JTS SAFGEN UV-OX Chlorine Dioxide Generator Manual

JTS SAFGEN UV-OX Chlorine Dioxide

Generator Manual Installation, Operation, Maintenance and Testing Guide

Models: ClO2-2005-10-110 / ClO2-2005-10-240

Patent Pending and

© JTS Enterprises, Inc. 2005

Copies of this manual may be obtained by contacting:

JTS Enterprises, Inc.

4600 Post Oak Place, Suite 153

Houston, TX 77027

713/621-6740

Page 1 of 69 This Page Issued: Nov. 5, 2005

Chlorine Dioxide Generator Manual

JTS SAFGEN UV-OX Chlorine Dioxide

Generator Manual Installation, Operation, Maintenance and Testing Guide

Models: ClO2-2005-10-110 / ClO2-2005-10-240

Patent Pending and

© JTS Enterprises, Inc. 2005

Patent Protection The process and apparatus described in this operating manual is protected by US and foreign patent

applications. The owners of the disclosed technology will use all means, including injunctions and the

levying of damages, to prevent any unauthorized use of the disclosed technology



Table of Contents Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................5 Shipping and Packing Issues ...........................................................................................................................7 Items Needed to Complete the Installation......................................................................................................8 Site Specifications ...........................................................................................................................................9

Installation Location................................................................................................................................ 9 Drain Requirements................................................................................................................................. 9 Temperature Considerations.................................................................................................................... 9 Feed-Water .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Power Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 9

System Specification .....................................................................................................................................10 Outside Dimensions .............................................................................................................................. 10 Weight ................................................................................................................................................... 10 Fuse ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Voltage .................................................................................................................................................. 10 Power..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Timer ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 Sodium chlorite ..................................................................................................................................... 10

Installation Instructions .................................................................................................................................11 Manual Operation (Model 2005-10-110) ......................................................................................................13 Manual Operation (Model 2005-10-240) ......................................................................................................14 Operation Guidelines.....................................................................................................................................16 Checking of the Generator.............................................................................................................................19 Setting Approximate Feed Rates ...................................................................................................................20 Setting and Calculating Feed Rates ...............................................................................................................21 110VAC / 60Hz Timer Programming (Model 2005-10-110)........................................................................22

Setting The Clock.................................................................................................................................. 22 Setting Programs ................................................................................................................................... 22 Reviewing Your Event Programming ................................................................................................... 22 Setting The Mode .................................................................................................................................. 23 Battery Replacement ............................................................................................................................. 23

240VAC / 50Hz Timer Programming (Model 2005-10-240)........................................................................24 Resetting the timer ................................................................................................................................ 24 Setting the current time and day of week .............................................................................................. 24 Programming the Timer ........................................................................................................................ 24 Setting AM/PM time display................................................................................................................. 25

Reaction Cartridge Maintenance ...................................................................................................................26



Ultraviolet (UV) Light Maintenance .............................................................................................................28 Quarts Tube and O-ring Maintenance ...........................................................................................................29 Filter Maintenance.........................................................................................................................................31 Pump Maintenance ........................................................................................................................................31 Evaluating Biological Demand......................................................................................................................32

Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 32 Test Chemicals ...................................................................................................................................... 32 Equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Safety..................................................................................................................................................... 32 Procedure............................................................................................................................................... 32

Appendix - A Determining Generator Efficiency..........................................................................................34 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 35 Safety..................................................................................................................................................... 35 Measurement I (Generator Output – Volumetric Flow Rate)................................................................ 35 Measurement II (25% Chlorite – Mass Flow Rate)............................................................................... 35 Measurement III (Chlorine Dioxide)..................................................................................................... 36 Generator Yield Calculations ................................................................................................................ 37

Appendix – B – SODIUM CHLORITE .......................................................................................................39 Appendix – D – PHENYLARSINE OXIDE SOLUTION ...........................................................................47 Appendix – E – PHOSPHATE BUFFER.....................................................................................................53 Appendix – F – POTASSIUM IODIDE.......................................................................................................59 Appendix – G – MURIATIC ACID .............................................................................................................65



Introduction Chlorine dioxide is an effective alternative to chlorine and other biocides used to disinfect water. It is a

more selective oxidizer than chlorine and is effective at low concentrations. Chlorine dioxide is a wide

spectrum biocide, which eliminates biofilm and spores over a wide pH range. It is believed that chlorine

dioxide penetrates the bacterial cell wall and reacts with amino acids to kill the organisms. Water treated

with chlorine dioxide exhibits lower residual disinfectants and disinfection by-products (DBPs) than water

treated with chlorine. Chlorine dioxide is superior method to control Legionella in cooling towers.

Because concentrated chlorine dioxide gas may decompose, it cannot be transported; therefore, it must be

produced at the point of use. Large-scale municipal water treatment plants use highly complex and

expensive acid based reactors to produce chlorine dioxide. Onsite treatment of process water, such as

cooling tower water, requires a smaller, safer, and less expensive solution. Several small-scale reactors

have been attempted but they are complex and costly. The JTS SAFGEN UV-OX generator is safe and

easy to operate. The generator can be safely operated and maintained by the cooling water service personal

or the building engineer.

Unlike other reaction schemes, the JTS SAFGEN UV-OX generator safely produces a dilute aqueous

chlorine dioxide solution. The JTS SAFGEN UV-OX process uses ultraviolet energy in a continuous

process that does not produce dangerous chlorine dioxide concentrations. The generator’s output can be

fed directly to the process water. The JTS SAFGEN UV-OX reactor generates chlorine dioxide from

sodium chlorite using ultraviolet light.

The installation is straightforward: A) Locate the generator near its point of use and supply potable water

to drive a dosing pump and deliver the product. B) Supply a standard power outlet to power the unit and

route the output tubing. Place a drum of sodium chlorite in the generator’s enclosure and insert the intake

tube. C) Finally, set the feed-water flow rate and program the timer to complete the installation.

Maintenance is minimal. The generator should be checked periodically to determine if sodium chlorite

needs to be added and that the feed-water flow rate is correct. Depending on water hardness, after several

weeks scale may buildup inside the generator; therefore, the generator should be periodically acidized to

remove build up.

The generator produces a dilute aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide. The output is a clear green liquid,

with an odor that is similar to highly chlorinated water. The results in the cooling tower will be noticeable.

Depending on the condition of the cooling tower, a die-off may occur after starting treatment that will be

evident by a foam or froth in the cooling tower basin. Replacing the existing biocides with chlorine dioxide

will produce great results in a more environmentally friendly way.



This manual describes two models of the JTS SAFGEN UV-OX generator. Model number 2005-10-110

is designed to accept 110VAC / 60 Hz power. It can be identified by the 110VAC / 60 Hz label located

above the black timer. Model number 2005-10-240 is designed to accept 240VAC / 50 Hz power and can

be identified by the 240VAC / 50 Hz label located above the white timer.

The 240VAC Model 2005-10-240 can be tested using 220VAC / 60 Hz, however the timer will not keep

accurate time.



Shipping and Packing Issues The generator is shipped fully assembled and covered by plastic. Before installation, remove the plastic

covering and detach it from the shipping pallet. The generator was attached to a plywood base for

shipping. It should be removed from the pallet before installation by removing the 4 nuts on the floor of

the generator.

The enclosure doors have been secured using a bolt and nut. The bolt can continue to be used to secure the

door or be replaced with a small pad lock.

Please inspect the generator for shipping damage. Contact the dealer if there was any damage during

shipping. If the generator needs to be returned or reshipped, make sure it does not contain any water or

sodium chlorite.



Items Needed to Complete the Installation • Small drum of sodium chlorite.

• Extension cord to power the generator.

• Hose or pipe to supply the generator feed-water.

• Plastic tie-wraps to secure the tubing.



Site Specifications Installation Location

The generator should be located in a well-ventilated area near the point of use. Ideally, the generator

should be placed next to the cooling tower sump. It should also be located near an electrical outlet and near

a potable water source. Periodically, the sodium chlorite drum will need to be replaced, so a dolly or drum

cart should be able to access the generator.

Drain Requirements

The generator should be located near a floor drain and on a concrete surface.

Temperature Considerations

The generator is built in a weather resistant enclosure and is constructed using corrosion resistant materials.

However, freezing temperatures can freeze liquid inside the generator and cause internal damage. Before

the generator is exposed to freezing temperatures, it must be drained as described later in this guide. An

electric heater can be added to the enclosure to protect the generator from freezing.

Feed-Water

The feed-water should be potable water. It should have a steady pressure around 4.5 bar (65psi). It can be

connected to the generator using 15-20DN (1/2”-3/4”) rigid pipe or hose. The feed-water connection is

terminated with a male 3/4” NPT coupled to a 3/4” U.S. hose connector. Depending on the location, an

adapter may be required.

Power Requirements

The chlorine dioxide generator uses either 110VAC/60Hz or 240VAC/50Hz depending on the model

supplied. Use an extension cord to supply power to the generator from a standard wall outlet through the

large hole in the rear bottom-right corner of the enclosure to the pigtail plug extending from the timer.

Model number 2005-10-110 is designed to accept 110VAC / 60 Hz power. It can be identified by the

110VAC / 60 Hz label located above the black timer. Model number 2005-10-240 is designed to accept

240VAC / 50 Hz power and can be identified by the 240VAC / 50 Hz label located above the white timer.



System Specification Outside Dimensions

(WxDxH): 76 x 64 x 182 cm (30 x 25 x 72 in)

Weight

The generator weighs approximately 55kg (120 lb) without the drum of sodium chlorite. The total weight

of the generator will depend on the size of the drum used. Note that sodium chlorite weighs approximately

1.21 kg/l (10.1 lb/gal).

Fuse

The generator is fuse-protected with Fast-Acting 1 1/4in x 1/4in Glass Fuses rated at 7.0A and 250V.

Voltage

Depending on the model delivered, the system may be powered by either 110VAC/60Hz or 240VAC/50Hz.

Power

When powered by 110VAC the generator will draw 4.7A and consume approximately 520 W of power.

Timer

The generator is controlled with a seven-day digital timer. A battery is installed in the timer to retain the

programming in the event of a power failure. The timer can manually operate the generator with it’s

“On”/”Off” switch. It should be programmed to start and stop the generator to coincide with the cooling

tower’s operation time. It can be set to run individual days of the week, all weekdays or every day of the

week. See the timer programming sections for more details.

Sodium chlorite

The generator is designed for sodium chlorite, which contains 25% active sodium chlorite and meets the

following specifications:

Sodium Chlorite, % by Weight as NaClO2..................................................................................24.25 – 25.75

Sodium Chlorate, % by weight as NaClO3..........................................................................................0.7 max.

Sodium Chloride, % by weight as NaCl..............................................................................................3.0 max.

Total Alkalinity, % by weight as NaOH @pH4 ..................................................................................0.5 max.

Hydrogen Peroxide, % by weight as H2O2 ........................................................................................0.01 max.

Water (by difference), % by weight as H2O ........................................................................................... 70 -75



Installation Instructions

1. Locate and install the generator as described in the ‘Site Specifications’ section previously listed in this

guide.

2. Install the generator’s output tubing.

The generator is supplied with several

meters of tubing that should be used to

deliver the reactor outlet to the cooling

tower. The tubing is

1/2in OD x 3/8in ID vinyl. The

generator enclosure has a small hole

located in the rear bottom-left corner,

which should be used to route the

product delivery tubing out of the

enclosure. The product delivery tubing

should be terminated in the cooling

tower sump at least 50cm (20in) below

the surface of the water. Use plastic tie-

wraps to secure the tubing in place. A

short piece of PVC pipe secured to the

sump wall can be used to guide the

product delivery tubing to the required

depth.

3. Connect potable water to the generator

through the large hole located in the rear

bottom-right corner of the generator.

The feed-water connection is located

inside the generator enclosure and is

terminated with a male 3/4”NPT

coupled to a 3/4” U.S. hose connector. Depending on the location, a different size adapter may be

required. A hose may be used to connect the generator to the feed-water supply or it may be rigidly

piped using 15-20DN (1/2”-3/4”) pipe.

Outlet

Solenoid Valve

Filter

Inlet

Ballast

Power Strip & UV Toggle Switch

Timer

Pump

Rotam

eter

NaClO2

Drum

Ballast

R

X

C

A

R

T

R

I

D

G

E

WARNING: Operating the generator without adequate amounts of potable water will cause the

generator to overheat and may cause permanent damage. ENSURE THAT THE POTABLE WATER

SUPPLY CANNOT BE ACCIDENTALLY SHUT OFF. It is advisable to remove the valve handle at

the source because the generator contains a shutoff valve.



4. Place a drum (~ 60 liter or 15 gal) of sodium chlorite in the generator enclosure. Insert the mixing

pump’s chemical intake tubing into the sodium chlorite solution.

5. Install an extension cord from a standard wall outlet and connect it to the timer. Refer to the ‘Timer

Programming’ section of this guide to program the timer.



Manual Operation (Model 2005-10-110) 1. Ensure that the generator feed-water is turned on. Also, verify that the generator’s output tubing is not

pinched or obstructed in any manner.

2. Ensure that the mixing pump’s chemical intake tube is submerged in the drum of sodium chlorite

solution and that adequate solution is available.

3. Ensure that the UV toggle on the power strip is switched off. In this mode, the UV source is turned off

and the timer will control the flow through the system and allow the reactor cartridge to fill.

4. Set the timer’s mode to “Off” by pressing the Mode button.

WARNING: The timer’s mode can be set to “Off”, “Auto”,

“On” or “Random” (“Rnd”). It is important that the timer not be

set to “Auto” or “Rnd” when manually operating the generator.

If “Auto” or “Rnd” is selected while manually operating the

generator, it may automatically or randomly turn on or off.

5. Turn on the generator by pressing the timer’s “Mode” button until the “On” is displayed. Check the

rotameter to determine the feed-water flow rate. If water does not flow, press the timer’s “On”/”Off”

button to turn off the generator and return to step 1. WARNING: Operating the generator without

adequate amounts of potable water will cause the generator to overheat and may cause permanent

damage. ENSURE THAT THE POTABLE WATER SUPPLY CANNOT BE ACCIDENTALLY

SHUT OFF. It is advisable to remove the valve handle at the source. NOTE: For proper operation,

the proportional dispensing pump should be free of air. Use the air-relief valve on the cap of the

proportional dispensing pump to release trapped air. After initial operation of the proportional

dispensing pump, apply pressure to the cap for several seconds to open the air-relief valve that allows

trapped air to escape. This air release is accompanied by a slight loss of water. Release the pressure

on the cap to close the valve.

6. Adjust the rotameter to the desired flow rate. See the “Operating” section to determine the feed water

flow rate and pump setting

7. Allow water to flow through the generator and observe the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing.

Initially, the intake tubing will be filled with air. Sodium chlorite solution should be slowly drawn into

the pump. After approximately thirty minutes, the tubing should be full of solution. The tubing can be

adjusted during this initial priming stage to allow air bubbles to rise into the pump.

8. Turn on the UV toggle switch once the reaction cartridge is full. This will start the production of

chlorine dioxide. If the mixing pump has been fully primed, chlorine dioxide will change the color of

the generator’s output from clear to a translucent green color.

9. Turn off the generator by pressing the timer’s “Mode” button and ensure that water is not flowing

through the system.



Manual Operation (Model 2005-10-240)

1. Ensure that the generator feed-water is turned on and that the

feed-water ball valve is open. Also, verify that the generator’s

output tubing is not pinched or obstructed in any manner.

2. Ensure that the mixing pump’s chemical intake tube is

submerged in the drum of sodium chlorite solution and that

adequate solution is available.

3. Ensure that the UV toggle is switched off. In this mode, the

timer will control the flow through the system and allow the

reactor cartridge to fill with the UV source turned off.

4. Set the timer’s mode to “Off”, , by pressing the Manual button .

WARNING: The timer’s mode can be set to “Off” , “On” , “Permanently Off” ,

“Permanently On” , or “Auto” . It is important that the timer not be set to “Auto” when

manually operating the generator. If “Auto” is selected while manually operating the generator, it

may automatically turn on or off.

5. Turn on the generator by pressing the timer’s Manual button . When the generator is turned to

“On” or “Permanently On”, water should begin flowing into the system. Check the rotameter to

determine the feed-water flow rate. If water does not flow, press the timer’s “Manual” button to

turn off the generator and return to step 1. WARNING: Operating the generator without adequate

amounts of potable water will cause the generator to overheat and reduce the generator’s efficiency.

ENSURE THAT THE POTABLE WATER CANNOT BE ACCIDENTALLY SHUT OFF. It is

advisable to remove the valve handle at the source because the generator contains a shutoff valve.

NOTE: For proper operation, the proportional dispensing pump should be free of air. Use the air-

relief valve on the cap of the proportional dispensing pump to release trapped air. After initial

operation of the proportional dispensing pump, apply pressure to the cap for several seconds to open

the air-relief valve that allows trapped air to escape. This air release is accompanied by a slight loss of

water. Release the pressure on the cap to close the valve

6. Adjust the rotameter to the desired flow rate. See the “Operating” section to determine the feed water

flow rate and pump setting.



7. Allow water to flow through the generator and observe the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing.

Initially, the intake tubing will be filled with air. Sodium chlorite solution should be slowly drawn into

the pump. After approximately thirty minutes, the tubing should be full of solution. The tubing can be

adjusted during this initial priming stage to allow air bubbles to flow into the pump.

8. Turn on the UV toggle switch once the reaction cartridge is full. This will start the production of

chlorine dioxide. If the mixing pump has been fully primed, chlorine dioxide will change the color of

the generator’s output from clear to a translucent green color.

9. Turn off the generator by pressing the timer’s Manual button . The “Off” or “Permanently

Off” symbols will display, and water will stop flowing through the system.



Operation Guidelines

The cooling tower’s circulation pumps should be running while operating the generator to expose the entire

system to chlorine dioxide. The generator’s timer should be programmed to turn on and off during normal

hours and days of the cooling system operation. The exact run times will depend on the size of the cooling

system. Discuss the schedule with the sales person.

The proportional pump is set at the factory to supply about 435 ppm of 100% sodium chlorite. Please note

that the amount of sodium chlorite solution will be 1,740 ppm under these conditions. The water flow rate

should be set to 60 gallons per hour (gph), which will supply 1.60 pounds per day (lb/day) of chlorine

dioxide. Under these conditions, the generator will use 20.9 pounds per day (lb/day) of sodium chlorite

solution.

If the application requires less than 1.0 lb/day of chlorine dioxide, the proportional pump should be

adjusted and the feed water flow rate set at 70 gph. The feed rate will be 270 ppm of 100% sodium chlorite

or 1,080 ppm of sodium chlorite solution. The generator will produce 1.2-lb/day of chlorine dioxide at this

setting. Under these conditions, the generator will use 15.1 lb/day of sodium chlorite solution. Refer to the

Setting Approximate Feed Rates section of this guide for information on adjusting the proportional dosing

pump.



It is recommended that the generator be operated at the factory setting at startup and operated for one week

at 24 hours/day. After the one week of operation, please adjust the generator to control the bacteria based

on the following guidelines:

1. First determine the amount of chlorine dioxide required to control the cooling water from the

following chart

Lbs of Chlorine Dioxide/Ton of Refrigeration

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1.600

1.800

2.000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Refrigeration Tons/Day

Lbs/

Day

Chl

orin

e D

ioxi

de

150% of normal demand. Summer

i

50% of normal demand. Winter

i

The center line represents the lb/day of chlorine dioxide required under average conditions. For

example, a 2,500 ton/day refrigeration unit would require about 0.8 lbs/day of chlorine dioxide.

Under summer conditions, the demand could increase to 1.2 lb/day or under winter conditions, the

demand could decrease to 0.4 lb/day.

2. Under summer conditions, assuming a 2,500 ton/day refrigeration unit the generator should be set

to operate at 435 ppm of 100% sodium chlorite feed and 60-gph (default factory settings). To

generate 1.2 lb/day would require that the generator operate 18 hour/day.

dayhr18

day1hr24

lb6.1day

daylb2.1

=⋅⋅

The generator should only be operated when the cooling tower water is circulating. The reactor

should be adjusted to the hours of the cooling tower operation. Daylight operation should be

minimized because sunlight destroys chlorine dioxide.

3. Under winter conditions, assuming a 2,500 ton/day refrigeration unit, the generator should be set

to operate at 270 ppm of 100% sodium chlorite feed and a 70-gph flow rate. To generate 0.4

lb/day would require the generator to operate 8 hour/day day

hr8day1

hr24lb2.1

dayday

lb4.0=⋅⋅



See the “Setting Approximate Feed Rates” section for instruction on setting the sodium chlorite

feed rate.

4. The generator’s operation schedule should be adjusted based on dipslide measurements and the

demand test section of this guide. If the dipslide readings are less than 10^4, the hours of

operation can be lowered. If the dipslide readings are above 10^4, increase the hours of operation



Checking of the Generator The following items should be check daily:

1. The generator output should be checked to ensure that it has a green tint. A clear color indicates that

there is problem with the generator.

2. The three ballast enclosures in the upper left corner of the generator enclosure should be above the

ambient temperature. If one of the ballast enclosures is cooler than the other ballast enclosures, then it

may have failed. If all the ballast are at ambient temperature, then the lights may be switch off.

3. The sodium chlorite level should be checked daily. The generator should not be allowed to run dry of

sodium chlorite solution.

4. Fully open the rotameter to approximately 90 gph for 1 minute and then reset the flow to the proper

flow rate. This ensures that the rotameter is working properly. The rotameter indicates the flow rate

with a float. The top of the float indicates the current flow rate.

5. After the flow rate has been established, it should be checked daily. Significant changes in the flow

rate can drastically affect the generator’s conversion efficiency. A decrease in the flow rate is likely

cause by a drop in the water pressure or a clog in the output tubing. A clog in the output tubing may be

cleared by flexing the vinyl tubing to break up the obstruction. Periodically, the generator will need to

be acid cleaned to remove scale buildup. The acid cleaning will help prevent scale from obstructing

the reaction cartridge and output tubing.

6. Check to see that each light is operating by looking for a glow in the openings in the reaction cartridge.

All six lights should have a fluorescent glow



Setting Approximate Feed Rates

Use the rotameter to set the

approximate feed water flow rate.

To set the sodium chlorite feed rate

at approximately 435 ppm or 275

ppm, set the adjuster to one of the

positions shown in the figure.

Adjusting the pump between these

two setting only requires a half

revolution up or down.

Adjusting the Pump

1. Remove U-latch from the

Proportioning Lock Latch.

2. Turn the Proportioning

Adjuster to the right to

increase the amount of

chemicals.


Adjuster to the left to

decrease the amount of

chemicals.


Adjuster slightly, until the

U-latch holes of the

Proportioning Lock Latch

align with the notches in

the Proportioner.

5. Push the U-latch into the

U-latch holes of the

Proportioning Lock Latch

until it is firmly in place.

DOWN

UP

Adjuster U-Latch

97.6 mm (3.84 in)=> 435 ppm 99.2 mm (3.91 in) => 275 ppm



Setting and Calculating Feed Rates Use the following procedure to measure and calculate the feed water flow rate.

1. Use the needle valve on the rotameter to set the water to the desired rate (typically 60 gph).

2. Record the exact over-fill volume of an approximately 2-liter container.

3. Use a stopwatch to record the time it takes to over-fill the container with the generator’s

output.

4. Calculate the water flow rate.

Water Volumetric Flow Rate =

3600*(liters of water) / (elapsed seconds) = (lph)

Water Mass flow rate =

1000* Water Volumetric Flow Rate = (gm/hr)

Use the following procedure to measure and calculate the sodium chlorite feed rate.

1. Measure and calculate the feed water flow rate.

2. Place at least 500ml of sodium chlorite solution in a 1-liter plastic bottle and place it on a

mass scale. Insert the chlorite pickup-line into the bottle. Use a box to protect the scale from

the wind if the readings are unstable. Ensure that no bubbles are trapped in the chlorite

pickup-line.

3. Using a stopwatch, record the time it takes to consume fifteen grams of sodium chlorite

solution. Alternatively, record the amount of sodium chlorite consumed in exactly 10

minutes.

4. Calculate the sodium chlorite solution flow rate.

Chlorite mass flow rate =

60*.25*(grams of sodium chlorite solution) / (elapsed minutes) = (gm/hr)

Feed Concentration =

1000000 * (chlorite mass flow rate) / (water mass flow rate) = (ppm)



110VAC / 60Hz Timer Programming (Model 2005-10-110)

Setting The Clock

While holding the CLOCK button down:

1. Press the DAY button until the display shows the

current day.

2. Press the HOUR button until the display shows

the current hour.

3. Press the MIN button until the display shows the

current minute.

Release the CLOCK button to finish setting the time.

Setting Programs

Press and release the PROG button. The display will

be similar to Fig. 2. You will now set up the time in

which you want your device turned on for event 1 of 7. The number

1 in the lower left hand corner indicates that you are now

proramming EVENT 1.

Fig 1

Fig 2 1. Press the Day button repeatedly until the display shows the day

in which you want the timer to turn on. The options are:

a. All days of the week (MO TU WE TH FR SA SU)

b. Individual days of the week (MO, etc)

c. Weekdays only (MO TU WE TH FR)

d. Weekends only (SA SU)

2. PRESS the HOUR or MIN buttons to set up the time of day when you want the timer to turn on.

3. Press and release the PROG button once again. The display

reads as shown in Fig. 3. You will now set up the time in which

you want your device turned off for event 1. Repeat steps 2 and

3 above to set the time and day to turn the timer off for event 1.

4. Press and release the PROG button repeatedly to display and/or

program the other 6 events. Repeat the ON and OFF program

procedures outlined above for each event (up to 7 events), as needed.

Fig 3

5. When programmig is complete, press the CLOCK button to return to the current time display.

Reviewing Your Event Programming

1. In the current time display, press the PROG (Program) button repeatedly to check your settings.



2. When finished, press CLOCK to return to the current time display.

Setting The Mode

The Mode acts as an ON or OFF override, or sets the Events to Automatic or Random:

1. To turn the generator on press the MODE button untill ON is displayed on the timer.

2. To turn the generator off press the MODE button untill OFF is displayed on the timer.

3. To use the programed “ON/OFF EVENTS” press the MODE button untill AUTO is displayed on the

timer.

4. The random (RDM) mode should not be use.

Battery Replacement

Replacing the battery will clear the timers clock and event programming. The timer runs on one AA

batery.

1. To remove the battery, unscrew the battery door located on the back of the timer, using a Phillips

screwdriver.

2. Remove the battery and replace with a fresh AA battery.

3. Screw the battery door in place.



240VAC / 50Hz Timer Programming (Model 2005-10-240)

Resetting the timer

To erase all programming information, use a pencil to depress the reset button.

±1 hr Reset

Setting the current time and day of week

1. Keep the key pressed down.

2. Set the hour

3. Set the minutes

4. Set the current day of the week

1=Monday

7=Sunday

5. Release the key

Programming the Timer

1. Reset the Timer

2. Set the current time and day of week

3. Pres “prog” key until a free memory location --:-- is displayed.

4. If needed, use the key to select the switching function on .

5. Set the hours for the start time.

6. Set the minutes for the start time.

7. Set the day for the start time.

1234567=Monday-Sunday

123456 =Monday-Saturday

12345 =Monday-Friday

67=Saturday-Sunday

1 7=Individual Days

8. Use the key to select the switching function off .

9. Set the hours for the stop time.

10. Set the minutes for the stop time.

11. Set the day for the stop time.

12. Terminate and save programming by pressing the key.

13. Set the timer to “Auto” mode by pressing the key until the “Auto” symbol, , is displayed.



Setting AM/PM time display

Depress “±1 h” and “h” key together to toggle between AM/PM and 24 hour modes.

Depress “±1 h” to toggle between standard and daylight saving time.



Reaction Cartridge Maintenance Depending on the hardness of the feed water, scale will build up inside the reaction cartridge. To remove

scale from the cartridge it must be treated with muriatic acid periodically. Use the following procedure to

remove scale buildup from the reaction cartridge.

1. Remove the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing from the sodium chlorite drum and insert it in

a small bucket of water. Turn on the generator to remove reaction chemicals from the generator.

After 20 minutes, turn off the generator and unplug it from the power source. WARNING: Small

amounts of sodium chlorite may drip from the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing when it is

removed from the drum of sodium chlorite. Wear safety goggles and rubber gloves. Any

sodium chlorite that is spilled should be thoroughly flushed with water. If a towel or cloth is used

to absorb a spill, the towel or cloth must be thoroughly rinsed with water. If a towel or cloth is not

rinsed and is allowed to dry, it will become an extreme fire hazard that may spontaneously

combust. Refer to the material safety data sheet in Appendix B for more information about

sodium chlorite solution.

2. Move the outlet of the output tubing from the sump to a 20 liter (5 gal) bucket. Ensure that the

tubing is secured to the bucket and that it will not fall out. This step is required to prevent the

cooling tower from siphoning back into the generator and provides a location to catch cleaning

chemicals used later.

3. Unscrew the output tubing from the bottom of the

reaction cartridge. At this point, the reaction cartridge

will begin to drain. Next, find the tubing that leads from

the bottom of the reaction cartridge to the rotameter.

Disconnect this tubing where it attaches to the rotameter.

Once the cartridge has drained completely, reattach the

output tubing to the bottom of the reaction

cartridge.

unscrew

this nut



1.5m (5ft)

4. Raise the generator output tubing 1.5m (5ft) above ground level. This step is preformed to prevent

the generator from draining.

5. Connect a funnel to the tubing that was disconnected from the rotameter in step 3. Suspend the

funnel above the reaction cartridge. Carefully add approximately 2 liter of 33% by weight

muriatic acid to the reactor cartridge through the funnel. Next, add approximately 3 liters of water

until the reactor cartridge is full. Allow the acid to clean the reaction cartridge for at least 25

minutes.

WARNING: The generator and some of the output tubing now contain a strong solution of

muriatic acid that may severely burn skin and eyes. Do not inhale the fumes or allow it to

contact your skin. Wear safety goggles and acid proof gloves while working with muriatic

acid. Refer to the material safety data sheet for muriatic acid in Appendix G.

6. Return the output tubing to its original location in the cooling tower sump. The output tubing

should be terminated in the cooling tower sump at least 50 cm (20 in) below the surface of the

water. Use plastic tie-wraps to secure the tubing in place. A short piece of PVC pipe secured to

the sump wall can be used to guide the product delivery tubing to the required depth.

7. Disconnect the tubing from the funnel and reconnect it to the rotameter. Reconnect the generator

to its power source and turn it on. Adjust the rotameter to the maximum flow rate. After 10

minutes of flushing the reaction cartridge, turn off the generator. This will flush a small amount of

diluted muriatic acid into the cooling tower water.

8. Return the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing from the small bucket of water to the sodium

chlorite drum. Turn on the generator and verify that sodium chlorite is being drawn into the

pump. It may take half an hour before the sodium chlorite refills the tubing. Finally, turn off the

generator and set the timer’s mode to “Auto” for automatic operation.



Ultraviolet (UV) Light Maintenance The reactor cartridge contains six high-intensity UV lights, which are designed for approximately 8,000

hours of service. Assuming that the generator is operated twelve hours per day and seven days per week,

then the lights will need to be replaced after 2 years of operation. A log of generator run-time should be

maintained to determine when the UV lights should be replaced. Use the following procedure to replace

the UV lights when required.

1. Acquire a light replacement kit from your generator salesperson. It will contain a set of six new

UV lights.

2. Turn off and unplug the generator.

3. Remove the reactor cartridge from the click connectors. Handle the reactor

cartridge with care and do not allow it to be dropped. The reactor cartridge is

still connected to the generator’s power system with six wires. A helper will

be needed hold and tilt the reactor cartridge to allow the light to be fully

removed.

4. Carefully lift a light up and out of the reactor cartridge until the wiring-harness-connector is

accessible.

5. Using a thin blade, separate the light from the wiring-harness connector.

Warning: Do not drop the light into the reactor cartridge.

6. Remove the light from the reaction cartridge.

7. Insert a new light and reconnect the wiring harness connector

8. Repeat steps four through seven until all of the lights have been replaced.

9. Return the reaction cartridge to the generator and restrain it using the click connectors.

10. Ensure that the lights are suspended midway in the reaction cartridge. The lights are at the correct

height when their tops are approximately 140 mm (5.5 in) below the top of the reaction cartridge.

The six wiring harness have been bound together so that the light are suspended at the correct

height. Failing to place the lights in the correct position will adversely affect the reactor’s

operation.

11. Reconnect the generator to its power source and turn it on. Check for leaks and tighten the tube

connections as required.



Quarts Tube and O-ring Maintenance The UV lights are contained in the quarts tubes in the reactor cartridge. If the quarts tubes are damaged by

freezing weather or mishandling of the reaction cartridge, they will need to be replaced. Use the following

procedure to replace the quartz tubes and o-ring seals.

1. Acquire a quarts tube and seal replacement kit from your generator salesperson. It will contain a

set of six new quartz tubes and o-rings.

2. Remove the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing from the sodium chlorite drum and insert it in

a small bucket of water. Turn on the reactor to remove reaction chemicals from the reactor. After

20 minutes, turn off the reactor and unplug it from the power source.

WARNING: Small amounts of sodium chlorite may drip from the mixing pump’s chemical

intake tubing when it is removed from the drum of sodium chlorite. Please wear safety goggles

and rubber gloves. Any sodium chlorite that is spilled should be thoroughly flushed with water.

If a towel or cloth is used to absorb a spill, the towel or cloth must be thoroughly rinsed with

water. If a towel or cloth is not rinsed and is allowed to dry, it will become an extreme fire hazard

that may spontaneously combust.

3. Remove the tubing connected to the top and bottom of the reactor, and allow

the water to drain completely.

4. Remove the reactors from the click connectors. Handle the reactor with care

and do not allow it to be dropped. The reactor cartridge is still connected to

the generator’s power system with six wires.

5. Carefully lift a light up and out of the reactor cartridge until the wiring-harness-connector is

accessible.

6. Using a thin blade, separate the light from the wiring-harness connector.

Warning: Do not drop the light into the reactor cartridge.

7. Remove the light from the reaction cartridge.

8. Have a helper hold the reactor while the five 3/8in bolts and washers are completely unscrewed

and removed from the top of the reactor cartridge’s cap plate.

9. Carefully lift the cap plate 5-8cm (2-3in). If the glass tubes of the reaction cartridge stick to the

cap plate, carefully dislodge them by pulling them down and out of the cap plate. The glass tubes

in the reactor cartridge can be easily broken. Always use up and down motions during this

procedure. Side to side motions tends to break the glass tubes.

10. Separate the cap plate from the reaction cartridge and set it aside for future use.

11. Remove the six quarts tubes and o-rings from the reaction cartridge. Rinse the reaction cartridge

with water. Use caution to avoid damaging the top surface.

12. Place a new o-ring 12 mm (1/2 in) from the top of each of the new quarts tubes. Placement of the

o-ring is important as it keeps the quartz tubes from bottoming out and blocking part of the feed



distribution system. Failure to install the o-rings correctly will adversely affect the reactor’s

operation.

13. Insert the six new quarts tubes in the reactor cartridge. The tubes must be inserted directly into the

cartridge. Each tube should pass through an internal guide located inline the tube openings. If a

tube is inserted slightly askew, it may not pass through the proper guide. This will block some the

other tubes from being inserted or cause all the outside tube to be twisted.

14. Carefully lower the cap plate straight down onto the reactor cartridge.

15. Return the five 3/8in bolts and washers to the top of the reactor cartridge’s cap plate. Carefully

hand-tighten the bolts until the cap plate is just being compressed against the reaction cartridge.

Next, tighten the bolts in a circular pattern until the o-rings separating the cap plate from the

reaction cartridge are thoroughly compressed. Turn each bolt a half turn and then move to the

next bolt. The o-rings should be fully compressed when the cap plate is approximately 2 mm

(0.08 in) from the reaction cartridge.

16. Insert the lights and reconnect the wiring harness connectors. Use new lights if they need to be

replaced.

17. Return the reaction cartridge to the generator and restrain it using the click connectors.

18. Ensure that the lights are suspended midway in the reaction cartridge. The lights are at the correct

height when their tops are approximately 140 mm (5.5 in) below the top of the reaction cartridge.

The six wiring harness have been bound together so that the lights are suspended at the correct

height. Failing to place the lights in the correct position will adversely affect the reactor’s

operation

19. Reattach the tubing to the top and bottom of the reactor cartridge.

20. Reconnect the generator to its power source and turn it on. Check for leaks and tighten the tube

connection as required.

21. Return the mixing pump’s chemical intake tubing from the small bucket of water to the sodium

chlorite drum. Turn on the generator and verify that sodium chlorite is being drawn into the

pump. It may take half an hour before the sodium chlorite refills the tubing. Finally, turn off the

generator and set the timer’s mode to “Auto” for automatic operation.



Filter Maintenance Check and clean the filters every month of operation. The filter is displayed in the

picture to the right.

Pump Maintenance The proportional dispensing pump is driven by a built-in water motor, which operates

the suction piston. The piston draws the chemical into the suction portion of the pump

and releases the chemical into the water stream of the pump. The water motor works in

direct proportion to the flow through the motor so that the larger the flow, the quicker

the motor operates the suction piston consequently giving a very precise dosage of

chemical into the water stream within a wide flow range.

Adjusting the Proportional Pump: Directions to adjust for the volume of the liquid

chemical.

1. Remove U-latch from the Proportioning Lock Latch.

2. Preset the amount of the chemicals according to the percentage to water scale that is found on the

Proportioner.

3. Turn the Proportioning Adjuster clockwise to increase the amount of chemicals.

4. Turn the Proportioning Adjuster counterclockwise to decrease the amount of chemicals.

5. Turn the Proportioning Adjuster slightly, until the U-latch holes of the Proportioning Lock Latch

align with the notches in the Proportioner.

6. Push the U-latch into the U-latch holes of the Proportioning Lock Latch until it is firmly in place.

Problem Check Solution

Intake and outlet valves are open Open valves Unit does not

work Water filter for clogging or build up Clean filter

Chemical drum empty or suction filter clogged Replace drum or clean filter Chemical is not

injected Suction seal is damaged Replace the seal

Check chemical container Replace with a full container

Check suction tube, if blocked Replace suction tube

The unit makes

scratching

noises Check suction filter for clogging Clean filter



Evaluating Biological Demand

Methodology

A simple test may be performed to test how much chlorine dioxide is required to treat the cooling tower

water. The test gives relative results that indicate the trend in biological demand.

Test Chemicals

• Starch (Niagara Professional Finish Original)

• Potassium Iodide reagent (ACS granular)

• Phosphate Buffer Solution (pH 7.0 yellow)

Equipment

• plastic pipette

• glass graduated burette (5 ml)

• glass beaker (250ml)

• glass jar (250-350ml)

Safety

All generator samples and testing chemicals should be handled carefully in a well-ventilated area. Wear

safety goggles at all times. Clean all glassware and rinse several times with water. Collect and read all

material data safety sheets for all chemicals used.

Procedure

1. Use distilled water to wash and dry all lab glassware.

2. Add approximately 30ml (1oz) or 2 tablespoons of phosphate buffer solution to a clean 250ml glass

beaker.

3. Add a few granules of potassium iodide to the beaker and swirl the solution until the granules dissolve.

4. Spray starch into the beaker for approximately 4 seconds. Swirl the solution to dissolve the starch into

the buffer.

5. Use a glass jar to collect a 200 ml sample of water dripping from the bottom of the cooling tower’s fill.

6. Use the burette to transfer 0.5 ml of reactor output to the glass jar. Cap and shake the jar and allow it

to react for 5 minutes.

7. Add the contents of the jar to the contents of the beaker and stir the solution.

8. Hold the beaker against a white background to determine the color.

• If the mixture remains a clear or yellowish color then increase the amount of chlorine dioxide used

in step 6 and repeat steps 1 through 7.



• If the mixture turns dark pink, blue or black then high levels of chlorine dioxide are present.

Decrease the amount of chlorine dioxide used in step 6 and repeat steps 1 through 7.

• If the mixture turns a light pink color, then chlorine dioxide is present in trace amounts. Record

the date and record the milliliters of the reactor output used in step 6.

If the generator’s feed concentration and flow rate have been held constant, the number milliliters of reactor

output needed to change mixture’s color to pink will indicate the tend in biological demand over time.

More specifically, if the generator is operating with the feed water set at 60 gph and the sodium chlorite

solution dosing at 1740 ppm, then the generator should produce approximately 1.60 lb/day or 133 ppm of

chlorine dioxide. To calculate the parts per million of chlorine dioxide required to satisfy the demand,

multiply the generator’s output concentration times the number of milliliters of generator output add to the

sample and divide by the sample size. For instance, if 5 milliliters were required to turn the solution pink,

then the 3.3 ppm would satisfy the demand.

( ) ( )( ) ppm

mlmlppm

watersamleofmloutputgeneratorofmloutputsgeneratorofppm 3.3

2005133'

=⋅

=⋅

Likewise, if the generator is operating with the feed water set at 70 gph and the sodium chlorite solution

dosing at 1080 ppm, then the generator should produce approximately 1.20 lb/day or 85.6 ppm of chlorine

dioxide. Again, if 5 milliliters were required to turn the solution pink, then 2.1 ppm would satisfy the

demand.

ppmml

mlppm 1.2200

56.85=

⋅

Increase output if the demand is above 2.0 ppm and decrease the output if the demand is less than 1.0 ppm.

The output can be changed by adjusting the sodium chlorite feed concentration or the number of operating

hours.



Appendix - A

Determining Generator Efficiency Methodology

The method of testing the generator yield is based on methods developed by JTS Enterprises, Inc. This

method is based on the Standard Method 4500-CL D as elucidated by Don Gates in The Chlorine Dioxide

Handbook. This method is used to determine the concentration and amount of chlorine dioxide produced.

The titration procedure used requires that calculations and equivalent weight conversions be made based on

the chemistry of the method. Equivalent weight for calculating concentrations on the basis of mass is

defined as the number of milligrams per equivalents (mg/eq) and is calculated by dividing the molecular

weight of the species being measured by the number of electrons transferred during the reaction (see

Table 1).

(Normality of the titrant)(Volume of titrant required to reach end-point) =

(Normality of the sample) (Volume of the sample)

The ‘Normality of the Titrant’ is known since it is a standard solution. The ‘Volume of the Sample’ is

measured. Titrant is added from a buret into the container with the measured sample and the chemical

indicator until the amperometric titrator indicates that the end-point, or equivalence-point, has been

reached. Having the initial and final readings of the titrant buret gives the volume of the titrant used or the

‘Volume of Titrant Required to Reach End-Point’. The only unknown in the above equation is the

‘Normality of the Sample’.

Oxi

datio

n

Spec

ies

Form

ula

Mol

ecul

ar w

eigh

t

(gm

/mol

)

Rea

ctio

n

Elec

trons

Tran

sfer

red

Equi

vale

nt w

eigh

t

(mg/

eq)

+5 Chlorate ion ClO3- 83.451 → Cl- 6 13,909

+4 Chlorine dioxide ClO2 67.452 → ClO2-

→ Cl-

1

5

67,452

13,490

+3 Chlorite ion

Chlorous acid

ClO2-

HClO2

67.452

→ Cl-

-

4

-

16,863

-

+1 Hypochlorite ion

Hypochlorous acid

OCl-

HOCl

-

-

-

-

-

-

+0 Chlorine Cl2 70.906 → Cl- 2 35,453

-1 Chloride ion Cl- 35.453 - - -

Table 1 - Oxidation Levels



Test Chemicals

• Distilled water (~4L)

• 500ml of sodium chlorite solution

• PAO titrant (phenylarsine oxide) 0.00564N

• Potassium Iodide reagent (ACS granular)

• Phosphate Buffer Solution (pH 7.0 yellow)

Equipment

• Amperometric titrator

• Magnetic stirrer with a Teflon coated magnetic stir bar

• Mass scale (~3000gram)

• 100ml graduated cylinder

• 5ml graduated-buret with a stopcock with stand and holder

• Stop watch

• 250ml glass beaker

• 1 liter plastic bottle

• Plastic pipettes

• A box to cover the scale and chlorite source jar

Safety

All generator samples and testing chemicals should be handled carefully in a well-ventilated area. Wear

safety goggles at all times. Clean all glassware and rinse several times with distilled water. Collect and

read all material data safety sheets for all chemicals used.

Measurement I (Generator Output – Volumetric Flow Rate)

5. Use the needle valve on the rotameter to set the water to the desired rate (typically 62gph).

6. Record the exact over-fill volume of an approximately 2-liter container.

7. Record the time it takes to fill the container with the generator’s output.

Measurement II (25% Chlorite – Mass Flow Rate)

8. Place at least 500ml of sodium chlorite solution in a 1-liter plastic bottle and place it on a

mass scale. Insert the chlorite pickup-line into the bottle. Use a box to protect the scale from

the wind if the readings are unstable. Ensure that no bubbles are trapped in the chlorite

pickup-line.

9. Using a stopwatch, record the time it takes to consume fifteen grams of sodium chlorite

solution. Alternatively, the amount of sodium chlorite consumed in exactly 10 minutes may

be recorded.



Measurement III (Chlorine Dioxide)

1. Fill a 5ml buret (with stopcock) with the PAO titrant.

2. Add 100ml distilled water to a 250ml beaker with a magnetic stirrer.

3. Collect a sample from the generator output and add 10ml to the beaker. Use a glass pipette to

collect the sample from the generator output. Avoid exposing this sample to sunlight and test

it immediately.

4. Add 2 or 3 pipettes of pH buffer to the beaker.

5. Add Potassium Iodide until the distilled water becomes yellow.

6. Insert the titrator probe into the 250ml beaker.

7. Use the 10ml buret to add titrant in small increments (~0.5ml).

8. Continue to add titrant until the titrator indicates a value.

9. Record the amount of titrant added and the corresponding titrator value.

10. Repeat step 7 and step 9 until the titrator value does not change significantly with the addition

of titrant.



Generator Yield Calculations

Record the data from the measurements on a form similar to Figure 1 and use the equations in Figure 2 to

calculate the results.

25% Aqueous Sodium Chlorite Solution Solution Densitygrams time 1231 g/l

Initial 960.0 g 1:15 pm Solution Flow RateFinal 906.8 g 1:25 pm 0.259 lph

53.2 g 10.00 min Chlorite Flow Rate79.8 gm/hr

Feed W aterseconds gph

3.887 l 57.19 s 64.64 244.70 lph244698 gm/hr

Reading Titrant(mA) (ml)1.66 1.801.30 2.000.96 2.200.57 2.400.03 2.60

Feed Concentration 326 ppm chloriteTitrated PAO 2.65 mlClO2 Concentration 101 ppmClO2 Production Rate 1.30 lb/dayConversion Efficiency 41.4 %

Flow Rateliters

Sample CLO210 ml + 100 ml water, buffered pH = 7

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6

Titrant (ml)

Titra

tor V

alue

(mA)

Figure 1 – Sample Data Sheet



Aqueous Sodium Chlorite Solution

C2 25 % by wt Concentration

C3 1231 g/l Solution Density

C4 90.442 g/mole NaClO2 Molecular Weight

C5 53.2 g Mass Consumed

C6 10 min Elapsed Time

C7 =60*(C5/C3)/C6 0.259 l/hr Solution Volumetric Flow Rate

C8 =60*(C2/100)*C5/C6 79.8 gm/hr Chlorite Mass Flow Rate

Feed Water

C11 1000 gm/l Density

C12 3.8873 L Volume Consumed

C13 57.19 sec Elapsed Time

C14 =60^2*C12/C13 244.7 l/hr Water Volumetric Flow Rate

C15 =C14*C11 244698 gm/hr Water Mass Flow Rate

Titration

PAO Reading

(ml) (mA)

1.80 1.66

2.00 1.3

2.20 0.96

2.40 0.57

2.60 0.03

C27 10 ml Sample Size

C28 =INTERCEPT(C21:C25,D21:D25) 2.65 ml Titrated PAO

C29 0.00564 N Normality of PAO

C30 =1.9*200/C27 38.00 Conversion Factor

Reactor Output

C34 =1E6*C8/C15 326 ppm Sodium Chlorite Feed Concentration

C35 =C30*C28 101 ppm Chlorine Dioxide Output Concentration

C36 =100*1.34*C35/C34 41.4 % ClO2- to ClO2 Conversion Percentage

C37 =C35/1E6*C14*24/0.454 1.30 lb/day Chlorine Dioxide Production Rate Figure 2 – Sample Equation Sheet



Material Safety Data Sheet

Appendix – B –

SODIUM CHLORITE

SECTION I – PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION

SODIUM CHLORITE

SECTION II – HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS OCCUPATIONAL

EXPOSURE LIMITS

CHEMICAL NAME CAS NUMBER WT. PERCENT (TLV-TWA) (TLV-STEL)

SKIN

DESIG-

NATION

VAPOR

PRESS.

mmHg, 20C

KNOWN OR

SUSPECTED

CARCINOGEN

SEC

313

Sodium chlorite 7758-19-2 25 none listed* None Not known No no

* The ACGIH TLV TWA and STEL for chlorine dioxide fumes are 0.1 ppm and 0.3 ppm, respectively.

The ACGIH TLV TWA and STEL for chlorine fumes are 0.5 ppm and 1.0 ppm, respectively.

SECTION III – PHYSICAL DATA

BOILING RANGE: >212 F VAPOR DENSITY: similar to water

ODOR: Slight chlorine odor EVAPORATION RATE similar to water

APPEARANCE: Slightly cloudy pale

yellow liquid

SOLUBILITY IN WATER: complete (miscible)

VAPOR PRESSURE: not known SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.23-1.28 (~10.3-10.7 lbs/gal)

VOLATILE BY WT.: >60 pH: >12

SECTION IV – FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD

FLAMMABILITY CLASSIFICATION: FLASH POINT: >200 F LEL: Not Flammable

UEL: Not Flammable

OSHA – Not Flammable

DOT – Not Flammable

EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: Whatever media is appropriate for the surrounding fire.

UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Material is corrosive. May produce noxious or toxic

gases under fire conditions. If evaporated to dryness, residual solid is an oxidizer and may ignite upon

contact with combustibles.



SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES: Approach fire from upwind direction. Wear self-contained

breathing apparatus and protective clothing. Cool fire exposed containers with water as fog or spray.

SECTION V – HEALTH HAZARD

EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE: May be corrosive or irritating to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes

following contact, ingestion, or inhalation of mist. Prolonged contact may permanently damage eyesight or

scar skin. Symptoms following skin contact may include redness, itching, swelling and possible

destruction of tissue. Inhalation of high concentrations may be severely irritating to mucous membranes

and respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing, bloody nose, and sneezing. Sever overexposure

may cause lung damage. Fumes inhaled following contact of product with acid or chlorine may be chlorine

dioxide (toxic and irritating). Fumes inhaled following contact of product with sodium hypochlorite may

be chlorine gas (toxic and irritating). If ingested in sufficient quantity, may be fatal. The oral rat LD50 for

this material, sodium chlorite, is approximately 350 mg/kg. Symptoms following overexposure via

ingestion may include gastroenteritis and nausea, vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea, bleeding and ulceration.

Acute ingestion of large quantities may also cause anemia.

MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: Disease of the eye, skin, respiratory

system or red blood cells.

PRIMARY ROUTE(S) OF ENTRY: Contact Ingestion Inhalation

EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES: In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with

water for 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash or soak contaminated

clothing before it dries. Get medical attention if burns occur or if irritation develops and persists. Wash

clothing before reuse. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting. If victim is fully conscious, give a cupful of

water. Contact a poison control center. Get medical attention. Never give anything by mouth to an

unconscious person. If inhaled remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing

is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention. If sever exposure to chlorine dioxide fumes has occurred,

monitor patient for 48 to 72 hours to ensure that pulmonary edema does not develop.

SECTION VI – REACTIVITY

STABILITY: This product is stable under normal storage conditions.

HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION: Will not occur.



HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS: Decomposition may produce explosive, irritating, and

toxic chlorine dioxide gas. Chlorine gas may be formed following contact of product with sodium

hypochlorite.

CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Keep container closed when not in use. Avoid contact with other chemicals,

especially, those noted in next entry. Avoid heat or flame.

INCOMPATIBILITY: Avoid contact with acids, reducing agents, combustible materials, oxidizers (such

as hypochlorites), sulfur containing rubber, dirt, soap, solvents, or paint.

SECTION VII – SPILL OR LEAK PROCEDURES

STEPS TO BE TAKEN IN CASE MATERIAL IS RELEASED OR SPILLED: Danger. Corrosive

material. Wear personal protective equipment to prevent contact. Do not allow spilled material to dry. If

local sewer district rules allow, dilute spill with water and discharge to sewer. Do not pick up spilled

material on combustible rags or saw dust. Material may be toxic to fish. If spill escapes to sanitary sewer

or if intentional discharge of aqueous spill residues occur, notify local public works authorities. If spill

escapes to the environment, notify state and federal EPA and, if appropriate, the Coast Guard. The

reportable quantity for unlisted hazardous wastes having the characteristic of corrosivity (or ignitability) is

100 Pounds (40CFR302.4).

WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD: Unused product or spill cleanup residues may be RCRA hazardous by

characteristic of corrosivity (D002) or ignitability (D001). Consult local authorities for appropriate waste

disposal options in your location.

SECTION VIII – SAFE HANDLING AND THE USE INFORMATION

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION: None required under normal handling conditions. If fumes are a

problem, use NIOSH approved respirator for acid gases, chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and particulate (N95 is

adequate).

VENTILATION: General mechanical exhaust ventilation is adequate.

PROTECTIVE GLOVES: Wear industrial rubber gloves. Suitable glove materials would include PVC,

neoprene, nitrile, natural rubber, and butyl rubber.

EYE PROTECTION: Chemical splash goggles and/or full face shield.



OTHER PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: Wear long sleeve clothing and long pants or coveralls. Access to

emergency eyewash fountains and safety shower is recommended. If material is underfoot, as in a spill

cleanup, wear rubber boots. If extensive handling of material is anticipated, wear rubber apron.

HYGIENIC PRACTICES: Minimize skin contact. Wash with soap and water before eating, drinking,

smoking, or using toilet facilities.

SECTION IX – SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN IN HANDLING AND STORAGE: Store product in closed container in

well ventilated area away from acids, reducing agents and other incompatible materials listed in Section VI.

Open container slowly until pressure is relieved. Avoid spillage. If spillage dries on wooden pallets,

cardboard, or other combustible material – a fire hazard will be present. Dilute and clean up small spills

promptly. Protect product from contamination. Empty containers retain product residues and all label

hazards are still present until container is thoroughly cleaned. If local sewer district rules allow, the

recommended disposal for rinse water from empty units is discharge to the sanitary sewer.

OTHER PRECAUTIONS: Do not use contact lenses when handling this industrial chemical as such usage

may complicate first aid activities if eye contact occurs. The user of this material has the responsibility to

dispose of unused material, residues, and containers in compliance with all relevant local, state, and federal

regulations.

SECTION X – OTHER INFORMATION

HMIS RATING: Health: 3 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 1 Personal Protective Equip.: D

NFPA RATING: Health: 3 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 1 Special: None

DOT INFO.:

SHIPPING NAME: Chlorite solution (not exceeding 42% sodium chlorite)

ID NO.: UN1908 HAZARD CLASS: 8,PG II, ERG 154

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS, TO THE BEST OF OUR KNOWLEDGE AND

BELIEF, ACCURATE. HOWEVER, SINCE THE CONDITIONS OF HANDLING AND USE ARE

BEYOND OUR CONTROL, WE MAKE NO GUARANTEE OF RESULTS, AND ASSUME NO

LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES INCURRED BY USE OF THIS MATERIAL. IT IS THE

RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER TO COMPLY WITH ALL APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE AND

LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS




Appendix – C –

CHLORINE DIOXIDE SOLUTION

CHEMICAL NAME: CHLORINE DIOXIDE SOLUTION

CHEMICAL FORMULA: ClO2

CAS NUMBER: 10049-04-4

EG NUMBER 233-162-8

1. PHYSICAL DATA.

Appearance and Odour: yellow to yellow-brown gas, yellow-green colour in aqueous

solution

SG: 1.05 – 1.10

pH: 3.5 – 7

Vapour Pressure: 490mmHg

Flash Point: Not applicable

Solubility limit: aqueous, 25oC, 34.4mmHg – 3g/L

Solution Concentration: 2 g/L – 3g/L

Note: 1. At concentrations of <0.3% chlorine dioxide solutions are considered non-hazardous.

2. REACTIVITY INFORMATION.

• Oxidizer • Conditions to avoid: spilled material can evaporate to dryness. Dried material can ignite

upon contact with combustibles. Exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light can reduce product strength. Avoid contact with heat or direct flames.

• Incompatible materials: Acids, reducing agents, combustible materials, hypochlorite/ chlorine, sulphur containing rubber, solvents and paints.

• Hazardous decomposition products: Will generate chlorine dioxide gas on contact with acids or chlorine.

3. FIRE HAZARD

Flash Point: Not applicable

Flammable Limits: Not applicable

Fire Fighting Techniques: Approach fire from upwind to avoid vapors. Use flooding quantities of

water as spray or fog. Extinguish fire using agent suitable to surrounding fire. Use fire fighting safety

instructions required for the materials other than the chlorine dioxide.



4. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:

Technical Measures:-

• Ensure necessary ventilation in work areas in which chlorine dioxide is being used. Use local exhaust ventilation at any point in which localized vapor could occur. These points could be spray nozzles, high agitation of water, high temperature of water ( typically > 40 deg C ), at point of production of chlorine dioxide solution.

Protective measures:-

• Ensure that gas masks suitable for chlorine / chlorine dioxide vapor are available • Ensure that emergency shower and eye wash basins are available

Safe Handling Advice:-

• Avoid contact with incompatible chemicals outline in Section 2 • Avoid inhalation and contact with skin and eyes • Avoid contact between chlorine dioxide solution and sources of ignition

Storage Conditions:-

• Chlorine dioxide solutions should be stored in cool areas out of direct sunlight. • Chlorine dioxide tanks should have a ventilation cap • Avoid contact with chemicals listed in Section 2

Personal Protection:-

• Limit value : 0.3 mg / m³ = 0.1 ppm

5. FIRST AID

Eyes: Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes while frequently

lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Consult a physician immediately.

Skin: Removed contaminated clothing. Immediately flush exposed skin areas continuously with large

amounts of water for at least 15 minutes. Consult a physician if burning or irritation of the skin

persists. Contaminated clothing must be laundered before reuse.

Ingestion: DO NOT induce vomiting. Drink large amounts of water. Consult a physician immediately.

DO NOT give anything by mouth if person is unconscious or having seizures.

Inhalation: Move patient to fresh air and monitor for respiratory distress. If coughing or difficulty in

breathing develops, administer oxygen and consult a physician immediately. In the event that breathing

stops, administer artificial respiration and obtain emergency medical assistance immediately.



6. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

Routine Use of Product: Wear a NOSHA approved acid, gas or chlorine dioxide specific respirator.

Wear neoprene gloves, boots, apron chemical goggles, and or face shield. Emergency eyewash and

safety showers must be provided in the immediate work area. Thoroughly wash all contaminated

clothing.

For Emergency Spill and Fire Fighting: Wear full protective clothing and positive pressure self-

contained breathing apparatus. This product produces chlorine dioxide gas on contact with acids or

chlorine – it becomes a fire or explosive hazard if allowed to dry.

Spills: Evacuation procedures must be put into place. Evacuate all non-essential personnel. Stop

source of spill as soon as possible. Create a trench or dam to contain all the liquid material. Spill

materials may be absorbed using clay, soil or non-flammable commercial absorbents. If permitted

decontaminate the spill area with large quantities of water. It must be disposed in accordance with

local and state regulations.

7. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Chlorine Dioxide solution in concentrations below 0.3% has not been classified as a hazardous

substance. Chlorine dioxide is quickly broken down to chlorite, chlorate and chloride ions. High

concentrations of chlorine dioxide may occur during manufacture.

Acute toxicity: LD50 ( orally—rat): 39 -113 mg / kg

Chlorine dioxide is a reacting and oxidizing gas which oxidizes hemoglobin in the blood to met

hemoglobin. This leads to a lack of oxygen in the body tissue since the met hemoglobin does not have

the same ability to transport oxygen.

Symptoms of chlorine dioxide gas: initially, chlorine dioxide affects the eyes, skin and airways.

Normal symptoms of over exposure are coughing, pallid skin, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulties

and an irritation to the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. The first symptoms appear immediately.

Acute over exposure can cause bronchitis, pneumonia and pulmonary edema.

Inhalation: causes irritation of the mucous membranes

Skin and Eyes: chlorine dioxide is a skin and eye irritant.



Long Term Toxicity: chronic acute long term exposure may lead to lung damage.

8. ECOTOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Mobility: chlorine dioxide absorbed into water has low volatility

Persistence: chlorine dioxide quickly decomposes into chlorites, chlorates and chlorides.

Bioaccumulation: chlorine dioxide is quickly converted into the products of its decomposition. There is

no evidence to show bioaccumulation in animals.

Ecotoxicty: Chlorine dioxide’s toxicity is shown as the toxicity of chlorite. The Chemical

Manufacturers Association has shown the following ecotoxicity levels:-

• Bluegill sunfish( Lepomis macrochirus): 53.14 mg / l • Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss): 208.76 mg / l • Fatthead minnow ( Pimephales promelas): 63.38 mg / l • Daphnia : 0.039 mg / l • Mallard Duck : 0.66 mg / kg

9. DISPOSAL There is no legislation regarding the disposal of chlorine dioxide solutions provided the local waste

water plant / authority has the capacity to treat the volume needed to be treated / diluted.

The information contained herein is based on the present state of our knowledge. In characterizes the

product with regard to the appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent a guarantee of the

properties of the product.




Appendix – D –

PHENYLARSINE OXIDE SOLUTION

1. Product Identification Synonyms: Phenylarsine oxide solution (APHA) (1 ml = 0.2 mg Cl); Oxophenylarsine solution

CAS No.: 637-03-6

Molecular Weight: 168.03

Chemical Formula: C6H5AsO

Product Codes: Product Codes: H298

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients

Ingredient CAS No Percent Hazardous

----------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------

Phenylarsine Oxide 637-03-6 < 0.1% No

Water 7732-18-5 > 99% No

3. Hazards Identification

Emergency Overview

--------------------------

As part of good industrial and personal hygiene and safety procedure, avoid all unnecessary

exposure to the chemical substance and ensure prompt removal from skin, eyes and clothing.

Potential Health Effects

----------------------------------

Inhalation:

No adverse health effects expected from inhalation.

Ingestion:

Large doses may cause gastro-intestinal upset.

Skin Contact:

No adverse effects expected.

Eye Contact:


Chronic Exposure:

No information found.



Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:


4. First Aid Measures

Inhalation:

Not expected to require first aid measures.

Ingestion:

If large amounts were swallowed, give water to drink and get medical advice.

Skin Contact:

Wash exposed area with soap and water. Get medical advice if irritation develops.

Eye Contact:

In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and

lower eyelids occasionally. Call a physician if irritation persists.

5. Fire Fighting Measures

Fire:

Not considered to be a fire hazard.

Explosion:

Not considered to be an explosion hazard.

Fire Extinguishing Media:

Use any means suitable for extinguishing surrounding fire.

Special Information:

In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus

with full face piece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

6. Accidental Release Measures Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8.

Contain and recover liquid when possible. Collect liquid in an appropriate container or absorb with an inert

material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, earth), and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use

combustible materials, such as saw dust. Do not flush to sewer!

7. Handling and Storage Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage.

Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors,

liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection



Airborne Exposure Limits:

None established.

Ventilation System:

Not expected to require any special ventilation.

Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved):

Not expected to require personal respirator usage.

Skin Protection:

Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing.

Eye Protection:

Safety glasses.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance:

Clear, colorless liquid.

Odor:

Odorless.

Solubility:

Soluble in water.

Specific Gravity:

ca. 1.0

pH:


% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F):


Boiling Point:

ca. 100C (ca. 212F)

Melting Point:

ca. 0C (ca. 32F)

Vapor Density (Air=1):


Vapor Pressure (mm Hg):


Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1):


10. Stability and Reactivity



Stability:

Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:


Hazardous Polymerization:

Will not occur.

Incompatibilities:


Conditions to Avoid:


11. Toxicological Information

No LD50/LC50 information found relating to normal routes of occupational exposure.

--------\Cancer Lists\-----------------------------------------------

---NTP Carcinogen---

Ingredient Known Anticipated IARC Category

----------------------------- ----- ----------- -------------

Phenylarsine Oxide (637-03-6) No No None

Water (7732-18-5) No No None

12. Ecological Information

Environmental Fate:


Environmental Toxicity:


13. Disposal Considerations Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved

waste disposal facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management

options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of

container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.

14. Transport Information Not regulated.

15. Regulatory Information



--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\--------------------------

Ingredient TSCA EC Japan Australia

--------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------

Phenylarsine Oxide (637-03-6) Yes Yes No Yes

Water (7732-18-5) Yes Yes Yes Yes

--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\------------------------

--Canada--

Ingredient Korea DSL NDSL Phil.

------------------------------------- ----- --- ---- -----

Phenylarsine Oxide (637-03-6) Yes Yes No Yes

Water (7732-18-5) Yes Yes No Yes

--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\--------

-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------

Ingredient RQ TPQ List Chemical Catg.

--------------------------------- --- ----- ---- --------------

Phenylarsine Oxide (637-03-6) No No No No

Water (7732-18-5) No No No No

--\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\---------------

-RCRA- -TSCA-

Ingredient CERCLA 261.33 8(d)

----------------------------------------- ------ ------ -----

Phenylarsine Oxide (637-03-6) No No No

Water (7732-18-5) No No No

Chemical Weapons Convention: No TSCA 12(b): No CDTA: No

SARA 311/312: Acute: No Chronic: No Fire: No Pressure: No

Reactivity: No (Mixture / Liquid)

Australian Hazchem Code: None allocated.

Poison Schedule: None allocated.

WHMIS:

This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations

(CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.



16. Other Information NFPA Ratings: Health: 0 Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0

Label Hazard Warning:

As part of good industrial and personal hygiene and safety procedure, avoid all unnecessary exposure to the

chemical substance and ensure prompt removal from skin, eyes and clothing.

Label Precautions:

None.

Label First Aid:

Not applicable.

Product Use:

Laboratory Reagent.




Appendix – E –

PHOSPHATE BUFFER

1. Product Identification Synonyms: None

CAS No.: Not applicable to mixtures.

Molecular Weight: Not applicable to mixtures.

Chemical Formula: Not applicable to mixtures.

Product Codes: 5608



----------------------------- ------------ ------------ ---------

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic 7778-77-0 < 1% No

Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic 7558-79-4 < 1% No

Water 7732-18-5 > 99% No


Emergency Overview

--------------------------

As part of good industrial and personal hygiene and safety procedure, avoid all unnecessary

exposure to the chemical substance and ensure prompt removal from skin, eyes and clothing.

Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES; LAB COAT

Storage Color Code: Orange (General Storage)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------

Inhalation:

No adverse health effects via inhalation.

Ingestion:

Not expected to be a health hazard via ingestion. Large oral doses may cause irritation to the

gastrointestinal tract.



Skin Contact:

Not expected to be a health hazard from skin exposure.

Eye Contact:


Chronic Exposure:




4. First Aid Measures Not expected to require first aid measures.

Inhalation:

Remove to fresh air. Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty.

Ingestion:

If large amounts were swallowed, give water to drink and get medical advice.

Skin Contact:

Wash exposed area with soap and water. Get medical advice if irritation develops.

Eye Contact:

Wash thoroughly with running water. Get medical advice if irritation develops.


Fire:


Explosion:





Use protective clothing and breathing equipment appropriate for the surrounding fire.


Contain and recover liquid when possible. Collect liquid in an appropriate container or absorb with an inert

material (e. g., vermiculite, dry sand, earth), and place in a chemical waste container. Do not use

combustible materials, such as saw dust.



7. Handling and Storage Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against physical damage.

Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (vapors,

liquid); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.



None established.

Ventilation System:

In general, dilution ventilation is a satisfactory health hazard control for this substance. However, if

conditions of use create discomfort to the worker, a local exhaust system should be considered.


Not expected to require personal respirator usage.

Skin Protection:

Wear protective gloves and clean body-covering clothing.

Eye Protection:

Use chemical safety goggles and/or a full face shield where splashing is possible. Maintain eye wash

fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.


Appearance:

Clear, colorless liquid.

Odor:

Odorless.

Solubility:

Complete (100%)

Specific Gravity:


pH:

7


ca. 99

Boiling Point:


Melting Point:





Not applicable.


Not applicable.




Stability:

Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.




Will not occur.

Incompatibilities:



Heat.


No LD50/LC50 information found relating to normal routes of occupational exposure.

--------\Cancer Lists\----------------------------------------------



-------------------------- ----- ----------- -------------

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic No No None

(7778-77-0)

Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic No No None

(7558-79-4)

Water (7732-18-5) No No None


Environmental Fate:






13. Disposal Considerations Dilute with water and flush to sewer if local ordinances allow, otherwise, whatever cannot be saved for

recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved waste disposal facility.

Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and

local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused

contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.


15. Regulatory Information --------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\-----------------------


------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic (7778-77-0) Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic (7558-79-4) Yes Yes Yes Yes

Water (7732-18-5) Yes Yes Yes Yes

--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\-----------------------

--Canada--


------------------------------------- ----- --- ---- -----

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic (7778-77-0) Yes Yes No Yes

Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic (7558-79-4) Yes Yes No Yes

Water (7732-18-5) Yes Yes No Yes

--------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\------

-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------


------------------------------- --- ----- ---- --------------

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic No No No No

(7778-77-0)

Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic No No No No

(7558-79-4)

Water (7732-18-5) No No No No



-------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\-----------

-RCRA- -TSCA-


----------------------------------------- ------ ------ ------

Potassium Phosphate Monobasic No No No

(7778-77-0)

Sodium Phosphate, Dibasic (7558-79-4) 5000 No No

Water (7732-18-5) No No No


SARA 311/312: Acute: No Chronic: No Fire: No Pressure: No

Reactivity: No (Mixture / Liquid)



WHMIS:





As part of good industrial and personal hygiene and safety procedure, avoid all unnecessary exposure to the

chemical substance and ensure prompt removal from skin, eyes and clothing.

Label Precautions:

None.

Label First Aid:

Not applicable.

Product Use:

Laboratory Reagent.




Appendix – F –

POTASSIUM IODIDE

1. Product Identification Synonyms: Potide; hydriodic acid, potassium salt; Iodic acid, potassium salt

CAS No.: 7681-11-0

Molecular Weight: 166.0

Chemical Formula: KI

Product Codes:

J.T. Baker: 3162, 3165, 3167, 3168

Mallinckrodt: 1103, 1112, 1113, 1115, 1117, 1123, 1127, 1200, 1220, 6334, 6336



----------------------------- ---------- --------- ---------

Potassium Iodide 7681-11-0 90 - 100% Yes


Emergency Overview

--------------------------

CAUTION! MAY CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.


----------------------------------

Inhalation:

May cause irritation to the respiratory tract. Symptoms may include coughing and shortness of breath.

Ingestion:

Large oral doses may cause irritation to the gastrointestinal tract.

Skin Contact:

May cause irritation with redness and pain.

Eye Contact:

May cause irritation, redness and pain.

Chronic Exposure:

Chronic ingestion of iodides may produce "iodism," which may be manifested by skin rash, running nose,



headache and irritation of mucous membranes. Weakness, anemia, loss of weight, and general depression

may also occur.



4. First Aid Measures

Inhalation:

Remove to fresh air. Get medical attention for any breathing difficulty.

Ingestion:

Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an

unconscious person.

Skin Contact:

Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing and

shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Get medical attention if irritation

develops.

Eye Contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids

occasionally. Get medical attention if irritation persists.


Fire:


Explosion:





In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus

with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.


Spills: Sweep up and containerize for reclamation or disposal. Vacuuming or wet sweeping may be used to

avoid dust dispersal.



7. Handling and Storage Keep in a tightly closed light-resistant container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. Protect against

physical damage. Isolate from incompatible substances. Prolonged storage is not recommended because of

possible degradation problems, including yellowing of the potassium iodide product. Always inspect the

potassium iodide's color and overall quality before use. Containers of this material may be hazardous when

empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the

product.



None established.

Ventilation System:

A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures as low as possible.

Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at

its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document,

Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.


For conditions of use where exposure to dust or mist is apparent and engineering controls are not feasible, a

particulate respirator (NIOSH type N95 or better filters) may be worn. If oil particles (e.g. lubricants,

cutting fluids, glycerin, etc.) are present, use a NIOSH type R or P filter. For emergencies or instances

where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator.

WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.

Skin Protection:

Gloves and lab coat, apron or coveralls.

Eye Protection:

Use chemical safety goggles. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.


Appearance:

White crystals.

Odor:

Odorless.

Solubility:

140 grams/100 gm in water.

Density:

3.1

pH:



7-9


0

Boiling Point:

1330C (2426F)

Melting Point:

680C (1256F)




1 @ 745C (1373F)




Stability:

Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. On long exposure to air becomes yellow due to release

of iodine.


Oxides of the contained metal and halogen, possibly also free, or ionic halogen.


Will not occur.

Incompatibilities:

Diazonium salts; di-isopropyl peroxydicarbonate; oxidants; bromine and chlorine trifluorides; fluorine

perchlorate; calomel (mercurous chloride); potassium chlorate; metallic salts; tartaric and other acids.


Air, moisture, light and incompatibles.


Investigated as a mutagen, reproductive effector.

--------\Cancer Lists\-----------------------------



----------------------------- ----- ------------ -------------

Potassium Iodide (7681-11-0) No No None




Environmental Fate:




13. Disposal Considerations Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be managed in an appropriate and approved

waste disposal facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management

options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of

container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.


15. Regulatory Information --------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\-------


--------------------------------------- ---- --- ----- ---------

Potassium Iodide (7681-11-0) Yes Yes Yes Yes

--------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\-------

--Canada--


--------------------------------------------- ------ --- ---- ----

Potassium Iodide (7681-11-0) Yes Yes No Yes

-----\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\-----

-SARA 302- ------SARA 313------


----------------------------------- --- ---- ---- --------------

Potassium Iodide (7681-11-0) No No No No

-----\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----

-RCRA- -TSCA-


----------------------------------------- ------ ------ ----

Potassium Iodide (7681-11-0) No No No




SARA 311/312: Acute: Yes Chronic: Yes Fire: No Pressure: No

Reactivity: No (Pure / Solid)



WHMIS:





CAUTION! MAY CAUSE IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES, AND RESPIRATORY TRACT.

Label Precautions:

Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing.

Avoid breathing dust.

Keep container closed.

Use with adequate ventilation.

Wash thoroughly after handling.

Label First Aid:

In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Get medical

attention if irritation develops or persists. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. Get medical attention for any

breathing difficulty.

Product Use:

Laboratory Reagent.

Revision Information:

MSDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document include: 3.




Appendix – G –

MURIATIC ACID

1. PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID MURIATIC ACID

2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Components CAS No. Average hydrogen chloride 7647-01-0 >=31.5 - <=35.2 % water 7732-18-5 >=64.8 - <=68.5 %

3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Form: liquid Colour: colourless to pale yellow Odour: pungent WARNING STATEMENTS DANGER! Harmful if swallowed Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Page 2 / 7 Solutia Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Date: 02/02/2004 Reference Number: 000000000132 Version 4./E Harmful if inhaled Causes severe eye burns Causes severe skin burns Causes severe respiratory tract burns POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS Likely routes of exposure: eye and skin contact inhalation Eye contact: Causes eye burns. Skin contact: Causes skin burns. Inhalation: Causes respiratory tract burns if inhaled. Ingestion: Causes G.I. tract damage if swallowed. Refer to Section 11 for toxicological information.

4. FIRST AID MEASURES If in eyes: Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. If easy to do, remove any contact lenses. Get medical attention. Remove material from skin and clothing. If on skin: Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove clothing and shoes immediately. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Wash clothing and thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. If inhaled: Remove patient to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult give oxygen. Get medical attention. Remove material from eyes, skin and clothing. If swallowed: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water.



Get medical attention. Contact a Poison Control Center. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Notes to physicians: Corrosive to G.I. tract if swallowed. Do not induce vomiting. Gastric lavage, if performed, must be done with extreme caution.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Flash point: Non combustible. Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Page 3 / 7 Solutia Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Date: 02/02/2004 Reference Number: 000000000132 Version 4./E Hazardous products of combustion: None known; Extinguishing media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide Use extinguishing media suitable to the surrounding fire. Unusual fire and explosion hazards: Attacks many metals with liberation of hydrogen which is flammable and forms explosive mixture with air. Keep containers cool by spraying with water if exposed to fire. Fire fighting equipment: Firefighters, and others exposed, wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use.

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES Personal precautions: In case of leak or spill, keep all non-essential personnel away from the area. Keep upwind. Shut off leaks if without risk. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Wear full protective clothing. Use personal protection recommended in section 8. Environmental precautions: Keep out of drains and water courses. Methods for cleaning up: Contain large spills with dikes and transfer the material to appropriate containers for reclamation or disposal. Flush spill area with water. Neutralize spill area with soda ash or lime. Refer to Section 13 for disposal information and Sections 14 and 15 for reportable quantity information.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE Handling Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not taste or swallow. Avoid breathing vapour or mist. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. Emptied containers retain vapour and product residue. Observe all recommended safety precautions until container is cleaned, reconditioned or destroyed. The reuse of this material's container for non industrial purposes is prohibited and any reuse must be in consideration of the data provided in this material safety data sheet.



Storage General: Stable under normal conditions of handling and storage.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION Eye protection: Wear chemical goggles. Have eye wash facilities immediately available at any location where eye contact can occur. Hand protection: Wear chemical resistant gloves. Consult the glove/clothing manufacturer to determine the appropriate type Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Page 4 / 7 Solutia Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Date: 02/02/2004 Reference Number: 000000000132 Version 4./E glove/clothing for a given application. Body protection: Wear suitable protective clothing. Wear full protective clothing if exposed to splashes. Consult the glove/clothing manufacturer to determine the appropriate type glove/clothing for a given application. Wash contaminated skin promptly. Launder contaminated clothing and clean protective equipment before reuse. Have safety shower available at locations where skin contact can occur. Wash thoroughly after handling. Respiratory protection: Avoid breathing vapour or mist. Use approved respiratory protection equipment (full facepiece recommended) when airborne exposure limits are exceeded. If used, full facepiece replaces the need for face shield and/or chemical goggles. Consult the respirator manufacturer to determine the appropriate type of equipment for a given application. Observe respirator use limitations specified by the manufacturer. The respirator use limitations specified by the manufacturer must be observed. Ventilation: Provide natural or mechanical ventilation to control exposure levels below airborne exposure limits. If practical, use local mechanical exhaust ventilation at sources of air contamination such as processing equipment. Airborne exposure limits: (ml/m3 = ppm) hydrogen chloride ACGIH TLV: 2 ml/m3 ; ; ceiling OSHA PEL: 5 ml/m3 ; 7 mg/m3 ; ; 8-hr TWA Mexican OEL: 5 ml/m3 ; 7 mg/m3 ; ; 8-hr TWA Components referred to herein may be regulated by specific Canadian provincial legislation. Please refer to exposure limits legislated for the province in which the substance will be used.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Specific gravity: 1.160 @ 16 C 1.179 @ 16 C Boiling point : 62 C @ 1,013 hPa 83 C @ 1,013 hPa NOTE: These physical data are typical values based on material tested but may vary from sample to sample. Typical values should not be construed as a guaranteed analysis of any specific lot or as specifications for the product.

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Conditions to avoid: None known Materials to avoid - Hazardous reactions: Attacks many metals with liberation of hydrogen which is flammable and forms



explosive mixture with air. Contact with amines. Contact with alkalis. Hazardous polymerization does not occur. Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Page 5 / 7 Solutia Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Date: 02/02/2004 Reference Number: 000000000132 Version 4./E Hazardous decomposition products: None known;

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION This product has been tested for toxicity. Results from Solutia sponsored studies or from the available public literature are described below. Acute animal toxicity data Oral: LD50 , rat, 700 mg/kg , No more than slightly toxic. Dermal: LD50 , rabbit, > 5,010 mg/kg , Practically nontoxic after skin application in animal studies. Inhalation: LC50 , rat, 3,124 mg/l , 1 h, Toxic LC50 , mouse, 1,108 mg/l , 1 h, Eye irritation: rabbit , Corrosive, Skin irritation: rabbit , Corrosive, 24 h Mutagenicity: No genetic effects were observed in standard tests using bacterial cells and whole animals.

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Solutia has not conducted environmental toxicity or biodegradation studies with this material.

13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS US EPA RCRA Status: This material when discarded is a hazardous waste as that term is defined by the Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA),40 CFR 261. See disposal considerations below for U.S. EPA disposal requirements. Consult regulatory officials for performance standards. US EPA RCRA hazardous waste number: D002 Compound/Characteristic: Corrosivity Disposal considerations: Deactivation Recovery Consult 40 CFR 268.48 for concentration based standards. CMBST - High temperature organic destruction technologies Miscellaneous advice: Local, state, provincial, and national disposal regulations may be more or less stringent. Consult your attorney or appropriate regulatory officials for information on such disposal. This product should not be dumped, spilled, rinsed or washed into sewers or public waterways.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Page 6 / 7 Solutia Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Date: 02/02/2004 Reference Number: 000000000132 Version 4./E The data provided in this section is for information only. Please apply the appropriate regulations to properly classify your shipment for transportation. US DOT




Proper shipping name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SOLUTION Hazard Class: 8 Hazard Identification number: UN1789 Packing Group: Packing Group II Transport label: Corrosive Canadian TDG Proper shipping name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID, SOLUTION Hazard Class: 8, 9.2 Hazard Identification number: UN1789 Packing Group: Packing Group II Transport label: Corrosive Reportable Quantity/Limit US DOT RQ 5,000 lb hydrogen chloride Package size containing reportable amount: 14,205 lb ICAO/IATA Class Other: See DOT Information

15. REGULATORY INFORMATION All components are in compliance with the following inventories: U.S. TSCA, Canadian DSL, EU EINECS, Japanese ENCS, Australian AICS, Korean, Phillipine PICCS, Malaysian, Taiwanese, Chinese Canadian WHMIS classification: D2(B) - Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects E - Corrosive Material SARA Hazard Notification: Hazard Categories Under Title III Rules (40 CFR 370): Immediate Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances: hydrogen chloride Section 313 Toxic Chemical(s): hydrogen chloride CERCLA Reportable Quantity: 5000 lbs hydrogen chloride For this/these chemicals, release of more than the Reportable Quantity to the environment in a 24 hour period requires notification to the National Response Center (800-424-8802 or 202-426-2675). This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Canadian Controlled Products Regulation and the MSDS contains all the information required by the Canadian Controlled Products Regulation. Refer to Section 11 for OSHA/HPA Hazardous Chemical(s) and Section 13 for RCRA classification. Product name: HYDROCHLORIC ACID Page 7 / 7 Solutia Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Date: 02/02/2004 Reference Number: 000000000132 Version 4./E Safety data sheet also created in accordance with Brazilian law NBR 14725

16. OTHER INFORMATION Product use: pH-regulating agents Reason for revision: Routine review and update, New software implementation Health Fire Reactivity Additional Information Suggested NFPA Rating 3 0 1 Suggested HMIS Rating: 3 0 1 H

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