Journal #1-What do you know about Abraham Lincoln? Why do you think he is so revered by Americans?

HOMEWORK:Period 6: Chapter 20A due tomorrow.Period 7: Chapter 20A due in two classes.

DO NOW:

The First Battles of the Long Road Ahead

Civil War, Day 2

Americans expect a short war, but the two sides are unevenly matched.

What were some advantages of the North?◦ Disadvantages?

What were some advantages of the South?◦ Disadvantages?

Short War?

Each group member will be responsible for one battle.◦ Read the battle background information, then fill

out the sections of your graphic organizer.

Come back together and fill out the remainder of the organizer.

When complete, answer the “Early Civil War Battles Questions” together.

BATTLES ACTIVITY

Three months after Fort Sumter

Lincoln ordered an army of 30,000 inexperienced men to move toward Richmond.

Came upon the equally inexperienced Confederate Army at BULL RUN

The battle commenced◦ Went back and forth, Confederate

victory.◦ Union retreated to the capital◦ Confederates were too tired to

follow up their victory with an attack on D.C.

Battle of Bull Run

Confederates say, “Bull Run has secured our

independence!”

Many Southern soldiers went home, confident

the war was over.

Lincoln responded to the defeat by calling for the enlistment of 500,000 men-◦ Serve for three years instead of three months

Appointed General George McClellan◦ Set up camp near Washington◦ Drilled men◦ “The Army of the Potomac”

Union forces in the west began the fight for control of the .

Lincoln’s Response

Union invaded Tennessee, led by General Ulysses S. Grant

Grant:◦ Brave◦ Tough◦ Decisive◦ But, also a failure◦ Failed at all real attempts at

jobs.◦ “Unconditional Surrender”

Grant

Fort Henry and Donelson

In just 11 days, Grant and his army captured two Confederate forts

Fort Henry and Fort Donelson were strategically placed on two important rivers

Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers

One month after the Fort victories, Grant gathered troops near a small church: Shiloh.◦ Did not entrench men or set out guards, even though near the

Miss. River

Surprise attack! Confederates raid Grant◦ Many were shot making coffee, some still asleep.

Grant was determined…◦ Reorganized troops◦ Got reinforcements◦ Counterattacked the next day

Confederates retreated!

Shiloh

Taught both sides a strategic lesson.◦ Send out _____________.◦ Dig ________________.◦ Build fortifications.

Shiloh demonstrated the war was becoming a bloody slaughter.◦ Nearly 25,000 men were killed, wounded, or captured.

Showed the South and North that Union strategy to split the Confederacy was starting to work.

Grant continues to push towards the Mississippi

Union fleet of 40 ships approached Louisiana◦ N.O.- Confederates

largest city and busiest port

Union took over; took control of lower Mississippi

Almost achieved the goal of splitting the Confederacy in two.

New Orleans

Confederates won the second battle of Bull Run and moved toward Washington

A Union corporal find’s Lee’s army orders wrapped around cigars while exploring a Confederate campsite◦ Lee and Jackson are separated!

McClellan takes advantage and acts aggressively.

Antietam

Bloodiest single-day battle in American History◦ 26,000 casualties

McClellan could have ended the war right there!◦ Instead, he is too cautious and does nothing.

The battle was a standoff, but the Confederacy eventually retreated.

Lincoln fires McClellan.