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Journal of Surface and Hybrid Coating Technology
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
(JoSHCT) Jan - April 2014
www.stmjournals.com
STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was
launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board
members from renowned institutes.
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is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM
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Journal of Surface and Hybrid Coating Technology
Journal of Surface and Hybrid Coating Technology
?Hybrid polymer coating materials technology
?Surface modification by physical and natural techniques
?Corrosion, oxidation and diffusion protection for surface
?Physical and chemical deposition techniques
?photochromic and electro chromic systems
? Sol-gel hybrid coatings
?Hybrid Thin Coatings
STM Publication(s)
STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office
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Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)
Noida ,India
Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra
DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India
Puneet Pandeya
ManagerMonika Malhotra
Assistant Manager
Assistant Editors
Aditya Sanyal
Himani Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India.
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,
Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,
Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board
S NatrajanMME Department, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli India.
Smita KumariQA & I | Hydrocarbon-Upstream Larsen & Toubro Mumbai, India.
Sudhakar C JambagiAssistant Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Suratkhal, India.
Syed Arshad HussainAssistant Professor, Department
of Physics, Tripura University, India.
Tanmoy MaitiAssistant Professor, Department of
Materials Science & Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
Editorial Board
Amartya MukhopadhyayAssistant Professor, Department of
Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Bombay, India.
AO SurendranathanProfessor ,Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology
Karnataka, Surathkal, India.
Bankim Chandra Ray Professor & Head of The Department Metallurgical & Materials Engineering
Department National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
Jyotsna Dutta MajumdarProfessor, Deptartment of Metallurgical & Material Enggineering Indian Institute
of Technology Kharagpur, India.
Archana MallikAssistant Professor, Metallurgical &
Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela India.
Anandhan SrinivasanAssociate Professor, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of
Technology Karnataka, India.
K. MondalAssistant Professor, Materials and
Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Kanpur.
Kantesh BalaniDepartment of Materials Science and
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur-208016,
India.
N.L. TarwalResearch Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE),
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST), Republic of Korea.
Nirav I. JamnaparaFacilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma
Technologies Institute For Plasma Research Gandhinagar, Gujarat India.
Raju Kumar GuptaAssistant Professor, Department of
Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology
Kanpur, India.
Ranjit SinghChief Scientist Head of Department
Advanced Material and Process Research Institute CSIR Bhopal India.
I take the privilege to present the print version for the Volume 1 Issue (1) of the Journal of Surface
and Hybrid Coating Technology. The intension of JoSHCT is to create an atmosphere that stimulates
creativeness, research and growth in the area of surface engineering and coating technology.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoSCHT provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of surface engineering and coating technology found to be relevant for national
and international recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of surface engineering and coating technology.
Finally,I would like to thank Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and
suggestions in the form of authoring. I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/
Reviewer board for providing write ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the
advancement of the journals. With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have
been able to publish quality Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Reduction of Hydrogen Embrittlement of HSLA Steel by Ion Implantation Surface Modification Technique Anil Kumar 1
2. Novel Probe Designs for the Scanning Kelvin Probe System Amir Hussain, S K Manirul Haque 15
ContentsJournal of Surface and Hybrid Coating Technology
JoSHCT (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Surface and Hybrid Coating Technology Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Reduction of Hydrogen Embrittlement of HSLA Steel by
Ion Implantation Surface Modification Technique
Anil Kumar* Department of Applied Science & Humanities, National Institute of Foundry
& Forge Technology, Ranchi, India
Abstract There are many techniques available for the surface modification of the substrate. One of the important ion implantation techniques is plasma source ion implantation (PSII). Ion
implantation is a vacuum process in which a beam of ions is directed to the surface and
introduced into it. This technique produces minimum invasion of the bulk properties of the substrate. Nitrogen plasma ion implantation treatments were done on the substrate,
Cu-strengthened HSLA – 80 steel in various N-H mixtures at 100oC for 3 h. The ion
implantation brought the mechanical, physical and chemical change in the substrate.
This investigation showed that improvements in hydrogen embrittlement resistance could
be obtained through plasma ion implantation. Plasma implantation caused incremental increase in the hardness, indicating nitrogen introduction in the substrate surface and
subsurface. X-ray diffraction spectra of the treated samples revealed a shift in the primary peak indicating that the nitrogen was most probably resident as solute. The
presence of nitrogen as well as surface defects produced by implantation caused a non-
monotonic change in the hydrogen diffusivity. The presence of a high surface hardness possibly delayed crack initiation under hydrogen charging conditions.
Keywords: Plasma ion implantation, hardness, hydrogen diffusivity, hydrogen
embrittlement, HSLA Steel
JoSHCT (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Surface and Hybrid Coating Technology
Volume 1, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Novel Probe Designs for the Scanning Kelvin
Probe System
Amir Hussain*, S K Manirul Haque
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College,
PO Box 10099, Jubail 31961, KSA
Abstract The Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP) Method is an indirect method to measure the
electrochemical potential of a metal. Thus, in order to determine the potential of a given metal it is necessary to measure the Volta potential between it and an electrochemical
reference electrode. Various designs of probes were developed to further improve the
overall performance of the SKP system. Five novel probes were designed and tested with the SKP system probes were tested under certain parameters, corrosion potential
measurements, height dependence and reproducibility. The tungsten wire probe was shown to be ‘best’ design for the SKP system.
Keywords: Scanning Kelvin Probe (SKP), Volta potential, EMF, Parallel Plate
Capacitor, Work Function, Kelvin Potential