supre(e Court o' cses #here the penlt. isreclusion perpetu% li'e i(prison(ent% or $eth%no#here ho#ever% hs it proscri&e$ ninter(e$ite revie#) The Supre(e Court $ee(s it#ise n$ co(pellin! to provi$e in these cses revie# &. the Court o' Appels &e'ore the cse iselevte$ to the Supre(e Court)

Proce$url (tters% 'irst n$ 'ore(ost% 'll(ore sDurel. #ithin the rule ( o**$c$o Cha$r)an"the Secretary o* Just$ce" and a reresentat$#e o* theCon%ress as e> o**$c$o Me)bers" a reresentat$#e o*the Inte%rated Bar" a ro*essor o* 'a," a ret$redMe)ber o* the Sure)e Court" and a reresentat$#eo* the r$#ate sector.

(0 The re%u'ar Me)bers o* the Counc$' sha'' beao$nted by the res$dent *or a ter) o* *our years,$th the consent o* the Co))$ss$on onAo$nt)ents. O* the Me)bers *$rst ao$nted" thereresentat$#e o* the Inte%rated Bar sha'' ser#e *or*our years" the ro*essor o* 'a, *or three years" theret$red Just$ce *or t,o years" and the reresentat$#eo* the r$#ate sector *or one year.

(1 The C'er; o* the Sure)e Court sha'' be theSecretary e> o**$c$o o* the Counc$' and sha'' ;ee arecord o* $ts roceed$n%s.

(2 The re%u'ar Me)bers o* the Counc$' sha'' rece$#esuch e)o'u)ents as )ay be deter)$ned by theSure)e Court. The Sure)e Court sha'' ro#$de $n$ts annua' bud%et the aror$at$ons *or the Counc$'.

(4 The Counc$' sha'' ha#e the r$nc$a' *unct$on o*reco))end$n% ao$ntees to the Jud$c$ary. It )aye>erc$se such other *unct$ons and dut$es as theSure)e Court )ay ass$%n to $t.

Sect$on 9. The Me)bers o* the Sure)e Court and+ud%es o* 'o,er courts sha'' be ao$nted by theres$dent *ro) a '$st o* at 'east three no)$neesreared by the Jud$c$a' and Bar Counc$' *or e#ery#acancy. Such ao$nt)ents need no con*$r)at$on.

&or the 'o,er courts" the res$dent sha'' $ssue theao$nt)ents ,$th$n n$nety days *ro) the sub)$ss$ono* the '$st.

Sect$on /:. The sa'ary o* the Ch$e* Just$ce and o* theAssoc$ate Just$ces o* the Sure)e Court" and o*+ud%es o* 'o,er courts sha'' be *$>ed by 'a,. Dur$n%the$r cont$nuance $n o**$ce" the$r sa'ary sha'' not bedecreased.

Sect$on //. The Me)bers o* the Sure)e Court and+ud%es o* 'o,er courts sha'' ho'd o**$ce dur$n% %oodbeha#$or unt$' they reached the a%e o* se#enty yearsor beco)e $ncaac$tated to d$schar%e the dut$es o*the$r o**$ce. The Sure)e Court en banc sha'' ha#ethe o,er to d$sc$'$ne +ud%es o* 'o,er courts" ororder the$r d$s)$ssa' by a #ote o* a )a+or$ty o* theMe)bers ,ho actua''y too; art $n the de'$berat$onson the $ssues $n the case and #oted thereon.

Sect$on /0. The Me)bers o* the Sure)e Court ando* other courts estab'$shed by 'a, sha'' not bedes$%nated to any a%ency er*or)$n% -uas$7+ud$c$a'or ad)$n$strat$#e *unct$ons.

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Sect$on /1. The conc'us$ons o* the Sure)e Court $nany case sub)$tted to $t *or dec$s$on en banc or $nd$#$s$on sha'' be reached $n consu'tat$on be*ore thecase $s ass$%ned to a Me)ber *or the ,r$t$n% o* theo$n$on o* the Court. A cert$*$cat$on to th$s e**ects$%ned by the Ch$e* Just$ce sha'' be $ssued and a coythereo* attached to the record o* the case and ser#ed

uon the art$es. Any Me)ber ,ho too; no art" ord$ssented" or absta$ned *ro) a dec$s$on or reso'ut$on)ust state the reason there*or. The sa)ere-u$re)ents sha'' be obser#ed by a'' 'o,erco''e%$ate courts.

Sect$on /2. No dec$s$on sha'' be rendered by anycourt ,$thout e>ress$n% there$n c'ear'y and d$st$nct'ythe *acts and the 'a, on ,h$ch $t $s based.

No et$t$on *or re#$e, or )ot$on *or recons$derat$ono* a dec$s$on o* the court sha'' be re*used due courseor den$ed ,$thout stat$n% the 'e%a' bas$s there*or.

>IN+TE RESOL+TION

- o(tsu vs) CA% 2:8 SCRA 93* $oes not violteSection 1) Resolutions re not $ecisions #ithinthe constitutionl reDuire(ent0 the. (erel. hol$tht the petition 'or revie# shoul$ not &eentertine$ n$ the petition to revie# $ecision o'the CA is not (tter o' ri!ht &ut o' soun$?u$icil $iscretion% hence% there is no nee$ to 'ull.explin the Courts $enil since% 'or one thin!% the'cts n$ the l# re lre$. (entione$ in theCA $ecision)

/er(n >chineries Corportion vs) En$. %SCRA 728* The (n$te un$er Section 1%Article VIII o' the constitution is pplic&le onl. incses Msu&(itte$ 'or $ecision% i)e% !iven $uecourse n$ 'ter the 'ilin! o' the &rie's or(e(orn$ n$or other ple$in!s% &ut not#here resolution is issue$ $en.in! $ue courseto petition n$ sttin! the le!l &sis thereo')

Oil = Ntionl /s Co() vs) CA % 287 SCRA 29*Section 1 $oes not preclu$e the vli$it. o'M>e(orn$u( "ecision #hich $opt &.re'erence the 'in$in!s o' 'ct n$ conclusions o'l# contine$ in the $ecisions o' in'eriortri&unls) It is inten$e$ to voi$ cu(&erso(erepro$uction o' the $ecision 5or portions thereo'6o' the lo#er court)

Sect$on /4. (/ A'' cases or )atters *$'ed a*ter thee**ect$#$ty o* th$s Const$tut$on )ust be dec$ded orreso'#ed ,$th$n t,enty7*our )onths *ro) date o*sub)$ss$on *or the Sure)e Court" and" un'essreduced by the Sure)e Court" t,e'#e )onths *or a'''o,er co''e%$ate courts" and three )onths *or a'' other'o,er courts.(0 A case or )atter sha'' be dee)ed sub)$tted *ordec$s$on or reso'ut$on uon the *$'$n% o* the 'astend$n%" br$e*" or )e)orandu) re-u$red by the@u'es o* Court or by the court $tse'*.

(1 Uon the e>$rat$on o* the corresond$n% er$od"a cert$*$cat$on to th$s e**ect s$%ned by the Ch$e*Just$ce or the res$d$n% +ud%e sha'' *orth,$th be$ssued and a coy thereo* attached to the record o*the case or )atter" and ser#ed uon the art$es. Thecert$*$cat$on sha'' state ,hy a dec$s$on or reso'ut$onhas not been rendered or $ssued ,$th$n sa$d er$od.

(2 Des$te the e>$rat$on o* the a'$cab'e)andatory er$od" the court" ,$thout re+ud$ce tosuch resons$b$'$ty as )ay ha#e been $ncurred $nconse-uence thereo*" sha'' dec$de or reso'#e the case

or )atter sub)$tted thereto *or deter)$nat$on",$thout *urther de'ay.

Sect$on /5. The Sure)e Court sha''" ,$th$n th$rtydays *ro) the oen$n% o* each re%u'ar sess$on o* theCon%ress" sub)$t to the res$dent and the Con%ressan annua' reort on the oerat$ons and act$#$t$es o*

the Jud$c$ary.

ARTICLE I+CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS

A. Co))on ro#$s$ons

Sect$on /. The Const$tut$ona' Co))$ss$ons" ,h$chsha'' be $ndeendent" are the C$#$' Ser#$ceCo))$ss$on" the Co))$ss$on on E'ect$ons" and theCo))$ss$on on Aud$t.

Sect$on 0. No Me)ber o* a Const$tut$ona' Co))$ss$onsha''" dur$n% h$s tenure" ho'd any other o**$ce or

e)'oy)ent. Ne$ther sha'' he en%a%e $n the ract$ceo* any ro*ess$on or $n the act$#e )ana%e)ent orcontro' o* any bus$ness ,h$ch $n any ,ay be a**ectedby the *unct$ons o* h$s o**$ce" nor sha'' he be*$nanc$a''y $nterested" d$rect'y or $nd$rect'y" $n anycontract ,$th" or $n any *ranch$se or r$#$'e%e %rantedby the Go#ern)ent" any o* $ts subd$#$s$ons" a%enc$es"or $nstru)enta'$t$es" $nc'ud$n% %o#ern)ent7o,ned orcontro''ed cororat$on or the$r subs$d$ar$es.

Sect$on 1. The sa'ary o* the Cha$r)an and theCo))$ss$oners sha'' be *$>ed by 'a, and sha'' not bedecreased dur$n% the$r tenure.

Sect$on 2. The Const$tut$ona' Co))$ss$ons sha''ao$nt the$r o**$c$a's and e)'oyees $n accordance,$th 'a,.

Sect$on 4. The Co))$ss$on sha'' en+oy *$sca'autono)y. The$r aro#ed annua' aror$at$onssha'' be auto)at$ca''y and re%u'ar'y re'eased.

Sect$on 5. Each Co))$ss$on en banc )ay ro)u'%ate$ts o,n ru'es concern$n% 'ead$n%s and ract$cebe*ore $t or be*ore any o* $ts o**$ces. Such ru'es"ho,e#er" sha'' not d$)$n$sh" $ncrease" or )od$*ysubstant$#e r$%hts.

Sect$on 6. Each Co))$ss$on sha'' dec$de by a

)a+or$ty #ote o* a'' $ts Me)bers any case or )atterbrou%ht be*ore $t ,$th$n s$>ty days *ro) the date o*$ts sub)$ss$on *or dec$s$on or reso'ut$on. A case or)atter $s dee)ed sub)$tted *or dec$s$on or reso'ut$onuon the *$'$n% o* the 'ast 'ead$n%" br$e*" or)e)orandu) re-u$red by the ru'es o* theCo))$ss$on or by the Co))$ss$on $tse'*. Un'essother,$se ro#$ded by th$s Const$tut$on or by 'a," anydec$s$on" order" or ru'$n% o* each Co))$ss$on )ay bebrou%ht to the Sure)e Court on cert$orar$ by thea%%r$e#ed arty ,$th$n th$rty days *ro) rece$t o* acoy thereo*.

Sect$on 8. Each Co))$ss$on sha'' er*or) such other*unct$ons as )ay be ro#$ded by 'a,.

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

Sect$on /. (/ The C$#$' Ser#$ce sha'' be ad)$n$steredby the C$#$' Ser#$ce Co))$ss$on co)osed o* aCha$r)an and t,o Co))$ss$oners ,ho sha'' benatura'7born c$t$3ens o* the h$'$$nes and" at thet$)e o* the$r ao$nt)ent" at 'east th$rty7*$#e years o*

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a%e" ,$th ro#en caac$ty *or ub'$c ad)$n$strat$on"and )ust not ha#e been cand$dates *or any e'ect$#eos$t$on $n the e'ect$ons $))ed$ate'y reced$n% the$rao$nt)ent.

(0 The Cha$r)an and the Co))$ss$oners sha'' beao$nted by the res$dent ,$th the consent o* the

Co))$ss$on on Ao$nt)ents *or a ter) o* se#enyears ,$thout reao$nt)ent. O* those *$rstao$nted" the Cha$r)an sha'' ho'd o**$ce *or se#enyears" a Co))$ss$oner *or *$#e years" and anotherCo))$ss$oner *or three years" ,$thoutreao$nt)ent. Ao$nt)ent to any #acancy sha'' beon'y *or the une>$red ter) o* the redecessor. In nocase sha'' any )e)ber be ao$nted or des$%nated $na te)orary or act$n% caac$ty.

Sect$on 0. (/ The c$#$' ser#$ce e)braces a'' branches"subd$#$s$ons" $nstru)enta'$t$es" and a%enc$es o* theGo#ern)ent" $nc'ud$n% %o#ern)ent7o,ned orcontro''ed cororat$ons ,$th or$%$na' charters.

(0 Ao$nt)ents $n the c$#$' ser#$ce sha'' be )adeon'y accord$n% to )er$t and *$tness to be deter)$ned"as *ar as ract$cab'e" and" e>cet to os$t$ons ,h$chare o'$cy7deter)$n$n%" r$)ar$'y con*$dent$a'" orh$%h'y techn$ca'" by co)et$t$#e e>a)$nat$on.

(1 No o**$cer or e)'oyee o* the c$#$' ser#$ce sha'' bere)o#ed or susended e>cet *or cause ro#$ded by'a,.

(2 No o**$cer or e)'oyee $n the c$#$' ser#$ce sha''en%a%e" d$rect'y or $nd$rect'y" $n any e'ect$oneer$n% orart$san o'$t$ca' ca)a$%n.

(4 The r$%ht to se'*7or%an$3at$on sha'' not be den$edto %o#ern)ent e)'oyees.

(5 Te)orary e)'oyees o* the Go#ern)ent sha'' be%$#en such rotect$on as )ay be ro#$ded by 'a,.

Sect$on 1. The C$#$' Ser#$ce Co))$ss$on" as thecentra' ersonne' a%ency o* the Go#ern)ent" sha''estab'$sh a career ser#$ce and adot )easures toro)ote )ora'e" e**$c$ency" $nte%r$ty" resons$#eness"ro%ress$#eness" and courtesy $n the c$#$' ser#$ce. Itsha'' stren%then the )er$t and re,ards syste)"$nte%rate a'' hu)an resources de#e'o)ent

ro%ra)s *or a'' 'e#e's and ran;s" and $nst$tut$ona'$3ea )ana%e)ent c'$)ate conduc$#e to ub'$caccountab$'$ty. It sha'' sub)$t to the res$dent andthe Con%ress an annua' reort on $ts ersonne'ro%ra)s.

Sect$on 2. A'' ub'$c o**$cers and e)'oyees sha'' ta;ean oath or a**$r)at$on to uho'd and de*end th$sConst$tut$on.Sect$on 4. The Con%ress sha'' ro#$de *or thestandard$3at$on o* co)ensat$on o* %o#ern)ento**$c$a's" $nc'ud$n% those $n %o#ern)ent7o,ned orcontro''ed cororat$ons ,$th or$%$na' charters" ta;$n%$nto account the nature o* the resons$b$'$t$eserta$n$n% to" and the -ua'$*$cat$ons re-u$red *or the$ros$t$ons.

Sect$on 5. No cand$date ,ho has 'ost $n any e'ect$onsha''" ,$th$n one year a*ter such e'ect$on" beao$nted to any o**$ce $n the Go#ern)ent o* any%o#ern)ent7o,ned or contro''ed cororat$ons or $nany o* $ts subs$d$ar$es.

Sect$on 6. No e'ect$#e o**$c$a' sha'' be e'$%$b'e *orao$nt)ent or des$%nat$on $n any caac$ty to anyub'$c o**$ce or os$t$on dur$n% h$s tenure.

Un'ess other,$se a''o,ed by 'a, or by the r$)ary*unct$ons o* h$s os$t$on" no ao$nt$#e o**$c$a' sha''ho'd any other o**$ce or e)'oy)ent $n the

Go#ern)ent or any subd$#$s$on" a%ency or$nstru)enta'$ty thereo*" $nc'ud$n% %o#ern)ent7o,nedor contro''ed cororat$ons or the$r subs$d$ar$es.

Sect$on 8. No e'ect$#e or ao$nt$#e ub'$c o**$cer ore)'oyee sha'' rece$#e add$t$ona'" doub'e" or $nd$rectco)ensat$on" un'ess sec$*$ca''y author$3ed by 'a,"nor accet ,$thout the consent o* the Con%ress" anyresent" e)o'u)ent" o**$ce" or t$t'e o* any ;$nd *ro)any *ore$%n %o#ern)ent.

ens$ons or %ratu$t$es sha'' not be cons$dered asadd$t$ona'" doub'e" or $nd$rect co)ensat$on.

/SIS VS) CSC % 232 SCRA 88* The !rnt tothe Civil Service Co((ission o' $?u$ictor.po#er% or the uthorit. to her n$ $?u$!ecses% necessril. inclu$es the po#er to en'orceor or$er execution o' its $ecisions% resolutions% oror$ers) The uthorit. to $eci$e cses #oul$ &einutile unless cco(pnie$ &. the uthorit. tosee tht #ht hs &een $eci$e$ is crrie$ out)

CSC vs) So?or % /R No) 19:99% >. 22% 233:*The Constitution !rnts to the CSC $(inistrtionover the entire civil service) As $e'ine$% the civilservice e(&rces ever. &rnch% !enc.%su&$ivision% n$ instru(entlit. o' the

!overn(ent% inclu$in! ever. !overn(ent-o#ne$or controlle$ corportion) It is 'urther clssi'ie$into creer n$ non-creer service positions)Ca(%%( $%(5&% )o$!o"$ re those #here* 516

entrnce is &se$ on (erit n$ 'itness or hi!hl.technicl Duli'ictions0 526 there is opportunit.'or $vnce(ent to hi!her creer positions0 n$576 there is securit. o' tenure) A stte universit.presi$ent #ith 'ixe$ ter( o' o''ice ppointe$ &.the !overnin! &or$ o' trustees o' the universit.%is non-creer civil service o''icer) ,e #sppointe$ &. the chir(n n$ (e(&ers o' the!overnin! &or$ o' CVPC) B. cler provision o'l#% respon$ent is non-creer civil servnt #ho

is un$er the ?uris$iction o' the CSC)

CSC vs) "B> % /R No) 1;:81% ul. 22% 233;*The Mno report% no relese polic. (. not &evli$l. en'orce$ !inst o''ices veste$ #ith 'isclutono(.) Bein! uto(tic connotes so(ethin!(echnicl% spontneous n$ per'unctor.) It(ens tht no con$ition to 'un$ releses to it(. &e i(pose$)

Nseco vs) NLRC % 9: SCRA 122* E(plo.eeso' /OCCs% s !enerl rule% re !overne$ &. theCivil Service L#) But $istinction o' the (nnerthe /OCC #s crete$ (ust &e ($e) I' the

/OCC #s est&lishe$ throu!h n ori!inl chrter5or specil l#6% then it 'lls un$er the civilservice% e)!)% /SIS n$ SSS) ,o#ever%corportions #hich re su&si$iries o' thesechrtere$ !encies% e)!)% >nil ,otel% isexclu$e$ 'ro( the cover!e o' the civil service)

LeveriF vs) IAC % 1; SCRA 2:2* An !enc.o' !overn(ent re'ers to n. o' the vrious unitso' the !overn(ent% inclu$in! $eprt(ent%

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&ureu% o''ice% instru(entlit. or !overn(ent-o#ne$ or controlle$ corportion or locl!overn(ent or $istinct unit therein)Instru(entlit. re'ers to n. !enc. o' thentionl !overn(ent% not inte!rte$ #ithin the$eprt(ent 'r(e#ori?res % 2 SCRA ;72* Atrns'er tht i(s &. in$irect (etho$ toter(inte services or to 'orce resi!ntionconstitutes re(ovl)

Estr$ vs ) Escritor % une 22% 2339* In there o' reli!ious exercise s pre'erre$ 'ree$o(%ho#ever% (n stn$s ccount&le to n uthorit.hi!her thn the stte% n$ so the stte interestsou!ht to &e uphel$ (ust &e so co(pellin! thtits violtion #ill ero$e the ver. '&ric o' the sttetht #ill lso protect the 'ree$o() In the &senceo' sho#in! such stte interest exists% (n (ust&e llo#e$ to su&scri&e to the In'inite)

>teo vs) Court o' Appels % 2 SCRA 2:*The prt. !!rieve$ &. $ecision% rulin!% or$er%or ction o' n !enc. o' the !overn(ent

involvin! ter(intion o' services (. ppel tothe CSC #ithin 1; $.s) There'ter% he coul$ !oon certiorri to the Supre(e Court un$er Rule 9;o' the Rules o' Court i' he still 'eels !!rieve$ &.the rulin! o' the CSC)

PRI>ARILJ CONI"ENTIAL

>ontecillo vs) CSC % une 2:% 2331* The CSC isexpressl. e(po#ere$ &. the A$(inistrtive Co$e

o' 18: to $eclre positions in the Civil Servicepri(ril. con'i$entil) 5Re$* SlFr vs) >th.%7 SCRA 2:;% on t#o instnces #hen position(. &e consi$ere$ pri(ril. con'i$entil* 516Presi$ent $eclres the position to &e pri(ril.con'i$entil upon reco((en$tion o' o' the CSC0526 #hen &. the nture o' the 'unctions% there

exists close inti(c. &et#een the ppointee n$ppointin! uthorit. #hich ensures 'ree$o( o'intercourse #ithout e(&rrss(ent or 'ree$o('ro( (is!ivin! or &etr.ls o' personl trust orcon'i$entil (tters o' stte)

,ILARIO VS) CSC % 27 SCRA 239* Cit. Le!lO''icer is pri(ril. con'i$entil)

PA/COR VS) RILLORA4A % une 2;% 2331* Theposition o' Csino Opertions >n!er is notpri(ril. con'i$entil)

RESI/NATION

Estr$ vs) "esierto % >rch 2% 2331* There(ust intent to resi!n n$ the intent (ust &ecouple$ &. cts o' relinDuish(ent) The vli$it. o' resi!ntion is not !overne$ &. n. 'or(lreDuire(ent s to 'or() It cn &e orl) It cn &e#ritten) It cn &e express) It cn i(plie$) As lon!s the resi!ntion is cler% it (ust &e !iven le!le''ect)

To constitute co(plete n$ opertiveresi!ntion 'ro( pu&lic o''ice% there (ust &e* 516n intention to relinDuish prt o' the ter(0 526n ct o' relinDuish(ent0 n$ 576 n cceptnce

&. the proper uthorit.) The lst one is reDuire$&. reson o' Article 27: o' the Revise$ PenlCo$e) 5Sn!!unin! B.n o' Sn An$res%Ctn$unes vs) CA% 2: SCRA 29% 1886)

Sntos vs) CA % 7; SCRA ;;7% 523336* Rule on$ou&le co(penstion not pplic&le to pension) Aretiree receivin! pension or !rtuit. 'terretire(ent cn continue to receive such pensionor !rtuit. i' he ccepts nother !overn(entposition to #hich nother co(penstion isttche$)

PILC vs) El( % /)R) No) 17:89;% >rch ;%233* PCC/ Chir >!$n!l El( is prohi&ite$un$er the Constitution 'ro( si(ultneousl.servin! s Chie' Presi$entil Le!l Counsel) Theposition o' PCC/ Chir n$ CPLC re inco(pti&leo''ices since the CPLC revie#s ctions o' thePC// Chir) It pointe$ out tht the !enerl ruleto hol$ (ore thn one o''ice is Mllo#e$ &. l# or&. the pri(r. 'unctions o' his position)

"el Cstillo vs) Civil Service Co((ission %Au!ust 21% 188* When n e(plo.ee is ille!ll.$is(isse$% n$ his reinstte(ent is lter or$ere$&. the Court% 'or ll le!l intents n$ purposes heis consi$ere$ s not hvin! le't his o''ice% n$

not#ithstn$in! the silence o' the $ecision% he isentitle$ to p.(ent o' &c< slries)

"OTC vs) CruF % /R No) 1:2;9% ul. 27% 233:*The Supre(e Court 'ollo#s s prece$ent% the "OTC$i$ not e''ect CruFQs ter(intion #ith &$ 'ith n$%conseDuentl.% no &c


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"vi$ vs) /ni /R No) 1;9373% Au!ust 1%2337* A civil service o''icer or e(plo.ee% #ho hs&een 'oun$ ille!ll. $is(isse$ or suspen$e$% isentitle$ to &e reinstte$ n$ to &c< #!es n$other (onetr. &ene'its 'ro( the ti(e o' hisille!l $is(issl or suspension up to hisreinstte(ent% n$ i' t the ti(e the $ecision o'

exonertion is pro(ul!te$% he is lre$. o'retire(ent !e% he shll &e entitle$ not onl. to&c< #!es &ut lso to 'ull retire(ent &ene'its)

CSC vs) "co.co. % April 28% 1888* The CSC sn !!rieve$ prt.% (. ppel the $ecision o'the Court o' Appels to the Supre(e Court)Appel no# lies 'ro( $ecision exonertin! civil service e(plo.ee o' $(inistrtive chr!es)

CSC vs) Al&o % Octo&er 17% 233;* The presentcse prtCo))$ss$oners ,ho sha'' be natura'7born c$t$3ens o*the h$'$$nes and" at the t$)e o* the$r ao$nt)ent"at 'east th$rty7*$#e years o* a%e" ho'ders o* a co''e%ede%ree" and )ust not ha#e been cand$dates *or anye'ect$#e os$t$on $n the $))ed$ate'y reced$n%e'ect$ons. ?o,e#er" a )a+or$ty thereo*" $nc'ud$n% theCha$r)an" sha'' be Me)bers o* the h$'$$ne Bar,ho ha#e been en%a%ed $n the ract$ce o* 'a, *or at'east ten years.

(0 The Cha$r)an and the Co))$ss$oners sha'' beao$nted by the res$dent ,$th the consent o* theCo))$ss$on on Ao$nt)ents *or a ter) o* se#enyears ,$thout reao$nt)ent. O* those *$rst

ao$nted" three Me)bers sha'' ho'd o**$ce *or se#enyears" t,o Me)bers *or *$#e years" and the 'astMe)bers *or three years" ,$thout reao$nt)ent.Ao$nt)ent to a #acancy sha'' be on'y *or theune>$red ter) o* the redecessor. In no case sha''any Me)ber be ao$nted or des$%nated $n ate)orary or act$n% caac$ty.

Sect$on 0. The Co))$ss$on on E'ect$ons sha''e>erc$se the *o''o,$n% o,ers and *unct$onserc$se e>c'us$#e or$%$na' +ur$sd$ct$on o#er a''contests re'at$n% to the e'ect$ons" returns" and

-ua'$*$cat$ons o* a'' e'ect$#e re%$ona'" ro#$nc$a'" andc$ty o**$c$a's" and ae''ate +ur$sd$ct$on o#er a''contests $n#o'#$n% e'ect$#e )un$c$a' o**$c$a's dec$dedby tr$a' courts o* %enera' +ur$sd$ct$on" or $n#o'#$n%e'ect$#e baran%ay o**$c$a's dec$ded by tr$a' courts o*'$)$ted +ur$sd$ct$on.

Dec$s$ons" *$na' orders" or ru'$n%s o* the Co))$ss$onon e'ect$on contests $n#o'#$n% e'ect$#e )un$c$a' andbaran%ay o**$ces sha'' be *$na'" e>ecutory" and notaea'ab'e.

(1 Dec$de" e>cet those $n#o'#$n% the r$%ht to #ote"a'' -uest$ons a**ect$n% e'ect$ons" $nc'ud$n%deter)$nat$on o* the nu)ber and 'ocat$on o* o''$n%

'aces" ao$nt)ent o* e'ect$on o**$c$a's and$nsectors" and re%$strat$on o* #oters.

(2 Deut$3e" ,$th the concurrence o* the res$dent"'a, en*orce)ent a%enc$es and $nstru)enta'$t$es o*the Go#ern)ent" $nc'ud$n% the Ar)ed &orces o* theh$'$$nes" *or the e>c'us$#e urose o* ensur$n%*ree" order'y" honest" eace*u'" and cred$b'ee'ect$ons.

(4 @e%$ster" a*ter su**$c$ent ub'$cat$on" o'$t$ca'art$es" or%an$3at$ons" or coa'$t$ons ,h$ch" $n add$t$onto other re-u$re)ents" )ust resent the$r 'at*or) orro%ra) o* %o#ern)ent= and accred$t c$t$3ens ar)so* the Co))$ss$on on E'ect$ons. @e'$%$ousdeno)$nat$ons and sects sha'' not be re%$stered.Those ,h$ch see; to ach$e#e the$r %oa's throu%h#$o'ence or un'a,*u' )eans" or re*use to uho'd andadhere to th$s Const$tut$on" or ,h$ch are suortedby any *ore$%n %o#ern)ent sha'' '$;e,$se be re*usedre%$strat$on.

&$nanc$a' contr$but$ons *ro) *ore$%n %o#ern)ents andthe$r a%enc$es to o'$t$ca' art$es" or%an$3at$ons"coa'$t$ons" or cand$dates re'ated to e'ect$onsconst$tute $nter*erence $n nat$ona' a**a$rs" and" ,henacceted" sha'' be an add$t$ona' %round *or thecance''at$on o* the$r re%$strat$on ,$th theCo))$ss$on" $n add$t$on to other ena't$es that )ay

be rescr$bed by 'a,.

(5 &$'e" uon a #er$*$ed co)'a$nt" or on $ts o,n$n$t$at$#e" et$t$ons $n court *or $nc'us$on or e>c'us$ono* #oters= $n#est$%ate and" ,here aror$ate"rosecute cases o* #$o'at$ons o* e'ect$on 'a,s"$nc'ud$n% acts or o)$ss$ons const$tut$n% e'ect$on*rauds" o**enses" and )a'ract$ces.

(6 @eco))end to the Con%ress e**ect$#e )easuresto )$n$)$3e e'ect$on send$n%" $nc'ud$n% '$)$tat$on o*'aces ,here roa%anda )ater$a's sha'' be osted"and to re#ent and ena'$3e a'' *or)s o* e'ect$on*rauds" o**enses" )a'ract$ces" and nu$sancecand$dates.

(8 @eco))end to the res$dent the re)o#a' o* anyo**$cer or e)'oyer $t has deut$3ed" or the $)os$t$ono* any other d$sc$'$nary act$on" *or #$o'at$on ord$sre%ard o*" or d$sobed$ence to $ts d$rect$#e" order"or dec$s$on.

(9 Sub)$t to the res$dent and the Con%ress aco)rehens$#e reort on the conduct o* eache'ect$on" 'eb$sc$te" $n$t$at$#e" re*erendu)" or reca''.

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Sect$on 1. The Co))$ss$on on E'ect$ons )ay s$t enbanc or $n t,o d$#$s$ons" and sha'' ro)u'%ate $tsru'es o* rocedure $n order to e>ed$te d$sos$t$on o*e'ect$on cases" $nc'ud$n% re7roc'a)at$oncontro#ers$es. A'' such e'ect$on cases sh

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