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Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
160
Planktic Foraminiferal Biozonation and Correlation of XY-1 Field,
Offshore Western Niger Delta, Nigeria
S. O. Obaje1 and E. A. Okosun2 1Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, P.M.B. 1423, Fate, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
2Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study identified and analyzed the planktic foraminifera and their abundance in 550 ditch cutting samples retrieved
from the strata penetrated by five wells in the XY-1 Field offshore western Niger Delta. The foraminiferal data were used
to date, zone, and correlate the strata. The biozones erected for the field are Globigerinoides subquadratus,
Globigerinoides obliquus, and Globigerinoides extremus which correspond respectively to the N13-N14, N14-N15, and
N15-N16 of Blow's planktic foraminiferal zonation scheme. The biozones range in age from Middle to Late Miocene.
Petrographic studies coupled with the gamma ray log analytical data indicate the presence of two lithostratigraphic units in
the XY-1 Field: the paralic Agbada Formation and the continental Benin Formation units.
Keywords: Planktic foraminifera, biozonation, well correlation, western Niger Delta, Nigeria
I. INTRODUCTION
The study area is located in the offshore western Niger
Delta area, Nigeria (Figure 1). The Niger Delta is
situated in the Gulf of Guinea on the west coast of
Central Africa. It lies between latitudes 4° and 6° N and
longitudes 3° and 9° E in southern Nigeria [12]. The
Delta is situated at the intersection of the Benue Trough
and the South Atlantic Ocean where a triple junction
developed during the separation of South America and
Africa in the Late Jurassic [16].
The aim of the research was to identify and analyze the
abundance of planktic foraminifera in the strata
penetrated by the studied wells and to use the data to
zone, date, and correlate the wells.
II. GEOLOGICAL SETTING
Three formations have been recognized in the subsurface
of the onshore and offshore Niger Delta [10], [13], [15],
[2], [11], [14]. These are the Akata, Agbada and Benin
Formations. These formations were deposited in marine,
transitional and continental environments, respectively;
together they form a thick, overall progradational
passive-margin wedge [9]. The Akata Formation, the
basal unit, is composed mainly of marine shales believed
to be the main source rock within the basin. The Agbada
Formation is made up of alternating sandstone, siltstone
and shale sequences that constitute the petroleum
reservoirs of the basin and it is Eocene to Pliocene in age.
The topmost unit called the Benin Formation largely
consists of non-marine sands with shaly intercalations
[9].
Figure 1: Index map of Niger Delta and Location of Study
Area (Source: Doust and Omatsola [8])
Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
161
III. METHODS OF STUDY
In all, 550 ditch cuttings samples constituted by 113, 106,
111, 108 and 112 samples were retrieved at 18.29 meter
intervals from the five wells studied (TMB-1, 2, 4, 5,
and 6) respectively. The standard micropaleontological
preparation technique for foraminiferal samples was
employed.
The unwashed ditch cutting samples were initially rinsed
to remove drilling mud and then dried. Twenty grams of
each dried sample was soaked for four hours in kerosene
and then detergent solution water overnight.
The disaggregated samples were then washed under
running faucet water over a 63 μm sieve mesh. The
washed residues were then dried over a hot electric plate,
and then sieved into three size portions: coarse, medium
and fine. They were then put in labeled sample bags.
Their foraminiferal contents were then identified and
recorded. The complete micropaleontological and
statistical data were plotted in color using the StrataBugs
software at 1:5,000 scale with depth in Y-axis and the
identified taxa in X-axis for each well. The StrataBugs
software plotted charts were interpreted using the first
and last occurrences of diagnostic taxa and taxon
quantitative distribution within the stratigraphic interval.
The sediments were also studied under reflected light
binocular microscope for lithofacies assessment of each
well depth alongside the gamma ray logs.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
(A) Foraminiferal Biozones
Twenty-seven planktic foraminiferal species were
identified from the five wells in the study area. The
biozones were defined based on the first and last
occurrence of diagnostic taxa in line with global
standard procedures [1], [4], [5], [6], [7].
Three planktic foraminiferal biozones, discussed below,
were erected for the studied wells (Figures 2 - 7).
(a) Globigerinoides subquadratus Zone
Stratigraphic intervals:
TMB-1 Well: 3,150.41 – 3,446.37 m, TMB-2 Well:
3,218.08 – 3,404.92 m, TMB-4 Well: Nil, TMB-5 Well:
2,933.10 – 3,446.80 m and TMB-6 Well: 3,622.55 –
3,907.23 m.
Base: The base of this biozone is defined by the first
downhole occurrence of Globigerinoides subquadratus
(BRÖNNIMANN) at the depths of 3,446.37 m, 3,404.92
m, 3,446.80 m and 3,907.23 m in TMB-1, 2, 5 and 6
wells, respectively.
Top: The top is defined by the last downhole occurrence
of Globorotalia continuosa (BLOW) and Globorotalia
mayeri (CUSHMAN & ELLISOR) at the depths of
3,150.41, 3,218.08, 2,933.10 and 3,622.55 meters in
TMB-1, 2, 5 and 6 wells, respectively. Only the top of
this biozone was identified at the depth of 3,218.99 m in
TMB-4, though the entire interval was not recognized.
Age and Correlation: This biozone is correlated to N13-
N14 Zone of Blow [4], [5] and dated Middle Miocene.
(b) Globigerinoides obliquus Zone
Stratigraphic intervals:
TMB-1 Well: 2,731.31 – 3,105.41 m, TMB-2 Well:
2,882.80 – 3,218.08 m, TMB-4 Well: Nil, TMB-5 Well:
2,443.89 – 2,933.10 m, and TMB-6 Well: 3,258.01 –
3,622.55 m.
Base: The base is defined by the last downhole
occurrence of Globorotalia continuosa (BLOW) and
Globorotalia mayeri (CUSHMAN & ELLISOR) at the
depths of 3,105.41 m, 3,218.08 m, 2,933.10 m and
3,622.55 m in TMB-1, 2, 5 and 6 wells, respectively.
The associated species are Globorotalia obesa BOLLI,
G. mayeri (CUSHMAN & ELLISOR) and G. foshi
lobata (BERMUDEZ). This biozone was not identified
in TMB-4 well.
Top: Its top is defined by the first downhole occurrence
of Globorotalia menardii s.l. (BOLLI) at 2,731.31 m,
2,882.80 m, 2,443.89 m and 3,258.01 m in TMB-1, 2, 4,
and 5 wells, respectively.
Age and Correlation: It is correlated to N14-N15 Zone of
Blow [4], [5] and dated Middle Miocene.
(c) Globigerinoides extremus Zone
Stratigraphic intervals: TMB-1 Well: 2,431.39 –
2,731.31 m and TMB-2 Well: 2,431.39 – 2,882.80 m. It
is missing in TMB-4, TMB-5, and TMB-6 wells.
Base: The base is defined by the first downhole
occurrence of Globorotalia menardii s.l. (BOLLI) at the
depths of 2,731.31 and 2,882.80 meters in TMB-1 and 2
wells, respectively. It is equivalent to the 10.4 Ma datum
of Berggren et al. [3].
Top: The top is defined by the last downhole occurrence
of Globigerinoides extremus (BOLLI & BERMUDEZ)
at 2,431.39 meters depths in both TMB- 1 and 2 wells,
respectively. The top of this biozone corresponds to the
9.5 Ma datum of Berggren et al. [3].
Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
162
Age and Correlation: This biozone is correlated to the
N15-N16 Zone of Blow [4], [5] and dated Middle to
Late Miocene (Serravallian-Tortonian).
Depth
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
Gamma Log(API)0 150
Inte
rpre
ted
lit
ho
log
y
Deep Laterolog(ohm m/m)0.2 2000
Ch
ron
ostr
ati
gra
ph
y
5010
La
te M
ioce
ne
8930
12440
Mid
dle
Mio
ce
ne
Ag
e
Seq
uen
ce
5010
PG
C
7444
HS
T
7978
TS
T
8661
HS
T
8962
TS
T
9994
HS
T
10336
TS
T
10871
HS
T
11308
12440
TS
T
Lit
ho
str
ati
gra
ph
y
5010
Be
nin
Fo
rma
tio
n
7444
12440
Ag
ba
da
Fo
rma
tio
nF
orm
ati
on
DE
PO
SIT
ION
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
5010
Up
pe
r S
ho
refa
ce
7444
Inte
rdis
trib
uta
rych
an
ne
l o
ve
rla
in b
yS
ha
llow
Ma
rin
eS
ha
les
7889
Dis
trib
uta
ry C
ha
nn
el S
an
ds o
ve
rla
in b
y S
ha
llow
ma
rin
e s
ha
les
9411
Ba
rrie
r B
ar
Sa
nd
de
po
sits o
ve
rla
in b
yM
arg
ina
l m
ari
ne
sh
ale
s
10339
Inte
rdis
trib
uta
ryC
ha
nn
el o
ve
rla
in b
yS
ha
llow
ma
rin
e S
ha
les
10871
Ch
an
ne
l S
an
ds
with
occa
sio
na
lS
ha
llow
Ma
rin
eS
ha
les
11308
12440
Pro
de
lta
Sh
ale
sZ
on
e
Samples
Barr
en
5010
5060
5120
5180
5240
5300
5360
5420
5480
5540
5600
5660
5720
5780
5840
5900
5960
6020
6080
6140
6200
6260
6320
6380
6440
6500
6560
6680
6740
6800
6860
6920
6980
7040
7100
7160
7220
7280
7340
740074447460
7520
7580
7640
7700
7760
7820
7880
794079788000
8060
8120
8180
8240
8420
8480
8540
8600
86608661
8720
8780
8840
8900
89608962
9020
9080
9140
9260
9320
9380
9440
9500
9560
9620
9680
9740
9800
9860
9920
9980999410040
10100
10160
10220
10280
1033610340
10400
10460
10520
10580
10640
10700
10760
108201087110880
10940
11000
11060
11120
11180
11240
113001130811360
11420
11480
11540
11600
11660
11720
11780
11840119001191011930119601197012030
12090
12150
12210
12270
12330
12390
12440
Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Glo
big
eri
na
bu
llo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
na
pra
eb
ullo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ollii
Glo
bo
qu
ad
rin
a a
ltis
pir
a
Glo
bo
rota
lia
co
ntin
uo
sa
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ma
ye
ri
Orb
ulin
a u
niv
ers
a
Pla
nkto
nic
in
de
term
ina
te
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s o
bliq
uu
s
Orb
ulin
a s
utu
ralis
Glo
big
eri
nita
n
ap
ari
ma
en
sis
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s q
ua
dri
lob
atu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s im
ma
turu
s
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
na
sp
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ullo
ide
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s e
xtr
em
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
p
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s tri
lob
us
Glo
bo
rota
loid
es v
ari
ab
ilis
Glo
bo
rota
lia
me
na
rdii
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
dis
jun
cta
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
ub
qu
ad
ratu
s
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
sp
Glo
big
eri
ne
lla
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
accu
life
rus
Glo
bo
rota
lia
sp
FOPSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
An
om
alin
ella
sp
Bo
livin
a s
ca
lpra
ta m
ioce
nic
a
Bri
za
lin
a s
p
Ca
lca
reo
us in
de
term
ina
te
Cri
ste
lla
ria
sp
Ep
on
ide
s s
p
Flo
rilu
s a
tla
nticu
s
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
4)
Ha
nza
wa
ia s
tra
tto
ni
He
tero
lep
a flo
rid
an
a
He
tero
lep
a p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
a
Le
nticu
lin
a in
orn
ata
Le
nticu
lin
a r
otu
lata
Oo
lin
a sp
Uvig
eri
na
ga
llo
wa
yi
Uvig
eri
na
pe
reg
rin
a
Ma
rgin
ulin
a c
osta
ta
Re
cto
gla
nd
ulin
a c
om
atu
la
Cib
icid
oid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
La
ge
na
str
iata
Cib
icid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a s
em
inu
lum
Le
nticu
lin
a s
p
Bu
lim
ina
sp
Glo
bo
ca
ssid
ulin
a s
ub
glo
bo
sa
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a m
icro
co
sta
ta
Vir
gu
lin
a s
p
An
om
alin
oid
es s
p
Bo
livin
a s
p
Bu
lim
ina
acu
lea
ta
No
do
sa
ria
sp
Uvig
eri
na
su
bp
ere
gri
na
Ca
ncri
s a
uri
cu
lus
Ho
eg
lun
din
a e
leg
an
s
Sig
mo
ilin
a te
nu
is
Uvig
eri
na
sp
Am
mo
nia
be
cca
rii
Stilo
sto
me
lla
sp
Uvig
eri
na
au
be
ria
na
Ma
rgin
ulin
a sp
Am
ph
ico
ryn
a s
ca
lari
s c
au
da
ta
La
ge
na
co
sta
ta
Cib
ico
rbis
in
fla
ta
Uvig
eri
na
m
an
tae
sis
No
nio
ne
lla
au
ris
Ep
on
ide
s e
sh
ira
Ep
on
ide
s io
jim
ae
nsis
Cib
icid
oid
es s
p
La
ge
na
sp
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
6)
Fis
su
rin
a sp
Pra
eg
lob
ob
ulim
ina
ova
ta
FOBCSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Alv
eo
lop
hg
ram
ium
cra
ssu
m
Ha
plo
ph
gra
mo
ide
s s
p
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s c
om
pre
ssa
Alv
eo
lop
hra
gm
ium
su
bg
lob
osu
m
Po
rite
xtu
lari
a p
an
am
en
sis
Tro
ch
am
min
a s
p
Are
na
ce
ou
s in
de
term
ina
te
Am
mo
ba
cu
lite
s s
p
Eg
ge
rella
sca
bra
Am
mo
ba
cu
lite
s a
gg
lutin
an
s
Re
op
ha
x sp
Sa
cca
mm
ina
co
mp
lan
ata
Ve
rne
uilin
a s
p
Sp
iro
ple
cta
mm
ina
ca
rin
ata
Te
xtu
lari
a s
p
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s ca
na
rie
nsis
FOBA
Div
ers
ity: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
80
In-S
itu o
ccurr
ences
252
4
1
11
5
6
7
3
4
201
2
4
3
5
28
2525
32
29
3
9
2
32
3
1
8
1
10
5
9
16
13
5
8
3
2
10
514
10
10
5
1
2
249
1
2
1
4
4
4
3
3
186
7
10
16
6
9
10
3
268
8
13
19
18
11
10
9
11974
23128
2
1
8
5
4
4
2
Micro.
To
tal co
un
t: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
150
In-S
itu o
ccurr
ences
1012
12
3
30
13
11
7
3
5
1221
3
8
3
7
64
150105
117
116
3
13
2
137
4
1
11
1
18
7
19
32
28
7
13
3
8
13
5
2412
32
5
1
2
14112
1
3
2
7
4
4
6
6
458
18
13
24
9
15
16
3
16811
9
25
56
43
21
14
11
182310
4
6121
16
2
1
15
10
4
4
2
Micro. Palaeoenvironment
*1
Co
as
tal D
elta
ic
Inn
er
Ne
riti
c
Mid
dle
Ne
riti
c
Ou
ter
Ne
riti
c
Well Name : TOMBOY-1Operator : OBAJE SOLOMON
Well Code: TOMBOY-1
Interval : 5010' - 12440'
Scale : 1:5000
Chart date: 06 August 2008 Project
Chart
: BIOSTRAT
: TOM-1COMMENT
7977.76' CU : 9.5 Ma MFS-FDO:UVIGERINASPARSISCOSTATA,DISCOASTERHAMATUS
10336.45' CU : 11.5 Ma MFS-FDO:GLOBOROTALIAOBESA
11307.58' CU : 12.8 Ma MFS-FDO: CASSIDULINANEOCARINATA
BIOEVENTS Depth
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
Base Lithology
clay
shale/mudstone
silty mudstone
siltstone
argillaceous sil tstone
sandy siltstone
sandstone (fine - medium)
argillaceous sandstone
mixed sandstone (70% coarse)
Text Keys*1 PALEOWATER DEPTH
9623’ CU: 11.5 Ma LDO:
GLOBOROTALIA CONTINUOSA
11374’ CU: 12.8 Ma FDO:
GLOBIGERINOIDES
SUBQUADRATUS
> 15 specimens
> 5 “
< 5 “
8018’ CU: 10.4 Ma FDO:
GLOBOROTALIA MENARDII s.l.
N13
N14
Blow (1969, 1979)
PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA BIOZONATION AND CORRELATION OF XY-1 FIELD, OFFSHORE WESTERN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
BY S. O. OBAJE, E. A. OKOSUN, P. I. OLASEHINDE & E. UDENSI
Well Name: TMB-5
Interval: 4000’-11600’
Scale: 1:5000
Chart Date: 06 August, 2008
Globigerinoides
subquadratus
Globorotalia
obliquus
Globigerinoides
extremus
THIS STUDY BIOZONE
N15
Globorotaliaobliquus
Globigerinoides
subquadratus
THIS STUDY BIOZONE
Depth
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
Gamma Log(API)0 150
Lit
ho
log
y
Deep Induction(ohm m/m)0.2 2000
Ch
ron
ostr
ati
gra
ph
y
5010
La
te M
ioce
ne
10310
12440
Mid
dle
Mio
ce
ne
Ag
e
Seq
uen
ce
5010
PG
C
HST7978
TS
T
8108
PG
C
HST
TST9543
PG
C
10358
HS
T
10559
TS
T
HST11171
TS
T
11293
12440
HS
T
DE
PO
SIT
ION
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
3500
Up
pe
r S
ho
refa
ce
7444
Inte
rdis
trib
uta
rych
an
ne
l o
ve
rla
in b
yS
ha
llo
w M
ari
ne
Sh
ale
s
7889
Dis
trib
uta
ry C
ha
nn
el S
an
ds o
ve
rla
in b
y S
ha
llo
w m
ari
ne
sh
ale
s
9411
Ba
rrie
r B
ar
Sa
nd
de
po
sits o
ve
rla
in b
yM
arg
ina
l m
ari
ne
sh
ale
s
10339
Inte
rdis
trib
uta
ryC
ha
nn
el o
ve
rla
in b
yS
ha
llo
w m
ari
ne
Sh
ale
s
10871
Ch
an
ne
l S
an
ds
with
occa
sio
na
lS
ha
llo
w M
ari
ne
Sh
ale
s
11308
12440
Pro
de
lta
Sh
ale
sZ
on
e
Samples
Barr
en
5010
5060
5120
5180
5240
5300
5360
5420
5480
5540
5600
5660
5720
5780
5840
5900
5960
6020
6080
6140
6200
6260
6320
6380
6440
6500
6560
6680
6740
6800
6860
6920
6980
7040
7100
7160
7220
7280
7340
7400
7460
7520
7580
7640
7700
7760
7820
7880
794079788000
8060
8120
8180
8240
8420
8480
8540
8600
8660
8720
8780
8840
8900
8960
9020
9080
9140
9260
932093689380944094599500
9560
9620
9680
9740
9800
9860
9920
9980
10040
10100
10160
10220
10280
103401035910400
10460
105201055910580
10640
10700
10760
10820
10880
10940
11000
1106011112111201117111180
11240
1129311300
11360
11420
11480
11540
11600
11660
11720
11780
11840
11900119301196011990
12050
12110
12170
12230
12290
12350
12410
Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Glo
big
eri
na
sp
Pla
nkto
nic
in
de
term
ina
te
Orb
ulin
a s
utu
ralis
Glo
big
eri
na
bu
llo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
na
pra
eb
ullo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
nita
n
ap
ari
ma
en
sis
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ollii
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ullo
ide
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s e
xtr
em
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s im
ma
turu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s o
bliq
uu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s q
ua
dri
lob
atu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s tri
lob
us
Orb
ulin
a u
niv
ers
a
Glo
bo
qu
ad
rin
a a
ltis
pir
a
Glo
bo
rota
lia
co
ntin
uo
sa
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ma
ye
ri
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
ub
qu
ad
ratu
s
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
sp
Glo
big
eri
ne
lla
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
accu
life
rus
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
p
Glo
bo
rota
lia
sp
Glo
big
eri
na
ne
pe
nth
es
Glo
bo
rota
lia
aco
sta
en
sis
FOPSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Ca
lca
reo
us in
de
term
ina
te
Cib
icid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
Ha
nza
wa
ia s
tra
tto
ni
He
tero
lep
a p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
a
Le
nticu
lin
a in
orn
ata
Ma
rgin
ulin
a c
osta
ta
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a s
em
inu
lum
Le
nticu
lin
a r
otu
lata
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
4)
Le
nticu
lin
a s
p
Flo
rilu
s a
tla
nticu
s
An
om
alin
ella
sp
Bo
livin
a s
ca
lpra
ta m
ioce
nic
a
Bu
lim
ina
sp
Cib
icid
oid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
Bri
za
lin
a s
p
Cri
ste
lla
ria
sp
An
om
alin
oid
es s
p
Bo
livin
a s
p
Ca
ncri
s a
uri
cu
lus
Re
cto
gla
nd
ulin
a c
om
atu
la
Ep
on
ide
s s
p
Oo
lin
a sp
He
tero
lep
a flo
rid
an
a
Uvig
eri
na
ga
llo
wa
yi
Uvig
eri
na
pe
reg
rin
a
Ma
rgin
ulin
a sp
Am
mo
nia
be
cca
rii
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a m
icro
co
sta
ta
Stilo
sto
me
lla
sp
Uvig
eri
na
au
be
ria
na
Am
ph
ico
ryn
a s
ca
lari
s c
au
da
ta
La
ge
na
co
sta
ta
Cib
ico
rbis
in
fla
ta
No
do
sa
ria
sp
Uvig
eri
na
m
an
tae
sis
No
nio
ne
lla
au
ris
Ep
on
ide
s e
sh
ira
Ep
on
ide
s io
jim
ae
nsis
Cib
icid
oid
es s
p
La
ge
na
sp
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
6)
Fis
su
rin
a sp
FOBCSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Alv
eo
lop
hg
ram
ium
cra
ssu
m
Alv
eo
lop
hra
gm
ium
su
bg
lob
osu
m
Po
rite
xtu
lari
a p
an
am
en
sis
Tro
ch
am
min
a s
p
Are
na
ce
ou
s in
de
term
ina
te
Am
mo
ba
cu
lite
s s
p
Eg
ge
rella
sca
bra
Ha
plo
ph
gra
mo
ide
s s
p
Am
mo
ba
cu
lite
s a
gg
lutin
an
s
Re
op
ha
x sp
Sa
cca
mm
ina
co
mp
lan
ata
Ve
rne
uilin
a s
p
Sp
iro
ple
cta
mm
ina
ca
rin
ata
Te
xtu
lari
a s
p
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s ca
na
rie
nsis
FOBA*1
In-Situ occurrences
Sh
ell fra
gm
en
t
Ech
ino
id r
em
ain
s
Mic
rom
ollu
sc sp
Ostr
aco
de
.
Div
ers
ity: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
50
In-S
itu o
ccurr
ences
121
2
4
3
5
14
6
6
11
3
9
2
3
1
8
1
2510
526
9
16
13
5
8
3
2
10
5
10
10
5
1
2
914
1
2
1
164
4
4
3
3
6
7
10
1614
626
9
10
253
8
8
13
19
18
11
10
9
11
9
8
11
6
6
6
3
6
5
Micro.
To
tal co
un
t: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
100
In-S
itu o
ccurr
ences
441
3
8
3
7
21
16
16
39
3
13
2
4
1
11
1
6518
7130
19
32
28
7
13
3
8
13
5
12
32
5
1
2
1224
1
3
2
327
4
4
6
6
8
18
13
24179
9715
16
563
11
9
25
56
43
21
14
11
18
23
8
17
7
11
11
5
10
9
Micro. Palaeoenvironment
Default
No
n M
ari
ne
Tra
ns
itio
na
l
Inn
er
Ne
riti
c
Mid
dle
Ne
riti
c
7970.00' CU : 9.5 Ma MFS - FDO:GLOBOROTALIAACOSTAENSIS,ACME:SPHENOLITHUS ABIES
10558.73' CU : 11.5 Ma MFS- FDO:GLOBOROTALIAOBESA,SPHENOLITHUSMORIFORMIS(PRESENCE)
11171.42' CU : 12.8 MaMFS-GLOBIGERINOIDESSUBQUADRATUS
BIOEVENTS Depth
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
Well Name : TOMBOY-2Operator : OBAJE SOLOMON
Well Code: TOMBOY-2
Lat/Long : 52°31' 25.01"N 2° 2' 3.00"E
Interval : 5010' - 12440'
Scale : 1:5000
TOMBOY-2Chart date: 06 August 2008 Project
Chart
: BIOSTRAT
: TOMBOY-2 COMM
Base Lithology
shale/mudstone
silty mudstone
siltstone
argillaceous sil tstone
sandy siltstone
sandstone (fine - medium)
argillaceous sandstone
mixed sandstone (70% coarse)
IGD Boundary KeyPossible
Probable
Confident
Unconformable
? ?Unconformable
f Fault
?f ?Fault
Text Keys*1 Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
> 15 specimens
> 5 “
< 5 “
7977’ CU: 9.5 Ma LDO:GLOBIGERINOIDES EXTREMUS
9458’ CU: 10.4 Ma FDO: GLOBOROTALIAMENARDII
N13
N14
N15
N16
Blow
(1969,
1979)
10558’ CU: 11.5 Ma LDO: GLOBOROTALIACONTINUOSA
11171’ CU: 12.8 Ma FDO: GLOBIGERINOIDES SUBQUADRATUS
THIS STUDY BIOZONE
Globigerinoides
extrem
usGloborotalia
obliquus
Globigerinoides
subquadratus
Well Name: TMB-2
Interval: 5010’-12440’
Scale: 1:5000
Chart Date: 06 August, 2008
PLANKTIC FORAMINERA BIOZONATION AND CORRELATION OF XY-1 FIELD, OFFSHORE WESTERN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
BY S. O. OBAJE, E. A. OKOSUN, P. I. OLASEHINDE & E. UDENSI
Depth
4000'
4250'
4500'
4750'
5000'
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
12500'
12750'
13000'
Gamma Log(API)0 150
Inte
rpre
ted
lit
ho
log
y
Deep Induction(ohm m/m)0.2 2000
Ch
ron
ostr
ati
gra
ph
y
4000
LA
TE
MIO
CE
NE
10689
13000
MID
DL
E M
IOC
EN
EA
ge
Seq
uen
ce
4000
Lo
wsta
nd
Pro
gra
din
g C
om
ple
x
8717
HS
T
10689
TS
T
10884
Lo
wsta
nd
Pro
gra
din
g C
om
ple
x
HST11885
TS
T
12615
HS
T
12819
13000
TS
T
Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Glo
big
eri
na
pra
eb
ullo
ide
s
Orb
ulin
a s
utu
ralis
Orb
ulin
a u
niv
ers
a
Pla
nkto
nic
in
de
term
ina
te
Glo
big
eri
nita
n
ap
ari
ma
en
sis
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s q
ua
dri
lob
atu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s im
ma
turu
s
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
na
sp
Glo
bo
rota
lia
co
ntin
uo
sa
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ma
ye
ri
Glo
big
eri
na
bu
llo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ollii
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ullo
ide
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s e
xtr
em
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s o
bliq
uu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
p
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s tri
lob
us
Glo
bo
rota
loid
es v
ari
ab
ilis
Glo
bo
qu
ad
rin
a a
ltis
pir
a
Glo
bo
rota
lia
me
na
rdii
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
dis
jun
cta
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
ub
qu
ad
ratu
s
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
sp
Glo
big
eri
ne
lla
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
accu
life
rus
Glo
bo
rota
lia
sp
FOPSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Le
nticu
lin
a in
orn
ata
Ca
lca
reo
us in
de
term
ina
te
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
4)
He
tero
lep
a p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
a
Ma
rgin
ulin
a c
osta
ta
Re
cto
gla
nd
ulin
a c
om
atu
la
Oo
lin
a sp
Bo
livin
a s
ca
lpra
ta m
ioce
nic
a
Cib
icid
oid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
La
ge
na
str
iata
Le
nticu
lin
a r
otu
lata
Cib
icid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
Ha
nza
wa
ia s
tra
tto
ni
He
tero
lep
a flo
rid
an
a
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a s
em
inu
lum
Uvig
eri
na
ga
llo
wa
yi
Uvig
eri
na
pe
reg
rin
a
Le
nticu
lin
a s
p
Flo
rilu
s a
tla
nticu
s
An
om
alin
ella
sp
Bu
lim
ina
sp
Glo
bo
ca
ssid
ulin
a s
ub
glo
bo
sa
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a m
icro
co
sta
ta
Vir
gu
lin
a s
p
Bri
za
lin
a s
p
Cri
ste
lla
ria
sp
Ep
on
ide
s s
p
An
om
alin
oid
es s
p
Bo
livin
a s
p
Bu
lim
ina
acu
lea
ta
No
do
sa
ria
sp
Uvig
eri
na
su
bp
ere
gri
na
Ca
ncri
s a
uri
cu
lus
Ho
eg
lun
din
a e
leg
an
s
Sig
mo
ilin
a te
nu
is
Uvig
eri
na
sp
Am
mo
nia
be
cca
rii
Stilo
sto
me
lla
sp
Uvig
eri
na
au
be
ria
na
Ma
rgin
ulin
a sp
Am
ph
ico
ryn
a s
ca
lari
s c
au
da
ta
La
ge
na
co
sta
ta
Cib
ico
rbis
in
fla
ta
Uvig
eri
na
m
an
tae
sis
No
nio
ne
lla
au
ris
Ep
on
ide
s e
sh
ira
Ep
on
ide
s io
jim
ae
nsis
Cib
icid
oid
es s
p
La
ge
na
sp
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
6)
Fis
su
rin
a sp
Pra
eg
lob
ob
ulim
ina
ova
ta
FOBCSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Ha
plo
ph
gra
mo
ide
s s
p
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s c
om
pre
ssa
Alv
eo
lop
hg
ram
ium
cra
ssu
m
Alv
eo
lop
hra
gm
ium
su
bg
lob
osu
m
Po
rite
xtu
lari
a p
an
am
en
sis
Tro
ch
am
min
a s
p
Are
na
ce
ou
s in
de
term
ina
te
Am
mo
ba
cu
lite
s s
p
Eg
ge
rella
sca
bra
Am
mo
ba
cu
lite
s a
gg
lutin
an
s
Re
op
ha
x sp
Sa
cca
mm
ina
co
mp
lan
ata
Ve
rne
uilin
a s
p
Sp
iro
ple
cta
mm
ina
ca
rin
ata
Te
xtu
lari
a s
p
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s ca
na
rie
nsis
FOBA*1
In-Situ occurrences
Sh
ell fra
gm
en
t
Ech
ino
id r
em
ain
s
Ostr
aco
de
.
Mic
rom
ollu
sc sp
To
tal co
un
t: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
50
In-S
itu o
ccurr
ences
3
30
13
11
7
3
5122
1
3
8
3
7
64
150105
117
116
3
13
2
137
4
1
11
1
18
7
19
32
28
687
13
3
8
13
524
12
32
5
1
2
14112
1
3
2
7
444
4
6
645
8
18
13
24
9
15
16
3168
11
9
25
56
43
21
14
1140
1898
23
61
15
16
15
2
3
16
13
7
8
2
815
16
11
332
4
16
Micro.
Div
ers
ity: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
60
In-S
itu o
ccurr
ences
1
11
5
6
7
3
420
1
2
4
3
5
28
2525
32
29
3
9
2
32
3
1
8
1
10
5
9
16
13
255
8
3
2
10
514
10
10
5
1
2
249
1
2
1
4
412
4
3
3
186
7
10
16
6
9
10
3
268
8
13
19
18
11
10
920
1126
9
23
7
8
7
2
3
8
6
6
7
2
57
8
6
3
164
8
Micro. Palaeoenvironment
Default
No
n M
ari
ne
Tra
ns
itio
na
l
Inn
er
Ne
riti
c
Mid
dle
Ne
riti
c
Well Name : TOMBOY-6Operator : OBAJE SOLOMON
Well Code: TOMBOY-6
Interval : 4000' - 13000'
Scale : 1:5000
Chart date: 06 August 2008 Project
Chart
: BIOSTRAT
: TOM- 6 COMMENT
11885.00' CU : 11.5 Ma MFS-FDO:GLOBOROTALIAMAY ERI,GLOBOROTALIACONTINUOSA
12819.00' CU : 12.8 Ma MFS-RECTOGLANDULINACOMATULA
BIOEVENTS Depth
4000'
4250'
4500'
4750'
5000'
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
12500'
12750'
13000'
Base Lithology
shale/mudstone
silty mudstone
sandy mudstone
siltstone
argillaceous si ltstone
sandstone (fine - medium)
sandstone (coarse)
argillaceous sandstone
Text Keys*1 Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA BIOZONATION AND CORRELATION OF XY-1 FIELD, OFFSHORE WESTERN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
BY S. O. OBAJE, E. A. OKOSUN, P. I. OLASEHINDE & E. UDENSI (2009)
Well Name: TMB-6
Interval: 4000’-13000’
Scale: 1:5000
Chart Date: 06 August, 2008
> 15 specimens
> 5 “
< 5 “
11885’ CU: 11.5 Ma LDO:
GLOBOROTALIA
CONTINUOSA
12819’ CU: 12.8 Ma FDO:
GLOBIGERINOIDES
SUBQUADRATUS
10689’ CU: 10.4 Ma FDO:
GLOBOROTALIA
MENARDII s.l.
Globorotalia
obliquus
Globigerinoides
subquadratus
THIS STUDY BIOZONE
N13
N14
N15
Blo
w (1
96
9,1
979
)
Depth
2500'
2750'
3000'
3250'
3500'
3750'
4000'
4250'
4500'
4750'
5000'
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
Gamma Log(API)0 150
Inte
rpre
ted
lit
ho
log
y
Deep Laterolog(ohm m/m)0.2 2000
Ch
ron
ostr
ati
gra
ph
y
2400
LA
TE
MIO
CE
NE
7984
11460
MID
DL
E M
IOC
EN
EA
ge
Seq
uen
ce
2400
LO
WS
TA
ND
PR
OG
RA
DIN
G C
OM
PL
EX
7461
HS
T
7984
TS
T
8951
LO
WS
TA
ND
PR
OG
RA
DIN
G C
OM
PL
EX
10359
HS
T
10562
TS
T
HST11170
11460
TS
T
DE
PO
SIT
ION
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
2400
LO
WS
TA
ND
PR
OG
RA
DIN
G C
OM
PL
EX
7462
LO
WE
RS
HO
RE
FA
CE
SA
ND
S
7933
TID
AL
CH
AN
NE
LO
VE
RL
AIN
BY
SH
AL
LO
WM
AR
INE
SH
AL
ES
8374
INT
ER
DIS
TR
IBU
TA
RY
CH
AN
NE
L S
AN
DS
8952
LO
WS
TA
ND
PR
OG
RA
DIN
G C
OM
PL
EX
10057
PR
OD
EL
TA
SH
AL
ES
OV
ER
LA
IN B
Y L
OW
ER
SH
OR
EF
AC
E S
AN
DS
10729
11460
MA
RIN
E S
HA
LE
S O
VE
RL
AIN
BY
CH
AN
NE
L S
AN
DS
Zo
ne
Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s o
bliq
uu
s
Glo
big
eri
na
pra
eb
ullo
ide
s
Orb
ulin
a s
utu
ralis
Orb
ulin
a u
niv
ers
a
Pla
nkt
on
ic in
de
term
ina
te
Glo
big
eri
nita
na
pa
rim
ae
nsi
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s q
ua
dri
lob
atu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s im
ma
turu
s
Glo
bo
rota
lia o
be
sa
Glo
big
eri
na
sp
Glo
bo
rota
lia c
on
tinu
osa
Glo
bo
rota
lia m
aye
ri
Glo
big
eri
na
bu
lloid
es
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
olli
i
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ullo
ide
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s e
xtre
mu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s sp
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s tr
ilob
us
Glo
bo
rota
loid
es
vari
ab
ilis
Glo
bo
qu
ad
rin
a a
ltisp
ira
Glo
bo
rota
lia m
en
ard
ii
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psi
s d
isju
nct
a
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s su
bq
ua
dra
tus
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psi
s sp
Glo
big
eri
ne
lla o
be
sa
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s sa
ccu
life
rus
FOPSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Le
ntic
ulin
a in
orn
ata
Ca
lca
reo
us
ind
ete
rmin
ate
Flo
rilu
s co
stife
rum
(N
on
ion
4)
He
tero
lep
a p
seu
do
un
ge
ria
na
Ma
rgin
ulin
a c
ost
ata
Re
cto
gla
nd
ulin
a c
om
atu
la
Oo
lina
sp
Bo
livin
a s
calp
rata
mio
cen
ica
Cib
icid
oid
es
pse
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
La
ge
na
str
iata
Le
ntic
ulin
a r
otu
lata
Cib
icid
es p
seu
do
un
ge
ria
nu
s
Ha
nza
wa
ia s
tra
tton
i
He
tero
lep
a fl
ori
da
na
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lina
se
min
ulu
m
Uvi
ge
rin
a g
allo
wa
yi
Uvi
ge
rin
a p
ere
gri
na
Le
ntic
ulin
a s
p
Flo
rilu
s a
tlan
ticu
s
An
om
alin
ella
sp
Bu
limin
a s
p
Glo
bo
cass
idu
lina
su
bg
lob
osa
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lina
mic
roco
sta
ta
Vir
gu
lina
sp
Bri
zalin
a s
p
Cri
ste
llari
a s
p
Ep
on
ide
s sp
An
om
alin
oid
es
sp
Bo
livin
a s
p
Bu
limin
a a
cule
ata
No
do
sari
a s
p
Uvi
ge
rin
a s
ub
pe
reg
rin
a
Ca
ncri
s a
uri
cu
lus
Ho
eg
lun
din
a e
leg
an
s
Sig
mo
ilin
a te
nu
is
Uvi
ge
rin
a s
p
Am
mo
nia
be
cca
rii
Stil
ost
om
ella
sp
Uvi
ge
rin
a a
ub
eri
an
a
Ma
rgin
ulin
a s
p
Am
ph
ico
ryn
a s
cala
ris c
au
da
ta
La
ge
na
co
sta
ta
Cib
ico
rbis
infla
ta
Uvi
ge
rin
a m
an
tae
sis
No
nio
ne
lla a
uri
s
Ep
on
ide
s e
shir
a
FOBCSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Alv
eo
lop
hg
ram
ium
cra
ssu
m
Ha
plo
ph
gra
mo
ide
s sp
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s co
mp
ress
a
Alv
eo
lop
hra
gm
ium
su
bg
lob
osu
m
Po
rite
xtu
lari
a p
an
am
en
sis
Tro
cha
mm
ina
sp
Are
na
ceo
us
ind
ete
rmin
ate
Am
mo
ba
culit
es
sp
Eg
ge
rella
sca
bra
Am
mo
ba
culit
es
ag
glu
tina
ns
Re
op
ha
x s
p
Sa
cca
mm
ina
co
mp
lan
ata
Ve
rne
uili
na
sp
Sp
iro
ple
cta
mm
ina
ca
rin
ata
Te
xtu
lari
a s
p
FOBA*1
In-Situ occurrences
Sh
ell
fra
gm
en
t
Ech
ino
id r
em
ain
s
Ost
raco
de
.
Mic
rom
ollu
sc s
p
Div
ers
ity: M
icro
pa
lae
on
tolo
gy
50
In-S
itu o
ccur
rence
s
4
1
11
5
6
7
3
420
121
2
4
3
5
28
2525
32
29
3
9
2
32
3
1
8
1
10
5
9
16
13
5
8
3
2
10
514
10
10
5
1
2
249
251
2
1
264
4
4
3
318
6
7
10
16
614
9
10
326
8
8
Micro.
To
tal c
ou
nt:
Mic
rop
ala
eo
nto
log
y
80
In-S
itu o
ccur
rence
s
12
3
30
13
11
7
3
5122
441
3
8
3
7
64
150105
117
116
3
13
2
137
4
1
11
1
18
7
19
32
28
7
13
3
8
13
524
12
32
5
1
2
14112
651
3
2
1307
4
4
6
645
8
18
13
24
924
15
16
3
168
11
9
Micro. Palaeoenvironment
Default
No
n M
arin
e
Tra
ns
itio
na
l
Inn
er
Ne
riti
c
Mid
dle
Ne
ritic
Well Name : TOMBOY-4Operator : OBAJE SOLOMON
Well Code: TOMBOY-4
Interval : 2400' - 11460'
Scale : 1:5000
Chart date: 06 August 2008 Project
Chart
: BIOSTRAT
: TOM-4COMMENT
7983.00' CU : 9.5 Ma MFS-FDO: UVIGERINASPARSISCOSTATA
10561.91' CU : 11.5 MaMFS-FDO:SPIROSIGMOLINAOLIGOCAENICA
BIOEVENTS Depth
2500'
2750'
3000'
3250'
3500'
3750'
4000'
4250'
4500'
4750'
5000'
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
Base Lithology
shale/mudstone
silty mudstone
sandy mudstone
siltstone
argillaceous sil tstone
sandstone (fine - medium)
argillaceous sandstone
Text Keys*1 Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
Well Name: TMB-4
Interval: 2400’-11450’
Scale: 1:5000
Chart Date: 06 August, 2008
PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA BIOZONATION AND CORRELATION OF XY-1 FIELD, OFFSHORE WESTERN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
BY S. O. OBAJE, E. A. OKOSUN, P. I. OLASEHINDE & E. UDENSI
> 15 specimens
> 5 “
< 5 “
UN
IDEN
ITFI
ED Z
ON
E
N1
5 -
N1
6N
14
MID
DLE
-
7983’ CU: 9.5 Ma FDO:
GLOBIGERINOIDES
EXTREMUS
10561’ CU: 11.5 Ma LDO:
GLOBOROTALIA CONTINUOSA
Blow (1969, 1979)
THIS STUDY BIOZONE
Figure 2: Planktic Foraminifera Biozones of TMB-1
Well
Figure 5: Planktic Foraminifera Biozones of TMB-5
Well
Figure 6: Planktic Foraminifera Biozones of TMB-6
Well
Figure 3: Planktic Foraminifera Biozones of TMB-2
Well
Figure 4: Planktic Foraminifera Biozones of TMB-4
Well
Depth
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
Gamma Log(API)0 150
Inte
rpre
ted
lit
ho
log
y
Deep Laterolog(ohm m/m)0.2 2000
Ch
ron
ostr
ati
gra
ph
y
5010
La
te M
ioce
ne
8930
12440
Mid
dle
Mio
ce
ne
Ag
e
Seq
uen
ce
5010
PG
C
7444
HS
T
7978
TS
T
8661
HS
T
8962
TS
T
9994
HS
T
10336
TS
T
10871
HS
T
11308
12440
TS
T
Lit
ho
str
ati
gra
ph
y
5010
Be
nin
Fo
rma
tio
n
7444
12440
Ag
ba
da
Fo
rma
tio
nF
orm
ati
on
DE
PO
SIT
ION
AL
EN
VIR
ON
ME
NT
5010
Up
pe
r S
ho
refa
ce
7444
Inte
rdis
trib
uta
rych
an
ne
l o
ve
rla
in b
yS
ha
llo
w M
ari
ne
Sh
ale
s
7889
Dis
trib
uta
ry C
ha
nn
el S
an
ds o
ve
rla
in b
y S
ha
llo
w m
ari
ne
sh
ale
s
9411
Ba
rrie
r B
ar
Sa
nd
de
po
sits o
ve
rla
in b
yM
arg
ina
l m
ari
ne
sh
ale
s
10339
Inte
rdis
trib
uta
ryC
ha
nn
el o
ve
rla
in b
yS
ha
llo
w m
ari
ne
Sh
ale
s
10871
Ch
an
ne
l S
an
ds
with
occa
sio
na
lS
ha
llo
w M
ari
ne
Sh
ale
s
11308
12440
Pro
de
lta
Sh
ale
sZ
on
e
Samples
Barr
en
5010
5060
5120
5180
5240
5300
5360
5420
5480
5540
5600
5660
5720
5780
5840
5900
5960
6020
6080
6140
6200
6260
6320
6380
6440
6500
6560
6680
6740
6800
6860
6920
6980
7040
7100
7160
7220
7280
7340
740074447460
7520
7580
7640
7700
7760
7820
7880
794079788000
8060
8120
8180
8240
8420
8480
8540
8600
86608661
8720
8780
8840
8900
89608962
9020
9080
9140
9260
9320
9380
9440
9500
9560
9620
9680
9740
9800
9860
9920
9980999410040
10100
10160
10220
10280
1033610340
10400
10460
10520
10580
10640
10700
10760
108201087110880
10940
11000
11060
11120
11180
11240
113001130811360
11420
11480
11540
11600
11660
11720
11780
11840119001191011930119601197012030
12090
12150
12210
12270
12330
12390
12440
Semi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Glo
big
eri
na
bu
llo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
na
pra
eb
ullo
ide
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ollii
Glo
bo
qu
ad
rin
a a
ltis
pir
a
Glo
bo
rota
lia
co
ntin
uo
sa
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ma
ye
ri
Orb
ulin
a u
niv
ers
a
Pla
nkto
nic
in
de
term
ina
te
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s o
bliq
uu
s
Orb
ulin
a s
utu
ralis
Glo
big
eri
nita
n
ap
ari
ma
en
sis
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s q
ua
dri
lob
atu
s
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s im
ma
turu
s
Glo
bo
rota
lia
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
na
sp
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s b
ullo
ide
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s e
xtr
em
us
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
p
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s tri
lob
us
Glo
bo
rota
loid
es v
ari
ab
ilis
Glo
bo
rota
lia
me
na
rdii
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
dis
jun
cta
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
ub
qu
ad
ratu
s
Sp
ha
ero
idin
ello
psis
sp
Glo
big
eri
ne
lla
ob
esa
Glo
big
eri
no
ide
s s
accu
life
rus
Glo
bo
rota
lia
sp
FOPSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
An
om
alin
ella
sp
Bo
livin
a s
ca
lpra
ta m
ioce
nic
a
Bri
za
lin
a s
p
Ca
lca
reo
us in
de
term
ina
te
Cri
ste
lla
ria
sp
Ep
on
ide
s s
p
Flo
rilu
s a
tla
nticu
s
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
4)
Ha
nza
wa
ia s
tra
tto
ni
He
tero
lep
a flo
rid
an
a
He
tero
lep
a p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
a
Le
nticu
lin
a in
orn
ata
Le
nticu
lin
a r
otu
lata
Oo
lin
a sp
Uvig
eri
na
ga
llo
wa
yi
Uvig
eri
na
pe
reg
rin
a
Ma
rgin
ulin
a c
osta
ta
Re
cto
gla
nd
ulin
a c
om
atu
la
Cib
icid
oid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
La
ge
na
str
iata
Cib
icid
es p
se
ud
ou
ng
eri
an
us
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a s
em
inu
lum
Le
nticu
lin
a s
p
Bu
lim
ina
sp
Glo
bo
ca
ssid
ulin
a s
ub
glo
bo
sa
Qu
inq
ue
locu
lin
a m
icro
co
sta
ta
Vir
gu
lin
a s
p
An
om
alin
oid
es s
p
Bo
livin
a s
p
Bu
lim
ina
acu
lea
ta
No
do
sa
ria
sp
Uvig
eri
na
su
bp
ere
gri
na
Ca
ncri
s a
uri
cu
lus
Ho
eg
lun
din
a e
leg
an
s
Sig
mo
ilin
a te
nu
is
Uvig
eri
na
sp
Am
mo
nia
be
cca
rii
Stilo
sto
me
lla
sp
Uvig
eri
na
au
be
ria
na
Ma
rgin
ulin
a sp
Am
ph
ico
ryn
a s
ca
lari
s c
au
da
ta
La
ge
na
co
sta
ta
Cib
ico
rbis
in
fla
ta
Uvig
eri
na
m
an
tae
sis
No
nio
ne
lla
au
ris
Ep
on
ide
s e
sh
ira
Ep
on
ide
s io
jim
ae
nsis
Cib
icid
oid
es s
p
La
ge
na
sp
Flo
rilu
s c
ostife
rum
(N
on
ion
6)
Fis
su
rin
a sp
Pra
eg
lob
ob
ulim
ina
ova
ta
FOBCSemi-quantitative, (Default Abundance Scheme)
In-Situ occurrences
Alv
eo
lop
hg
ram
ium
cra
ssu
m
Ha
plo
ph
gra
mo
ide
s s
p
Ha
plo
ph
rag
mo
ide
s c
om
pre
ssa
Alv
eo
lop
hra
gm
ium
su
bg
lob
osu
m
Po
rite
xtu
lari
a p
an
am
en
sis
Tro
ch
am
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Micro. Palaeoenvironment
*1
Co
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Mid
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Well Name : TOMBOY-1Operator : OBAJE SOLOMON
Well Code: TOMBOY-1
Interval : 5010' - 12440'
Scale : 1:5000
Chart date: 06 August 2008 Project
Chart
: BIOSTRAT
: TOM-1COMMENT
7977.76' CU : 9.5 Ma MFS-FDO:UVIGERINASPARSISCOSTATA,DISCOASTERHAMATUS
10336.45' CU : 11.5 Ma MFS-FDO:GLOBOROTALIAOBESA
11307.58' CU : 12.8 Ma MFS-FDO: CASSIDULINANEOCARINATA
BIOEVENTS Depth
5250'
5500'
5750'
6000'
6250'
6500'
6750'
7000'
7250'
7500'
7750'
8000'
8250'
8500'
8750'
9000'
9250'
9500'
9750'
10000'
10250'
10500'
10750'
11000'
11250'
11500'
11750'
12000'
12250'
Base Lithology
clay
shale/mudstone
silty mudstone
siltstone
argillaceous sil tstone
sandy siltstone
sandstone (fine - medium)
argillaceous sandstone
mixed sandstone (70% coarse)
Text Keys*1 PALEOWATER DEPTH
7977’ CU: 9.5 Ma LDO:
GLOBIGERINOIDES
EXTREMUS
10336’ CU: 11.5 Ma LDO:
GLOBOROTALIA CONTINUOSA
11307’ CU: 12.8 Ma FDO:
GLOBIGERINOIDES
SUBQUADRATUS
> 15 specimens
> 5 “
< 5 “
8961’ CU: 10.4 Ma FDO:
GLOBOROTALIA MENARDII s.l.
N13
N14
N15
N16
Blow (1969, 1979)
PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA BIOZONATION AND CORRELATION OF XY-1 FIELD, OFFSHORE WESTERN NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
BY S. O. OBAJE, E. A. OKOSUN, P. I. OLASEHINDE & E. UDENSI
Well Name: TMB-1
Interval: 5010’-12440’
Scale: 1:5000
Chart Date: 06 August, 2008
Globigerinoides
subquadratus
Globorotalia
obliquus
Globigerinoides
extremus
THIS STUDY BIOZONE
Figure 2: Planktic Foraminifera Biozones of TMB-1
Well
Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
163
Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
164
(B) Lithostratigraphy
The gamma ray log analytical data indicate two
lithostratigraphic units in the XY-1 Field, namely: the
paralic Agbada and the continental Benin Formations
that are recognized in the onshore and offshore Niger
Delta basin [13], [16]. The ditch cutting samples from
the five wells corroborate the fact that the Agbada
Formation is a sequence of sandstones alternating with
shales/mudstones with sands predominating in the upper
section. The log interpretation shows Agbada Formation
as largely made up of a sequence of shale/mudstone
alternating with variable, thick-bedded channel
sandstones with coarsening upward and occasionally
fining upward signatures. The Benin Formation consists
of fluviatile gravels and sands. It has massive, highly
porous, freshwater-bearing sandstones, with local thin
shale interbeds, which are considered to be of braided
stream origin (Figures 2-7). This is also consistent with
the binocular microscope study data.
In the Agbada Formation, the shallowest depth
penetrated was 2,268.93 m, in TMB-1 well, while the
deepest of 3,962.40 m was penetrated in TMB-6 well
(Table 1). Also, in the Agbada Formation, the
lithostratigraphic thicknesses in the well depth intervals
ranged from 1,014.07 m in TMB-6 to 1,510.59 m in
TMB-1 wells, and TMB-2, 4 and 5 wells lie within this
range of values (Table 2). In the XY-1 Field, the
shallowest depth penetrated in the Benin Formation was
731.52 m in TMB-4 well while the deepest depth of
2,948.33 m was in TMB-6 well (Table 1). Lastly, the
lithostratigraphic thicknesses in the well depth intervals
ranged from 741.88 m in TMB-1 to 1,726.08 m in TMB-
6 wells with TMB-2, 4 and 5 wells within the above-
mentioned range values (Table 2).
(C) Correlation of XY-1 Field
In TMB-1 and TMB-2 wells, three planktic biozones,
namely: Globigerinoides subquadratus (Zone N13-N14),
Globigerinoides obliquus (Zone N14-N15), and
Globigerinoides extremus (Zone N15-N16) were
identified and used to correlate the wells’ strata.
However, they were not identified in TMB-4 because the
biozone marker fossils were not detected. In TMB-5 and
TMB-6 wells, only Globigerinoides subquadratus (Zone
N13-N14) and Globorotalia obliquus (Zone N14-N15)
were identified and employed for correlation (Figure 7).
V. CONCLUSION
The five wells were correlated using established planktic
foraminiferal biozones (Figure 7). As planktic
foraminifera are free-floaters that cover wide
oceanographic areas, these biozones are useful in
furthering the knowledge of the offshore Niger Delta
geology. The biozones identified from the studied wells’
strata, Globigerinoides subquadratus (Zone N13-N14),
Globigerinoides obliquus (Zone N14-N15) and
Globigerinoides extremus (Zone N15-N16), indicate
Middle to Late Miocene age for the strata.
Two lithostratigraphic units that correspond with the
paralic Agbada and the continental Benin Formations
were recognized in the XY-1 Field.
Table 1: Lithostratigraphic Data of XY-1 Field
FORMATION TMB-1 DEPTH
(M)
TMB-2 DEPTH
(M)
TMB-4 DEPTH
(M)
TMB-5 DEPTH
(M)
TMB-6 DEPTH
(M)
BENIN 1,527.05-2,268.93 1,527.05-2,282.95 731.52-2,273.81 1,219.20-2,417.98 1,222.25-2,948.33
AGBADA 2,268.93-3,779.52 2,420.11-3,791.71 2,273.81-3,489.96 2,417.98-3,535.68 2,948.33-3,962.40
Table 2: Lithostratigraphic Thicknesses of Well Depth Intervals of XY-1 Field
FORMATION TMB-1
THICKNESS
(M)
TMB-2
THICKNESS
(M)
TMB-4
THICKNESS (M)
TMB-5
THICKNESS
(M)
TMB-6
THICKNESS
(M)
BENIN 741.88 755.90 1,542.29 1,198.78 1,726.08
AGBADA 1,510.59 1,371.60 1,216.15 1,117.70 1,014.07
Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
165
REFERENCES
[1]. Adeniran, B. V., 1997. Quantitative Neogene
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to express their gratitude to Prof. M. O.
Odebode and the anonymous reviewers for their
constructive and significant contribution in the review of
this paper.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
S. O. Obaje is currently an officer in the Director cadre
at the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency. He has more
than twenty-three years working experience straddling
the academia and the industry. He holds the Doctor of
Philosophy degree in Geology
(Biostratigraphy/Sequence Stratigraphy) from the
Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. He is
a Nigerian Federal Government, CGG-Veritas-NAPE
and World Bank Step-B scholar, an active member of
the Nigerian Mining and Geosciences Society and the
Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists. He is
a registered geoscientist with the Council of Mining
Engineers and Geosciences (COMEG). Also, he is
registered with the Computer Professionals Registration
Council of Nigeria and the Nigerian Computer Society.
He has research interest in geochemistry, biostratigraphy,
sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and the
application of computers in geology.
Volume 3 No.3, March 2013 ISSN 2224-3577
International Journal of Science and Technology
©2013 IJST. All rights reserved
http://www.ejournalofsciences.org
166
E. A. Okosun is a professor of Geology at the Federal
University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. He holds the
Doctor of Philosophy degree in Geology
(Biostratigraphy) from the University College, London.
He is a fellow of the Nigerian Mining and Geosciences
Society (NMGS) and a registered geoscientist with the
Council of Mining Engineers and Geosciences
(COMEG). He has supervised several Ph.D. theses in
Geology. He serves as external examiner to several
universities in Nigeria. Besides serving on the COMEG
Board, he was a member-in-council of the NMGS. He is
a resource person to the Nigerian Geological Survey
Agency and a consultant to several government and
private organizations He has held research tenures in
Shell Petroleum Development Company and several
research laboratories in Germany and Great Britain. His
main research interest is in Biostratigraphy.
