Journal: How to Get Published

7/27/2019 Journal: How to Get Published

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How to Get Published in a

Research Journal

May 2013


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Workshop Outline

How to get Published Before you begin

Select your audience

The article structure

The review and editorial process

What not to do... (author ethics)


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What is it that distinguishes a very goodmanuscript from a bad one?


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Source: M A Mabe The number and growth of journals Serials 16(2).191-7, 2003

No of titles launched and still published in 2001

1

100

10000

1665 1765 1865 1965

Year

2009

1,400,000 articles

23,000 journals 2,000 publishers

Philosophical

Transactions

of the Royal

Society (London)

November 2012

Peer-Reviewed Journal Growth

1665-2001


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Research ImpactUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Powered by Scopus


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Research Impact Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Powered by Scopus


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Research Impact Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Powered by Scopus


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Journal Publishing Volume

Solicit and

manage

submissions

Manage

peer

review

Edit and

prepareProduction

Publish and

disseminate

TextArchive andpromote

Organize editorial boards

Launch new specialist journals

600,000+ article submissions per year

40%-90% of articles

rejected 200,000 reviewers

1 million reviewer

reports per year

7,000 editors

70,000 editorial board

members

280,000 new articles produced /

year 190 years of back issues

scanned, processed and data-

tagged

11 mill ion researchers

5,000+ institutions

180+ countries

480 million downloads per year

3 million print pages per year

11 million articlesavailable

1,000 new editors per year

20 new journals per year

6.5 million author/

publisher

communications per

year

November 2012


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Trends in Publishing

Rapid conversion from print to electronic 1997 Print only

2009 55% e-only (mostly e-collections)25% print only20% print-plus-electronic

Changing role of journals due to e-access Increased usage of articles

At lower cost per article

Electronic submission

Increased manuscript inflow Experimentation with new publishing models

E.g. author pays models, delayed open access,etc.

November 2012


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Elsevier open access journal portfolio includes:

Latest Additions Full Gold:

Applied & Translational Genomics Cell Reports

FEBS Open Bio

Gynecologic Oncology Case Reports

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug resistance

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

Medical Mycology Case Reports

Physics of the Dark Universe

Redox Biology

Results in Immunology

28 pure gold open access journals (author paid journals).

1500 Hybrid journals

74 green open access, articles are free to access after a certain number of months.

http://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-journals
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/applied-and-translational-genomics/http://www.journals.elsevier.com/applied-and-translational-genomics/


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Why Publish?

However, editors, reviewers, and the researchcommunity dont consider these reasons whenassessing your work.


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Keep in mind

. your published papers, as a

permanent record of your research,

are your passport to

your community !


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You should consider publishing if you have information

that advances understanding in a specific research field

Determine if you are ready to publish

This could be in the form of: Presenting new, original results or methods Rationalizing, refining, or reinterpreting published results

Reviewing or summarizing a particular subject or field

What NOT to publish: Reports of no scientific interest Out of date work Duplications of previously published work Incorrect/unacceptable conclusions

If you are ready to publish, a strong

manuscript is what is needed next


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What is a strong manuscript?

Has a clear, useful, and exciting message

Presented and constructed in a logical manner

Reviewers and editors can grasp the significanceeasily

Editors and reviewers are all busy people

make things easy to save their time


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How To Get Your Article Published

Before you start


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Too many researchers have abandoned all the valueof libraries when they stopped going therephysically!

There is more than

Learn what online resources are available at yourinstitute, and learn to search in a clever way.

Haglund and Olson, 2008:

researchers have difficulties in identifying correct search

terms. Searches are often unsuccessful.

Refine your Search strategies


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Use the advanced search options

Within Google and Google

Scholar use the advanced

searches and check out the

Search Tips.

In ScienceDirect, Scopus,

WoS/WoK and other

databases use proximity

operators:

w/n

pre/n

E.g. wind w/3 energy

Within - (non order specific)

Precedes - (order specific)


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Practical Advice

Find out whats Hot

http://info.scopus.com/topcited/ http://top25.sciencedirect.com/

http://www.scitopics.com/

Find the trends of the subject area Search tips (including alerts)

Journals, authors, publications per year (Scopus)

Evaluate which journal is right for your article Impact Factor

Subject Specific Impact Factor (http://tinyurl.com/scopusimpact)

SCImago Journal & Country Ranking (http://scimagojr.com/)

Journal Analyzer

SNIP (using Scopus)

h-Index

Find out more about the journals Who are the editors?

Guide for authors

IF
http://info.scopus.com/topcited/http://top25.sciencedirect.com/http://www.scitopics.com/http://scimagojr.com/http://scimagojr.com/http://www.scitopics.com/http://top25.sciencedirect.com/http://info.scopus.com/topcited/


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Find out whats Hot (downloads)


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Find out what is being cited


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Find out who is being cited


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Find out who is being cited


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Find out who is being cited in more depth


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Think about WHY you want to publish yourwork.

Is it new and interesting?

Is it a current hot topic? Have you provided solutions to some

difficult problems?

Are you ready to publish at this point?

Ifall answers are yes, then startpreparations for your manuscript

Questions to answer before you write


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Decide the most appropriate type of manuscript

Conference Papers Full articles/Original articles

Short communications/letters

Review papers/perspectives

Self-evaluate your work: Is it sufficient for a fullarticle? Or are your results so thrilling that they needto be shown as soon as possible?

Ask your supervisor and colleagues for advice onmanuscript type. Sometimes outsiders see thingsmore clearly than you.


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Conference Papers

Excellent for disseminating early or in-progress research findings

Typically 5-10 pages, 3 figures, 15 references

Draft and submit the paper to conference

organisers Good way to start a scientific research career

Sample Conference Paper titles:

Global Warming Prevention Technologies in Japan at 6 th Greenhouse GasControl Technologies International Conference

Power consumption in slurry systems at 10th European Conference onMixing


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Full articles/Original article

Standard for disseminating completed research findings

Typically 8-10 pages, 5 figures, 25 references

Draft and submit the paper to appropriate journal

Good way to build a scientific research career

Sample full article titles:

Hydrodynamic study of a liquid/solid fluidized bed under transverseelectromagnetic field

Retinoic acid regulation of the MespRipply feedback loop during vertebratesegmental patterning

Establishing a reference range for bone turnover markers in young, healthywomen


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Short Communications Articles

Quick and early communications of significant,original advances.

Much shorter than full articles.

Sample Short Communications titles:

Rap1 Signaling Prevents L-Type Calcium Channel-DependentNeurotransmitter Release.

Molecular Scale Simulation ofHomopolymer Wall Slip

New Method for Gravitational Wave Detection with Atomic Sensors


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Review papers/perspectives

Critical synthesis of a specific research topic

Typically 10+ pages, 5+ figures, 80 references

Typically solicited by journal editors

Good way to consolidate a scientific research career

Sample full article titles:

Advances in the allogeneic transplantation for thalassemia Stress and how bacteria cope with death and survival Quantifying the transmission potential of pandemic influenza


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Citations impact varies by publication type

based on articles published 1996 (in English) in Materials Science journals or conference proceedings


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Choose the right journal

Do not just descend the stairs

Top journals

Nature, Science, Lancet, NEJM, ......

Field-specific top journals

Other field-specific journals

National journals


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Investigate all candidate journals to find out

Aims and scope

Accepted types of articles

Readership

Current hot topics

go through the abstracts of recent publications)

Ask yourself the following questions: Is the journal peer-reviewed?

Who is this journals audience?

What is the journals Impact Factor?


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Identify the right audience for your paper

Identify the sector of

readership/community for

which a paper is meant

Identify the interest of your audience

Is your paper of local or international interest


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Ask for help from your supervisor or colleagues The supervisor (who is often a co-author) has co-responsibility for

your work.

DO NOT gamble by submitting your manuscript to morethan one journal at a time. International ethics standards prohibit multiple/simultaneous

submissions, and editors WILL find out! (see also our webcast onpublishing ethics www.elsevier.com/editorsupdate).

TIP: Articles in your references will

likely lead you to the right journal.


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Journal Finder Tool


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http://www.elsevier.com/authors/home


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An international editor says

The following problems appearmuch too frequently

Submission of papers which are clearly out of scope

Failure to format the paper according to the Guide for

Authors Inappropriate (or no) suggested reviewers

Inadequate response to reviewers

Inadequate standard of English

Resubmission of rejected manuscripts without revision

Paul Haddad, Editor,Journal of Chromatography A


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Stick to the Guide for Authors in your manuscript, even in the first draft

(text layout, nomenclature, figures & tables, references etc.).In the end it will save you time, and also the editors.

Editors (and reviewers) do not like wasting time on poorly preparedmanuscripts. It is a sign of disrespect.

Read the Guide to Authors- Again and again!


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Summary

What steps do I need to take before I write mypaper?

Determine if you are ready to publish

Decide on the type of manuscript

Choose the target journal

Check the Guide for Authors


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Thought Question

What are some characteristics of the

best manuscript writing youhave seen?


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Why Is Language Important?

Save your editor and reviewers the trouble of guessingwhat you mean

Complaint from an editor:

[This] paper fell well below my threshold. I refuse to spendtime trying to understand what the author is trying to say.

Besides, I really want to send a message that they can't submit

garbage to us and expect us to fix it. My rule of thumb is that

if there are more than 6 grammatical errors in the abstract,then I don't waste my time carefully reading the rest.


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Do publishers correct language?

No. It is the authors responsibility to makesure his paper is in its best possible formwhen submitted for publication

However: Publishers often provide resources for authors who

are less familiar with the conventions ofinternational journals. Please check yourpublishers author website for more information.

Some publishers may perform technical screeningprior to peer review.

Visit http://webshop.elsevier.com for translationand language editing services.


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Write with clarity, objectivity, accuracy, and brevity

Manuscript Language Overview

Key to successful manuscript writing is to be

alert to common errors:

Sentence construction

Incorrect tenses

Inaccurate grammar

Mixing languages

Check the Guide for Authors of the target journal

for any language specifications


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Manuscript Language Sentences

Write direct and short sentences One idea or piece of information per

sentence is sufficient

Avoid multiple statements in one sentence

An example of what NOT to do:

If it is the case, intravenous administration should result in that emulsion has

higher intravenous administration retention concentration, but which is not in

accordance with the result, and therefore the more rational interpretation

should be that SLN with mean diameter of 46nm is greatly different from

emulsion with mean diameter of 65 nm in entering tumor, namely, it isprobably difficult for emulsion to enter and exit from tumor blood vessel as

freely as SLN, which may be caused by the fact that the tumor blood vessel

aperture is smaller.

A possible modification:It was expected that the intravenous administration via emulsion

would have a higher retention concentration. However, the

experimental results suggest otherwise. The SLN entered the tumor

blood vessel more easily than the emulsion. This may be due to the

smaller aperture of the SLN (46 nm) compared with the aperture of the

emulsion (65 nm).


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Manuscript Language Tenses

Present tense for known facts and hypotheses:The average life of a honey bee is 6 weeks

Past tense for experiments you have conducted:

All the honey bees were maintained in an environmentwith a consistent temperature of 23 degrees centigrade

Past tense when you describe the results of anexperiment:

The average life span of bees in our containedenvironment was 8 weeks


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Manuscript Language Grammar

Use active voice to shorten sentences Passive voice: It has been found that there had

been

Active voice: We found that

Passive voice: carbon dioxide was consumed bythe plant

Active voice: the plant consumed carbondioxide..

Avoid abbreviations: its, werent,

hasnt Never use them in scientific writing Only use abbreviations for units of measure or

established scientific abbreviations, e.g. DNA


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Manuscript Language Grammar

Minimize use of adverbs: However,In addition, Moreover

Eliminate redundant phrases

Double-check unfamiliar words or

phrasesNever say and references therein - as in [1] and [25]. Any intelligent

reader knows to look at the references in a paper in order to get even more

information. - Editor

Delete In present report. It is impossible for it to be in a different report!

You start the conclusions "In this report, we have prepared....." This is

nonsense. The samples were prepared in the laboratory! -Editor


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Language

Finally, you should use English throughout themanuscript, including figures.


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Summary

How can I ensure I am using proper manuscript

language?

Proper manuscript language is important sothat editors and reviewers can easilyunderstand your messages

Refer to the journals Guide for Authors forspecifications

Check that your paper has short sentences,

correct tenses, correct grammar, and is all inEnglish

Have a native English speaker check yourmanuscript or use a language editing service


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How do I build up my article

properly?


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General Structure of a Research Article

Title

Abstract Keywords

Main text (IMRAD)

Introduction

Methods Results

And

Discussions

Conclusion Acknowledgement

References

Supplementary Data

Journal space is not unlimited, more

importantly, your readers time is scarce.

Make your article as concise as possible.

Make them easy for indexing and

searching! (informative, attractive,effective)

Th f i i b ildi h i l


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Methods Results Discussion

Conclusion

Figures/tables (your data)

Introduction

Title & Abstract

The process of writing building the article


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Title

A good title should contain thefewestpossible

words that adequatelydescribe the content of a

paper.

Effective titles Identify the main issue of the paper

Begin with the subject of the paper Are accurate, unambiguous, specific, and complete

Are as short as possible

Articles with short, catchy titles are often better

cited Do not contain rarely-used abbreviations

Attract readers - Remember: readers are the

potential authors who will cite your article


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Title


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Abstract

is freely available in electronic abstracting & indexing

services [PubMed, Medline, Embase, SciVerse Scopus, ....]

This is the advertisement of your article. Make it

interesting, and easy to be understood without

reading the whole article.

You must be accurate and specific!

A clear abstract will strongly influence whether or

not your work is further considered. Keep it as briefas possible!!!

We tackle the general linear instantaneous model (possibly underdeterminedand noisy) where we model the source prior with a Student tdistribution. Theconjugate-exponential characterisation of the tdistribution as an infinitemixture of scaled Gaussians enables us to do efficient inference. We study twowell-known inference methods, Gibbs sampler and variational Bayes forBayesian source separation. We derive both techniques as local message

passing algorithms to highlight their algorithmic similarities and to contrasttheir different convergence characteristics and computational requirements.Our simulation results suggest that typical posterior distributions in sourceseparation have multiple local maxima. Therefore we propose a hybridapproach where we explore the state space with a Gibbs sampler and thenswitch to a deterministic algorithm. This approach seems to be able tocombine the speed of the variational approach with the robustness of theGibbs sampler.

What are the

main findings

What has

been done


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Keywords

Used by indexing and abstracting services

They are the labels of your manuscript.

In an electronic world, keywords determine whether your article

is found or not!

Use only established abbreviations (e.g. DNA)

Check the Guide for Authors

Avoid making them too general (drug delivery, mouse, disease, etc.)

too narrow (so that nobody will ever search for it)

Effective approach:Look at the keywords of articles relevant to your manuscript

Play with these keywords, and see whether they return relevantpapers, neither too many nor too few

Article Title KeywordsSilo music and silo quake: granular flow-induced

vibration

Silo music, Silo quake, stick-slip flow, resonance,

creep, granular discharge

An experimental study on evacuated tube solar

collector using supercritical CO2

Solar collector; Supercritical CO2; Solar energy;

Solar thermal utilization


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Introduction

Provide context to convince readers that youclearly know why your work is useful

Be brief

Clearly address the following:

What is the problem?

Are there any existing solutions?

Which solution is the best?

What is its main limitation?

What do you hope to achieve?

Try to be consistent with the nature of the journal

Sample 1st paragraph of an Introduction

Zhang, XR; Yamaguchi, H. An experimental study on evacuated tube solar

collector using supercritical CO2 Appli ed Thermal Engineeri ng Elsevier


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Pay attention to the following

Before you present your new data, put them into

perspective first

Be brief, it is not a history lesson

Do not mix introduction, results, discussion andconclusions. Keep them separate

Do not overuse expressions such as novel, first

time, first ever, paradigm shift, etc.

Cite only relevant references

Otherwise the editor and the reviewer may think you dont

have a clue what you are writing about


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Ethics Committee approval

Experiments on humans or animals mustfollow applicable ethics standards e.g. most recent version of the Helsinki Declaration

and/or relevant (local, national, international) animalexperimentation guidelines

Approval of the local ethics committee isrequired, and should be specified in themanuscript

Editors can make their own decisions as to

whether the experiments were done in anethically acceptable manner Sometimes local ethics approvals are below

internationally accepted standards


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Results what have you found?

Tell a clear and easy-to-understand story. RED THREAD Be structured (sub-headings)

The following should be included:

The main findings Thus not all findings (Add Supplementary Materials for data of

secondary importance)

Findings from experiments described in the Methods section

Highlight findings that differ from findings in previous

publications, and unexpected findings

Results of the statistical analysis

R lt Fi d t bl


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" One Picture is

Worth

a Thousand Wor ds"

Sue Hanauer (1968)

Results Figures and tables

Illustrations are critical, because

Figures and tables are the most efficient way topresent results and;

Results are the driving force of the publication

Captions and legends must bedetailed enough to make figures andtables self-explanatory

No duplication of results describedin text or other illustrations


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A good figure A bad figure

hs/R =0.69 Fr1/3

Di i h h l ?


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Discussion- what the results mean?

It is the most important section of your article. Here you get the chance toSELL your data!

Many manuscripts are rejected because the Discussion is weak

Check for the following:

How do your results relate to the original question or objectivesoutlined in the Introduction section?

Do you provide interpretation for each of your results presented? Are your results consistent with what other investigators have reported?

Or are there any differences? Why?

Are there any limitations?

Does the discussion logically lead to your conclusion?

Do not

Make statements that go beyond what the results can support

Suddenly introduce new terms or ideas

Sample 1st paragraph of an Discussion section

Muite, B.K., Quinn, S.F., Sundaresan, S., Rao, K.K.. Silo music and siloquake: granular flow-induced vibration Powder Technology. Elsevier


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Do not use too many references

Always ensure you have fully absorbed material you

are referencing and do not just rely on checkingexcerpts or isolated sentences

Avoid excessive self-citations

Avoid excessive citations of publications from thesame region

Conform strictly to the style given in the Guide forAuthors

References

Cite the main scientific publications on which

your work is based

Muite, B.K., Quinn, S.F., Sundaresan, S., Rao, K.K.. Silo music and silo

quake: granular flow-induced vibration Powder Technology. Elsevier

A k l d t


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Acknowledgments

Ensures those who helped in the research arerecognised

(you want them to help again, dont you?)

Include individuals who have assisted with your study,including:

Advisors

Financial supporters

Proofreaders

Typists

Suppliers who may have given materials


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Summary

How do I build up my article properly?

Title Abstract

Keywords

Main text (IMRAD)

Introduction Methods

Results

And

Discussions

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

Supporting Materials

Structure your article properly

Make sure each section of thepaper fulfills its purpose clearlyand concisely

Cover Letter


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Cover Letter

Cover Letter


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Cover Letter

Your chance to speak to the editor directly

Submitted along with your manuscript

Mention what would make your manuscript specialto the journal

Note special requirements (suggest reviewers,

conflicts of interest)

Final approval from all

authors

Explanation of

importance of research

Suggested reviewers

Authorship


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Authorship

Policies regarding authorship can vary One example: the International Committee of

Medical Journal Editors (Vancouver Group)declared that an author must:

1. substantially contributeto conception and design, or

acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data;2. draftthe article orreviseit critically for important

intellectual content; and

3. give their approvalof the final full version to be published.

4. ALL threeconditions must be fulfilled to be an author!

All others would qualify as Acknowledged Individuals

Authorship


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Authorship

General principles for who is listed first

First Author

Conducts and/or supervises the data generation and analysis and

the proper presentation and interpretation of the results

Puts paper together and submits the paper to journal

Corresponding author

The first author or a senior author from the institution

Avoid

Ghost Authorship

leaving out authors who should be included Gift Authorship

including authors who did not contribute significantly

Spelling names: Be consistent!

Suggest potential reviewers


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Suggest potential reviewers

Your suggestions will help the Editor to move your

manuscript to the review stage more efficiently.

You can easily find potential reviewers and their

contact details from articles in your specific subject

area (e.g., your references).

The reviewers should represent at least two

regions of the world. And they should not be

your supervisor or close friends.

Be prepared to suggest 3-6 potential reviewers,

based on the Guide to Authors.

Suggest potential reviewers ethically!


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Suggest potential reviewers - ethically!

Do everything to make your submission a success


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Do everything to make your submission a success

No one gets it right the first time!

Write, and re-write .

Suggestions

After writing a first version, take several days of rest.

Come back with a critical, fresh view. Ask colleagues and supervisor to review your

manuscript. Ask them to be highly critical, and be opento their suggestions.

Finally, SUBMIT your manuscript with a cover

letter and await a response

After submission


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Submit a

paper

Basic requirements met?

REJECT

Assign

reviewers

Collect reviewers

recommendations

Make a

decisionRevise the

paper

[Reject]

[Revision required]

[Accept]

[Yes]

[No] Review and giverecommendation

START

ACCEPT

Author Editor Reviewer

After submission

Michael Derntl. Basics of Research Paper Writing and Publishing.

http://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdf

Desk reject
http://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdfhttp://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdfhttp://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdfhttp://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdfhttp://www.pri.univie.ac.at/~derntl/papers/meth-se.pdf


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Why?

The peer-review system is grossly overloadedand editors wish to use reviewers only forthose papers with a good probability ofacceptance.

It is a disservice to ask reviewers to spendtime on work that has clear and evidentdeficiencies.

Desk- reject

Many journals use a system of initial editorial review. Editorsmay reject a manuscript without sending it for review

First Decision: Accepted or Rejected


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First Decision: Accepted or Rejected

Accepted Very rare, but it happens

Congratulations!

Cake for the department

Now wait for page proofs and

then for your article to be online

and in print

Rejected Probability 40-90% ...

Do not despair

It happens to everybody

Try to understand WHY

Consider reviewers advice

Be self-critical

If you submit to another

journal, begin as if it were a

new manuscript

Take advantage of the reviewers

comments

They may review your manuscript

for the other journal too! Read the Guide for Authors of the

new journal, again and again.

First Decision: Major or Minor Revision


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First Decision: Major or Minor Revision

Major revision

The manuscript may finally be published in the journal

Significant deficiencies must be corrected before

acceptance

Usually involves (significant) textual modifications and/or

additional experiments

Minor revision

Basically, the manuscript is worth being published

Some elements in the manuscript must be clarified,

restructured, shortened (often) or expanded (rarely)

Textual adaptations

Minor revision does NOT guarantee acceptance after

revision!

Manuscript Revision


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Manuscript Revision

Prepare a detailed Response Letter

Copy-paste each reviewer comment, and type your response below it State specifically which changes you have made to the manuscript

Include page/line numbers

No general statements like Comment accepted, and Discussion changed

accordingly.

Provide a scientificresponse to comments to accept, .....

..... or a convincing, solid and polite rebuttal when you feel the reviewer was

wrong.

Write in such a manner, that your response can be forwarded to the reviewer

without prior editing

Do not do yourself a disfavour, but cherish your work You spent weeksand monthsin the lab or the library to do the research

It took you weeksto write the manuscript.........

.....Why then run the ri sk of avoidable rejection

by not taking manuscript revision ser iously?

Increasing the likelihood of acceptance


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Increasing the likelihood of acceptance

All these various steps are not difficult

You have to be consistent.

You have to check and recheck before submitting.

Make sure you tell a logical, clear, story about your findings.

Especially, take note of referees comments.

This should increase the l ike lihood of yo ur paper beingaccepted, and being in the 30% (accepted) no t the 70%

(rejected) gro up !


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Data fabrication and falsification


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Fabricat ion:Making up data or results, and

recording or reporting them

the fabrication of research data hi ts at the heart of our

responsib i l i ty to society, the reputation of our institution, the trust

between the public and the biomedical research community, and

our personal credibility and that of our mentors, colleagues

It can waste the t ime of oth ers, trying to replicate false data or

designing experiments based on false premises, and can lead to

therapeutic errors. It can never be tolerated.Professor Richard Hawkes

Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy

University of Calgary

The most dangerous of all falsehoods is aslightly distorted truth.

G.C.Lichtenberg (1742-1799)



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Falsi f icat ion:

Manipulation of research materials, equipment, processes

Changes in / omission of data or results such that the research is notaccurately represented in the research record

Select data to fit a preconceived hypothesis:

We do not include (data from) an experiment because it did not work, or

We show representativeimages that do not reflect the total data set, or

We simply shelve data that do not fit.

Richard Hawkes


Data Fabrication & Falsification - often go hand in hand


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Data Fabrication & Falsification - often go hand in hand

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A Massive Case Of Fraud

Chemical & Engineering News

February 18, 2008

Journal editors are left reeling as

publishers move to rid their

archives of scientist's falsified

research

William G. Schulz

A CHEMIST IN INDIA has been

found guilty of plagiarizing and/or

falsifying more than 70 research

papers published in a wide variety

of Western scientific journals

between 2004 and 2007, according

to documents from his university,

copies of which were obtained by

C&EN. Some journal editors left

reeling by the incident say it is oneof the most spectacular and

outrageous cases of scientific

fraud they have ever seen.

Plagiarism


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Plagiarism

A short-cut to long-term consequences!

Plagiarism is considered a serious offense by your institute, by

journal editors, and by the scientific community.

Plagiarism may result in academic charges, but will certainly

cause rejection of your paper.

Plagiarism will hurt your reputation in the scientificcommunity.

Duplicate Publication


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Duplicate Publication

Two or more papers, without full cross reference, share the same

hypotheses, data, discussion points, or conclusions

An author should not submit for consideration in another journal apreviously published paper.

Published studies do not need to be repeated unless furtherconfirmation is required.

Previous publication of an abstract during the proceedings ofconferences does not preclude subsequent submission for publication,but full disclosure should be made at the time of submission.

Re-publication of a paper in another language is acceptable, providedthat there is full and prominent disclosure of its original source at thetime of submission.

At the time of submission, authors should disclose details of relatedpapers, even if in a different language, and similar papers in press.

This includes translations

Plagiarism Detection Tools


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Plagiarism Detection Tools

Elsevier is participating in 2 plagiarism detection

schemes: TurnItIn (aimed at universities)

IThenticate (aimed at publishers and corporations)

Manuscripts are checked against a database of 20

million peer reviewed articles which have been donated

by 50+ publishers, including Elsevier.All post-1994 Elsevier journal content is now included,

and the pre-1995 is being steadily added week-by-week

Editors and reviewers

Your colleagues "Other whistleblowers

The walls have ears", it seems ...

Publication ethics Self-plagiarism


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Publication ethics Self plagiarism

Same colour left

and right

Same text

2003 2004


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An article in which the authors committed plagiarism: it will not be

removed from ScienceDirect ever. Everybody who downloads it will

see the reason for the retraction

Publication ethics How it can end .....


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Publication ethics How it can end .....

Figure Manipulation some things are allowed


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g p g

Figure ManipulationE l Diff t th d t d i t


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Example - Different authors and reported experiments

Am J Pathol, 2001 Life Sci, 2004

Life Sci, 2004Rotated 180o

Rotated 180o

Zoomed out ?!

What leads to acceptance ?


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p

Attention to details Check and double check your work

Consider the reviewers comments

English must be as good as possible

Presentation is important

Take your time with revision Acknowledge those who have helped you

New, original and previously unpublished

Critically evaluate your own manuscript

Ethical rules must be obeyed

Nigel John Cook

Editor-in-Chief, Ore Geology Reviews

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There are lots of online resources....


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Elsevier and many other publishers give lots of

helpful advice, as do many scientific

societies and universities go look!

For writing/submission tips and author services:www.elsevier.com/authors

For online trainings and tutorials:

http://trainingdesk.elsevier.com

For reviewer information and guidelines:

www.elsevier.com/reviewers

Questions?


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What defines a Great Scientist Scientific honesty

Ideas and visions

Good taste of problem Precision

Technical skills

Be critical Hard work

Documents

Journal: How to Get Published