Joyce Garczynski

Research & Instruction Librarian

jgarczynski@towson.edu

Plagiarism & Citation

With help from Carrie Bertling Disclafani, Mary Ranadive and David Dahl

Review

Finding Books

Finding Articles

Finding Websites

How do you define plagiarism?

Using someone else’s words or ideas without

giving proper credit.

In the News

• Paige Wiser: Chicago Sun-Times reporter fired after implying in a review that she attended an entire concert when she only attended part (Tenore, 2011).

• Sari Horowitz: Washington Post reporter who was suspended after claiming an Arizona Republic story about the Gabrielle Giffords shooting as her own (Tenore, 2011).

• Will Selva: Suspended from ESPN for using parts of a newspaper story in a script without attributing the original author (Tenore, 2011).

Tenore, M.J. (2011, June 20). Roundup of plagiarism & fabrication cases. Poynter. Retrieved from http://www.poynter.org/latest-news/everyday-ethics/136280/roundup-of-plagiarism-fabrication-cases-in-journalism/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/pinkmoose/2611293086/

And in Higher Education…“Adam Wheeler, 23... is alleged to have ‘stolen over

$45,000 in grants, scholarship and financial aid money awarded to him on applications and submissions of documents that were based on lies and reproductions of other people’s hard work’” (Yu & Zauzmer, 2010a, para. 2, 9).

AP

Photo/D

elaware S

tate Police

Yu, X., & Zauzmer, J.M. (2010, May 17). Former Harvard student indicted for falsified applications, identity fraud. Harvard Crimson. Retrieved from www.thecrimson.com

www.harvard.edu

Faced serious consequences

• Forced to leave Harvard without a degree (Yu & Zauzmer, 2010b).

• Pled guilty to “20 misdemeanor and felony counts of larceny, identity fraud, falsifying an endorsement or approval, and pretending to hold a degree” (Yu & Zauzmer, 2010b, para. 2).

• “Sentenced to 10 years probation, … ordered to make restitution of $45,806 to Harvard University and to continue … psychological treatment” (Yu & Zauzmer, 2010b, para. 2).

AP

Photo/Josh R

eynolds

Yu, X., & Zauzmer, J.M. (2010, December 16). Harvard faker Adam Wheeler pleads guilty to 20 counts. Harvard Crimson. Retrieved from www.thecrimson.com

What is the policy at TU ?

Academic Integrity Policyhttp://wwwnew.towson.edu/studentaffairs/policies/academicintegrity.asp

Cite your sources…

& cite them correctly

How do we avoid plagiarism when writing about things

we’re unfamiliar with?

By M

. Brunsden at w

ww

.flickr.com/photos/visionnew

spaper/

Okay, so you don’t want to be a copycat…

What are other reasons to cite your sources?

Cite your sources, so…

1. The original author or artist is given credit for their work.

2. You get credit for your own ideas.

3. Interested readers can track your citations to learn more about a topic.

What needs to be cited?

Any source of information!

• Books and Articles• Websites• Photographs and Art• Video and Audio Clips• Statistics, Charts, Tables, etc.• Government Documents• Interviews• Anything that didn’t come from you directly

Different disciplines use

different style manuals

– Social Sciences & Communication = American Psychological Association (APA)

How to Cite - APAw

ww

.amazon.com

• Covers APA and other styles

• Available from the library home page:

Cook Library Citation Guides

• Covers APA and other styles

• Lots of specific examples

• Bibliographies & in-text citations

• Sample paper: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/

Purdue OWL

APA In-Text Citations

Paraphrasing

- Need the author & year

• Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia (2007) found that women are negatively impacted by fashion magazine images.

• This study found that consuming fashion magazine images is negatively correlated with self-esteem (Sheldon, 2010).

Directly Quoting

- Need quotation marks, author, year, & page/paragraph number

• A University of Missouri-Columbia (2007) study found that “all women were equally and negatively affected after viewing pictures of models in magazine ads for just three minutes” (para. 1).

• “This study shows that peers are the most influential factor that contributed to women’s low body esteem” (Sheldon, 2010, p. 293).

APA Reference List - Book

Finkelstein, J. (2007). The art of self invention:

London, England:

Image and identity in popular visual culture.

I.B. Tauris.

APA Reference List - Article

Sheldon, P. (2010, July). Pressure to be perfect:

Southern Communication Journal,

Influences on college students' body esteem.

75(3),

277-298. doi:10.1080/10417940903026543

If no doi, end the citation in Retrieved from followed by the Source url

Retrieved from http://www.ssca.net/

APA Reference List - Website

University of Missouri-Columbia. (2007, March 27). Women of all

Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/03/

070326152704.htm

sizes feel badly about their bodies after seeing models.

Exercise: Is it plagiarism?

For the questions:• Compare the original source material with the

student paper excerpts. NOTE: The citation style used is APA

• Work together or alone to answer the questions. • Write down your answers on your worksheets.• Time: 10 minutes.

Example A

Example A

Original SourceDon't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student PaperGoogle's approach may win out over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market as Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.

Source included in Works Cited.

Example A

Original SourceDon't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student PaperGoogle's approach may win out over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market as Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.

Source included in Works Cited.

Example B

Example B

Original Source:Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows, 2009).

Source included in Works Cited.

Example B

Original Source:Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows, 2009).

Source included in Works Cited.

Example B

Original Source:Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows,2009).

Source included in Works Cited.

“You are still responsible for […] making sufficiently substantial changes that the paraphrase is a genuinely new expression of the idea, not merely a trivial rewording of the original passage” (CSUSM, 2008, para. 1).

Paraphrase Plagiarism

CSUSM. (2008). Plagiarism prevention for students. Retrieved March 1, 2009 from http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/how_avoid_paraphrase.htm

Example C

Example COriginal Source:

Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:

Google stands a chance of beating Apple if it can benefit from the pooled ideas of software developers and device manufacturers, following the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment in the early ‘80s.

Source included in Works Cited.

Example COriginal Source:

Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:

Google stands a chance of beating Apple if it can benefit from the pooled ideas of software developers and device manufacturers, following the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment in the early ‘80s.

Source included in Works Cited.

Example D

Example D

Original Source:Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:Burrows (2009) suggests that in the battle of the “tech heavyweights” (para. 5) Google might eventually prevail over Apple if it follows the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment during the early ‘80s: collaborating, and innovating, with software developers and manufacturers.

Source included in Works Cited.

Example D

Original Source:Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.

Student Paper:Burrows (2009) suggests that in the battle of the “tech heavyweights” (para. 5) Google might eventually prevail over Apple if it follows the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment during the early ‘80s: collaborating, and innovating, with software developers and manufacturers.

Source included in Works Cited.

• … procrastinateResearch & writing take time!

• … don’t understand what you’re reading• … don’t keep good notes• … don’t understand how / what to cite• … don’t proofread

You’re at risk for plagiarism if you

Documentation — keep track of the materials you are using

Quote carefully — color code or use quotes when taking notes

Beware of cutting and pasting

Note key ideas then “Shut the book”

Boil down the information — summarize

Tips to avoid plagiarism

Research or Citation Questions?

Feel free to contact me:Joyce Garczynskijgarczynski@towson.edu(410) 704-5168

Or any reference librarian:Visit the Reference DeskIM us at tucookchator call (410) 704-2462