Josh Lutton - Pennsylvania State University Lutton Lighting/Electrical DEF Workforce Development & Technology Building Dubois, PA 4 the workplane while walking. IES doesn’t give

Josh Lutton Lighting/Electrical DEF Workforce Development & Technology Building Dubois, PA

3

4-1 Exterior Briefing The exterior space that I will be trying to light will be the exterior entrance paths/courtyard. Basically the space is behind the building, away from public view. You access it by either of the adjacent sidewalks that line the two wings of the building. The area in between is all grass with no landscaping apparent at this point. There is a small gazebo further back, but I think it was pre-existing and I don’t believe it is a part of this project. At this point, there is very limited lighting at all. This may be due to the fact of cost cutting or just plain lack of walking traffic to appreciate it. However, as you can see, the sidewalks are quite large, allowing

for plenty of walkers. This building was just completed this past June, meaning students and faculty have only been really aware of its presence and purposes for a month or two. That being said, I think it will be well worth it too look into a possible intricate design that will bring out the beautiful façade the build actually has. There are portions of the building that are covered with a type of silver coated steel coping. The sidewalks also have possibilities with perhaps some bollards or something of that nature.

IES Recommendations IES recommends that certain criteria be considered when it comes to façade lighting. Spill light is one particular thing to be wary off. Spill light is like pollution at night and takes away from the over all effect the designer was trying to achieve. When designing a façade, be sure to give special consideration to color rendering, brightness relationships, competition from other lit objects, and very importantly maintenance. One of the worst things a designer can do is design a system that is so hard to maintain, that very quickly the design is distorted unrecognizably from its intent. The other aspect of this exterior is the walkways. IES has established certain things that would be important to consider when designing a walkway like this. Color rendering is very important, since without daylight, many colors are solely determined by the type of lamp that shines on them. Some MH or HPS may not be the best options. Direct glare is also a big factor. That’s because with a walkway, you can only walk in one of two directions. Odds are you are planning to get somewhere in one direction and if there is direct glare the whole time, it can make for a very unpleasant experience and cause the walkers to just look down the whole time and miss the whole design. Other things that were listed as very important take to security issues. Things like the modeling of faces (in case of attack), and good peripheral detection. Obviously vertical illumination is also a big deal since the person would almost never be using


4

the workplane while walking. IES doesn’t give a numerical value for vertical illumination however. Proposals and Sketches The exterior will experience the most complete overhaul than any of the other spaces. With such a large amount of concrete devoted to a walk-way extending along both wings of the building, I think the use of bollards would be a great idea. These bollards would be of the same stainless steel color I have proposed for the lobby pendants. Then a possible strip lighting along the top of the architectural wall that’s above the entrance. This will help to locate the entrance and draw people towards it. I will also use this approach across the glass curtain wall on the front of the building Also to help locate the main entrance and other side entrances, some subtle, quite exterior downlights Here are a few sketches and idea’s I had for some of the bollards. I believe they project the image I am trying to achieve. They give an efficient and practical feel.


5

Here you can see a the downlights that I had in mind for the exterior. They are small, sutle, and are fairly efficient at directing all light towards the ground while still being visible as a directing beacon for people at a distance.

I also plan to illuminate the silver architectural panels that are above the rear and front entrances with a series of exterior florescent fixtures. This will help center the observers attention. Below are some Photoshop renderings of how the exterior will look after the installation of the new fixtures.


6

Here is a view from the south looking northwest.


7

Final Design Data

Light loss factors are as follows: Lamp GG Category II Fixture No room- exterior 12 month cleaning cycle LDD = .85 LLD = 6750/9000 = .75 BF = .9 Total LLF = .85 x .75 x .9 = .57 Light loss factors are as follows: Lamp HH Category V Fixture No room- exterior 12 month cleaning cycle LDD = .82 LLD = 2600/3300 = .79 BF = .9 Total LLF = .82 x .79 x .9 = .58 Light loss factors are as follows: Lamp II Category V Fixture No room- exterior 12 month cleaning cycle LDD = .82 LLD = 2800/2950 = .95 BF = .9 Total LLF = .82 x .95 x .9 = .7


8

Circuiting information

Note: Emergency circuiting is in neon green


9

Zones This is zone 1. It consist of all the bollards


10

This is zone 2. It consists of all the exterior downlights along the walls, and also the fixtures illuminating the architectural metal panels over the main entrance.


11

4-2 Circulation Space Briefing

The second floor entrance is used as the main entrance to the building. The doors are at the intersection of two exterior sidewalks lining the two wings of the building. Once inside, you continue to walk across the space to get to the stairs or elevator. Once you are at the stairs, you can see that you are standing on a canopy that over looks the main lobby. The second floor

entrance space is similar to the lobby in appearance, but it is more of a lounge with several couches with reading tables as soon as you enter. Also restrooms are adjacent to the space, making it an easy choice to stop for a minute and take a load off. Points of interest would be the all glass walls and doors that encase the egress, and the all brick walls. IES Recommendations

The entrance foyer is a transitional space between the outdoors and interior space. So it

should provide a sense of security for those entering the building, a certain sense of welcoming. The kinds of tasks that take place in here are similar to any other Lounge; people eating a snack, reading a newspaper, magazine, or having a conversation. That meaning the biggest things to worry about are glare problems for reading glossy paper, facial modeling for conversation, and perhaps sufficient light levels for reading. It should also be well lit so that it can be seen from the outside. There are 4 sets of double doors leading into the space that are all glass. If well lit, it will help attract people to that area of the building.

The overall recommendations for horizontal and vertical lighting are similar to the lobby (5fc horizontal, 3fc vertical).


12

Proposal and sketches For this space I’m proposing to use the common 2x2 or 2 x 4 troffers. This will fit well with the drop ceiling and also have a more industrial look. However, in conjunction with trying to be simple but not boring I’m going to use a slightly different approach. The lamps would actually be set back into the ceiling with the sides sloping up towards the center to create a triangle look. This will give the space a much more unique appeal. I have some preliminary Photoshop sketches and photos in addition to some more realistic looking AGI snapshots. This here is a photo I found demonstrating my vision on how the finished product may look.

Here you can see how the room may appear with just 2 x 2 insertions. However my final design will be 2 x 4 without the divider shown above.


13

Final Design data and renderings

Light loss factors are as follows: Category IV Fixture Assumed to be a clean room 12 month cleaning cycle RCR: 4.7 LDD = .88 LLD = 2800/2950 = .95 RSDD = .96 BF = .87 Total LLF = .88 x .95 x .96 x .87 = .7 Power Density Power density is very good at this point even at full load. Assuming we have both lamps on in all the fixtures then the density would be as follows: 12 total fixtures x 59 watts per 2 lamp ballast = 708 watts 708 watts / 847 sf = 0.835 watts per sf. This is well within the allotted 1.4 w/sf allowed by ASHRAE standards.


14

Circuiting information



15

Renderings and fc data


16


17


18


19

Zones This is a picture of Zone one. It covers the interior lights that are in the circulation area.


20

This is the second zone that covers the egress lighting which can be switched separately from the interior lights for closed hours


21

4-3 Lobby Briefing

The Lobby is an interesting space, one that will be very fun to re-light. The lobby is sort of twisted within the space through three flights of stairs and the elevator shaft. There are three canopys extended into the space. There is no real confined definite space or beginning or end. The highest stretch of uninterrupted wall is just less than 30’ from the floor to ceiling.

The most distinctive feature about the lobby is the looming 30’ curved wall along the south side. This will make lighting the lobby at night quite a challenge as well as force myself to make some smart decisions about daytime lighting. The wall is a grid spaced, aluminum storefront 1” insulated glass. As for the day time, there is very little need to have any of the fixtures on the ceiling on, except for aesthetic issues. With so much daylight, it is very easy to see within the space even on overcast days.

IES Recommendations The tasks that will be done in the lobby could cover a large range. Probably the most

common would be climbing the two staircases which each have several twists and turns. People will also be reading newspapers, magazines, etc. For most of the active time the lobby is in use, it will be illuminated mostly by daylight the entire one side of the wall is all glass. During the evening when there is no daylight, there will be a smaller flow of people within the space, but it will definitely still be occupied. Reflectance values were determined using the Sherman Williams swatch book. The ceiling is a white 2 x 2 grid drop ceiling with a reflectance of approximately 74%. The walls are red brick with a reflectance of a conservative 30% (because of the texture of the material). The floor material is multi-colored mosaic tiles with a reflectance of about 20%.

Lobby Floor Lobby Wall Lobby Ceiling

There is little furniture through out the lobby. The main pieces are a few couches encircling a reading table off to the side on the ground floor next to the windows. The staircases and rails are painted blue with some wood paneling along the top. A Lobby is a space that should be a good transitional experience for individuals coming from the exterior to the interior of the building. Although it is not accessible directly from the


22

exterior, it is loosely connected to the entrance space. In this case the color rendering should be superb. A lot of people will be walking through this space all times of the day. There are also lots of different contrasting colors throughout the space. Many surfaces are blue and in contact with surfaces that are red. This effect would be somewhat diminished with poor color rendering. Another thing, the distribution across the area should be very well thought out. If it is dark in one place and bright in another, very rarely will people venture towards the dark, so you maybe cutting out a whole portion of that lobby. Good facial modeling is a very important feature to worry about here since there will be plenty of face to face conversations both at night and day.

IES recommends roughly 5fc on the horizontal plane, and 3 on the vertical. IES also really emphasizes daylight integration, which will be especially important here, as mentioned before.

Proposals and Sketches

For the lobby, I’ve decided to go with only two fixture types. The first one will be a simple half sphere (maybe slightly flattened) with a metal halide PAR downlight. This will be used during daytime for general lighting of the lobby. It will project a strong, durable yet modern feeling. During the night hours, I’m also proposing to “outline” the columns and vertical HVAC ducts. This would be a great way to grab attention at night from passer-bys since the stairs are already the focal point of the huge glass façade. I believe this will also evoke a sense of establishment and purpose for the building.

This is a section of the proposed lobby sketch that I’ve created using photoshop. To the left are two different bowl lamps that I envisioned to use for my Lobby downlights.


23

As I mentioned before I planned to outline the columns and HVAC ducts. I would like to use the Design Plan Circular uplight shown. The bottom would be closed so light only comes through the top.

As noted before these highlighted structures will be visible from the exterior at night. The will leave an attractive impression on anyone who passes by that this building is important and not easily forgettable. Here are some of the images I had in mind


24

Final Design Data and Renderings

Light loss factors are as follows

Light Loss Factors are a bit different in this case. I’ve divided the lobby into two sections. One in which the ceiling height is 9’ and the other in which it reaches to the top at 29.5’.

For the first section which has only the smaller lamp fixture: Category IV Fixture Assumed to be a clean room 12 month cleaning cycle RCR: 4.1 LDD = .88 LLD = 2040/2400 = .85 RSDD = .97 BF = 1 Total LLF = .88 x .85 x .97 x 1 = .73 For the second section which contains the large lamp fixture: Category IV Fixture Assumed to be a clean room 12 month cleaning cycle RCR: 21.7 ((2.5 x 29.5 x 164)/558) LDD = .88 LLD = 5440/6400 = .85 RSDD = .95 BF = 1 Total LLF = .88 x .85 x .95 x 1 = .71


25

Power Density The allotted power density for a lobby in an educational facility is 1.8 w/sf. The power density should not be much of an issue here since the space will be mostly lit by daylight during it’s most busy hours. However during the evening hours when there is no daylight, this is the power density. (This is worst case scenario since there should always be some light coming from the surrounding area even if it’s minimal) 9 large pendant lamps 9 x 84 watts = 756 W 19 small pendant lamps 19 x 36 watts = 684 W 4 conic uplight lamps 4 x 48 watts = 192 W Total = 756 + 684 + 192 = 1632W This total divided by both the square footage of the lobby and the walking areas of the wrap around staircase (1106 sf) is 1.47. So we are within the allotted watts per square footage allowed for this space. Circuiting Information



26

Power Plan


27

Below is the footcandle data for the top canopy with no daylight what so ever. It is the worst of them all with an average of around 14fc.

This is the middle canopy footcandle data.


28

This is the lower canopy footcandle data.

This is the workplane illuminace with daylight added. The daylight situation is an overcast

March early afternoon.


29

This is the top canopy under those conditions

This is the middle canopy under those conditions


30

This is the bottom canopy under those conditions

Zones


31

This is zone one. It contains all the large pendants suspended from the ceiling. They are close the window so at some times they may not need to be on. I don’t plan on having dimmers for this area because the fixtures do not put out much light as it is, and the ensuing price for having dimming available is more than the cost savings. Also, there aren’t enough extremely important tasks going on to warrant constant analysis of footcandles levels.


32

This is zone two. It contains all the small pendant lamps that surround the elevator and wrap around the stairwell.

4-4 PA Career Space


33

Briefing

The PA career space is a rented out area used by PA Career link in helping the community in finding ways to pay for extended education and helping with job placement. The PA Career Link space is a wide open area with 10 x 9 x 6 cubicles on the left side. The space is over 3100 ft and has 10’ ceilings. Individuals will be performing a number of tasks within the room. They

include, but are not limited too writing, reading, using the computer, and face to face communication.

Reflectance levels were determined using the Sherman Williams swatch book. The floor is a beige colored, short rug. Its reflectance is roughly 12%. The walls are painted a much more vibrant white. Its color was best matched with a reflectance value of about 75%. The ceiling is a 2 x 4 grid drop ceiling with a reflectance match of 74%. Samples are shown below.

PA Career space carpet sample PA Career space wall sample

IES RECOMMENDATIONS: For an open office plan with extensive VDT use, such as the PA Career Link space, the recommendation is 30fc for horizontal and roughly 5fc on the vertical surface. However, I will be shooting more for the 40fc range while also keeping the power density low. The background illuminance for the immediate task area should be roughly 3:1. This means that the area immediately adjacent to the work space, whether it be next to the paper work someone maybe reading or objects in the distance next to a computer screen, should be a ratio of roughly 3:1. Also direct and reflected glare can be a major problem. The designer needs to ensure that the geometry between the light source, VDT and the user doesn’t induce a white out glare on the screen that would be very disturbing to the user. This reduces the contrast dramatically. Suggested solutions include, but are not limited too, indirect lighting, lenses, or reflectors

IES suggests that an open office plan should have some identification to patterns and activity areas so that users have a sense of orientation with respect to their environment. This involves the ability to find the exits quickly, perhaps see the reception area, and locations of adjacent rooms such as the copy machine room, etc. Proposal and Sketches


34

For this space I realized we might be dealing with an energy problem with such a large space that needs a lot of light at the task plane. The allotted criterion is 1.25 w/sf. My thinking was a possible skylight system of no more than six skylight wells. With the finished ceiling a few feet away from the top of the roof it seems like a great idea to get some daylight in the space while also saving energy. The ceiling is a drop ceiling with steel bracing above that. Then the solid insulation to the roof is about 1 foot. Studies have also proven that not only are people more happy when they work in a daylit area, but are also more efficient. The skylight openings would be 8 x 8 feet in the ceiling and 4 x 4 ft at the roof top. This will create a pyramid structure that will fit in well with the building’s theme. The roof opening would be covered with a Kalwall Pyramid (see Appendix) Material. This would eliminate any chance of direct sunlight and would give off a much more “cool and sleek” glow.

In addition to the skylights, several rows of indirect linear compact florescent fixtures will be used to fill in the rest of the room. These indirect fixtures will operate on Lutron dimming ballasts that will be controlled by manual control of the office staff.

These sketches illustrate the kind of image I had with the skylights. The first one is and

AutoCad sketch that gives a simplistic demonstration of how the skylight would function. The second is a possible example of how the roof top cover would work.

Final Design Data and Renderings


35

The light loss factors are as follows: Category VI Fixture Assumed to be a clean room 12 month cleaning cycle RCR: 1.97 LDD = .86 LLD = 2800/2950 = .95 RSDD = .88 BF = .88 Total LLF = .86 x .95 x .88 x .88 = .63 Power Density: The goal of using the skylights was to decrease the power density of the space. 35 fixtures with 2 lamps apiece, utilizing a two lamp ballast at max 64W (assume no dimming) 35 x 64 = 2240 watts 2240/3132 sf = 0.72 watts/sf. This is well within range of the 1.25 w/sf maximum required by ASHRAE standards. Circuiting Informantion


36


Renderings and footcandle data


37

This footcandle display is directly beneath the skylights with full lamp capacity on a December

morning at 9am. This represents the worse case scenario. The average is about 34fc.

Below is the vertical footcandle levels under the same conditions. The average is 50fc.

Below is the footcandle level at the work plane in the cubicle area under the same conditions. The average is still about 45fc even in the worst situation. (Don’t be fooled by lower numbers

underneath the computer or very close to the partitions.)


38

Below is the footcandle data for conditions where there is no daylight at all. As you can see it can get a little gloomy with absolutely no daylight underneath the skylights, but the fixtures

provide very sufficient levels where the work is being completed in the partions.

Below is the footcandle data for the vertical light levels for no daylight at all. The average for the cubicle area is roughly 30fc.


39

I also did a few runs for different dates and times. Here is one for June 21st at 5pm. Average is

65fc.


40

Here is one for October 21st at around 5pm. The average is 50fc.


41

Below are some renderings during the day time with electric light included.


42


43


44

Zones This is Zone one. It covers all the lamps that are not affected by the daylight levels in the room. They will all be switched on at once.


45

This is zone two. These fixtures will be dimmed accordingly with the daylight levels in

the space.

Documents

Josh Lutton - Pennsylvania State University Lutton Lighting/Electrical DEF Workforce Development & Technology Building Dubois, PA 4 the workplane while walking. IES doesn’t give