Judaism

The Early Hebrews

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The Hebrews

Between 2000BCE and 1500BCE – a new group appears in Southwest Asia

–Called Hebrews

–Simple Herders and Desert Nomads

They develop a culture that eventually influences many cultures and nations today!

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Hebrew Information

Most information comes from Hebrew writings

–Hebrew Bible = Tanakh

Torah, Nebi’im, and Katuvim

Laws, Prophets, and Writings of Judaism

– Judaism = The religion of the Hebrews

–Tanakh is essentially the Old Testament of the Christian Bible

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The Beginnings Hebrews trace

themselves to Abraham

–Abraham grew up in Ur

God told Abraham to move

–Abraham moved to the land of Canaan

Modern Day Israel and Palestine

–Abraham began probably the world’s first monotheistic religion

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Personal photo of Mr. Tatroe

History Textbook

Egypt

Hebrews lived in Canaan for many years

Some Hebrews eventually moved to Egypt

–Possible famine in Canaan

Hebrews thrived in Egypt

–Too much for the Pharaoh’s liking

Pharaoh became worried the Hebrews would become too powerful

–Makes the Hebrews slaves

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Moses

Around 1200sBCE – Moses appears

–God tells Moses to lead the Hebrews out of Egypt

Pharaoh refuses to let the Hebrews go

–Possibly Ramses the Great

The 10 Plagues befall Egypt

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The Exodus

Plagues frighten the Pharaoh

–Allows the Hebrews to leave

Moses leads the Exodus of the Hebrews

–This proved existence of God to Hebrews

Story of the Exodus is significant to Hebrews

–And other people as well

Provided hope for enslaved people

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Ten Commandments

Hebrews wander in desert for approximately 40 years

During wanderings, they come to Mt. Sinai

At Mt. Sinai, God gives Moses the 10 Commandments

10 Commandments shape how Jewish people live their lives today!

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Return to Canaan

After reaching land of Canaan, Hebrews must fight for their land

–They conquer and recover their land

–Now, they are called Israelites

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/images/3516-bible-map-l.jpg

Important Early Israelites

Some important ancient Israelites:

–Saul – the first Israelite king

–David – One of the greatest kings of Israel

Killed Goliath in a battle with a slingshot

David set the capital city at Jerusalem and expanded Israel’s land

–Solomon – Expanded Israelite trade, making the country extremely wealthy

Built a magnificent temple for the Hebrews

–Temple became center of Jewish life

Important Early Israelites http://oneyearbibleimages.com/saul_.jpg

Saul

http://www.readersdigest.com.au/files/aus-en/attachments/pictures/GB_king_solomon.gif

Solomon

http://ignoranceabroad.billpetro.com/wp-content/uploads/michelangelo_david_head.jpg

David

Solomon’s Temple

http://www.templemount.org/templesolomon.jpg

Invaders Conquer

930BCE – Solomon dies

– Israelites fight amongst themselves for power

Two kingdoms form

– Judah (South) and Israel (North)

722BCE – Assyrians conquer both kingdoms

–People are scattered History Textbook

Assyrian Empire

http://www.knowledgequestmaps.com/images/Assyrian%20Empire.ldsc.jpg

Scattering of the Jews Babylonians invade and conquer in

586BCE

–Capture Jerusalem and destroy the Temple

–Transport the Jews to Babylon

Babylonian Captivity – lasts about 50 years

http://users.netconnect.com.au/~leedas/images/templedestroyed.jpg

Babylonian Empire

http://socialstudiesrms6second.pbworks.com/f/Babylonian+Empire.gif

Scattering of the Jews 530sBCE – Persians

conquer Babylonians

–Allow Jews back to their homeland

–The Jews that returned rebuilt their Temple – Second Temple

–Remained under Persian control until 330BCE

Alexander the Great conquers

http://www.templesanjose.org/JudaismInfo/faq/templewall/temple.jpg

Persian Empire

http://www.alef.net/ALEFMaps/Ancient-NearEast/PersianEmpire-550-330BC.Gif

Macedonian Empire

http://www.missionseal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/macedonia.jpg

Independence and Conquest

160sBCE – Maccabees family revolts

– Israelites rule themselves for ~100 years

63BCE – Romans conquer

–Romans were intolerant of Jewish beliefs

– Life was difficult for the Jews

Eventually people rebelled against the Romans

–Not very successful

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Roman Empire

http://www.douglashamp.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/Map_Roman-Empire4.jpg

Women in Hebrew Society As with most ancient societies,

Hebrew society was ruled by men

Women had few rights

– Had to obey husbands and fathers

– Husbands were chosen by fathers, not women

– Women could not inherit property

Two important Hebrew women were Queen Esther and Judge Deborah

– Great military and political leaders

– Saved Hebrew people from invaders

http://www.bible-topten.com/images/Andrea_del_Castagno_1423-1457_QE_1450.jpg

http://freechristimages.org/images_Judges/Deborah-of-the-bible-Charles-Landelle-1901.jpg