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J.R.R. Tolkien

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100 people magazine with the biography of J.R.R. Tolkien in Bulgarian language, provides interesting facts about his life, writing career and influencers

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  • Zamunda.NET|MichiruKaiou

  • flxon Ponan4 Pyen Tonxun Epofr 50

    Jlunreucrbr, xorhro nocBeu{aBa )KuBora cu Ha cb3AaBaHerona $anracrnqHu ucropl,rnOrroaop ua uon6rre Ha nilreparopilreMatrrxa v ctAH,3acrvtHaril or nou KbcMer

    TonxnH orKpilBa enfiqHilTe noeMnCeerbr ua QanraauRralnr na c"b3ilAaHre il HayqHa pa6ora3a6erexrrereH ycnex

    Crpyxrypara Ha MuruqHltn esuK uucropnnCeerur na "BnacrenuHbr Ha npbcreHure"

    Apyru u3TbKHaru nuqHocrt/t, u3nurBauln crpacr KbM qapcrBorona Qanrasuure

    Eeecurrprnara BcereHa Ha )KaHpa Qenrrsn

    Cegl,lnvHo r:garue|13[ATE ICKA KOMllAHI4fl:.[e ArOCTL4Ht1 XEIAC OOA(De AGOSTINI HELLAS SRL)CTPAHA HA tlPOl43XO[: tr'pqnn[43flATEn; ilerpoc KanHrcroctiKOHOMfIqECKLI ETIPEKTOP: Oorrc OorryM EH l/.qxbP HA P EnAKTrl PAH E lzl l-l POlzl3BOICTBO:Bt4pAlt

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  • flx. P, P, TonKuHKarbB e HeroBr,rflT )KIaBor?

    cpEAATA Ha XIX B. rrpr4KA3Kr4TE, HanilcaHr or qacrHl4 yL4nrennm ryBepHaHTKr4, 3a rqa ga6aennBar Aeqara, ce npeBpbqar

    BbB QaHracrnqHa nnreparypa. EgHa cne,q Apyra, il3BecrHt4rsop6m, Karo "flrzrrup flaH" nnvt "llpilKnpqeHVflTa Ha Anrca BcrpaHara Ha qy4ecara'| craear no6urrtu Ha L{ilTarenilTe B qflncBflI, BbnpeKr qe nbpBoHaqanHo ca nperqHa3HaqeHn 3a Aeqa.E4raH nvHrltAcr o6aqe qe pa3pyuvl rpaHilqilre Ha Qanracrnqln+xaHp cbc cBoero HeBeponrHo npoil3Be,qeHne. lzlnnero uy e ,[x.P. P. TonKAH. Heroemnr poMaH "BnacrernHbr Ha npbcreHt4Te" enilcaH B nporqbrxeHile Ha qenil ABaHarqecer ro,qnnn, tailt KaronbpBoHaqaflHyrflT My 3aMilcbn e ,qa npeMilHe oTBblq rpaHilqilTeHa QaHracrilqHoro n Ea 3aeMe Mflcroro Ha nereH4d, KoRTo qeoKaxe BnocneAcTBile orpoMHo BntAflHne Bbpxy qenilfl cBflT.Kofi e ro3yr yAtABtATefleH nnHrBmc1 nocBeqaBaq cBofl xytBor HanilcaHero Ha npilKa3Hil tAcroptAtA 3a eAnH QaHracrnqeH cBflI,B rorZro qmrarenilTe norbBar rqo sa6paea, 3E [a ilg6nrar orexerqHeBHnTe fpv*

  • 1744 [ OrxprasaHe Ha nbpBara B cBera KHilxapHnqa 3a AercKr4 tA3AaHnF.1885 [ Fly6nraxyBaHo e npoil3Be4eHnero"Aflrca B crpaHara na vy4ecara"Ha flyuc Kapon.1892 [ Ha 3 nHyapr,r a Enym$onreftn (lOxna Adpyrra) ce paxAa [x. P. P. Tonxrn.

    Yurpa 6aqara xa Tonrun, Aprup.

    Pax4a ce K. C.Ilyurc.

    Tonrrn 3anor{Ba 4a pa6orr Bbpxy cBoR nbpBr4 pa3Ka3.

    Tonrrn nocrbnBa B yqilnrqero"Kpan Egyapg'i

    1904 fl Vrvrurpa maftxara Ha TonxuH, Merl6u.flrpea nocraHoBKa Ha nrecara "lfurbp flau" c aerop !x. M. 6apn.

    1908 [ Tonrran ce cpeqa 3a nbpBr ntr c Egur Mepra 6par.1911 [ Tonxran il HeroBrre nprflreflu ocHoeaearT.C.B.S. (Tea Club and Barrovian Society).

    Tonrnn nocrbnBa a Orc$opgcrnn yHuBepcilrer.lzls6yxaa ilrpeara cBeroBHa eoftxa.

    1915 [ Tonxrax nprBbpuBa cb3AaBaHero Ha cBofl Lr3Mr4creH e3rK - KyeHF.Tonxux noeMa nocra cil Ha BTopr/ nefireHaHr Ha nexorHara pora,,IanxaurpcKr/Te crpenqu'i

    Tonxnn cKnoqBa 6par c Egurr 6par.TonxuH yqacrBa e 6ilrxara npr Coma.3anoqea Aa nrue nbpBara Bepcun na c6opuuxa c MvrroBe noA 3arnaBile "Cunttapvnuon" (The Silmarillion).Kpara Ha llrpsara cBeroBHa eofrHa.Tonxrn ce 3aBpbu{a a OxcQop4.

    1919 I Tonrran ce npilcbegilHflBa KbM eKrna no cbcraBflHe na Orc$opgcKr4fl peqHuK xa asrnuftcrnAezlAK.1924 [ Tonruu craBa npenolaBaren no anrnrfrcrtA e3nK u nilreparypa B yHuBepcltrera s flurl4c.1925 [ Tonxran 3aBbpurBa oKoHqareflHara Bepcilfl Ha enuqHara noeMa "Crrp layefrn r 3enenus praqap'i

    (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight).Crasa npo$ecop e Oxc$opAcKt4fl yHilBepcilrer.Tonxnn ce 3ano3HaBa c K. C. Ilync.

    [ly6nuxysan e "Xo6ur" (The Hobbit).1950 fi lly6nnryBaHo e npoil3Be4eHilero Ha K. C. flyr,rc "XpoHnKrre Ha Hapxrn" (Chronicles of Narnia).1954 fi l'1y6nraxyBaHil ca nbpBure ABa roMa or rphnorilRra "BnacrerilHbr Ha npbcreHilre" (The Lord of the1 955 $ Ily6nraxyBaH e rperrflr nocne.qeH roM or rpilnorilflra "Bnacrenusbr Ha npbcreHnre" (The Lord of the Rings).1959 fi Tonxun ce orrernfl or npoQecopcKoro ct4 Mncro B OxcSop4.

    Yunpa cbnpyrara na Tonrnu, E4nr.

    1973 [ Ha 2 cenremepr Tonruu yMilpa B MopcKt4F Kypopr Eopnrutr (Anrnus).lly6nuxyaan e "Crnmaprnuon"(The Silmarillion).

    e "Xapu llortp u $ranoco$cxrRr ramrr" (Harry Potter and Philosopher's Stone) na !x. K. Poynrur.2001 E no KuHara vgntA3a eKpaHr3aqrnra Ha nbpBr4fl ToM orrpilnornflTa"BracrenilH'br Ha npbcreHnre"

    (The Lord of the Rings), o3arflaBeH "3a4pyrara Ha npbcreHa" (Fellowship of the Ring).

  • IunrBrrcTbr, rofiro rrocBerrlaBa)Kr4BOTa CV Ha Cb3AABAIJoTOHA rpr4Ka3Hrr rrcTopvvrAx. P. P. Tonrzn relIeJII{ cBeroBHa cJraBa Karo aBTop na 6ecrcenbpa rprlnorvrs."Bracre-JrHHbr Ha rpr,creHure" (The Lord of the Rings). Tofi xueo ce r4HrepecyBa or qy)K.qr4Tee3rlqrl v tIocBeIIIaBa uenl4{ crr }ril4Bor rrara3.;urraBaHero r4M. @anracru.rnvrrT cBflT, xofiroorllzcBa B cBotra 6escrr,rcprnarpkrnorurs. e rr3rpaAeH rro HenoBTopr.rM Haqr4u ur.oitycnrBaAa rroKopz kr 3aBna4ee rrvrrareilvr or rlqn cesr. JlzqHocrra Ha Tonrr,rn e AoHrKt,Ae 4nofi-crBeHa. Or eAna crpana, rofi e yHl4Bepcr4TercKr4 [penoAaBareJr, a or Apyra, JlrrHrBr,rcr.,{a npocne4l{M crbtrKt4Te Ha ro3pl qoBeK, 3a Kororo e3r4rlr.rre v3krrpaBar perxaBarrla ponr.

    OrroBop Ha Mo n6ute Ha rilreparopy{re.{a.ueu or poArrnaraTTPE3 2004 f.. HA 76-T4TA UEPEMOHT4J{ HaI lAuepurancrara $nnuoBa aKaAeMilfl no Bpbr{-BaHero Ha HarpaAure "Ocrap'i Qrzrnrvrrr "BnacrenuHbrHa npbcreHure

    - 3aepur4aHero Ha Kpanff" ce paABa

    Ha 6esnpeqe4eHreH ycnex, cneg Karo e HoMt4Ht4-paH e 11 xareropuu. OceeH roea ta npe4xox.qa-u.lhre ro gea Srnrvra or nopeguqara c-bt4o nonyqaBarHarpaAr "Ocxap'i Tpunoruata ce npeBpbu-la B cBe-roeeu $eHomen n cr6npa 3pnrencKa ayAuropyln orHa4 600 MltnuoHa 3purefln. Onnmtr e eKpaHu3aqunHa poMaHa "BnacrenuHur Ha npbcreHure", ny6nnxy-BaH 3a nbpBt4 nlr npe3 1954 r., rofiro ce npeBpbqae uafr-npo4aeaHara KHura n neqeru rbrnu 3anareHylu eceor4afiHn noqilrarerryt. Teop6ara e caua no ce6ecu QenoueH, no-BHyutureneH Aopyt or cBofl aBrop,xofiro e 4eficreurennocr e no-cKopo t43caeAoBarenH aKaAeMUqHa nUqHOCl OTKOnKOTO nilCaTeL

    llo 6ar.quHa nuHrR cemeficrBoro Ha TonxuH e orrepMaHcKu npou3xoA il HarpynBa 6orarcreo B pe3yl-rar or ycneueH 6ilsHec c npoyl3BoAcrBo Ha Kra-Br4pHr4 l4HcrpyMeHTyl. Tosil 6usHec o6aqe e u3ocra-BeH or noKoneH[ero Ha Apn:p

    - 6aqara Ha TonruH.Tora ce ornpaBfl xtu loxHa A$pnra, uevraerku 4asa6oraree cneA orKpilBaHero Ha 3arexh or 3flaro ylAuaMaHrn e ro:n pafioH. l-lpea 1890 r. nonyqaBa Mrc-Toro Ha ynpaBilTen Ha KroH Ha a$praxaHcxara 6aHxaB rpaAa Snyna$oHrefiH

    - cronuqa Ha Cao6ogHara

    opaHXeBa peny6nura, gHec lOxHoaQprxaHcxapeny6nraxa.

    flpes 1891 r. Aprup Tonxun cKntoqBa 6pax c xeHa,Koaro e c 13 ro4nnn no-MnaAa or Hero, a umero fi eMeft6rn Cu$rarin4. lltpeoHauanHo nefiHuRr 6ar4a enpon4B 6para Ha cBoflTa Abulepfl, Ho BnocneAcrBue

    cKnoHrBa Aa AaAe 6narocnoauRra cr n BeAHara cnegKaro HaBbpluBa 21-ro4ruHa Bb3pac1 Meft6tn gaMn-HaBa 3a lOxHa AQpurxa, Kb4ero xuBee 3ae4Ho cbccBofl cbnpyr B rpaHhqHa repuropiln. Mefi6rn raran He ycnsBa Aa cBuKHe c aQpraxaHcxtrfl KnnMaL HoBpeMero, KoeTo npeKapBa B KOMnaHrFra Ha cBofcbnpy1 vtrpaefixta reHrc unv ron$, e r3Kntor{urelHonphflrHo. Ha 3 nHyapra 1892 r. gomur Ha ce^aeficreoTonrru e 6narocnoeen or npur6aenHero Ha HoB vreH-

    eAHO ManKO pyCO MOM'{eHqe C TbHKl4 npbcTqeTa 4Aocra roreMu yun. Po4rrenilre My ro r.rapnvar,QxonPoHan4 Pyen TonxuH.

    Crpacrra KbM JrrrHrBlrcrr.InaraBroprnr cuH e cetileficreo Tonxux ce pax4a Ha 17

    $eepyapra 1894 r. huero rvry e Xunupu Aprup PyenTonxrH. fleere uouuera r3pacrBal sao6hxonenuor MHoro no6oe, u ce paABar Ha 6earpaHuvHo BHt4-MaH[e or crpaHa Ha eceor4arlnhre cr poAylrenyr.3apa3nuKa or cBofl 6par Xuntpn, flxon qecro 6one-gyea. OveengHo 6eto6u4Ha Ha npbB norneA, HoxpoHyrqHa rpecKa Kapa HeroBilTe poA4Tenn Aa Bt4KaTneKap HflKonKoKparHo. Merl6rn cbulo 3anoqBa AacMFTa, qe KpexKoro 3ApaBe Ha HefiHrR cuH e npuqu-HeHo or roxHoaQpuxaHcKt4ff KnhMar u cneA cbBer-BaHe cbc cBofl cbnpyr ABaMara peuaBal qe ceruefi-crBoro rpn6ea Aa ce 3aBbpHe e AHrn[R. 3a4upxauno cnyxe6nn npur{ilHl4, Aprup He Moxe Aa HanycHelOxra AQpuxa r npe3 anpun 1895 r. Mefi6un u 4ea-MaTa nM cyrHoBe ce np[HyxAaBaT Aa ce 3aBbpHar BAHrnnR 6ee Hero.

    Aprup cno4errff B nncMara cu KonKo cunHo xeraega 6rge orHoBo cbc cBoero ceMerlcreo.

    ^ Ax. P. P. TonKuH B KbcHilre chroAu H x.

  • Ex6rurmera Ha crroMeurrrecAPXOyI

    Koraro,[xoH e Ha 4-roAiluHa Bb3pacl Meyr-6tn Hanupa Mflcro, lG4ero qnnoro fi cemeri-crBo Moxe Aa 3axilBee e uup u cnoroilcrsue,tA BctAqKt ce npeMecrBar raM. Toga e MalKorocenqe Capxoyn, HaMfipaqo ce B oKonHocrilreHa EupmuHrau. Cnorueunre 3a h3ropenilTe ororbHqero oxuoaQpuxaHcKil 3eMn L! 3a Hero-Bufl noKoeH 6ar4a npoguxaBar na xvrBerrB cb3HaHfiero Ha ManKhfl ,QxoH, uo mnorocKopo MflcToTo r4M r4e 3aeMaT HoBuTe npexil-BFBaHilF, cBbp3aur cuc Capxoyn.

    Cerqero e ncrhHcKo HaxoAl,4r4e, il3nbn-HeHO C He3eMHa KpaCOTa, r CKInOqeHHOKbrqe Ha npupoAara. Bceru geu [xoH nXrartpra (nerosr,rnr 6par) KpbcrocBar xbnMo-Bere il Bb3Br4ueHhflTa B oKonHocrra, Caulrnrfixon npexapsa qacoBe Hape4, megarixunpe3 orpanara, aao6uralRqa MerHilqara,Bbprflu1oro ce MenHilqHo xoneno. Epnn 4eu,AoKaro ce Haruupa rparZ BofleHilqara, Man-rnRr flxon ce ocMeflflBa Aa npecKoqil orpa-Aara h ce oKa3Ba B gsopa r,r. Bo4euuvapnlxofiro ro cb3tapa raM, 3anoqBa [a KpeqhHeucroeo. Tbft Karo Apexure Ha MenHilqaprca noKprll4 c 6paLuHo, fonwu ttt ocraHa-IUTe XnaneTa ce rxacfiBaT npv BVna My tA

    vz6nreat c rpnctqr: "6ennnr gneon! Sennnrgneor!'1 Maxap qe ce crpaxyBal MoMqerarail3nurBar oco6euo yfloBoncrBue or npepill-BUKaTeflCTBOTO Aa Ce flpOMbKHar OKOflO Mer-Hhqara, AoKaro "6ennnr gneol" He ce BbprhHaoKono, u Aa cH n,lofr Ha nerilTe BeAHafar4oM 3bpHar npu6nrxaeaHero my.

    B n:nrrnHegoto c naKocn4 h nphKnoqe-Hhfl AercrBo ua flxon npilcbcrBa vl Apyrga6enexurereH repoti

    - "9epunnr gnaon".

    B 4eilcrsurelHocr rotl e MecreH Qepuep,roilro roun xranerara BceKr nbl Koraroru xBaHe, qe 6epar rt6n e npegaapureluoHa6enRgaHo 3a qerra nore. lzlrpure e Cap-xoyn ra 6ypHoro AercrBo noMarar Ha Ton-KnH fla pa3Bue ceoero eto6paxeHue. Mnc-roro 6e:cnopHo Moxe Aa ce onpeAenuKaTO Heh3qepnaeM il3TotlHilK Ha BAbxHOBe-uue:a SauracrilqHilTe cBeroBe, routo tofrqe cbTBopr4 no-KbcHo.

    ffiX.-';

    ^ AHApo tlaHr (1 844-1 91 2) BoAeula Srrypa or uornaHAcKaranureparypa. Tofi e niloHep B r3cneABaHilflTa, nocBereHh Hauuronorunra, a "CilHsra KHilxKa c npnra:xr" (The Blue Fairy Book)e nbpBara B nopeArqa, cbcroffula ce or 1 2 ToMa, npegcraBnrBaqaKoneKLlilF or MrroBe r nereHAil. Kopilqara Ha BceKn eAtrH ToMe B pa3nuqeH qegl a ro6rva na Tonxun e "9epaeuara xHura cnpuxa:xr" (The Red Fairy Book).

    flper uoeuepr 1895 r. rorl craBa xeprBa Ha ocr-bppeBMaTr3bM u Belle He e B c'bcToFHile Aa noHecen-bryBaHe Ao AHrnilfl, 3a na npeKapa KoneAHr4renpa3Hilqil c-bc cBoero ceMeficrBo. 34paeero Ha Mar-KilF AxoH e 3HaqureflHo no-Ao6po, Ho :a6onsea-HeTO Ha Aprup ce BrouaBa Bce noBeqe il noBeqe.llpee Qeepyapu cneABaulara roArHa rofi yMilpa, 6e3[a ycnee Aa ce 3aBbpHe B cBoflra po[ilHa. llorpe6ane e Snyrr,r$onrefiH.

    Aprup npe4ev1nvBo Brara Bcr4rlKure cil cnecrnBa-HilF B 3naTHilTe Ml4H14, HO AyrBUAeHTr4Te OT TOBa Haqn-HaHr4e ce oKa3BaT HeAocTaT-brrHyr il He no3BorrflBaT HaceMeticTBoTo na BoEl4 cHoceH xilBoT. 3a Aa orpaHilqhcBovrTe pa3xoAr4, Mera6rtn ce npeMecTBa cbc cBorTecl,4HoBe e capxoyn (no ouoea BpeMe ManKo cenqee Ycrup), B oKonHocrr4re Ha 5ilpMl,4HraM. Cenqeroce HaMilpa Ha npv6nv3vTenHo eEHa MilIrfl roxHooT fpaAa u e KurHo MecreHlle c'bc crapa BoAeHilqa/HanpaBeHa il3qFro or ryxnil. cnope4 6raorpasnreHa TonKilH Capxoyn oKa3Ba oco6eHo B-b3nerZcrBileB'bpxy Llerilpt4ro!illuHoro xnane il e il3Bop Ha BAbx-HoBeHfle 3a repoilTe BbB 0aHTacrilqHr4fl cBfl1, KorlTono-K-bcHo qe onnuje B cBor4Te npoil3BeEeHufl.

    Ttta raro e rpaAcKo Aere, 3a flxou e rpyAHo AanpilBr4KHe KbM rpy6ilre MaHhepu u HeAoAFnaHhre3ilK Ha CencKilTe Aeqa B capxoyn, Ho Tofi ycnflBa BcenaK Aa B-b3npheMe npoBr/H\uanHtAF AnaaeKr. MarlKahM Mefi6bn ce crpeMil Aa AaAe Ha cBoure cilHoBeAo6po o6pa3oBaHue. [xor+ e oco6eHo 3anarreH noe3r4Ka. EnaroAapeHue Ha Ta3r cBoF cTpacT il Bb3-nuraHuero, AaAeHo or MafiKa My,roh ce HayqaBa AaqeTe ,4 nl,4ue eABa Ha 4-roAnLuna Bb3pacT.

    Mouqero xuBo ce uHTepecyBa or e3ilqu fl cfleAKaTO HeroBara MarlKa 3anoqBa Aa My npenoAaBaIlaTUHCKI4 e3UK, y HefO nOCTeneHHO Ce 3aCUnBa ilHTe-pecbr KbM npaBonilca B e3uKa il HeroBara ooHe-TUKa. TOr Ce HayqaBa [a qere u nilue Ha raruHcKl4,KaKro 14 Aa pequrnpa orK'bcr4 or npou3BeAeHilF Hapr4McKr4 aBropr4, Kor4To HayqaBa Hail3ycr. B ceo6o4-HOrO Cr4 BpeMe O6OXaBa Aa qeTe "Anuca B crpaHaTa

    Ha qyAecara" (Alice in Wonderland) il 6es-6poir Apyrn npuKa3KLr. a oco6eHo no6ilMa3a Hero e"9epseHara KHhxKa c npilKa3Kh"(The Red Fairy Book) Ha AHApp IaHr.Tonxmn He caMo qere KHLlrr4, Ho 3anoqBa Aa nilue ilpa3Ka3il. B noeeqero or rFX Karo maBeH repor4 npil-cbcTBa 3eneH ApaKoH. Ha 17-rogur.r.rua et:pacr lxonTonxmn npaBh n-bpBt4Te cu cr-bnKu KtM npeBpbqa-HeTO Ch BbB BefihK nhcaTer.

    v l4nrccrpaLll414 or c6opurqure c npuKa3Ktr Ha AHApo tlaHr,ogarnasesu "Ksnra c poMaHTtrqHn ucropnn", s4rcxo n "Apa6cxunoqr" enreo. ,fleqara or qnn cBtr ca nneHeHn or npilKa3Kure,ct'6pauu or flaur.

    ^ capxoyn Mun (Sarehole Mill,"mill" ua asrnnrZcril e3rK o3HaqaBauensrqa) e eAHa or nerAecerre BoAHhMenHrqlt e pafioua xa 6upuurram. Or1 999 r. sacau ce npeBpbula B qeHftpaa ct6ntnn, nocBereHil Ha AercrBorona,4x. P P. Tonxns.

  • Ma hxa v ctAH, 3a crul-Haril or nou KbcMer3aragrunraflT rraArrncUJEA cM:bprrA HA cBot cBIIpyf uBIZsut cauaorrnexAa ABaMara cil ct4HoBe, Ho npr6nuerrennoHa 8-ro4uuna Bb3pacr lxoH eanovea Aa ce npo-mexr, CemeircrBara Ha Aprup Tonrru il Ha HeroBaracbnpyra Meri6rn npilHa4nexar KbM aHililKaHcKaraqbpKBa, Ho eArH 4eH Mefi6u norpeuKa ce oKa3BaB KaToryrqecKa KaTeApana, xapecBa BilAflHoTo B HeRH npoMeHr penurilRTa cu, npneuarlru Karonilqta3Ma.OcraHanrre

    'rreHoBe Ha ceuefrcreoro He o4o6prearHefrHoro peueHute, a roBa, ecrecrBeHo, AoBexAa Ao:ary6ara na QuHaHcoeara nogKpena, Koflro fi oraa-Bar Ao ro3r4 MoMeHr. Mefi6tn ycnf Ba Ao ro3l4 MoMeHTAa npeo4onee QuHancoeure 3arpyAHeHrfl c noMou.l-Ta Ha cBoero ce[4eficreo r Ha roBa Ha cBofl c]npyr,HO OTHeMaHeTO Ha ra3u nOMOu.l npeAcraBnflBa cepr-oreH npo6nem.

    Bnpara i o6aqe e chrHa n Henoxone6nMa, He3a-Br4cr4Mo or onilrilTe 4a 6l4e y6egeHa Aa npoMeHilpeueHuero cu. OceeH roBa, BbnpeKta cKpoMHurecpeAcrBa, c Kor4To pa3nonara, Bbnpocbr :a o6pa-3oBaHnero ra Herlnure Aeqa e npuopilTer 3a Heff.Tn ereHamepflBa Aa 3anuue AxoH e u3BecrHytflKonex Ha xpan E4yap4, xofiro aaerputBa v caMVArAprup TonruH, u ce HaAflBa cvnvr h ycneulHo Aal43Abpxlr npreMHilTe v3nlTvt. Bunperra qe nbpBrflTMy onnr nponaga,,{xon nperrituHaBa recroBere npe3eceHTa Ha 1900 r. EguH or rtr4qoBLlilTe noKa3Ba pa3-6rapaue KbM noroxeHnero Ha Mefi6tn u npegnara12 nayHga, Kol4ro Aa noKpt4flrraKcara:a o6yveHre.

    Trir xaro yqilnru.lero ce HaMupa Ha oxono 6 xuor AoMa uu, mafixa My npilApyxaea ,{xon Ao yrl4-nrqero. TR ilgnrrea cbxareHue KbM cBoero Aere,

    ^ YqeHhK B yqhnl4qero "Kpan EAyapA'inoApexAau.l nncMa. OcxoeaHoro or xpanEAyapA Vl yqe6Ho 3aBeAeHre e tr3BecrHoclc cBoilTe nporpaMu 3a qyxAoe3nKoBoo6yvenne. To e ctr4o raKa ornpaBHa roqKaB uHrepeca Ha TonKnH KbM AyMhre n e3xKa.

    lne4xa or rpaQcreo ycrbp, B oKonHocrxreHa 6hpMilHraM, HaBtBaqa rrunHa ucnoxoicrene. Toea e poAHoro Mrcro HaMaiKara Ha TonKrH n HefHoro ceMeicrBoCt$nn4c. flpra BcsKo cBoe noceqeHtaea Ycrtp Tonruu yceqa gtn6oxanpnB-bp3aHocT KbM Hero.

    roero rpn6ea Aa il3Mt4HaBa ronKoBa rorflMo pa3cro-flHUe/ eTO 3au.lo HaMupa eBTrH anapTaMeHT noA HaeMe Moycnra, e 6n[gocr Ao qeHTbpa Ha Srpmrnrann.flpueuxHan KbM Tt4tuuHara Ha cenKara MecrHoclKbAero [3pacrBa, ,{xoH e [3HepBeH or HoBt4tcw >t

  • ^ HeKonKo opaHhqh or ff3AaHhe Ha "KeHftp6t puficKu pa3Ka3il"(CanterburyTales) Ha Axeoptl 9octp. llpou:aegeHL4ero npeAcraBrtBac6opnrx or 24 pa:Ka3a tr noeML't, Korro ct1 pa3Ka3Bar noMexgy cnnunffrphMure, crpaHcrBaqn or n xtm Kexrtp6"upnicKara KareApana. ToBae Hali-npeAcraBilTenrara raop6a, ranucaHa Ha cpeAeH arrnutlcxu e:nx.

    Curprra Ha MafiKa Mylxou nperapBa AercrBoro cl4 B HenpeK'bcHaru npe-

    MecTBaHUfl OT eAHO MFCTO Ha Apyro, a HFKonKo nbTilAOpr4 XrBee npil cBot4 poAHt4Ht4. c nprerxeauero uyKbM Xr4BOTa Ha yqeHnK, yqilnhqero nocreneHHo cenpeBp'bqa 3a Hero B Heqo MHoro noBeqe or yqe6Ho3aBeAeHUe - TO CTaBa CilMBOn Ha CTa6ilnHOCT t4 MflCTO,KbAero yM'br Moxe Aa nbreuecrBa Ha Bonfl. Ho uafi-KaTa Ha ,[xoH ne Moxe Aa ce npilroAh KbM qbpK-Bara B KhHrc Xrrlr. Tn 3anoqBa Aa Tbpcl4 rqpyra r raKace HaT-bKBa Ha EilpMilHraMcKaTa opaTopvlF B oKonHo-cThTe Ha fpaAa. yqilnuulHilTe raKcil ca Aaneq no-Hl4cKt4u noHocr4Mr4 B cpaBHeH[e c re3il Ha "Kpan E4yap4',i aocBeH ToBa HeliHr4fr cr4H qe Moxe Aa norlyLlu Karo-nuqecKo o6pa3oBaHre B MbxKara rilMHa3ilg "Ceftur@unvn". B Haqanoro Ha '1902 r. ceMeficrBoro B3eManoA HaeM K-bqa, HaMl4paqa ce HeAaneq oT ytlvnv'u.lero, K'bAero e 3anhcaH 4a yvu,QxoH Tonxnu, Beqe Ha1O-roguuua Bb3pacr.

    Lltpreara AaBa Bb3MoxHocr Ha ,{xon ga ce 3ano3-Hae c fre3yhrcKr4r cBeu.leHuK oreq Opancrc KcaenepMopraH, KofrTo no-K'bcHo craBa HeroB HacraBHilK t/yr]rren. oreq Mopran e nHTerureHTeH, xl43HepaAOC-reH Mbx, c LryBcrBo 3a xyrvrop, go6poAyueH h HaAapeHc u3KnoqhrerHa Ao6poTa. CeMeficreoro Ha TonKuHyceqa, qe Hafi-HaKpaR HaMilpa MFcToTo, KbAero MoxeAa BoAr4 eAuH MfipeH, cnoKoeH il cra6ilneH xilBoL6eE oco6enra cbrpeceHuff. Merl6r'n o6ave cmnra, ueHT4BOTO B yrlilnilqeTo e rB'bpAe HilcKo t/ Moxe Aa ceoKaxe npeqKa 3a pa3Burilero Ha yMeHnfra u cnoco6-HocThTe Ha HefiHt4fl ct4H, eTo 3aqo npe3 1903 r. rn roornucBa oT uKonoTo il 3ano'lBa nepcoHanHo Aa ce3aHilMaBa C HeTOBOTO O6pa3OBaHUe. Hnxonxo MeceLlano-KbcHo,{xou nonyvaBa cruneHAuF or yqilnuuleTo"Kpan E4yap4" u ce raeprqa o6parHo B Hero.

    ) Ha ra3ta uH$opuaqnoHHa ra6ena e n:nncaro Hah-AbnroroHauMeHoBaHtre Ha xerie3onbrHa rapa e Yenc. ToeapHufr BraK,

    TpaHcnoprnpaq Bbrnuqa, Kot4To BilxAa TonKuH, cbulo tlua nogo6exHaAntrc Ha KenrcKu e3ilK. "Nantyglo" tr "Tredegar" ca AyMvl

    Ha yencKil e3uK, xouro rofi ctytrllea Aa npoqere or eAHara crpaHana earoxa. Vencqure ce cbnport4BntBar BeKoBe HapeA cperqy rpy6oro

    HaBnn3aHe Ha aHrnocaKcoHcKvA tt narvlcKu+ peqHuK, 3ana3EaiKL'lu ao aHec HflKol4 xapaKTepHu 3a cBo9 e3l/lK qepTil.

    Jlu,t li r.r llt o 1( e H ul tl

    TETEHA14TE B CEMET4CTBO TOtlKt4l{B cer,,1eicreoro Ha TonxuH nua epnH cnequareH Tollkiehn sTolkien n rara rn npr4o6ilBa aHrrocaK-

    pa3Ka3Baq Ha nphKa3Kr h ToBa e HefoBaTa fleflfl coHcKo3ByqeHe.lpeirc,no-uanxacecrpana6ar4aryryAprup,ronro Ctqecrayaar ManKo AoKa3arencrBa B noA-o6oxaeapacnogenflBct4qKo,cBbp3aHocvlcropt4- Kpena Ha pa3Ka3ure ua nens lpefic, Ho HflMaRra Ha cervtericreoro. Tn e yaepeHa B cBoilTe yMe- Apyrn qfleHoBe Ha ceuefictsoto, KolilTo Morar AaHilf Ha pa3Ka3Baq h BhHaril e roTOBa Aa noA- npeAOcTaBflT AOcToBepHa raH$OptuaqUn OTHocHoHece nopenHht HHrphryBau{ pa:ra:. flpe4qrare npotl3xoAa Ha ceMeitcrgoro. [4 ruil raro gnporoua Tonxrs npoh3nn3ar OT npgBtlHqhfl XOxeHqo- HaTOnXTHCe:aHuMaBaCnpoil3BOACTBoToHaKIa-nepu a Ceeqexara Prucra uMnepilfl, a poAo- BrlpHrll4HcrpyMeHTil,il3filexAacbulecrByBaHRKa-eara $auuurnn e OOH XoxeHqOnepn. llo eperrae KbB onpeAefleH aQunrarel rOftro cnpxll 3a AoKa-Ha o6caAara Ha BneHa npe:1529 r. npeAuecT- 3aTeICTBOHaBepguflTa,u3noxeuaOrnenRlpeic,BeHhKbT Ha TonrnH, leopr $oH XoxenqOnepH, ce OTHOCH9 npeAUecTBeH[K, rOiro cerpn Ha xla-6re Ha crpanara ua Aecrpun cpeuly OcMaHcKure eecilH. He:aeilcrlMo OT l46rl/HaTa, il3lflexAa qecnnu.flpv,6nv,vrenHo no roBa epeuerora nony- Ha flilqHocrhre Ha orAenHilTe qneHoBe e ce[.4eli-qaBa npo3B4qero 'Tollkiehn'l nporl3tln3aqo or crBoro Ha ToJlKl4H ce npuAaBa onpeAeneH poMaH-HeMcKaTa AyMa tollkuhn, rOnrO O3Havaaa "4tprtrl rhqeH OTTeFitr. Ta3il qepTa e ouie no-cilnHo il3pa-6e:pa:ClgHo oren'i llCmcsO ceMefrCraoro ce 3eHa, KOraTo uailCropcraOro Ha pa3Ka3Baq CTaBacpopea c $pexcxn 6raropogHrqr qpe3 6paKoBe, cbBceM flBHo B yMeHilero Ha !x' P P. TorxuH gaa ,4Mero 3anoqBa Aa 3By1{h no lancKtl, r.e. no$pen- cbrBopfBa qyAHrl $auracruvlttt tAcropt4t .qeHo.Krtulro:ltKnOHHapOAailnpeAqilTeHaTgfl- Crvrtprra Ha 6a6ara Ha TonKnH, ManKo CneAKuH npllHarqnexil h qoBe4 Koilro cBtlpt4 Ha Kna- KoHqilHara Ha Aprup TonxuH, AoBeXAa Ao orry)K-BecnH (crap!4HeH KnaBilpeH ilHcrpyMeHr).3a Aa AaBaHero My or poAHl4Hilre Ha HeroBilF 6aqa.nz6s,raOtnuo1vHaTa,3annauBaU{aBcilqKuXOpa PonRra, rOrro hlpae nenf lpefic, noCreneuuoc 6naropoger npo[3xoA ata Opauqun, roil npe- u36negHflBa, a AxoH 3anoqBa Aa ce noBnllgBaKocf,Ba fiaMaHUa h ce yCIaHoBflBa e AHtnr4R. Kas- Or CeNlteficreo C'u$rang - pogHl4HilTe My no Mati-ear, qeroi erostl, xoiro aHrnltqu:npa OaMilnhFTa gaHa ntAHtAfr.

    Toea ce oKa3Ba eAHa npoMFHa c 6naronpuflrHt4nocfleAcrBhfl 3a TonKtlH. Yqrrensr Ha MarIKt4fl AxoHxapecBa ylleHvll-lhre My Aa roBopfr Ha crapoaHrnnfi-cKh. Te L{erar Ha rnac orKbct4 or "KeHTbp6bptAilcKtApa3Ka314" Ha lxeopil t{octp (1343-1400), uanucaHnHa cpeAeH aH-nv,ilcKtA e3ilK (Middle English - eranB pa3BrlrHero Ha aHrnilftcKuF e3ilK MexAy 1150 u1475 r.). Tesn :auuuaHVfl B ywntAule ce oKa3BarKaranil3arop 3a MraAhe ,{xon n Tofi B3eMa pelue-Hile Aa ce orAaAe Ha il3yqaBaHero Ha ilcTopt4flTa HaaHfnL ttCnAF e3trtK.

    Fegure o6aqe orHoBo He noulaAflBar AoMa HaTonrrH. [1pea anpnn 1904 r. rgpaeero Ha MatlKara Ha,lxoH, Mera6tr, ce BnouaBa 3apaAh 3a6oflflBaHe orAila6er. flearvrara h c4aa ca noBepeHil Ha rpilxnre HapoAHr4Hr4, a caMara Tfl HacoqBa yctAnvnra cil KbM Bb3-craHoBRBaHe. llpes nRroro Ha cbu.lara foAilHa noKa3Ba6enesu Ha noAo6peHile ,4 B3eMa cilHoBere cu o6pa-rHo B PeAHan. Bcuqxu 3aeAHo ce paABar Ha cbtLlnrenpeKpacHn AHV, KO|ATO npeKapBaT n B capxoyn, Ho3ApaBOCfiOBHOTO CbCTOffHne Ha Meil6bn orHoBo ceBflouaBa. Tn yruupa Ha 14 AeKeMBptA 1904 r. u IxoHocTaBa cr4paK Ha 14-roAilLuHa Bb3pacr.

    ^npe3 1529 r Ocuascrara hMneprf,o6caxga BneHa B onffT Aa pa3uuprrocnoAcrBoro cu rag [eHrpanua Eapona. Ka3Bal qe ocMaHcKtrTe eoicx!4 capa3rpoMeHr nocpeAcTBoM noMoulraHa caeHoBe na 6naropogrulecroceuefrcteo. MHoro BepotrHo e roBa Aa e

    cnoMeHaBa B cBon pa3Ka3 3aHa serlsoto ceueictgo.

  • TonKuH orKpnBa enilqHilTe noeMvrficruncrcn 4ouCnorr4 nocnEAHArA BoJUr HA TflGATA MAr,rKAoreq MopraH craBa noneqrrer il HacraBHnr Ha flxoHI Ha no-MarKna my 6par. B no4o6Hr cnyqa[ cupa-qure o6nxHoeeHo ce noBeprBar Ha rpilxnre Ha poA-Hr4Hr4, Ho rtrl xaro Merl6un npueMa Karorrrqu3Ma,usueHRfixta Ha aHrnuKaHcKara q-bpKBa, rn ce 6on 4aocraBr cr4HoBere cv npv cgoero ceMeficreo, cirR-rafixu, ve no raKbB HaqilH Te u{e ce orAaneqar ornponoBeArre Ha Karorr4qecxara qupxea. OreqMopraH cnoAenn neftHure Bb3rneAh no Bbnpoca14 cr.rura, ve rpn6ea Aa HaMepil HoB AoM 3a MoM-qerara Bb3MoxHo Hafi-cxopo. 3a qenra rol,ruz6upa rflxHara nenn, Searpuc CuQufin4,Koflro He ce BbnHyBa oco6eHo or penurh-flra Ha ABaMara 6parn. ,[oruur fi cbqo ceHaMilpa e 6nugocr Ao oparopfinra v BHero nMa MHoro crau. TR xueee cte-ceM caMa, HfMa Aeqa u npeAnara yloTI rocTonp4eMcTBo.

    HecumHeHo Eearpuc e AocraHexafrHa r 6erpa:nuuua. Bunperur{e npeAocraBfl Ha MoMqeraraocHoBHr4 Heu{a, Tfl ue o6puqa BHuMaHileHa rbrara n crpu6ra no:ary6ara Ha rRxHara uarirail He ycnflBa Aa uM ocurypn yTexaTa, oT KoflTo rMarHyxAa. 6parnra npe4noqurar Aa npeKapBar BpeMerocyt B qbpKBara, a He B AoMa Ha cBoflra nenR. BcRxacyrpr4H, cneA Karo ce cr6ygn1, re oruBar B Ll't pK-Bara, KbAero npuc'bcrBar na cnyx6a, u cne4 ToBace ornpaBnr K-bM yqrnuu.le. Cne4:aunrnrra ce Bpb-qar o6parno ram. 3a rflx qbpKBara e rexHflrr tAcrtAH-cK14 AOM.

    3aralnnre Ha e3rrKaTonxnH ce qyBcrBa ceo6o4Ho B yqunuu.lero n

    3anoqBa Aa ce cnpuflTeJrflBa c vrHoro 4eqa. OceeHToBa oqe or Aere AeMoHcrpilpa 6esxpaen uure-pec KbM r43yqaBaHero Ha e3rllt4, a yvrnuqero "KpanEgyapA" npeAcraBnflBa ilAeanHara cpeAa 3a pa3Bu-rre u npoqb$rnaaHe Ha HeroBilfl raraHr. Po6uprfunctH, AnpeKTopbr Ha yr{hnuulero, Hacbp'{aBacBorTe yt{eHuqu Aa n3y'{aBaT KIacilqecKu e3rqn,a 6ileuJure My npenoAaBaren[ c'br4o My ocilrypfl-Bar pa3nuqHil yve6Huqr. Teru yve6tur noMarafia cecbAbpxar B Kypc 3a HaquHaeu.l4, xofiro Tonxuu noce-u{aBa,3a ga npu4o6ue 3HaHufl no crapoaHrnnftcxnesrx (Old English

    - eran B pa3Brruero Ha aHrnufi-

    cKur e3uK B neproAa 450-1 1 50 r.) Crapoanrnrahcxvnre3ilK pa3naflBa uHTepeca Ha TonxuH.,[xoH npovurau "5eoyn0'1 Hari-crapara ennqHa noeMa B crapoaH-rnailcxara nureparypa orVlll e. c Heu3BecreH aBrop.PareunHyeaH or roBa cBoe nocrr4xeune, TonruH

    ^ PbKonhc Ha "6eoynQ"- ennvxara noeua,vufrro asrop octaBa Hen3BecreHu Ao AHec. flpoa3BeAeHnero ce cbxpaHf,BaB KoneKqhflTa ua EpnraHcxnn my:efi.flo4po6xnnr aHanh3 Ha plKonnca ocepraBanopa314renHnTe pa3nnKh, cbqecTByBaqr'lMexAy crapoaHrnnhcxnn n cbBpeMeHHhnatrnnftcxr eaux.

    HacoqBa BHuMaHueTo cr4 KbM cpeAHoBeKoBHnff enoc"Ctp layefiH u 3eneHuR pr4qap'| HanucaH Ha

    cpegHoaHrnilhcwr ezux nper XIV e. oraBTOp, r{]4flTo rAeHTilqHOCT OCTaBa:a6yneHa B rafiHa. Toea nponeee4e-

    Hl4e cnyxu 3a 3acunBaHe Ha uHTepe-ctare My KbM rilHrBucruxara. llpes 1 908

    r., Ha 16-ro4urxHa Bb3pacr,,[xoH npe4-npueMa cBoeTo nbpBo 3HaquMo llilHr-

    Bvrcrt4r.tHo HaquHaHhe, HaurpatZxn ce enocneAHara roA[Ha or cBoero o6yveHre.

    lltpeoHavanno rori npaeu onurAa uso6perrHOB e3UK, KaTO pa3quTa Ha rUHrBrCTUqHvlR

    MoAen Ha narvHcKtAt, rp'br-lKr4n, Hemcrun, $peH-cKtAA tA ApynA errqr. EguH geu nonyvaeagr ceofi

    npunTefl 6yreap, HanilcaH Ha e3uKa Ha rorure.TexunRr e3uK r43qe3Ba orAaBHa, Ho onpeAeneHvr

    ereMeHrvl B npaBonilca ca 3ana3eHfi ur 4o 4Hec. TosnAocer c 6yxeapa Ha rorcKl4 e3ilK ule HaKapa TonxuHAa B3eMe peueH4e n Aa ce onhTa Aa pa3per.uh nun-cara Ha AocrarbqHo un$opmaqun, cBbp3aHa c ror-cKuR e3u6 Ha 6asara Ha cbu.lecrByBaqure no oHoBaBpeMe Mare p il anu. Ycvinuata My Aa Bb3cra Ho Bil eAr4 HM'bpTbB e3ilK MOraT Aa Ce OnpeAerflr Karo npoeKr uHaquHaHue e o6nacrra Ha cpaBHxrenHara rlaHfBr4c-rnxa n 6enexu Haqanoro na xureticxnre 3aHnMaHuflna Tonruu a o6nacrra Ha e3uKo3HaHnero.

    Or gpyra crpaHa, Xunrpur TonxnH Hn Hai-uanxoHe ce uHTepecyBa or yqeHuero rnu noHe He B Ta3ucreneH, B KoflTo ce [HTepecyBa HeroBvrrr 6par. Cnegxaro or6nea BoeHHara cu noBnHHocr a 6prraucxaraapnrAfl, rofi sanoqea Aa ce 3aH[Maea c $epmvr e npo-Bl4 H q14fl Ta, Orrn exAa u.l 14 qBeTfl u 3en eH qyll 14.

    Ilrpnara rro6oB Ha ToJrKr.rHOreq MopraH mHoro 4o6pe ocb3HaBa, qe xtaBorbr

    Ha 6parnra TonrrH B AoMa Ha rflxHara nenn EearpucHe e npvrflreH, eTo 3au{o Tbpcil rqpyro MflcTo, KbAeToAa xilBeflT ABere MoMqera. Tora HaMnpa nonxoAflr{AoM npr Mucvrg OorHbp, HaMupau{ ce Ha 3aAHay nv\Ka, 6n urro go oparopr4fl ra.

    llpee 1908 r.6parnra TonxnH ca npileru B Kbu.laraHa Ooxnup. TaM xrBee oqe eAHo cnpave

    -

    geeoilra,qilero ilMe e E4nr Mepra 5par. Tn e xpacureo, $urnoMOMl4qe, CbC Cr4BLl Oqr I CUI|HO u3pa3eH[ qeprilHa nilqero. Toraea e Ha 19-ro4ruHa B'b3pacr u e c3 roguHu no-Bb3pacrHa or ,{xoH TonxuH. Trrl raroe He3aKoHopoAeHo AeTe, Tf He 3Hae ilMeTo Ha cBof6aqa, xorZro yMilpa ner roAuHtA npe4ra roea. ,[xonce enp6ea B ToBa MoMr4qe, c Koero ce 3ano3HaBa6naro4apeHue Ha 3noqacrHure o6croRTercrBa BcBofl xl4BOT

    - Cbr{nTe, KOI4TO 3aCTUraT n Hefl.

  • ,( [orure ce npecenBar or Cxau4nHascKh9 nonyocTpoB !4 ce ycraHoBflBar HaTepuTopugTa, pa3nonoxeHa ceBepHoor qepno Mope, Ao cpeAara Ha ll B. np.Xp. Cneg roBa ce pa3AenffT Ha ocrroruil Becrrorn. B nepuoAa mex4y V u Vlll a.npeAcraBnFBar 3annaxa 3a 3ana4raraPrucxa nuneprfl u ycnflBar Aa$opmrpar AbpxaBa Hd flrpilHeicKuflnonyocrpoB. YnpaeneHuero Ha ocr-Tornre e par6uro or Bh3aHTnvrcKaranMnepuf, AoKaro KpancrBoro HaBecTroTilTe e yHruloxeHo B pe3ynTaTor HaxnyBaHero ua apa6ure B EBpona,KOeTO 3aBbpUBa C nOKOpflBaHeTO HafltrpvHetrcKilr nonyocrpoB. Pe3ynrar orecuvxn n:6poenu cr6urns ce regeau3qe3BaHero Ha rorhre. lloprperrre,npeAcTaBeHil TyK, nptrHaAnexar HaBecrTorcKure xpane AraynQ (rope,ynpaBnFBa MexAy 410 u 415 r. np. Xp.)h ATaHarunE @ony, ynpasnnsa mex4y555 v 567 r np. Xp.).

    llo roea BpeMe TonKrH ce cnpaBff Ao6pe Byqilnfiu]e u ce paEBa Ha yLleHhqecKAA ctA xt4Bor.Han-unuo e nor-bnHar or nucaHero Ha peqn 3a KoH-Kypc Ha opuAilqecKa reMarilKa v v3nlArBa yAoBner-BOpeHile or ilrpara Ha p-br6il. He moxe Aa ce Kaxe,qe uMa renocroxeHile, noAxoEFlLlo 3a ro3il cnoplHO Brafa ronFM eHTycr4a3-bM t4 ynopilTocr B Tpe-HvrpoBKnTe. Torl Aopr,r cqynBa Hoca cu, Ho BbnpeKilBCyILTKO vlMa ycnex il e n36paH Aa yqacrBa B yqH-ntAl{'HVn or6op. oceeH roea noryqaBa nph3HaHueil oqeHKa oT pbKoBoAcTBoTo Ha uKonoTo 3a cBo-ilTe ruHfBt4cTvrr.tHn cnoco6Hocrt4 u e npenopbqaH 3acrh neHAilfl oT oKcoopAc RV.A y HtA}epcvrer. Ton Kr4 Ho6aqe MHoro noBeqe ce BbnHyBa or cBoflTa crpacr3a c'b3AaBaHe Ha HoBr4 e3w)IA vt 6eryrvrHara cn np6oBKbM EAr4r.

    { B AHrnuF no oHoBa BpeMe noceulaBaHero Ha cacrHo ytlhfluu.{e3a MoMqera (uureprar), KbAero BcIqKn yceHnqu cnogelnr o6u1ucnanHil noMeuleHhn, e:nax:a go6po o6qecrseHo nonoxeHile-CMffTa ce, ve cnoptr ptr6u e cb3.qaAeH ra nogo6ro mrcro -yvrnrqero "Ptr6n'i xrAero no BpeMe na Qyr6oneu Maq eAnHor ffrpaqtrTe rpa6ea ronxara il 3anoqBa Aa 6rra,4lpxetixu na cxyra cu. lN. P P Tonxun e 3ananeH no MlxKure cnoproBeB yqeHtrqecKhTe cv toAVHV.

    ) Cqena ornpou3BeAeHileToHa tlyrc Kapon"Anuca s crpauarana uygecara" (Alicein Wonderland),KbAeTO rnaBHaTarepoflHF nile qal4c lygrn uanrap rMapreHcKilr 3aeK.Tosa e egna ornrc6rmrre gercxnrluxrr ga Tonxug.

    i{.,:l: r'f. , .J & I. 1-t\' lt- L4 c l-4'L'e

    , :r:;ilrtri,i:r:r..li

    ,Jlrl iit,HAqATO HA XAHPA OEHTb3I4 B AHf NUUCKATA NUTEPATYPA

    cEddgJ lodeth.E et oE coFneF *t if. "N6Fodh I No .""n1' rh"S crLed, ort ohrn rrr.'

    -'ru ALice comiao. Jnere's hIsnt" Jro"al'said A[rce Lnd\goLeatl\, ,la o3t"ao.n.^a L*rae arwch*ir at iwe ewd, of tto toLte.

    " Trnlt "

    cLeaw c*li, i-rtewnfr.d, tt".Hottep, "[et3 alL noro oao nLace o+tHenooecL op os luo sboko .nd,tLL Oor-oosel"LLoued, h,,n: tho ll i".h, H

    "oe no" " *lnto the Dopmoose's IrL&ce' awdt Alicerathe" *-.iLL"*ok took tLo lzLace a*the MoncL Harou.uTLo Hottetp a*sten.only ozo rho got umS aduawtago Janlhq oh@tuao:

    -wd, AL"ce dtus a gaodd,",*I .'"""9 o* Lhoru LeForo. ,eit".lhZ oltqwoo

    '

    "-*d' AiJce des @ -qoo(

    d.eol u"""3 oft Lhoru LeForo, aeih,enucfu llors"iod, i*st"rbseI rhe m,lld.eal ao"sE otp Lharu Letoro, oe tl'ue

    TonrilH onnaxea cbcronH!4ero, B Koero ce HaMilpa aHrnilircKara AercKa flilTe- Karo rBepHaHTKi. Te cb34aBar npr- ii.clt,tla,ro"iod'i*st"fsor'rhe m'L\;e3parypa, 3anBnBafiru, .{e egilHcreeHoro, c Koero Moxe Aa ce noxBafu rF, ca 6yK- Ka3Kn eAHa cneg Apyra, c o6pa3oBa- *""1;*;;f#;tt :t t"6,"1l#.*1t;;,ir,.;ri:

    cnoMeHaTil. .QHec o6ave KbM no-rorfMaTa qacT oT KHilrnTe, npeAHa3HaqeHil 3a 3anoqBa Aa ce osopun uoa xaup, KofiTo

    fleqa h qeTeHu B qfln cBflT/ npilHaAnexar nphKa3Kure, cb3flaAeHi B AHfuF. 6yK- HfMa 3a qeJl [a o6paaoaa hlrA Bb3nuraBa, a no-cKopo Aa orBexAa Aeqara B eAnHBapilTe ca ManKil KHl4xKil c foneMilHara Ha qoBeuKa [./ilaH, ny6nvKyBaHil npe3 u3MilcneH npiKa3eH cBfT. ToBa e OaHTacriqHifT xaHp, npepacrBaul no-KbcHo

    xorBopeHilfl. vlz$aunnta, cal.bpxaulil nilreparypHil TBop6n, ca MaIKo Ha 6poh u rpHo reqeHie ca rprMara croxepu Ha aHrnrfcKoTo QeHrt:u, a iMeHHo - fyhcce npoAaBar npeAhMHo or aM6ynaHTHl4 rbproBqil. O6r,rxHoeeHo re npe4craBnfl- Kapon c "Anuca e crpaHara Ha qyAecara" (Alicet Adventures in wonderland),Bar npuMl,4r/BHil cbqiHeHiF cbc ct MHirerHa crotiHocl KaKro rBbpAn v caMufr 9apna Kuurcnu c "Bo4Hure 4evnqa" (The Water Babies) n AxopAX MaKAoHanA c

    KareApanara "cBeril llaBefl" B flon4on ce orKpt/lBa nbpBara KHuxapHiqa 3a AeT- cbr4oro ToBa nireparypHo ABLlxeHie ce nosBFBar i rorlKoBa nonynfpHtl Aer-cKa n!4reparpa. fxon Hro6tpr,r, 6raLu ruproseq Ha neKapcrBa, 3anoqBa Aa npo- cKvt r}op6vt, Karo "3afqero llraTbp" (Peter Rabbit) ua Searprrc llortp n "MeuoAaBa KHhril c no-Ao6po KaqecrBo l/t croliHocr. Egua orrnx e c6opHr4Kbl r43BecreH flyx" (Winnie the Pooh) Ha AnbH MilnH. Toea BpeMe craBa ,43BecrHo noA ilMeronoA ilMero "lercKil crnxoBe Ha Crapara rbcKa" (Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes). "3narHurr BeK Ha aHrnilficKara flercKa nireparypa': [x. P. P Tolrru ce paxAa no

    Teau nrrpsu AercKyl il3AaHilff ca HanilcaHil npeflilMHo or xeHil, pa6oreultl ToBa BpeMe il ,43pacrBa c KHrtfLlTe Ha n36poeHhre aBTopl4.

    Ths Loble "os

    uLn\e oae,but the thnee oeq a.L

  • CtnnrZHoro Haqano Ha nepnonor xytBoraHa To nKnHIlo.nyrafi nara opraHrr3aqr,rfl T.C.B.S.Tomzg HEIIeEKT,CHAT o MvrcIIr4 3.e. EAr4T. fl eauarace enro6ear e4ilH B Apyr Aocra 6rpao, a oreq Moprar.rpa:6upa 3a rflxHara vAVntAA. lzl rurl raro B MoMeHrace qyBcrBa xaro 6aqa na n{xou, roir ce paeovapoea,qe oHouara npeHe6perea cBoero yqeHue, cneA Karoce enp6ea B MoMr4qero, c Koero xhBeflT 3aeAHo BeAHa Kbula. Tonrmu o6er4aea Aa cKbca c Egrar ra gace npeMecru Ha HoBo runcro. Torl npaBu onr4ril Aa cecpeqa rarlHo c Heff, Ho He Moxe ga uz6ara or oLlureHa oreq MopraH. B xpaftHa cMerKa rvry :a6paHnaar 4afi nuue nrcMa I Aa ce cpeu{a c Hefl HacaMe - Bct4rtKoroBa caMo 3apaAu $axra, ve oreq MopraH e HeroBnoneqhTefl.

    Maftrara Ha TonrnH Monu npeAh cMbprra cucBeuleHuKa Aa ce rpilxl4 3a MnaAexa, 4oxaro roiHaBbpurr4 2 1 -rognLuua Bb3pacr. Tonxus r43n-bnHnBa3apbKara Ha oreLl MopraH, Ho cnyqKara BoAr4 AoorqyxAeHile MexAy ABaMara. lloceqenunra Ha MoM-qero B oparopl4flTa craBar Bce no-peAKil. OcraHan6er puroeogcrBo K'bAe Aa Hacotn4 eHeprilflra at,toilcTapaTenHo il npilIexHo ce 3aeMa c yqhfl14u.leTo.

    5r6n rorexara Ha y'r iln u qero,,Kpan Egya pg" ce pbKo-BoAt4 or npe4craBilTent4 Ha apncroKpaqunra. flper1911 r. TonxuH noeMa ra3il ponfl,3ae4Ho c HFKonKoApynA cBou cbyqeHilqu, cpe4 Kor4ro KpucroQ-upYaluaH, no3HaBaq e o6nacrra Ha My3ilKara u ecrecr-BeHure HayKA, u Po6rpr luncuu, vrairo nn6rarvr npe4-Mer e xilBonilcra. OceeH rrx KbM tpynara ce npilcbe-AilHRBar oqe rpnMa-qeruprMa yqeHuqil. Mouqerarapa3nonaraT c MHofo BpeMe r 3anoqBaT rqa opraHil3t4-paT qaeHil napTnTa, no BpeMe Ha KoilTo Bnil3ar B ropeu.l4e6a1 cerpraH c reMu or nilreparypara u il3KycrBoro.Tosr yvrrrnrauleH Kpbr nonyqaea iluero,,9arina'i a nup-BilTe cpeqil ce npoBexAar B yr{unuulHara 6u6nvorcra.llo-xtcHo re ce cbcroflT e xaQenero Ha yHnBepcanHrfluaraanH,,6apoy".lA norczu HaquH uMero Ha rpynara cenpoMeHR na,,O6r4ecreoro Sapoy'i 6ponr na qreHoBereHenpeKbcHaro HapacrBa unr HaMarflBa, Ho Yarl:uaH,TonxuH n Funcau ocraBar Heil3MeHHo B flrqporo HaopraHil3aqnflra T.C.B.S. (axpoHuu or aHrnmficrr: TeaClub and Barrow Society, B npeBoA Kny6 u O6qecreoro6apoy), 9neHoeere Ha roBa nonyrafiHo o6r4ecreo cecu6upar, o6egraHeHu or cBoero qyBcrBo Ha ApyrapcrBot,t npilfrencrBo, fl pa3MeHRT MHeHuff a egHa 6ypHa nu3nbrlHeFl0.:qHTycila3bMl4HreneKryaaHacpeAa. ::

    Harpynraue Ha 3Hanr.rflBcraqxra qneHoBe,Ha rnyG no:Haaar mnoro go6pe

    KrlacuqecKar:aurt4Teparypa Ha naTilHCKyl t4 ApeBHo-rpbqKu e3ilK, a ocBeH Bcr4rrKo ocraranb- BceKu eAuHfi3Mexfly rflx e cnequanu3upaH B AaAeHa o6nacr. lloro3u H a q il H n ocrnfar pb e4p eecu e, (ild19 n pedptitrd.i rcpeu.lure na T.C.B.S e crr6urue c'bc cnequanfio 3Haqe-

    HUe 3a BCeKU eAfiH Or rpnMaTa npuflrenil n 3a3Apa-BflBa Bpb3Kr4Te nOMeXAy r,rrvr. cxopo xny6ur nony-qaBa HoBo nonbnHeHue

    - flxe$pra CiMur. HeroeoronpucbcrBile B rpynara e cpaBHfirenHo nepra$epHor rorl nounrora npucbcrea Ha c6rpxure, 3a Aao6cux4a cbBpeMeHHara nhreparypa, aurnuricxaranureparypa, a B qacrHocr t4 cBorra np6uma reua-TnKa

    - noe3unra.bnaro4apeHue o6a,{e Ha HeroBoro

    enMRHue TonxilH npoRBflBa cKJroHHocr KbM l4cruHcKoBb3npfieMaHe u oqeHflBaHe Ha 3HaqeHileTo Ha noe-gunra. llo BpeMe Ha re3il oxilBeHil ilHTereKryarHilMoMeHTLI Tonxnu ce B-bnHyBa or noAroroBKara cu 3an peAcrofl uloro n peAil3Bil KaTencTBo, n peA Koero qece u3npaBil, a uMeHHo

    - noflyqaBaHero na ueo6xo4n-

    uara reanuQuKaqilR 3a crilneHAllfl e OrcQop4cxunyHuBepcurer. Ha 1 7 gexeuepw 1910 r. Tonxrn e npilere "Excerup Konugx" Ha Bhcuero yve6Ho 3aBeAeHilec'bc cneqilarHocr KflacuqecKil e3r4qr4. Oreq MopranMy oKa3Ba cBoFra noAKpena 3a nopeAeH nbl a Bpa-TaTa K'bM CBera Ha nrrepaTypaTa ce oTKpilBa Bce no-ul4poKo 14 cilrypHo npeA Hero.

    Cneg raro Bbnpocbr c nocrbnBaHero My B yHuBep-cilTera e ypeAeH, TonruH Beqe e B cbcrofHne Aa npe-rapea ceo6ogHoro ct4 BpeMe KaKTo xeflae, 6es roeaAa ce fBfiBa npeqKa npeA HeroBuTe yqt4nnqHil 3aHfl-twa.Toit e 3aBnaAFH or ceBepHoeBponeficrara muro-nontfl, a u3yqaBaHero fi oxagea 3HaqilTerHo Bnt4fHileBbpxy HeroBara rBopqecKa geriHocr.

    ,,Kaneeana'; Bcenpil3Har QuHnan4crn HaqroHareHenoc, ce npeBpbqa B HeroBo nrrc6umo npoil3BeAeHhe.TonxnH qecro Ka3Ba, qe KolKoro noBeqe qere rBop-6ara, ronroea noBeqe ce HaMupa B Mup cbc ce6e cu,HanbrHo norbrHar or qereHero. llpegn 4unnorunpa-HeTO Cr4 nO TpaAilLI4F yqeHrqilre n3nbflHffBar ponilor ApeBHorpbqKil nuecu. ,QxoH rarrarpaBa ponflTa HaXepuec or,,Mu p" na Apracro$an.

    Taxa npnrnoqBar MnaAexKure foAVtHtA ua TonxuHe xonexa,,Kpan E4yapg'i

    TonxuH ilsnongea ceo6oAHoro BpeMe cneA 3aBbplltBa-Hero Ha cpegHoro cyt o6pa:oeaHre h npeAil Aa 3anoqHeneKqunTe B yHilBepcnTeTa, KaTo npeAnpueMa nbryBaHee tjJaeraqapnn 3aeAHo cbc cBon 6par Xnntpu t4 HflKonKoApyrl4 Tofir4 npu+tenu.Toea e apeuero, Koraro Tonrus

    : rg.r.ryea pimrl,/t:.tH,tA KHVrn, cbAbpxau-lt4 eceHHu nerl:axn.. Torl or4q4r,r,lq|4exgy rnx eAHa, B Koflro uMa untocrpa-

    rp,rflF M:)t ieAnq Bbpy:SaM1'K.4oAbHepa Ha AbpBo.Tofr e 6enoenac crape4 Ha flaBara cn uMa ulupoKo-

    -..

    nona uanxa u Hocl4 Abnro HaMerano, l4:ntueaHero nny

    f fiodpoayuruo u xrrHepa4ocrHo; flg:xtpito TonKt4L qeonpqgenu Ta3u KofleKqufl or l4fltocrpaqilh Ha eceHHuneracarv Karo,,npoi43xoAbr Ha laHgans'l

    Pasrur{Hure 3afllMaHrn Ha Tonxun ro KapaT Aa,or*01$ffi"tint1. *ci1- qe nocayxar *uto r,rgiri.t

    :t:.r:ritl;r:.r -.. r...:-:

    ^ Marlocsnxtr laHAan0 B cqeHa orQunma "Bnacrennubr Ha npbcreHnre':I/ BbnpeKfl qe B poMaHnre sa TonxuHMarbocHur.ltrTe uuar voeeuxn o6pa:,B AeicrBurenHocr re ca AyxoBe(uarirap), n:nparexu s Cpe4uara3eMt, 3a Aa noMaraT Ha Te3r, KotrToce 6oprr cper4y CaypoH - rocnoAapFHa upaxa. XapaxrepeH 3a rrx 3HaKe euue6susr xe3bn, cuMBon Harnxsara mrcus. "lax4an$" e 4yma,qnuro KopeHn npon3xoxAaT oT ApyfnAyMU Ha l4CnaHACKU e3UK h O3HaqaBa"n3ntveaulrrr arnu:e6creo enQ'iHa BecrpoHcKu, e3rKa Ha KoftTo ceroeopu s Cpe4xara 3eMF, ilMero Myce npesexAa xaro "enQ Ha xeatna'inoATeKcTbT oTHOBO COqU KbMMafncecKaTa My cl4na,

    BbHUeH tr3rneA Ha crpaAara Ha"Excerup Konu4x" B OKcQopAcKr4tyxusepcurer, Konexbr e ocHoBaHnpe3 1 31 2 r. I AaBa Ha cBera ronflM6porl xy4oxruqn u nucarenv.E4uH or rnx e callrffT Ax. P P TonKtrH."Excetp Konugx" e Mrcroro, KbAerorori s ntnHa creneH Moxe Aa ce pa.qBaHa MnaAocfra cil.

    t:

  • Pasnu.rna

    nbTyBAHETO AO OPAHqUA ]nTonxnu e Han'brHo norbrHar or yHilBepcu-

    TercKara cn nayvra getlnocl no 6e:cnopHo utlau Apyril nHTepecl/l, ocBeH cBoilTe aKaAeMu']Htlgasnuasrs. TorZ :aMilHaBa 3a IIaprx:a npa:xu-qilre npe3 .1913 r., KbAero npeAcrol4 ga pa6orrKaro

    '{acreH yq[Ten Ha ABe Aeqa oT MeKcilKaH-cKu npoil3xoA. ilrryaauero o6aqe ce ora:aaxaracrpo$anuo n e xpafiua cuerxa rotit nexefiae Aa ce 3aHilMaBa noBeqe c qacTHl4 ypoql4.

    Cne,q xaro npilcrilra e'ue Spencxara croruqa,AxoH ce cpeqa c nenflTa Ha Aeere Aeqa. TonrrFtxenae oT Aocra Abnro BpeMe HacaM Aa nocernflapnx n orKpaABa ManKo BpeMe, npe3 KoeroAa ce nopa3xoAr4 Ha Bona h3 ynhqilTe Ha rpaAa.Tofi e:aenagnu or BcnqKh Hoell Heo6ilxHoeexilHeu{a, Ha Kohro ce HalbKBa. Cne4 xaro npe-KapBa HnKonKo AHr/ TaM, ce ornpaBfl ruu 6pe-rar, ruft Karo MoMlrerara, 3a Konro ce tprxl4,hcKar Aa nocernr o6nacrra. OceeH ToBa caMhFTTonruH gtgHa[4eprBa Aa orA'bxHe HtKoflKo AHt4B npoBr4Hrlnfl:r, Ho KoraTo npilcThra TaM, oq[TeMy He BuMar Hnulo Apyro, ocaen "6omyx r

    EAHO H En PEABT4AEHO CbEl4Tl4E

    rypncrr". Tovno re3il AyMt4 il3non3Ba rotTt e ceoenncMo, aApecnpaHo Ao c'bnpyrara My E4ur. 3a gaBnouu nonoxeHneTo oqe noBeqe, eAilH Henp14-flTeH hHqhAeHT npeBp'bqa qflnoTo nbryBaHe ByxacHo npex[Bflaane. E4nu gex TonKtr''H lASnv3aHa pa3xoAKa 3aeAHo c xnaneTaTa n TnxHaTareflfl, Koraro aero^4o6nn npo$yuasa no rporo-apa 14 yApfl MnaAara xena. Xusorur ir ewctt Harocr'u n,[xox R oTKapBa no uati-6'up:rn uavrnB xorena. HR

  • Ceerur Ha QaHra 3uflraIl:rpenrr Ha MrrroJrorrrflTallpes cTyAnHTCKI4TE cI4 fOII4HII Tonxuu nonaAaHa noeMar o3arnaBeHa ,,Kpwct", Ha 3araAbqHhfl noerKrHrynQ. Ts e Hanucaaa Ha crapoaHmtnilcnt ezuxu,{xon n xapecBa HeBepoflTHo MHoro. Tosu rexcl noHe[oBo MHeHue, npeAcTaBnf Ba ApeBHara MilToIoffiflHa axrnrficrnfl HapoA. CneA raro R npoqt4Ta, TonruH3arBflBa,

    '{e yceu.la npo6yx4aHero Ha Heulo, Koerocnu gun6oxo B Hero. 14 raxa rofi peuaBa Aa 3anoq-ne ga pa6oru r Aa il3nor3Ba cBoero euo6paxeHue,3a Aa Bb3poAvtazw nsry6eHa Murororufl. llperapeaqflnoro nrro Ha 1914 r. ganeue B pro3anaAHara qacrra AurnuR. flo epelae Ha BaKaHqilrra cil TaM HanucBa,,lltrysaHero na EapeH4un BevepHuqara" (TheVoyage of Eiirendel the Evening Star). Or4aeaHero uaTonxuH K'bM cb3AaBaHero Ha Muronorun 3anoqBa Hanuuu o6oporr4 uMeHHo c rasn reop6a.

    IlpexclrnnnaHuqra npe nofinaraTonrun npeKapBa Abnro BpeMe c npilflrerilre cil or

    uy6a T.C.B.S. u u3rflexAa qe re ilMar orpoMHo Bnil-FHhe Bbpxy Hero. 3a Aa AeMoHcrpupa ceonra 6na-foAapHocT K'bM tpynaTa, or Koflro HayqaBa ToIlKoBauuoro ueqa,,{xoH 3anoqBa Aa nuue noe3[fl. llo roeaepenae ua6yxea ra flupeara cBeroBHa eofiHa. AHrnunBnil3a BbB eofiHara cperqy lepnaar-rvA, a 4+na Eeponae xBbpneHa B nponacrra Ha xaoca. lz1 goraro noee-qeTo MnaAu Mbxe ucKaT Aa ce npuc'beAt4HflT KbMapMuflTa, TonxuH npoAbnxaBa c yqeHilero cu B yHtA-Bepcurera,3a Aa ycnee Aa 3aBbpull4. llo ouoea epeueAefrcrea pa:nope46a, cnope4 Koflro u3nbrHeHueroHa BOeHHa nOByIHHOCT Ce OTnara AO 3aBbpUBaHeTO

    Ha o6yveHuero, r ,[xoH ce Bb3nofl3Ba or ro:n Saxr.flpea oHr 1915 r. TonruH nonyqaBa cBoflTa creneH6e: npO6nerrnra. Bpervre e Beqe Aa or6re eoeHHara cytcnyx6a. f'lonyvaea Ha3HaqeH[e B nexoreH 6aranuoH,,flaHraunpcxure crpenqn" (Lancashire Fusiliers). BHaqanoTo Ha cneABau{aTa roAhHa 3anoqBa Aa ce HHTe-pecyBa or KoAoBe ra ura$pra yr ycnrBa ga craHe oQu-qep 3a cBpb3Ka e 6aranuona. luls4uruar e Ha ro3h nocrBeAHara cneA Karo peuaBa, ve rpn6ea Aa ro 3aeMe.

    C paeurnpneaHero Ha eofiHara Tonxru 3anor{BaAa Mucnv ra 6par c EAvrI, npeAil Aa 6rge r,rnparenHa QpoHra. OceeH roea, 3a Aa Harpyna il3BecrHoKonuqecrBo cpeAcrBa, rofi peuaea Aa npo4aAe cBo-ure crvlxoBe. llpra4o6urea caMoyBepeHocl Koraro"Eneryen" 3aKynyBa,,Tanacrucxn crbnKh" (GoblinFeet), Ho BcuqKyr ocraHarn noeMu, Kohro r3npaqaHa n34arertaTe, ca orxB'bpreHil u B'bpHarh o6parno.Ha 22 mapr 1916 r. TonxnH n Egut cmovear 6paxB Karonr4qecKara KareApana e Yopyrr. Ka:ear, veoreq Moprau, xoriro rn pa3Aenff npeAu ABe ro1t Hu,npilcbcTBa Ha qepeMoHl4flTa v UM noxeIaBa BCytrtKOgo6po.

    Ha 4 oHrrr, npu6nvzvtenHo ABa Meceqa crreA cBar-6ara, TonxnH 3aMuHaBa 3a BoeHHoro noApa3Aene-Hile e Erann ete OpaHqrrrn. llo-xrcHo B3eMa yqacrhea 6ilrrara npn Corvra Karo paA[cT.

    Camo npea nbpBr4fl AeH Ha npoqyrara 6utra zaru-ear 20 000 anrnthcxtrr eoiuuqu, a 58 000 ca paHeHt4.SofrHoro nofle e qnnoro noKpr4To c MbprByl rera, aBbB Bb3Ayxa ce Hocr4 or6nucxeaqara Mnpil3Ma Hapa3naraqa ce nrbr. lne4xara

    ^ nlpeara cBeroBHa eofna - 6urxaranpr Coua npe3 1916 r.

    - OrK'bc or pbKonnca Ha rperhfl

    ToM Ha rptrnorunTa "BnacrentrHbrna nprcrerure"

    - "3aeptqaHero Ha

    xpanr'i flovepxlr e xa camrs Tonxrr.MHoro or HeroBnre nucMa r pbKonucnce npeArarar no ayKqnoHh npe3nocne[HuTe roauHx.

    Cnnctx c npou:eegesunra sa Tonxux u roiquHure

    Ilrqnane BDB BlreueroM14TO'lOTUf TA TONKUH BbB BPEMETO

    Teopvecrrre 3aHnMaHhfl sa Tolxun 3anoqBar cbc crt4xorBopeHn+ra, KouroHanucBa. Te ca eKnoqeHu B no-KbcHure my reop6r,r, a rexHilflT 6pofr ecuquocr ceflBnBa p$ynTar oT tlfiIocrHl4f npoqec Ea cb3AaAe uclopufl Ha e3t4qure, Kor4ror43Mr4olfl. ,[xor aanovsa ga rra cu6npa Ha eAHo Mffcro B ,,Cunmpnnnou" (TheSilmarillion). Toft etenamepnaa fla cbrBoph eAHa HoBa Mt,rronorur, Ho co6creeHnnruy nep$exqr,ronh3bM ce oKa3Ba npeqKa, ero 3aqo rBopqecKure Myycunnn npe4npn-euar neouaxeau o6par.

    Tufr raro nilcaHero ra,,Cunuaprnuox" ce oxaEaa B 3aAbHeHa ynw1a, roh uanuzac HoBa uflef. Bcexn ru1, Koraro crara Aeqan Aa cnnr, r4M pa3Ka3Ba necxopa:6rapa-eMu, npocrnqKu nphKa3Kil, a He croxxu, no4o6Hr na re3u, Kot4To e 3anounan e,,Cun-mapunuon'i Ha cae4eaqur geH Tonxuu Han[cBa pa3Ka3 3a cBof, cuH [xoH, xofiroe utry6un nnrclueHoro cll Kyqe. TR e osarnaeexa,,Poyerpaugrrvr" (Roverandom) r,rpa3Ka3Ba 3a egHo Kyqe, Koero pa3rHeBflBa 3bn u no4bn MarbocHr4K u rofi ro npe-Bpbqa B nrpauxa. Bnocne4crBue MoMqero ry6u ceonra urpauxa. Tonxux :a6enRsea,qe Aeqara ce paflBar Ha HeroBrfre npilKa3Klt 14 roBa ro cMMynnpa fla Hanuue Apyrunogo6nra reop6ra u Aa cb3na4e repon, Kol4ro ce npeBpbqar B gercKl4 nrc6muqu, xaroHanpuuep Totvr 6orvr6agran. Eoraroro elo6paxeuue Ha nucareflR Aocrnra cBofl Bpbxe,,Xo6ul' n,,Baacrernrrr ra nptcrenmre'l

    Tonxun ocraBtcBor ueAboBbp,Cu nttiapu nvton"resasupuren. Hero-euat cult u nah-ronf,M noquTaTeIKpucro$rp cu6upaBCUqKU MaTepUa'lU,HanucaHu or 6ar4aMy 14 cBbp3aHh noHf,KAKbB HAqUH CbC

    ,,Cnnmapnnnon", uTaKa npou3BeAeHh-ero e 3aBbpueHo ra ny6nuxyeaxo npels"1977 r.,[o ronRma creneu 6raro4apeHue Haycnnu+ra Ha HeroBr4fi cllH AHec ecruxu rsop6u na Tolxux ca gocrunrn ra SeuoeereMy B qfln cBrr. He rpn6aa pp ce npene6persa u HayqHurr npuHoc Ha nucarerr, KaroHanpfiMep pegaKqunra ua,,Clp Fayeilr u 3eneuun pr,rqap"-reop6ara, Koflro qerar rrcera cryAeHTr4Te no aurnuficxa Qmonorun.

    "C:bp layefrH n 3eneHnF pnqap"

    "BnacrennHtr sa npbcreHnre"(The Lor! ofthe Ring),roru l "3a4pyrara ra nptcreHa"(The Fellowship ofthe

    "Bnacrenustr sa nplcrenrarel'(The Lord ofthe Rings),totvt 3 "3agoruasero sa xoang" (The Return ofthe

  • rii]-";:'i,#.iiiir l.iii.;,

    npeAcraBflFBa aA Ha 3eMrra, r TonKuH HilKora HfMa4a ra6paeu BuAflHoro.

    Toir He npueMa norqxoAa 3a r-bpceHe Ha anero-pLl4 B cBoure npovr3Be4eH[fl, Ho Bceta3Becren $axre, qe e HeB'b3MoxHo 3a eAuH aBrop Aa nuue 6e: uuHafi-manxo Bnr4flHue or crpaHa Ha co6cteeHu xurefi-cKu npexnBneaHun. Ero 3aqo ce cMnTa, r{e eofrHara14 Br4AflHoro B HeF or TonxrH, e orpa3eHo B Tpilno-ruRra,,Bnacrenu Hbr Ha npucreH rre'i Cnope4 nn xouo6palur Ha CalaosHail MarZranep, xotlro npr4py-xaBa u noMara Ha rnaBHvln reporZ Opogo SeruHc eqenuF pa3Ka3, npeAr3BuKBa B cb3HaHnero o6pa:raresa anrnvittcxtttre eoftHuqn B HeroBufl 6aranuon, xumKO]4TO U3nUTBa OTpOMHO yBaXeHUe.

    floc;reAnoro )r(eJrarr[e Ha 6ru3bKrrpr{flTeJI

    ,[pyrrrrre ABaMa KnoqoBr yqacrHt4qt4 e c6rpxurreHa rpynara T.C.B.S., AxeQpra Cmur u Po6tpr fnncuH,3aruBar Ha 6oilHoro none. lpegr Aa ce cnyqr roBa,Cmur u:npaqa na TonxnH nucMo, Koero cnyxu Karoceoeo6parHo 3aBeu{aHue, AaBaqo Ha ,[xon peuu-TerHocrra, or KoFTo nMa HyxAa, 3a Aa npoAbnxilTBOpqecKuTe cil HaqilHaHilfl npe3 ocTaHaraTa qacror cBofl xr4Bor. Trtfi raro npeAcrot4 caMuflT TonxunAa yqacrBa e 6rrxara npra Corua, cbqecrByBa rorflMaBepoflrHocr ra rofi 4a 6rr4e y6nr. Cnacer e Ha npaK-TrKa or rpecKa c Heu3BecreH npor3xoA. BofiHuqure

    n Hapuqar,,oKonHa rpecxa'i TonxuH ce pas6onneaHa 27 orro^repr 1915 r., a 6onecrra ce pa3BvlBa uHe orMuHaBa. l4rnparen e o6parHo e AHrnhR Ha 8HOeMBpl4, r$Aero ocraBa a 6onHuqa e Eupnauuram.3anoqea Aa nuue nbpBl4fl cil c6opHt4K c nereH4u Ha6onHr.{Horo nerno. 3anucKure Ha nilcarerfl, Aaru-pau.14 or roBa BpeMe, ca o3ailaBeHvr "The Book ofLost Tales" (KHura Ha usry6eHure npeAaHun).

    flpou:eegenrero pa3KpuBa no4po6Hocrra 3a cb3-AaBaHero Ha BceneHara ra o$oprvtnHero Ha 3euRra vtnpoAbnxaBa c pa3Ka3 ta enQuvecxrre cKbnoqeHHuKaMbHh

    - cr4rMapnnu. l4croprzrnra e nogpo6Ha ra

    3anrereHa, c MHoxecrBo repoil vl 6oroee, Kol4To cra-Bar no-KbcHo t43BecrH t4 B Tpunof nfl Ta,,Bnacren nHtrHa npbcreHrre". E4Ha or qenure, Kot4To ct4 nocraBfTonxuH npu cb34aBaHero Ha ra3n rBop6a, e npe-AocraBflHero Ha ucropt4fl Ha e3nKa ,,KyeHn'; KofiTocb3AaBa r 3aBbpuBa Ha npaKruKa npe3 1915 r.flucarenRr nocBeu{aBa qenilfl cl4 xl4Bor Ha cb34a-BaHero Ha qapcrBo Ha $aHTa3ilure, a ocHoBure Hae3t4llnTe, roBopeHu B To3vl t43Ml4cneH cBflI' KaKTo 14HeroBara ucropvlf, npocrvlpaqa ce B npoAbnxe-Hne Ha HFKOIKO Xl4tlflAoneTrF/ MoraT Aa ce oTKpt4flTe,,CnnmapnnraoH" (The Silmarillion). Onpe4eneHnQparmenrra or reop6ara ce B3eMar tt Aopa3BuBaror eto6paxeHnero Ha TonxuH, 3a Aa HaMeprr cBo-ero Mflcro e,,Xo6nr" (The Hobbit) u,,BnactennHtt HanprcreHure" (The Lord of the Rings).

    r OaHracruqen :ane: e KopHyon,nponur c npKocepBeHa cBernnHa.Iogo6rn net)t:axu oxnensatB Mhronorutra sa Tonxus.

    v BoiHrqn B oKonil no BpeMe Halltpeara ceerosra eoira.

  • Enn Ha cb3tAhaHne n Hay'-{Ha pa6oraEnrycua:ubr or HoBrrfl )rcr{BorTTAoKATo E B ApMI4trA, Tonrun He Milclu 3a HhuloApyro il e il3qflno o6ce6eu or Mr4c-bnra cil 3a no-cKo-poLrHo 3aBpbr{aHe e OrcQop4. XeraHhero My ce oc-b-LqecrBflBa c Kpafl Ha f1'upeara cBeroBHa eoraHa npe:1918 r. llo BpeMe Ha BoeHHnfl xou$nnxr yHilBepcn-Telbr BpeMeHHo npeKparFBa npoBexEaHero Ha 3aHfl-rv+, Ho TonxuH ycnflBa Aa cu HaMepil pa6ora xaroqacr or peAaKqiloHHt4n eKhn Ha OrcSop4cKr4t pev-HHK Ha aurnthcxwa erux. C Kpafl Ha eofiuara, ua 1 1roervepu, rorir nonyqaBa il pa3peueHue Aa ce 3aBbpHeBbB Bucuero yqilnilule. lo4uHa npegil ToBa ce paxAaHeroBilfr cuH lxoH OpaHcnc Pyen TonruH. TonxuH-crapuil e Ha 26-ro4uurHa B-b3pacr. Harl-Harpan nony-LraBa Bb3MoxHocr Aa e 3aeAHo cbc cBoero cel/erlcreo-

    uarruR lxoH il cbnpyrara EArr, rosro HenpecraHHoce Monn cbnpyrbr fi 4a ce 3aBbpHe xilB 14 3ApaB or$ponra. lz1 raxa geauara 3anoqBar HoB xuBor B K-bulanoE HaeM, HaMnpaula ce na ynlrqa,,CerZHr!xon"No 50,B rpagqero OxcQopg.

    t-lpe: 1919 r. ceMerlcreo Tonxms ce npeMecrBar BcBoF HoB AoM, il3nbrHeHil c ulacrile, qe uuar co6-crBeHo AoMauHo orHr4qe. [xoH e y4oBrerBopeHor pa6orara cu Karo peAaKTop, a no-KbcHo Ka3Ba,qe e Hayqun MHoro noBeqe no BpeMe Ha ABeroAilur-Hl4fl cil npecroft Ha ro:u nocl orKonKoro npe3 BceKhApyr nepiloA or cBofl xr4sor. OceeH roBa AaBa qacrH14ypor-1r4, Kor4To AoHacFT 3HaqnreflHh AoxoAu. lleqenuTOTTKOBa MHOrO CpeACTBa KaTO qaCTeH yquTen, qeAOpr/ MOXe ,qa cil no3Bonil Ea ce oTTernil oT 3aeMa-HaTa AnbxHocT B peAaKqiloHHilfl eKun Ha peqHflKa.To r7r n pogrnxa Ba c n ilca Hero ua,,Cunma prn raoH" (TheSilmarillion) e ceo6ognoro cr BpeMe, a nocfie npe-xapea 6ea6poil qacoee Hape4 B Kny6a :a nilrepa-rypH14 qereHilr e"Excerup KonyrAx'i qerefixil Ha rraccb'-rrHeHrflra cil npeA cTyAeHTcKa ayqtAropvq.

    lxoH orroeapff c r43BecrHo 3aKbcHeHue Ha noKa-Hara Ha YHueepcurera e llvta1c Aa 3aeMe npenopaBa-TercKoro Mncro B Kare,qpara no aHrnuficxu e3uK t4 nilTe-

    parypa il ycneuHo r43gbpxa npoqeAypara no ur6opa.lzl ruri xaro Egur e orHoeo 6perraeHHa, rorl e nprauygencaM Aa 3aMilHe :a Infigc - ct B t4 MpaqeH ilHAycrpila-neH rpaE, no-ronFMaTa qacT or Lrr4r4To xilTerfi h3Kap-Bar npexpaHara cil Karo Mt4Hbopt4. llupeoHauanuoTonrrn ce qyBcrBa nexo o6rrpxaH n pa3oqapoBaH orHoBoro Mflcro, Ho lbrara My ce 3acnrBa r or $arra, vee npilBr/KHan xrrrv 6yrlnara 3ereHnHa r yceqaHero 3aBrrropnaucxara enoxa, npilcurqo Ha Orc$opA, AoKaro Bflurlgc neqara ca nbrHa nporilBonoroxHocr Ha BcilqKo,Koero e yceqan 6nusxo Aocera. 3a n:eecrHo epeueBoAil HecnoKoeH xLrBoI npexapeatlxtt AenHilqilTe BIlrtrir1c, a yilKeHAilre npil cBoero ceNlreticreo e OrcQopg.Mex4yapeueuHo ce paxAa HeroBilflT eropu cuu. lzluerouy e Ma/rrcr il 3a n'bpBl4n My pox4eH AeH qnnoro AoMo-LraAile ce npeMecrBa e llnhpc.

    To,rrcus -

    [poQecopr,T rlo anr,rraficrcaKaregpara no anrnuilcxvt e3nK B yHhBepcilrera B

    fufigc ace oule ce HaMilpa B cBoero Haqaro, Ho nocre-neHHo ce npeBpbula B chna noA Beqoro pbKoBoAcrBoHa lxopgx lopgru. lzlueHHo licpguH Haroeapea TonruHc npenoAaBaHero Ha qyxAr4 eruqu. Yue6Hara nporpaMae h3rorBeHa no no4o6re Ha ra3il e Oxc$opg. TonxuH3anoLrBa Aa yceqa cMilcbfl B 3aHilMaHilfra cil u B ToBa, qecr4 cTpyBa Aa ce npeB'bpHe B aKTilBHa Lracr or rfx.

    l-1pea 1922 r. MflaAfiFr Epnx Ban'uHrariru lopgrH eHa3HaqeH 3a acucreHT B cbulara Karegpa. Toft e qac-TeH yqeHuK ua TonxrH or BpeMeHara e Oxc$opg rrr 4ea-Mara 3ae4Ho 3anoqBar pa6ora B'bpxy r43cnegoBaren-cKu npoeKT, a MMeHHo

    - npeBoAa Ha enuqHaTa noeMa

    ,,Cup l-ayerlH m 3eneHrs pilqap" (Sir Gawain and theGreen Knight), HanucaHa Ha cpeAHoaHrnvhcxu ezun.fioeuara e ny6nnxysaHa npea 1925 r. or r434arercrBo,,KnapeH4r'n t-lpec" - npecrilxHara rvrapxa ra ny6nn-KaLlilu Ha HayqHil TpyAoBe Ha roflflMoTo r43AaTeIcTBo"Oxc$op4 lOrmetpcuru llpec'i Teop6ara ce cMrra 3a3HaqilTeneH npuHoc B r43cneABaHhflTa/ nocBeTeHu Ha

    ^ TonKhH Abpxil B pbrlere cil roKy-u]o olneqaraH eK3eMnflflp or nbpBorou:Easue sa "Xo6nr" npe: 1 937 r.

    OKc0opAcK14fl r yHff Bepcfl rercKilqerrtp. Tonxrn npeKapBa 3HacrrenHaqacr or cBog xt/Bor ryK h MFcroroMOXe Aa Ce pa3rnexAa KaTo poxAeHo:a rpunorunra "BnacrenilHbrna np-ucterrre".

    F#F#r'rtii'

    ",ty

    ;::

    ,li i,$i*-

    l$,lir,l !'

    P tiltt,;

  • cpeAHoBeKoBHara nuTe-parypa.

    Tonxrn pa6orra tAB-bpxy HRKonKo ApyrilnpoeKTa, Karo HanphMepcbcraBfHeTo Ha peqHnKc apxan3Mu il npeBoA HaApeBHfl npilKa3K[.

    Tonrran 6tpso ce npil-o6r.rlaea KbM cpegara HacTyAeHTilTe, Ha KouTonpenoAaBa. 3aegno cqneHoBeTe Ha cryAeHT-cxna xny6 Ha BuKt4H-rure rotl nue 6upa rqeTe Ha lrac oTK'bcl4 0TBl4KilHrCKn CarU il AOpt4nee TpaArqiloHHil Aer-

    cKil necHM, npeBeAeHu Ha aHfnocaKcoHcKh e3ilK.flouau:uuRr xnBor Ha ceMeftcreo TonxrH e Bce raKail3nbnHeH c lqacrile, a npee 1925 r. ce paxAa rperiltlrnM ctAH KplrcroQrp. Ha 32-ro4uLuna Bb3pacr TonrunnonyqaBa npoQecopcxoro Mflcro no aHrnutlcxr esuru nilTeparypa. llplr6nuanrenno no roBa BpeMe KynyBa14 HoB AoM B npeArpaAilflra Ha flrairgc. ,Quure, npexa-paHil TaM, ca paAocrHt4 n 6e3rpuxHt4, HanoMHnl{il 3aBpeMeHara e Orc$op4.

    Jlureparypnr{flT Kpr,r,rllnrcJruurure"(The Inklings)

    flpe: 1925 r. Oxc$opgcrrnr yHilBepcurer o6ReneaBaKaHrHoro Mrcro Ha rurynflp npoQecop no aHrnocaK-coHcKr4 elur. llrpeoHavanHo uJaHcoBere Ha Tonrun 4a6r4e na6paH 3a Mncroro ca MarKu, Ho BnocnegcrBuenonyqaBa ctr4ran 6porl ilacoBe, KonKoro u HeroBusronoHeHI, a xpatlnoro peueHile cnegBa Aa ce B3eMeor pbKoBo4rrenfl Ha KareApara. Toraaa TonxuH e ua33-ro,quruna B'b3pacr. 7l rara rofr e npenoAaBaren noa HrnocaKcoHcKu e3hK B xonexa,,lleu6poyK" npe3 cneg-BaulilTe 23 ro1vtuw. flpea ntpeara ro4rHa qere 36 ner-l-14u, a 3a BTopara ce uarup6ea c orqe 100 vaca.

    llpea 1926 r. TonxuH KynyBa Kbu{a Ha ynuqa,,Hoprrvryup" a Orc$opg. Tota HenpertcHaro cMeHflMecroxilBeeHero cr4 oule or AercrBo, 6er ga ce ycra-HoBr4 HrKbAe 3a Abnro. flpeuecrea ce B HoBl4ff c14AoM, KbAero npeKapBa nepilofl or 21 ro4nHr. flper1929 r. ce paxAa il MoMuqeHqero, 3a Koero rottKoBaAbnro KonHee Tonruu - Abqepfl my flpucuna.

    Karo npoQecop u rnaBa Ha ceMeficreo,[xoH eogucbBceM o6ttxHoeeH xueor. llo roBa BpeMe ce 3ano3-Haea c K. C.llync, rorlro e HayqeH c'brpyAHt4K B Kofiexa,,MarAanraH'i ,[eauara 3ae4Ho npilcbcrBar Ha c6rap-Kilre Ha qilrarercKt4n xny6 ,,Koyn Eafrrupc'i lpynara eno4o6Ha Ha ra3u B MilHanoro Ha nrcarenfl - o6rLle-creoroT.C.B.S. llo-xucso ce npeBpbtqa B nureparypHo-Ar4cKycr4oHHt4R xny6,,Wnrruvrure'i 9neHoeere fi enilsarB pa3ropeqeHu ge6aru no nureparypHu reMu, Koeroor cBoF crpaHa ce oKa3Ba AocTa cruMynrpaulo 3a rflx-Hara gerlHocr.

    llper 1930 r. Tonxuu 3anoqBa pa6ora Bbpxy eAHaor nafi-nonynnpHilre cra reop6tt. f1o oHoea epeueroir HenpertcHaro npoBepflBa fi oqeHnBa KaHAilAar-cryAeHTcKr4 ecera. Pa6orara e AocaAHa, orerqilTenHan HfMa rpaft. [1o eAHo BpeMe, .qoKaro npexB'bpnflpa6orrare Ha cryAeHThre, c'bBceM Hecb3HarerlHoHaApacKBa B'bpxy nucra cfie4Hrre gymn: ,,8 e4HaAynKa B 3eMflTa xhBeeue xo6ut", t43Ml4cfleHo qoBe-KonoAo6Ho cbLUecrBo. llo-xtcHo nilcarernr Ka3Ba,ve nao6qo He 3Hae 3aulo e HanpaButl raKa u c'bl4oTaKa He e HaffcHo c npilt-lt4HilTe, noATl4KHaril fo KbMno4o6no 4eticrene. Apacxanrrlrare rray o6ave elpxyKaHAilAarcryEeHTcKOTO ece ce npeBpbl4ar B Haqa-noro Ha HeroBrlF Lueguoelp,,Xo6rar" (The Hobbit).

    lltpaoHavarHo KHHrara ce ny6nvrrysa, 6er 4acbulecrByBar 3aM!4c'bn ilflil HaMepeHiln ra HetTtuo npo-A'brrxeHue. TonxnH ff HanficBa, 3a Aa fl qere Ha rnacHa rprMara cv ct4Ha, il cMflTa, qe Kofaro AocTurHepa3rapa Ha gefrcrerero, npocro qe ilMnpoBt43hpaocraHanara qact Koraro o6aqe noxasea p'bKonilcaHa cBo[4Te Konerh B yHilBepcuTeTa, il3AaTetlcTBoTo,,[xopgx An-uH r buyrau flrrrmureg" HayqaBa 3a Hero ilrrrH$opn4rpa TonxrH, Lle xeflae Aa nonyqil ocraHararaLlacr or r,4cropuflra. llper 1936 r. pbKonncbr e 3aBbp-ueH, a AHpeKTOp-bT Ha c'bllloTo t43AaTencTBo ,qaBar4cTopuffTa 3a npoquT Ha cBof cttH. 10-rogrulHrRrParlHrp xapecBa MHoro npilKnloqeHrflTa e ,,Xo6w".Toea uac-upvaBa H3AarenF Aa ce cbilacil ga ny6nu-KyBa KHUraTa.

    ^ B rpaA fluirAc a CeeePra Axrnnn eyHrBepcilTerbr, Kbgero TonKrH 3aeManpenoAaBaTencKo MflcTo, Aaneq orceoero cerrefrcreo.,qHec rpaAbr enpoqtQrneaq qerrtP ua QunaHcureu uHSopmaquoxHtlTe rexHonornh.YHreepcnrerlr e.l1rfiAc e ocsoeaHnpe3 1 904 r, Ho AefiHocrra MY Bceoule He ce e pa3rbpHana c nbnHa chnano BpeMero, xorato Tonxtan :anoqsaceorra pa6ora rau.

    Kfl.rcqoeo fluqnoctn

    CbP CTEHNUCtp Crenrr bnyuH e AhpeKrop Ha il3Aa-

    TencrBoro, roero ny6nrxyea rpilnofilFTa HaTonrnn

    - "BnacrenhHtr Ha nptcreunre". flpe:

    1914 t. roiA ocHoBaBa "flxopgx Anr'n r YxynuIluunreg", uNuro oSucu ce HaMupar a 6nilsocrgo Eprraxcxran myreft. l4:garencreoro ny6rr-KyBa npeiquMHo reop6u ua cneqnanucru, Egungeu rofi nonyuaBa pbKonilca Ha npoil3BeAeHil-ero na Ton

  • 3a6enexilreneH ycnex,rBracreruHbr Ha flprcreuurettIrMa clupaJroBr.rAeH eQercrHsro:rro AHV cnEA rIyEJrr4KyBAHETo HA,;oEI4T"(The Hobbit), Ha 21 cenreMepw 1937 r., noHAoHcKt4RrBecrH14K ,,failuc" ny6nuxyea nonoxilTenHapeqeH3rr ra rsop6ara, Konro 3anoqBa Ea nphBnrqaqfiTaTencKnf 4HTepeC BCe flO-CYIIIHO il nO-Ct/ltlHo.lltpeoro il3AaHre e npoAageHo Ao HaBeqepilero HaKonega il nonyqaBa Harpa4ara Ha eecrHnx,,Hro lzlopxXepang Tpra6roH" :a nara-4o6para KHura Ha ce3oHaor MraA aerop. ,,Xo6rr" (The Hobbit) e cpe4 Hafi-npoAaBaHilTe KHvtftA Ha cBoeTo BpeMe.

    Crulara roAilHa Tonrun 3anoqBa Aa ntaue,,Bnacrenunur Ha npbcreHilre"(The Lord ofthe Rings),npoAbnxeH ile Ha "Xo6rar"(The Hobbit). Tn e Ea BbpueHa

    [1pe: qnnoro roBa BpeMe He cnilpar u 3aHrMaHnnraMy Karo npeno4aBaren no aHfnr4hcrw elwx tttrrreparypa. Tofi ynopraro npecneABa HaMepeH[ffracu 4a ny6nuxyea ,,Cnnuiapunraon" (The Silmarillion),Ho ro3r4 HeroB npoeKT BKntoqBa e ce6e cu MHoronoBeqe, orKorrKoro qflnara wcropnfr Ha Cpeguara:eti,tR. OceeH Her npoeKTbr cbAbpxa h pucyBaHeroHa Kaprh, reHeaflorilfl n xpoHonorufl. HaquHaHlleroe cnoxHo caMo no ce6e cu, a nep$exqraoHu3Mbr HaTonrun ro Kapa HenpeKbcHaro Aa npaBu il3MeHeHnFh AonbnHeHilfl. lularnex4a qe KHilrara rvroxe 4a 6r4eHanbrHo 3aB'bpueHa B AareqHoro 6-u4erl1e. OceenTOBa il3AaTenflT il3nUTBa pe3epBr no oTHoueHhecroxHocTTa Ha MaTepilflTa B LlflnoTo ToBa HaqilHaHt4e.

    l4:garencreoro,,,{xop4x AnuH n bnyvn Ilutawep"HcKa [a nonyqu AilpeKTHo npoAbflxeHre na,,Xo6vtt"(The Hobbit), ero 3au.lo orKa3Bar 4a ny6nraxyear,,CnnnapunuoH" (The Silmarillion). Caunsr Tonrrn3anoqBa Aa ry6n 4oeepue B cBofl t43Aaren. l-lpe: 1950 r.Aa Ba pbKon uca ua,,Bnacren nHbr Ha n pbcreH yrre" (TheLord ofthe Rings) Ha n3AarercrBo,,Konunc". HeroeusrnpegcraBilTen o6aqe uacronBa 3a cKbcflBaHe Hapa3Ka3a. OveemgHo TonxuH He B'b3HaMepflBa AaocbqecTBt4 HanpaBeHoTo npeAnoxeHue/ eTo 3aulo

    Bb3Ht4KBa HeO6XO4tttvtOCTTa OT npeOCMt4CIffHe HanraHoBere sa ny6nraxyaaHero Ha ,,Bnacrenuuur HanpbcreHure" (The Lord of the Rings). Or camoroHaqaflo TonxuH A'bpxr4 ua nep$exqrrroHil3Ma rHacroflBa pa3Ka3br 4a ce ny6nrryBa B nbnHara My$opma. lzluenno ra3h qepra B xapaKrepa Ha nucarernnpeBp-bqa KaKro nilcaHero, raKa u ny6nnryeauero Hanpou3BeAeHre B eAHo l43TorlilTenHo 3aH4MaHUe.

    CreHnr buyr,rH He Moxe Aa :arup6r,r uHrepeca cil oru3Aa BaHero ua,,Bnacren u ubr Ha n pbcreH ure" (The Lordof the Rings). Torl no4ovyea 3a HecroAure na Tonrunc Apyrure u3Aarenv v Aopvt u3npau.la clou "untAolrt",Kol4To Aa pa:6epar Aarr4 nilcarerrr Bce oqe ilManHTepec or qbBMecrHa pa6ora c HefoBoro r43garercrBo.TonrilH o6aqe ece oqe He e B cbcronHileAa ce orbpct4 orcBoilTe c'bMHeHuF no orHoueHue ua bHynn.

    IIo c;re4noro )r(eJr aHr{eO6uxHoeeHo TonruH e il3qflno norbrHar or

    exeAHeBHHTe cu 3aHuMaHuff e OrcQop4cxnnyHnBepcilrel ero 3au.lo npaKTuqecKil He pa3nonara cBpeMe 3a o6crx4aue Ha BaxHyl Bbnpoct4, KaKro u AanocrnrHe HanpeAbK c ny6nuxyeaHero Ha cBoflTa KHtara.To i 6erycnerLL Ho n peroBa pfl c rl3AarencrBot o,,Ko nnuc".llpes 1952 t cKbcBa BcrKaKBh B3auMoorHouleHhfl cuero. flpes oHl4 cblt4ara ro4uHa TonrnH nuue nrcMoHa Pafiurp bHyuH, cnHa Ha Crennn bHyrH, rorlroMHOrO rOAilHr4 npeAil TOBa il3urpaBa KnOqOBa ponF 3any6nuxyeaHero Ha,,Xo6rar'' (The Hobbit). Tora npil3HaBa,qe pbKonucbr ua ,,BnacrenuHbr Ha npbcrenrrrre" (TheLord of the Rings) Beqe 3anoqBa 4a cu6r,rpa npax. l1ooHoBa BpeMe Pafiuup e Beqe cryAeHr a Orc$op4 raManKo cneA nonytlaBaHeTo Ha n4cMoTo 3anoqBa Aace ilHTepecyBa or ny6nr,rryBaHe Ha npou3Be4eHnero.Ocraea eAilH-eAuHcrBeH pbKonnc, 3a qerrocrra Haxofiro TonxuH n3nurBa npurecHeHur, ero 3aqo toBpbqBa nnqHo na Pafinrp npe3 cenreMBpw 1952 r.

    HaroeapeH cbc cbxpaHeHilero Ha p-bKonuca,PafiHup xenae Aa ro ny6nuryea c Llflnoro ct4 cbpLle n4yLua, Ho ce6e3noKou 3a aBanca, roiroTonxrurpn6eaAa nonyqn. lzls4arencreoro cKntoqBa cnopa3yMeHue cnilcaTellfl/ 3a Aa HaManil pncKoBeTe oT Bb3HylKBaHeTOHa eBeHryanHw nry6w, u Bb3HaMepflBa Aa il3nraril

    ^ Kbqara e Eopuurl xrgeroTonxus xueee, :ao6uxoneHor ropvcra MecrHocr. Toi qecrov3nv3a Ha pa3xoAKh B KoMnaHhFTaHa cBoera cbnpyra..[xon e no6urenHa AbpBeTaTa ,1 cMrra, qe re uMarco6creesa sona n pa:yu. Ka:ea1qe roi Aoph pa3roBapr c rrx.,!tpeecrara uuronorus xa TonxusHaMnpa FpbK r3pa3 BbB,,BnacrenhHbrHa nptcreuure" u pa3Ka3a 3a[rpso6pa4 vr eHTnre - na3ilTentlreHa AbpBerara B ropara BerpoKnnH.

    v KoprL{a Ha aMepuKaHcKoro h3AaHheaa ,,Xo6m", ny6nnxyaauo npe: 1966 rllpeAu roBa B CbeA[HeHhre qaril cany6nnxyeauu unxonxo n:4aurn 6e:aBropcKtr npaaa. flpon:se4enneroHa TonK[H ce nocpella no pa3tiuqHnHaqfiHil B AMepnKa. flo epeue Haeofisara ere BtrerHaM To Aoph cenpeBpbqa B chMBon Ha r4BuxeHneTo3a Mtrp.

    The HOBBITor Thne and Ba& Again

    u J.R. R. TOLKTENIlbtbated b! tlle asrbor

    EOUGHTON MITIIIN COMPNY BOSTONr BrrpeLuHocrra sa 6r6nrorexa B Koffexa "MaprliH'i Tonxnn cecroce ot6nea rau. Bepontno roea e n Mgcroro, Kbgero My xpyMBarBcffqKtr HoBt4 hAetr 3a nocreABaulure reop6r, Konro cbrBopflBa.

  • &&El{il frloMeftflw&&$'4fAo

    r Bcsxa roAuHa Ha 25 gerelitepra geqara Ha Tonxnn nony-. qaBar npeKpacnu nucma or [64o Konega. flper 1920 r.sair. rorieMufr cl4H Ha nucarenn, [xon, xoitro eeqe e HaBbp-.., lrun 3-ro4nurHa Bb3pact, noayqasa nucmo or f54o Kone4a.;, Totu e nbpBoro no4o6no nhcMo, Koero rofi nonyuaea ra.. npa3HhKa. flucmoro pa3Ka3Ba 3a pa3nuqHn npuKnloqe-,., tran na CeeepuutR nonoc. CtgrtpxaHuero Ha nucMoro e'i npocro, Ho c reqeHue Ha lofll4HnTe craBa Bce no-HacuTeHo'l. Enxa rofluxa ro pa3Ka3Ba 3a noMol4HuKa ua fln4o Kone4a,r eAHa HecpbqHa u rpoMaBa noafpHa MeqKa, KoflTo nafla no,., crun6rare, noKaro ce onuTBa Aa pa3AaAe noAapbqu Ha KoJl-

    :, xoro ce Moxe noBeqe xopa eAHoBpeMeHno. Ha oIeEBa-,.,

    'rla* lOAhHa B nUCMOTO ce CnOMeHaBa 3a HaeThfl Or[n4O

    t KoneAa enQ. C yeenravaBaHero Ha 6pon ua nucMara exe-,..'i toa"o 3HaqilTerHo HapacrBa vr 6ponr Ha repoure e rnx. Te

    :,1 cuArpxar cuqo raKa u MapKu c KapruHxu, uro6parReaqu:lr CeeepHnn nonrcc, KaKro 14 pa3fluqeH xanurpaQcxra novepK,. yKpaceH c MHoxecTBo opHaMeHTrl.

    l, [ngo Kone4a uanon:ea BceBb3MoxHl4 HaquHu 3a Aoc-,: raera Ha cBoure nucMa Ao Aeqam Ha Tolxux. floxnrora,:.:a .: . . | , .- ".. r'- it a:l:::i: i l:i , l

    Ha TonKuH xoHopapa 3a KHrrara, il3non3BailKn 3aqenTa cpeAcrBaTa oT eBeHryarlHaTa neqarl6a, KofroMorar Aa AoHecar npoAax6ilTe Ha npou3BeAeHilero.Ero saulo peuaBar Aa pa3AenflT,,BnactenuHtt sanpbcreHrre"(The Lord ofthe Rings) Ha rpu qacrn.

    Bmecro Aa ce il3nnaru Ha TonxnH xoHopap,npeAcraBnfBaul npoqeHr or nprxoAilre or npoAax6a,rofi ule nonyqn nonoBnHara or perucrpupaHaraneqan6a, KoraTo KHvlrara ce oKaxe HaucruHa npoAaBaHa.C gpyru AyMfi t43Aarenrr He npepara Ha TonKilH aBaHc,a aKo KHurara He ce paABa Ha ycnex, To aBTOpbT fi HflMaAa nonyqr HnTo neHu. lzl ecuqxo roBa caMo 3au{orol43Aarenfr npeABD(Aa, qe,,BnacrenhH'br Ha npbcreHure"(The Lord of the Rings) HflMa Aa ce npoAaBa, Ho KaKroe Ao6pe u3BecrHo, npeAnonoxeHtAnra My ce oKa3Bara6conoTHo HeocHoBarefl Hu.

    fltperre ABa roMa Ha npou3Be4eHuero,,,3aApyraraHa npbcreHa" (The Fellowship of the Ring) n ,,,{eererynra" (The Two Towers), ca ny6nnKyBaHh npe3 nflroroHa 1954 r. BuaHursat u HflKorlKo l4HquAeHra' Koraroneqaraprre, cneABafiKn npaBonuca B pe'lHuKa, ceonuTBar Aa Kopurrpar nacaxrre B KHnrhTe, HanncaHuHa e3uLlurre, vl3Ml4creHu OTTOIKUH. fly6nraxyeaHero HaTpeTilff roM oT TpvlnofnfTa,,3aepuqanero na rpann"(The Return ofthe King) e 6ea no4o6Hr cbrpeceHhr.

    ilupeoro u3AaHue Ha nbpBultl roM e B rupax or3 500 xonun, a BTopl4flr roM e Aopvl B no-MarbKTvrpax - eAnH Aocra KoHcepBaTnBeH XOA OT CTpaHaHa il3Aarenfl. cxopo o6ave ce noflBflBa HyXAara oryBenuqaBaHe Ha Tnpaxa.

    TonruH ce orrernfl or npenoAaBarercKoro Mflcro'Koero 3aeMa npe: 1959 r., na 66-rogutuHa Bb3pacr.Cera eeqe uMa Bb3MoxHocr Han'bnHo Aa ce orAaAe HacBoilTe nrreparypH14 3aHrMaHur. lllpennr npeBoA Ha,,BnacrenuHur Ha npbcreHilre" (The Lord ofthe Rings)e Ha xonaHAcKV e3VK, a no-KbcHo npou3BeAeHUeTO CenpeBexAa il Ha ou.le HflKoJlKo e3hKa, npeBptqafixuce e a6conoreH 6ecrcenbp B c'borBerHvlre crpaHil.Mexgyepemeuno r: Cue4uHeHfiTe qaru 3anoqBar Aa

    KOnEAA BCbI4HOCT E TATKOru cKpnBa B KOMnHa, AOKaro Apyr nbr nou{anboHbr Hocl4AHpeKrHo nr4cMatt Ao ABere MoMqera. A roraro nuc-Mara ce octzrBffT B KoMilHa, no KLlnuMa ce ra6ennrearcHexHr4 crbnm. nucMara or !,ngo Konepa npo4tnxa-Bar Aa npr4cr!4rar B AoMal na Tonxuu B npo4brxeHue Ha20 rognnu 6e nperxsaue. B 4eficrsurelnocr rexHuflT6aqa !2tc P. P. Tonrorx e roau, xoino uM l43npaqa nucMaor umero Ha A,RAo Konqga' Koraro nopacrBar' Aeqara pa3-

    6upar ga roea, Ho nffioneMvITe xfianera HuKora He pa3Ba-

    nRt ga6asnesnero qp pa3KpuBaHe Ha ucrltHara npeflno-MaflKure n BcuqKu 3aqHo npoAbnxaBaT C HeTbpne-Hue Aa oqaKBar nhclvliltt. Eeecnopno o6aqe rogu, xoftrosair-uroro ce pagBa xa qnnara ra6aea c potlfll?l Ha [,ngoKonena, e camurr [;r P. P.Tonnas.

    Bcu.rxil tegh nuci/tal Ha nucarerf, Bbmbvn ce e,[p4oKonega, ca cu6panlr B roMqe or rperua crau KpracroQtp uny6nraxyeaura nper 1976 r. noA 3arflaenero"flucua or,!64oKonega'i flracuara Ao luoMellrd Ha rgxxoro ny6nurysane caaApecupaHil eAuHcrBeHo Ao Aeqam na Tonxnn. Cera eeqeBCUqKU fleqa no q9n cBffTcraBarrexHu noryqaTern'

    ^ flbpeoro n:AaHne ua"Oepueplr,Qxafincor Xarvr" (1 949). leHilflT vl ueAboBpl4Te Ha ToflKl4HHe ce orpaHuqaBaT eAhHcrBeHO AO h3BeCTHOTOMy npon3BeAeHne,,Bnactenrxlt xa npr:creurre''Tofi nnue h MHoxecrBo Apyrn ronrh, AoKocBal4natn6nHnre Ha clPqero, KHhrh.

    qr,lpKynhpar nhparcKt4 KOnUfl Ha KHUrara. l-lnn cenre o6xBaHar or He6uBan nHTepec il eHTycua3bM KbMTBOpqecrBoTo Ha TonrnH. Toea Aonacn u 3HaquTenHilnpuxoArl 3a nhcaTenf. He o6aqe QuuaHcoeuRr ycnexe ro314, KOiTO AOCraBfl paAocr Ha aBTopa. Toea, roeroB AeftCrBrrenHocr ro Kapa Aa ce qyBcrBa u{acTnuB'e $arru1 qe OaHracrvlt{Hl4tlr cBff1, KofiTo cb34aBa,ycnfBa Aa noKopt4 tlHraTellcKaTa ayArropl4fl B llflnCBflT,

    Oxono 1968 r. Aeqara Ha TonKuH HanycKar AoMacr. Toi t,i c'bnpyrara My ca Ao u3BecrHa creneHnpl4Bbp3aHh KbM EOpHtuur (nereH Kypopr HaKpal46pexHero), ero :au1o peuaBar Aa ce npeMecrnrTaM. ToaKxH o6hqa c-bnpyrara cu Egur noeeve orBCI4'{KO Ha CBera. Koraro rR yMupa B S0pHtuur nper1971 r.,rcea Hel4acrHo cb6urile ro nprHyxAaBa Aa ce3aBbpHe o6parHo e OxcQop4. Tofr saenHarr 3ana3Bax14B B CbpqeTo cn cnoMeHa 3a cBoflTa cnbTHrqa BxhBora. B rpan ua aerycr 1973 r.TonKuH oule BeAHbx3aM[HaBa 3a 6opHMbr.,QyueeHoro My 3ApaBe o6aqece BrouaBa. Toi yrvrupa Ha 2 cenreMBpl4 cbqararoArHa, Ha 8l-roAiltuHa Bb3pacT, npeA oqilre HacBoure Abulepff flpracuna ra cnn [xoH. flpuvuHa :acM'bpTTa My ce oKa3Ba paK Ha cToMaxa.

    llpez 1977 r., 4 rogwunt cneA HeroBara cMbpT' ceny6nnryea He3aBbpueH BapnaHr Ha,,ChnMaphnuoH"(The Silmarillion). Taxa ce ocbulecrBrBa nocneAHaraBoflfl Ha flx. P. P. Tonrnu.

    flo-ronRmara qacr or cBofl xt4Bor roft npeKapBa Bvr3MilCnfHeTo Ha ucropt4l4 3a eAUH $aUracruveH csRr.Eeacnopuo nncarennr npurexaBa Heu3qepnaeMacb3ilAaTenHa eHeprnf, KoflTo My AaBa Bb3MOXHoCTAa cb3AaAe C'bBceM caM ilcTopt4fl, o6xBaqaqa xvnq+vtfoAr4Hl4, KaKTO 14 HflKOTIKO e3UKa. TOfr HnKOra He6rpea, roraro craBa Bbnpoc 3a BpeMero tAyoAnvrra,vl3t4CKBaHr OT npilKa3HUfl MyCeRr. Hecl^4HeHO MOXeAace TB'bpAvl, qe TonKrH ycnf Ba Aa nonyqil ,,BeqHocTTa';3a Kofro TonKoBa cilnHo KOnHee, u3pa3eHa B np6oBTaHa 6er6pofr noqrrareru B qfln cBflr.

  • CtpyKTy paT a Ha Mrrr?rrrH vrne3r4K Vt r,rcTopI4flCeerbr Ha "BracTenrrHb-T Ha rrpbcTeHTonxun cMflTa, qe KbM e3r,rqr{Te, Korrro c63AaBa, cneABa Aa ce Ao6asvrvrrflxna co6creeHat4croprtfl,. Tofi zrua cbrqo rara avr6zqvflTa Aa cb3AaAe Mr,rroJrot[r Ha poAHoro cpr Mr{croe AHrnus. flrpnonauanlavar gaMvrctJr e ra3r{ MlrroJrorrlr.4a HaMepr.r cBor 3aB6prrreKn,,CzmuaplrrvoH" (The Silmarillion), Ho Brrocne.4crBr.re roBa ce cn) {Ba c,,Bracreflr,rHbrI{a rlpbcreHIare" (The Lord of the Rings). Karsa roqHo $anrasrax oxr.rBrBa or pbKarana,{x. P. P. Tonxun?

    d4r't tt .,J

    '"{" gr t}/wF".

    Pa:Kasrr 3a rrpbcreHrrre,Xoszr GHE HoBBIT) e ny6nr,rxyeana npe31937 r. llocne4eana e or,,3agpyrara ua npucreHa"(The Fellowship of the Ring), ,,,[eere rynra" (TheTwo Towers) rzr ,,3aepur4anero Ha rpana" (Returnofthe King), orneqaraHil B nepuo4a Mex4y 1954vr1 955 r. Tpure roua 3aeAHo cbcraBnRear,,BnacrenuHurHa npbcreHilre" (The Lord of the Rings). Ax. P. P.Tonruu e ruHrBilcr 14 yHuBepcurercKil npeno4aBarene Oxc$op4. (Dauracruqurre vcroptlt ca xou6uHaqunor 3HaHilero, Koero e ct6pan, h orKptArt ATa, Hanpa-BeHr qpe3 Kpl4Tl4qeH npoqur Ha reKcroBe.

    fleficreuero Ha rprnorfiffra ce pa3BuBa e Cpe4Hara3eMff, pa3nonoxeHa MexAy EnaxeHoro qapcrBo,no4o6Ho Ha par, n Morunrrre pu4oee egun6raHure Ha3eMara. MHoro, MHoro orAaBHa enQrvecrure KoBaqilHa Eperuon fi3KoBaBar BceBnacrHure npbcreHu

    - Maril-

    qecKn npbcTeHu, KoytTo AaBar ctAna vyMeHVa Ha Hoce-u{ure ril u uMar onpe4eneHu e$erru Bbpxy rfl& a Bno-creAcrBile re ca pa3AaAeHu Ha enQure, Kpanere Haxopara I Axy4xerara. Hafi-uorur4rrrnr cpe4 BceBnacr-Hure npbcreHn e E4uHcreeHuFT npbcreH, [3KoBaHrariHo or CaypoH B nequre na Opo4pynn (Cu46oeHnneptx) rrr AapflBau{ A'bflbr xuBor, rpaHfiqeu] c 6eacutp-Tue, KaKTO 14 BIaCT HaA BCr4r{Kt4 Apyril MaruqecK4 npbc-TeHu r qfnara CpegHa renn. E4Ha no eAHa pacilTe BCpegHara:emfl nona4ar no4 Bracrra ua CaypoH. B pas-rapa Ha re3il ct6wva ce Soprvrrapa curcr uexgy enSu uxopa il 3anor{Ba 6op6a ra oceo6o44eH[ero Ha cvntATena 4o6poro. flo epeme Ha eAHa or 6urxnre Vlcun1yp- Kpanflr Ha loHgop, orcnva E4rHcrBeHrfl npbcreHor pbKara Ha Caypon. Enaro4apeHrae Ha roBa cbto3bruexgy enQra u xopa yAbpxa no6e4a Ha4 Caypon, Horurl xaro npbcreHlr He eyHutloxen, no6e4ara uM HaAMpaqHilfl rocnoAap He e nbrHa. Vlcwngyp ce onurBa AaHocu E4uHcreeHtan npbcreH u ro o6RsRga:a ceoR co6-GTBeHOCI HO MafilqecKaTa My cilna AoBexAa Ao Hefo-Bara cMbpT.

    h raxa flpucreHbr ocraBa cKpt4T B Heu3BecrHocr BnpoA'bnxeHile Ha ABe xilnflAonerufl, AoKaTo ce o3oBaBaB pbqere Ha xo6nra Ern6o SeruHc. Tofi ro gaea Ha cBoffoc],'rHoBeH HacneAHrK opo40. Toea actulxocr e Haqa-

    roro Ha pa3Ka3a ete,,BnacrennHbr Ha nptcrenrre"(The Lord of the Rings). @pogo HayqaBa or Marboc-Hnxa langan$ 3a ilcn4HcKan cbu.lHocr t4 crna Ha npbc-reHa, Ao roriro CaypoH TonKoBa orqarHo ce onilTBa Aace 4o6epe. 3a 4a aaquru Opono, [aH4anQ ro u3npaqaAa orHece flprcreHa 3aeAHo c rp[Ma ppyrv xo6wn eenQuvecxoro Bna4eHue flomr,r4on

    - AoMbr Ha nony-enQa EnpoH4.

    Crqecreyea eAuH-eAuHcrBeH HaqrH Aa ce 3anfiqu3aBrHaril cunara Ha flpucreHa

    - rofi 4a 6tge yHu-

    uloxeH B orbHn Ha Opogpynu, Kb4ero e il3KoBaH.Creerul npoBerqeH e flomu4on, peuaBa, qe roBa enurnl xofiro rpn6aa Aa ce cneABa. B nuryeanero cutDpo4o e npuAplDKaBaH or xo6nrrre Cavr, Mepn rllunnn, KaKro 14 or AparopH

    - HacneAHuK aalAcvngyp,

    boporrrrap, en$a fleronac, AXyAXero lnnnv w Marboc-Hrxa laHgan$. Or louu4on 3aApyrara ce ornpaBnxrrvr Mop4op. llo nrrs cu ce c6ntcxea cbc cilnure HaMpaKa, HflKoil ca y6wn u 3a4pyrara e yHilu.loxeHa, aqreHoBere il ce pa:nprcear. Bcil.{ru re o6ave ycnn-ear 4a o6e4raHffT cBoure cvnu v Aa npeo4oneflT npe-nflTcrBr4flTa no nbrn cu. B 4eilcreurerHocr roBa epa3Ka3 3a cMerocrra, xpa6pocrra u npuflTencrBoro,KbAeTO AeBerTe CnbTHrKa Ca foToBl4 BbB BCeKU eAt4HMoMeHT rqa noxeprBar co6creeHrR cu xt4Bor B rMeroHa ycneuHoTo u3nbflHeHue Ha cBoFTa MtAcvA.

    Heur.repnaenrII3TOIIHIIK HAMIITOBETE 3ACpegnara revrn

    B nucmo Ao cBo-rre qrrareru TonxuHonilcBa c u3BecTHaAO3a foptlLlBl4Ha nwn-caTa Ha yHilKanHaMt4TOrIOrilfl OT BT4COKOKaqecrBo sa Anrnua vil3pa3flBa xeflaHilerocu Aa cb3AaAe raKaBa

    ::ilffi"Tflilj,'#,;,.vlliiliiffi,.'"acrerrHbr Nrel

    v Mo:nxtn,,BnacrenngltHa npbcreHnre" B bepnnH npe31 998 r. CneKraKbnbr e nocraBeHHa ocHoBara Ha coxera e,,Xo6nt".Tagu csnuxa noxagea xo6rra6nn6o 6ernxc u MarbocHhKalax4anQ ra cqexa. flpe:2005 r. B AHrnrfl e HanpaBeHauupoxouaqa6ra My3ilKanHanocraHoBKa Ha,,BnacrenrHlrHa nptcreHure'i

    $

  • "Cpatuxo e, qe Axrnnf Hf,Ma co6creexn ucropl4ld ltnu noHeHe or roBa KaqecrBo, Koero ncKaM Aa orKpnn. Toga nMeHHo ce onurax

    Aa AaM Ha cBoflTa po4uHa."

    ii .. 'i ...tI"'

    ^ fpaeopa or XVll a., nro6pa:naaqa nereH,qara 3a Kpan Apryph prqapilre Ha Kpbrtara t'aaca. Cmara ce, ve repoFT AparopH Bt,B,,BnacrentrHbr Ha nptcrexure" e BAbxHoBeH nueruo or xpal Apryp.

    3a poAHnre cra rervrn.,{tn6oxo e ce6e cr rofr enpea, veMhroBere h nefeHrqilTe ca u3pa3 na cu6uruRra, lann-caHu B po4oBara naMer Ha HapoAHocrra. Hanprltepanrnvincrwat e3uK Aareq He e qucr. Koraro aHrnulre vtcaKcrre noKopflBar Epnraunn, KeflTure ca u3TflacKaHuil npilHyAeHr Aa ce 3acerlfr B o6nacru raro KopHyon nYenc, uo BbnpeKu roBa B e3ilKa ce na6nrc4aear HRKot43aeMKu or KenrcKr4fl. ilo eperrlero, xoraro EpurauunnonaAa noA Bnacrra Ha Puucrara uMnepilr, KerrcKrree3ilqH Ao r43BecrHa creneH,,o6e4uRear" :apa4u mno-xecrBoro 3aeMKh or rarilHcKt4fl. llo-rucso vt anrnvtit-cKNffT e3HK npeTbpnFBa HaBnil3aHeTo Ha MHOXeCTBO$pencxra AyMh cneA 3aBraArBaHero Ha ocrpoBa orHopMaHcKure 3aBoeBareril. TonruH cMFTa, qe roBaca ocHoBHhTe npv\t4HtA, nopaAil Kol4To aHffocaKcoH-cKaTa paca e nuueHa or cBoflTa yHuKanHa MilTotlo-rlrn. Cnopeg Hero MvrroBere u rereHAilTe cbcraBnfl-BaT ncThHcKaTa flAeHTilqHocT Ha BcFKa Haquf il caxh3HeHoBaxHu u neo6xo4rMu 3a ncmxonorilqecKoropa3Burile Ha qoBeqecrBoro. CneA roea rofi o6ReReaTeMaTa 3a npHKnoqeHa M peuaBa, qe He My ocraBaHtll{o Apyro, ocBeH caM Aa cb3AaAe MilToIorilflTa, 3aKORTO fOBOpr4.

    llupeoHauanHo TonxrH ce onilrBa Aa npnAaAe3aBbpueHocr Ha ra3il Mtlroflorrr e ,,Cunr,tapwnwoa"(The Silmarillion). Koraro o6ave pat6r,rpa, ue o6xea-rur fi He e AocralbqeH, rotl peuaea Aa Hanuue HoBavtcroptA+, Koflro Aa 6tge npogunxeHile Ha ,,Xo6w"(The Hobbit). lfucarennr He Moxe Aa ce ceril 3a no-go6up ocnoeeH coxer or ro3t4. cBbp3aH c Bp-bula-Hero Ha npbcreHa e Opogpyran (Ct46oenran epux),KbAero e u3KoBaH. CtuRra, qe r4effra Aa ce u3nor3BaE4uHcreeHnnr npbcreH Karo ocHoBHa crcxerHa nIHvlnB qennfl pa3Ka3, e 6punnnrna. flt4catenqr ce u3npaBfl

    o6ave npe4 eAHa ManKa npeqKa. B xpan Ha ,,Xo6rai'(The Hobbit), B nocreAHilre rvry naparpaSn, rotZ cno-MeHaBa, qe 5nn6o EeruHc ocraBa ulacrrlt4B Ao KpaFHa AHilre cv, Kovro npo4bnxaBar 6errpatlHo gunroBpeMe, n He ce oKa3Ba B qeHTbpa Ha Heo6urso-BeHu npilKntoqeunR. TonxnH peuaBa Bb3Ht4KHanr4FH14qoxeH npo6nervr c BbBexAaHero Ha HoB repoi, ahMeHHo ocr4HoBeHilF HacneAHilK Ha 5r,u6o - Opopo.flucarenRr pa3KpuBa HoBt4fl ct4 norneA Bbpxy t4cro-prRra: xo6urur Opogo, Hoceul Ha KpexKilre cil nneu.lrrexecrra ua flpucreHa, ilrpae BaxHa ponn u MaKapqe nbpBoHaqaIHo KHilraTa e 3aMilcneHa KaTo npou3-BeAeHile 3a AeLla, rF 3anoqBa Aa oqepraBa pa3Ka3a 3acilneH no Ayx Mr4rorrorilqeH o6pat.llpu6nu3ilrenHo nocbtloro epeue Tonxun 3anoqBa Aa roBopl4 3a cBoflTareop6a, ranonasatZxu HauMeHoBaHrero,,Bnactenu utrHa np-bcreHnre"

    - aarnaauero, Koero qe tl gage eno-

    creAcrBile.flo apeme Ha cBofl xt4Bor nilcarenffT ycnffBa Aa

    Harpyna conugHl4 no3HaHilr. Tofi e excnepr e Hata-pa3nilr.rHr4 o6nacrn, Karo HanpilMep ryt qKa h pilMcKaMuronof rAF, 6oxecrga Ha ceBepH hre Ha pogu, nereH-AilTe 3a xpan Apryp, KenrcKtl il reBToHcKt4 rereHAkl,rn6ercra MilTofiorilR tA MtATonort a Ha u3qe3HanhRKoHTilHeHT Arnanru4a. [o rarue uaqmH roi orKpilBaonpeAeneHu o6qr aarouu, Kot4To cnoAenflr BcrlqKHur6poeura Mnrororhil. OceeH roea re npoh3Tr4qaror geficrenrenHh r'rcropr4trecxu Qarru n ct6tttua.llpuruep ra o6rLl il3roqHuK HaMilpa orpaxeHue B hcro-pflflra Ha Aparopn eue,,BnacrenilHtr ua npucreHrre'lllocnegHunr HacrregHnK Ha Kpanff npuKphBa ilcrhH-cKara cil caMonuqHocr r ce B'b3npueMa xaro o6uxno-BeH qoBeK oT ocTaHaIilTe, 3a Aa Moxe BnocneAcTBHeAa Bb3craHoBr4 cBoero KparlcrBo u guHacrltR. TalrTeMa MOXe Aa Ce OTKphe B HflKOnKO M]4TOnOfill4, BKnlo-qilrerHo 14 B flereH4ilre 3a Kpan Apryp. lpyr nphMepe ro3u Ha cqyneHun Meq, KoilTo ce il3KoBaBa HaHoBo Hce npeBp-bula B cnMBoIr Ha KpalcKara BflacT - npaBo,npuHagnexaqo no poxAeHue. flo4o6eH ctlMBorlMOXe Aa Ce OTKphe B HFKOflKO rereHAU, BK,IlotlrrenHoB ra3u 3a 3rar$pr,rg. Maruocnurur lauganQ HanoMHflHa MepnuH or nereHgilre 3a Kpan Apryp, xaxro n HapeanHara ilcropilqecKa rilqHocr - MoHaxa Alryul,yBaxaBaHilF cbBerHhK Ha Kapn Bennxr. Cqeuara,B KOflrO EOpOrUnp eO[n 6tttra Ha xnBor t4 cMbpT HHaAyBa cBoR roBeH po; e ceoeo6pa3Ho Ha4rpaxgaHeHa enh3o4a cbc cM'bprra Ha PonaH B egHotlMeHHaraenuqHa noeMa, Bb3nfBaula ucropt4qecKvlre Eena B'bBBpeMeHara ua Kapn Benurn.

  • ^ BrcynKa Ha BnKhHrn, Aarnpaqaor lX B. OrKpnra e B rpo6Hilqa Ha xeHaB lllBeqnr. CTaryerKara A'bpxn MeqB AnCHaTa Ch pbKa h .nbK B I9BaTa.Tri xaro Hocu Kpbrbn ureM, ce cMflTa,qe e HanpaBeHa e vecr ua 6or OgnuoT Te3h, KOI4TO rO noqhTaTn 6ororeopnr

    - Kaprr4Ha or XVI e., n:o6pa:neaqa

    csar6ara Ha lotona u Dnnrep -

    6oroee or pnucxata mnronorrg. BopArAHanHwA unr 6paxtr nomexpyuu e 6ent:ax or notBara Ha 3rarHun6tnxu, ro e lo:n sapraHr lonurepcrara npbcreH Ha pbKara Ha lOpoHa.

    ( O4nx e erpxoaHrsr 6or s uuronorhffTa Ha rep-MaHxre. Toi ceAta Ha rpoH B Haf-BentrKonenHara3ana Ha Banxana cbc 3flareH uneu u a :narxa 6poxn.O6pa:tr ra lau4anQ e vacrnocr e noBnhrH or HeroBbB BbntrbrqeHilero uy xaro "6po4xllKbr" - crapeqc egxo oxo, gtnra 6fna 6paAa, uanKa c uupoKaneprQepun r xe:tn.

    3a6ennsear ce u MHoxecrBo o6qil qeprylMexAy r43Mr4CneHUR CBflI, Cb3AaAeH OTTonxur, 14 Mr4ToBere Ha ceBepHure Hapogl4,KOr4rO OKa3BaT BnilflHl4e. cnOpe4 CKaHAU-HaBCKaTa MVJOnOfVfl CbqeCTByBa MRCTO,Koero ce o6ilTaBa oT cMbprHr4re u ce HapuqaMurgrap4 a 6yKBanHnnr npeBorq Ha HauMe-HOBaHnero e "cpeAHa 3eMn': ocBeH roBaenoure ca rilnuqHl4 o6pa3u or Mt4Toflorr4flTaHa ceBepHnre HapoAu, noAo6Ho Ha AXyAXe-TaTa, KOyTTO Cbrllo UMaT CBOeTO CbOTBeTCTBne

    B CnOMeHaTaTa MUTO'IOTUfl.

    OceeH roea qeHrpanHara reMa 3a llpucreua xarot43TOqHylK Ha BnaCI KOfiTO Aa Ce il3nOI3Ba 3a I-OCnOACTBOHaA CBeTa, BCbt4HOCr He e OpUrUHanHa ilAefl Ha ToIKl4H.Or He:anouHeHu BpeMeHa ce cMfl'Et, qe npwreHnre npr-TexaBaT cBpbxeclecTBeHa cilna, eTo 3aqo Te qecro npu-cbcTBar B pa3nhqHu Ml4roBe u fiereHAu. flprvrnara, cronqa 3aA pyxBaHeTo Ha Morbu{aE HflKora BeHeqnaHcKapeny6nrKa, e npbcreH, a o6flBflBaHero Ha XaHa AApK 3aeperuqKa cbAbpxa o6BuHeHufl, qe Tf e Beu{hqa, [3nofl3-Bana npbcreH,3a Aa HanpaB4 Marilfl. floAo6Hr4 npuMepylHt4 KaparAa BflpBaMe, qe B EBpona cbqecrByBa HeMarbK6pofi rvruroee ra nereH4u, B qufrro qeHrbp 3anfra o6pa3brHa npbcTeHa n BJracTTa, KoflTo AaBa. Tor.tHo ToflKOBa, KOI-KOTO il pa3nflTueTo Ce pa3rnexAa KaTo cylMBolt Ha xpuc-TI4FHCTBOTO,ftTKa U npbcTeHuTe ce cMflftlT3a 3Hallr B e3il-qecKuTe BRpBaHufl.

    lzl:uexgy ecuuKu eBponeficKr4 nereH4il 3a npbcreHilreTonxuH ce uHrepecyBa Hafi-MHoro or re3u, B Kot4To re cen3noI3BaT KaTO C]4MBOI OT BOt4HilTe BUKUHI| . BUrnHrUrece npeKnaHflr npeA oAilH

    - eAHOOKt4fl 6Or, vrerO npo-

    3Bt4qe e,,6or Ha np'bcTeHure'i B npo4tnxenne Ha MHoroBeKOBe XpyrcIrflHcKt4Te Haquil B Eepona ce HaMilpaT noAHenpecraHHa 3aruaxa oT cTpaHa Ha BUK[HrilTe, 6010T-Bopfl4l4 O4uH. lzltueHHO re3u BflpBaHrf BAbXHoBflBaT

    Tonxrn:a cur4aBaHero Ha npbcreHa Ha 3roro, np[rexa-BaH Or MpaqHhfl rocnoAap caypoH.

    Arrdnuunre Ha eAnH Jrr{HrBr{crTonxrH TBbpAt4, qe He ce cMflTa 3a cb3Aaren Ha

    ra3u ucTop]4fl, 3auloTo rfl BVHafv e cbqecTByBana.HecunaueHo nhcarernT ocraBa BepeH Ha $oprury-IlUTe U MOTl4BnTe, npucbcTBaqu B ApeBHuTe MuToBeu nereHAu, Ho Tofr AO6aBR C'bt4O raKa KbM CBOF pa3-Ka3 eAHa aneropl4fl 14 uMa 3a Llen peanucTl4qHo B'b3-npoil3BexAaHe u npeAcTaBfHe, KoeTo Bcbu.lHocTAaBa X4BOT Ha yHhKanHhfl CBffI' Cb3AaAeH Or Hefo.Pe:ynrarrr e eAHa r3KnoqhrerrHa caMa no ce6e cta,43nbrHeHa c'bc 3anoMHflt{il ce o6pa3il, TBop6a.

    Tonxnu 3aflBFBa, qe 3a Hefo e3nKbr e ocHoBonora-ralq 3a Bcl4r{Ku Heula/ a nbpBl4qeH il3pa3 ncTopl4rTeHaMl4par B AaBaHero Ha ]4MeHa. PaEnnqHrre rono-HUMIA t aHTponoHnMu, nphcbcrBar4[ B He3a6paBil-M14fl My ueAboBbp, Hen36exHo npnTexaBaT cBoeco6crBeHo 3HaqeHne, Karo HanpilMep uMero Ha enoaIeronac, cbcraBeHo or nilHrBucrr4r{Hn ereMeHT[,o3HaqaBau{u ,,3enen nvcT". Ta3v npaKTrKa HecbM-HeHO Ce KOpeHr B OnrTa Ha TonKylH KaTo e3nKoBeAn peAaKrop Ha oKcoopAcKuff peqHnK Ha aHrnufi-cK4fl e3ilK.

    Toea, xoero onpe4eneHo 3acnyxaBa BHuMaHue,e 6orarara ranepnf or t43Kltor{ilTenHo xapaKTepHuo6pa3n, Kor4To rorl il3rpaxAa. OaHracruqHnflT cBflT ecb3AaAeH c orpoMHo 6orarcreo Ha AeTafirru yt crox-Hocr. Io6uMqu Ha nncarenfl ca o6aqe xo6l4Tilre

    -

    cbqecTBa, KoMTO He nO3HaBaT 6UrXara I Ca C BUCO-quHa Ha 9-ro4uunu Aeqa. Te o6pa6oraar 3eMflra,BflpBaT B AO6pOTO 14 UMar CunHO pa3BnTO qyBCrBo 3axyMop.3a cus4aeaHero Ha rexHnff o6pas TonrnH ceBAbXHOBflBa OT 06UKHOBeH4Te CenCKil XOpa B AHrnUf.Cnope4 Hero ManKilFT t4M pbcr e AoKa3arencrBo, qeMaKap u Aa He npurexaBaT uylpoK Kpbro3op, Te cachnHu,34paBn u n3ApbxnrBil. Mepn, llnnnn n Cavr(xo6nrrare, npuApyxaBaqr OpoAo B n'breuecrBr4-ero My Ao MpaqHl4f Mop4op) flrpafr KnoqoBa ponflB npoMeHnilBara 6op6a 3a llpbcreHa. B xpan Ha pa:-xasa Opogo He ce npeBpbu{a B repofi, Ho BbnpeKuBcr4t{Ko l]pucreHur e yHulqoxeH, a CpeAHara 3eMfcnaceHa. O6nxuoeeuoro qncro qoBeuKo qyBcrBo 3ac'bcTpaAaTenHocT 14 c'brtyBcrBme BoAt4 Ao Ta3u pa3-Bpb3Ka, a IMeHHO

    - CneA Kpafl Ha CBOeTO npl4Knlo-

    veHue Opo4o nprApyxaBa en$nre ra l-aH4anQ rrmEnaxeuoro qapcrBo.

    Cnope4 xpoHofiorilffTa, Korro ocHoBaBa Tonxuunpr4 cb3AaBaHero Ha cBofl $aHTacrurleH cBffI, eno-xara Ha xopara B cpeAHaTa 3eMR, KbAero ce BoAr4BofiHara 3a flpbcreHa, 3anoqBa B AaneqHoro MilHanonpeAil 9eTilp14 tAnU neT :/JA[AAOTeT14fl . 37 000 rOAytHl4ca u3MuHaril or cb3AaBaHeTo Ha cBeTa. BoilHara saflpucreHa 3aBbpuBa c pa3rpoMffBaHero Ha CaypoH urTOraBa enonTe npeMuHaBar B 3eMilTe oTBbA Mopero.Toea e il Haqaroro Ha enoxara Ha xopara e CpegHara3eMfl. B TonxuHoeara reorpa$nn v vcroptAfl Ha cBeraTo3r oaKT cnyxvt,3a Aa HanpaBu Mocr KbM HauaTaenoxa, B KoflTo ce cbcroflT cb6tATttfl, Karo HanphMepre3n, pa3Ka3aHu B enoca 3a Eeoyno.

  • rAure eAHH npeAcraeuren na Qan-\rfrr.rru"rr xaHp B nureparypara ecbBpeMeHHuK na TonxnH r e Heroe 6nu-3'bK npuflTen. lrlrrtero nry e Kaafie CrefinuncIync, curgarenffT Ha ceAeMToMHvlR l-ll4KbnQanracruuuu poMaHU, osarnaeenn "Xpo-Hr4Khre na HapHrn'i

    Ilync e poAeH e EenSacl CeeePnalApnaagua, na 29 noeuepu 1898 r. Tofi ecuH Ha aABoKar u Ha Abu{epfi Ha cBeqe-uux. Ou4e or 5-roguulua eu:pacr lyucnpeKapBa MHoro BpeMe, vrpaefixtl cuere ero6paxaeMnn cBFr xoiro cau clE-AaBa, u 3anot{Ba Aa HaxB'bpnfl uAeurecu nog Qoplaara Ha orAerHu vtcroptAtl.flo4o6Ho HaTonxun ntofie eAHo u3nbn-HeHo c Meqru MoMqe. Cutprra Ha Hero-eara Maftxa, roraro flyuc e ua 9-ro4uruuaBb3pacr, ce oKa3Ba eAHo t43KnloquTenHo6onesHeHo npexuBflBaHe. Taop6ure uypa3'.{ilTar Ha co6creeHure My penrrilo3Hl4y6ex4enran, Ho Ha MnaArHu Ilytttc cvara,qe xpucTt4flHcTBOTO He e Hhulo Apyro,ocBeH eAHa HoBa MilTonorilF. Ero xaxcruraAO peuJeHneTo Aa il3ocTaBr Bflpara ctA vtce npeBpbula B areilcr. Ha 32-rogutuHaB'b3pacr o6ave rgeure My nperbpnnBarnpoMflHa u roft onroeo ce o6ptr4a rcurvrpenilrunTa. flo-rucro ce 3aHIlMaBa c pa3-nuqHu Her4a: nucaTen, noeT u yHuBepctl-rercKu npeno4aBarer B OrcQop4 u Kefiu-6ptr4x, KaKTo 14 peqeH3eHT Ha KHVrn tAnureparypeH KpttrAK. flpe:1950 r. ny6-nnKyBa n'bpBr4fl ToM or "XpoHuxure uaHapHnA", o3arnaBeH "flteu1 Beu{uqara n4peuuuxrr'i npe3 1957 r. ce orneqarBat4 ceAMaTa nocneAHa KH4ra oT nopeAil-qara

    - "f'locne4nara 6utra", Ilyuc nony-

    qaBa HarpaAara "Kapneru" aa qflnocrHorocr4 TBopqecrBo u ce npeBp'bu{a B eAilH OTt43T'bKHarilTe anrnuhcxn a BTopl4.

    Bga[moo,TxoueH]tn c TorKttH

    flper nocne4HilTe roAvtHt4 or cBoFxueor TonxhFt u llytttc HenpeKbcHaro ceorAaneqaBaT B3ailMHO, pa3AilpaHu oTcnopoBe H pa3HornactAfl, Ho BbnpeKilTOBa He npecTaBaT Aa oKa3BaT Brll4flHneeAuH B'bpxy Apyt onupafixn ce na 4u6o-Koro cvr npilflTercrBo.,[eauara ce 3ano3-HaBar npe3 '|926 r., xoraro flyuc craeaHayqeH cbrpy4Hr4K e OxcQop4cxtta yHtA-Bepcurer. flo oHoea sPeue nuxoft neocraBff 4o6po eneuarneHue y Apyrufl, HoABaMara 3anoqBar Aa ce pas6rapar vrnoroAo6pe, Koraro oc'b3HaBar qe cnoAenFreAHa u c'bqa cTpacT KbM cKaHAnHaBcKaTa

    1950 a. Knaile Cmeilnonc llYucnydnuKyea nbpguf, moM om

    "XpoHnxume Ha HoPHuf,":"flbabm, eer4uqoma

    u dPewnuxom'i1957 z. usnusa cedMama

    nocnedHa KHUaA -"flocnednama 6umKa1

    Mhronorilfl. npet 1927 r. Ilyuc noayqaBanoKaHa Aa ce npucbeArHu KbM nurepa-rypHuF ArlcKycr4oHeH xny6 "Koyn 6afi-rupc'f xonro rofi npuenaa c pa4ocr. flpe:30-re ro4nuu Ha XX e. ABaMara ce npe-Bpbqar BbB BoAeu{h Qurypu Ha nurepa-rypHiln rpr'r "l4uxnunrure'i OceeH roeagpyra o6qa vepra MexAyABaMara e uHre-pec'br t4M rum oQraquannoro o6nexno.Te ce nporueonocfttBnT Ha B'brHara orAeHAr3'bM (or anrnj'dandy" - HaKoHreH,Qpanr), KoRTo Hanarar npeAcraBilrenureHa nureparypHnre cpeAil, Karo Hanpu-vrep Ocrap Yaftnp, ero aaqo .qBaMara cbB-ceM npeAHaMepeHo B'b3npilemar 6eapas-nv.qlvlfl r43qt4creH crt4rt B cBoero o6nexlo.

    Xaparreptr aa Ayuc ro nPeBpbua Br{oBeK necHo noAAaBal4 ce Ha BnilflHile.Hanprruvrep rofi se Kpile cBoFTa Henpufl-run u npegy6egeHocr cnpflMo nuHrBu-cTilTe n KaTon9tLlHTe, Ho BbnpeKn ToBa,6narogapeuue Ha BnunHt4ero ua Ton-run, roft u3MeHfl MHeHrero c14 u no ABererennn. OceeH ToBa qtnocrHoro My orHo-ueHue K'bM pefiurnflTa c'blllo npeT'bp-nnea rpaHcQopMaqrt u rofi orHoeo ceBpbua B noHoro Ha xpucTl4flHCTBOTO Ha32-ro4nuna Bb3pacr cneA Karo fl orpnqaHa MnaAu ro4t HtA. Kareal qe ro3u HeroBxoA e B cnrHa creneH noBnl4flH or r[x. P.P. Tonrnn..[anra e peaKqrf, o6ycnoeeHaoT HeroBoTo noBTopHo noKp'bcrBaHe, unvle B'b3 ocHoBa na et:4eftcreue or crpaHaHa HeFosure npilflTenu, Qarr e o6ave,qe penurilo3HaTa TeMaTUKa 3anoqBa Aa3aeMa r3KtloquTenHo BaxHo MffcTo BHeroBnTe npon3BeAeHufl cneA HacTbnvl-nara npoMflHa.

    Crqecreyear tA Apyrvt BaxHn MoMeHT[e 6nilgroro npuflrencrBo MexAy Ilync uTonxvrH. flpe4noxeHnero na Tonxuu 4apecrpyKryphpa aHrnuficxara KareApa BOxcQopgcxnn yHuBepcurer ce npueMa6narogapenne Ha KaMnaHufl ra, opraHn3u-

    paHa no ro3u noBoA or K. C. flyrac. OceeuroBa npe3 1954 r. flyrac nuu.le 6necrnr4upeqeH3ilu sa "BnacrenuH'br Ha np'bcre-unre" e cnncaHilero 'Tafirvr eH4 Tafig".lzlrrnexga ue flyuc BuHaru ce nphrt4qBaHa noMorl{ Ha cBofl nphffTen.

    Tonxnn LleHil n yBaxaBa Ilync zapagnno3HaHnRTa My no cKaHAhHaBCKa MUTO-nofl A, oc'rpvP'l yM n qeApocrra, KofroAeMoHcrpilpa.,[eamara craBar Aopl4cemeilun npnflrenil. Ka3Bal qe t{ecro cecr6rapar qerar Ha rflac orK'bct4 ot "Cun-uapunuoH" (The Silmarillion) r,r o6clx-Aar B'bnpoc]4, cB'bp3aHr c TexHhTe npo-uaee4ennR. "XpoH14Knre na Hapnras" (TheChronicles of Narnia) o6a'le, npeAcra-BilrerHara reop6a aa K. C. flyuc,4ouacnoce3aeMa npoMfHa BbB B3ailMooTHo-ueHuflTa MexAy ABaMara. Cneg xaro Rnpoqrra, Tonxnn Han'bnHo orxBbpnnn'bpBara KHilra B nopeAvrqara - "flle4Beqilqara u ApeuHilK'br" (The Lion, theWitch and the Wardrobe). Toil o6ncHnea,qe cneA Karo npueMa o6parno xpvlcrl4-flHcrBoro, Ilywc rtcxa Aa Hanilue npil-Ka3Ka 3a Aella, cnnHo noBnuflHa oT xpl4c-Tr4flHcKure uger. TonxrH He e c'bBceMy6egen, qe pa3Ka3'br A'bn)Kvl Bcl4tlKo HaranaHra ua Ilync. llleguoelpr'r xa Ton-KUH 3acflra CBflI, npeAxoxAaq xpucrl4-flHCKara penvfvtF., tA t Ma 3a qen onpeAe-neHa creneH Ha peant43bM, xofiro o6aqeHan'bnHo nilncBa e reop6ara na Ilyuc,npeAHa3HaqeHa 3a Aeqa. Toea uAea AanoKaxe pa3nrqtaflTa ete Sunoco$unreHa flBaMara aBTopt4. Ilyuc ne tAcKa vt Aaqye Kpurr4Kr4re ua Tonxun w ny6nw

  • Apy rvr r43TbKHaTrr rzrrHo cTm, r,r3rr vrrBarrlr4cTpacT KbM uapcTBoTo Ha Sa"Ta3urdreTonruH Bb3HaMep.flBa Aa prapLe Ha poAr4Hara cz Anrnzxlrreitlrra co6crseHa Mr4roJrorux.I4gexrawtyrlperbprltBa pa3Br4TVe u ilpnevra Soprr,rara Ha cBflT, rofiro Aopkr v He cr4 npeAcraBr [bpBoHaqaJrHo.,{ercrure My npexvBflBaHkrfl, ocvryprBar.rrAporo Ha HeroBoro rroBecrBoBaHue, KbM Koero npuiavr'cborBerHure geraitrrkr B 3aBvcr4Mocr or 6orarcrBoro 3nanvrfl, HarpynaHr4 MexqyBpeMeHHo.I4:rrrnaulTe JrrrqHocrvr,3a Kolrro rqe craHe peq B HacrorrrlararrtaBa, cbrrlo cb3AaBar ceoz co6crBeHr4ero6paxaeMr4 cBeroBe.

    Aeropbr Ha " Annca B crpaHara Ha qyflecara", xofiro o6nqanrpure c AyMl4Ilync Kapon (1 832-1 898)

    flyuc Kapon (nceogoHnrrl Ha 9apncllaryragxflo4xcuH) e po4eH Ha 2TnHyapu 1832 r. u e Hafi-roneMnfiru3Me)KiqycuHoBere nrperoAereoro6u]o 1 1 B ronf-Moro ceMerlcreo Ha OpaHcuc lxeriH flyryu4x vr npeno4o6nran 9aprc flogxctn.

    Bupern qe BpeMero, npeKapaHo e yvunuqero"Pur6r" e nepuoga 18y'f-18y';9 r. He e qacrnuBo, rofi e npraanar aa go6rp yuennK I npe3 1850 r. nocrrnea e"Kpafrcr 94v"- eAuH or Hafi-enusrenHure aphcroKparnqecKu Korexn e Orc$op4 6Hrnran).3aerpuBa npe3 1854 r. ra craBa acncreHr no MareMaruKa B Koflex.Toea nocroRHHo Ha3HaqeHne, Koero He caMo npilno3HaBa aKa4eMnqHilTe My nocruxeHilfl, Ho My ocurypflBa 3HaqilTeneH AoxoA, r43t4cKBa roft 4a craHe cBeu{eH[KB aHfl!4KaHcKara qbpKBa u Aa AaAe o6er ea 6er6paqrae. Toft npheMa re3u yclloBr4r u npe3 1861 r. craea nacrop.

    Kapon e perepeupaH KbM Bb3pacrxure. Cmsra ce [opr4, qe He AppKu c oco6u or npol4BonoroxHr4fl non, a eguHcrBeHo il3KnpqeHue e arrpucara EnuH Tepu.Tofi vecro xo4u Ha rearpanHu nocraHoBKvr u e 3affeHeH or nucaHero


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