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Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Workshop report no. 17
Report of the Joint IOC/WMO Workshop on Oceanographic Products and the IGOSS Data Processing and Services System (IDPSS)
Moscow, 9-1 1 April 1979
iiorkshop report No. 17
The Scientific horkshops of the Intergovernniental Oceanoqraphic Conmission are usually jointly sponsored with other intergovernmental or non-Governmental boaies. assumes responsibility for publication of the final report.
In each case, by mutual asreenient. one of the sponsoring bodies Copies may be
recuested from the publishing bodies as listed belGw or from the Unesco, Place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris, France.
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CCOP-IN, 1974, Metallogenesis, Hydrocarbons and Tectonic Patterns in Eastern Asis /Report of the IDOE Workshop on/.; Bangkok, Thai land , 24-29-September 1973 UNDP (CCOP) , 138 p.
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CICAR Ichthyplankton Aorkshop, tlexico City, 16-27 July 1974. (Unesco Technical Paper ir: Marine Science, ho. 20)
Report of the IOCjGFCMiICSEb? International lu'orkshop on Parine Pollution in the Mediterranean, Monte Carl o , 9-14 September 1974.
Report of the workshop on the Phenomenon kncwn as "El idino" , Guyaquil , Ecuador 4-12 December 1974
IDOE International Norkshop on Marine Geology anti Geophysics of the Caribbean Region and its Resources, Kingston, Jamaica , 17-22 February 1975
2eport of the CCOP/SOPAC-IOC IDOE International iiorkshop on Geology, Fiineral Resources ana Geophysics of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji, 1-6 September 1575
Report of the Scientific dcrkshop to initiate planning for a co-operative investigation in the North and Central kestern Indiar Ocean, orqarized within the IDOE under the sponsorship of InCI'FPO (IOFC)/ !.lNESCOI EAC? Nsi robi , Keny? , 25 ?arch - 2 April 1976.
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Joint IOC/FAC (IFFC)/IIh'EP Inter- national \./orkshop on Yarine Pollution in East Psian Katers, Penanr_:, 7-13 April 1976
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IOC/ CMG/'SCOR Second I nternationa 1 Workshop or! Varine Geoscience, Mauritius, 9-13 August 1976
IOC/kiMG Second Sorks hop on Vari ne Foll ution (Petroleum) Xoni toring, i4cnaco, 14-lu June 1976
?epcrt of the IOC/FAO/LNEP Inter- national biorkshop on :ilarine Pollution in the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions, Fort Gf Spain, Trinidad, 13-17 December 1976
Suppl. Collected contributions of invitea lecturers ana authors tc tke IOC, FAO/'LIrGEP Interrational hork.shca on Xarine Pollution in the Caribbean and Acjacent Resions, Port of Spair, Trinidad, 13-17 FeceE:ber 1376
Report of the I3CARIBE Inter- disciplinary korkshop on scientific proc]rammes in suppcrt of fisheries projects , Fort-de-France, '!artinicue, 28 i4cvember - 2 Deceniber 1977 Report of the IOCAKIBE biorkshop on Environnental Geologv of the Caribbean Coastal Prea, 16-18 January 1578
I 5 C/ FA 0 +FG ,' U I\; t P I n t e r n a t i c rI a 1 kiorkshop on "'arine PGllution in tbe Gulf of GGinea and adjacent areas, BLicjan, Ivory Ccast, 2-9 "ay 1575
CPFS, FAO/ IOC,'UhEP International borkshcp on h'arine rclluticn in the jcuthezst Pacific Ssntiatio cle r?ile 0- liJ i.ove:a:ter 127&
IOC, !Inesco Place de Fpvtenoy 7570C Paris, France
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idorkshop report Lo. 17
;\o. Title .
Id korkshop G K the ,,:esterL Pacific IOC, Unesco Engl ish
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Korkshop report NO. 17
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pa33
1. Upening of the Workshop ............................... 1
2. Manuals ana Luides on the IGOSS Data Processing and Services System (IDPSS) and other supportinc documentation ......................................... 1
3. Further development of IDPSS .......................... 2
5 4. Formulation of the recommendations on IDPSS ...........
5. Other business 5.1 IGGSS Glossary 6 ...................................
5.2 Review of the 1OC;WMO Seminar on Oceanographic Products and IDPSS ............................... 6
5.3 Value of Temperature:Salinity relationships to IGOSS ............................................ 8
5.4 Drifting buoys 9
5.5 Ccean ldeather Station "PAPA" .....................
...................................
9
6. Closure of the Workshop ............................... 10
Annexes I Agenda
I1 List of participants
I11 List of documents
IV Draft Outline of a Guide to the IGOSS Data Processing and Services System
Supporting material to the outline of the IDPSS Guide
( I DPSS)
V
VI Responsibilities for Preparation of the Guide on the IDPSS
VI I Draft Guidelines for Establishins and Implementins an IbPSS Programnie i n a Se1 ected Ocean h e s
INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION
Morkshop report No. 17
SUMMARY REPORT OF THE JOINT IOC/WII;I) WORKSFOP ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS AND THE IGOSS DATA PROCESSING AND SERVICES SYSTEV (IDPSS)
Moscow, U.S.S.P.. , 9-11 April 1979
1. Ooenincr of the Workshou
1.1 and Services System (IDPSS) was held in Hotel Russia in POSCOW from 9 to 11 April 1979.
The Workshop on Oceanographic Products and IGOSS Data Processing
1.2 The Workshop was opened by Captain R.E. Nawratil (Argentina), Chairman of the ‘riorkshop, who extended a hearty welcome to all parti- cipants. He described the main tasks of the b!orkshm as being:
(i) To identify types of guides and supporting documentation for IDPSS and to prepare guidelines for manuals and quides related to IDPSS;
(ii) To consider and propose actions aimed at the further aevel opnient of IDPSS ;
(iii) To comment on the draft of a Glossary of Terms used in connection with IGOSS.
He then drew the attention of the participants to the fact that a Workshcp is a meeting of individual experts and therefore any statements by participants do not necessarily represent the opinions of their country .
1.3 documents for the meeting are given in Pnnexes I, I1 and I11 respectively.
The agenda as adopted, the list of Darticipants ana the list of
2. Vanuals and Guides on the IGOSS Data Processinland Services System - _- (-1 D PSS ) a no 0 t h e r i p p o r t i ng Do cum en t a t i o n ~ _ _
2.1 The Workshop agreed that there was an increasin? need for publishin? guidance material which would describe practices, procedures and specifica- tions which Member States could follow in the imolementation of the IrlPSS. It was also agreed that such guidance material should not Se regarded as a detailed instruction manual but rather as the basis for the nremration of such nianuals by Ilernber States to meet their own individual requirements. The Korkshop felt that such an action should lead to the desired degree
Summary 4eport - page 2
of standardization of data Drocessing and services throughout the wor 1 d .
2.2 The Workshop reviewed the draft outline of a Guide to IDPSS submitted by the Secretariats. In the course of these discussions, reference was made to the uraft guidelines for establishinq an IGOSS programme i n a selected ocean area and it was felt appropriate to include these guiaelines in the proposed Guide to I’JPSS. The draft outline of a Guide is given in Annex IV.
2.3 participated in the Seminar held during the Precedinc week, the Workshop invited experts to contribute short articles on subjects to be dealt with in the Guide in their specialized fields. It was considered that these articles would constitute a valuable basis for further development of various sections of the Guide. These are attached to the present report as Annex V.
Taking advantage of the presence of a number of experts who had
2.4 The Workshop then proceeded with the identification of the names of experts who might be invited to contribute to the DreDaration of the Guide. It agreed that the task of writing should be allocated to countries rather than to individual experts. It was, however, under- stood that the coun%ries listed were lead countries and that other countries would be consulted, as necessary, as the work progresses. The allocation of individual chapters and sections is given in Annex VI.
2.5 the Guide should be prepared and published. Secretariats should, within the next few months, invite the lead countries listed in Annex V , to draft material for the Guide. The tive schedule for the various comilation and editin? procedures would be decided upon by the Secretariats. It was recommended that the Secretariats endeavour - to submit the draft of a part or the whole of t h n F d e to the second - session of the Joint IOC/’Lnii/.@ Working Comni ttee for IGOSS (September; October 1980) for approval. -
The meetins also considered the time schedule according to which It was agreed that the
-- -
3. Further OeveloDment of IDPSS
3.1 of IDPSS could not occur without the develoDment of associated environmental monitoring and exchanqe programmes to support specific IGOSS Droducts and services which would be required, the Workshop aGreed that an “IDPSS Programme” would ernohasize IC;@SS Droducts and services but would include consideration of other IGOSS elements such as data acauisiticn and exchange. Referrin; to document IC)C-~A!!~~~IDPSS-SW/’~
The Secretariats introduced this item by noting that the development
Therefore, in the context of this report,
8urnmar.y Report - page 3
"Development of IDPSS for Selected Ocean Areas", the Secretariats recalled that although global initiatives have indeed had some success, several previous IGOSS meetings, in particular that of the first session of the Jcint ICC/WMO borking Comtrittee for ICOSS (Paris, September 1978) and the Joint IOC,wlO Xeetino of Governmental Experts on IDPSS (Hamburg, Varch 1978), had stressed the desirability of implementing the global IGOSS Drocrame on national and resional bases as outlined in the General Plan and Implementation Proaramme 1977-1382 (IOC Technical Series ho. 16, WYO Pub. No. 466). In Darticular, these rneetinqs gave emphasis to the implementation of the IGOSS Drogramme in selectea ocean areas. For IPPSS development, the WorkshoD stressea the importance of 2 Snecislized Oceanosraphic Centre (SOC) for each recjional programme.
3.2 . eSuidelines --__ for implementing an IDPSS Droqramme ___- in a selected ocean area ~. - . - - -.
The !.iorkshop reviewed the draft guidelines for establishing and iEplementing an IDPSS programme in a selected ocean area (see h n e x I1 of document IOC-WKO/IDPSS-SW/7) and noted that these guidelines were based on the concepts for IGOSS Droyrarrmes, as outlined in the General Plan and Implementation Procramme 1'377-1982. The guidelines were generall.1 zcceptec but were modified as presented in Annex VI1 hereto.
3.3 The Liorkshcp recognized that the establ ishrnent and implementation of SUC? IGCISS procrames in selected ocean areas represented a significant increase in the level of sophistication of the IGOSS proyramme, and each selected programe would require considerable effort both h\j Member States participating in it and S,y the Secretariats theciselves. pointed out that unless the IGOSS pro';ranune realistically dealt with specific programmes, no further sisnificant advance could be made. In particular, a general call for data and oceanosraphic products and services had not produced sufficient results. themselves so that:
However, it was
Thus, hember States must organize
- bats are collected and exchanged efficiently within a selected ocean area J
- requirements of IGOSS products and services within that ocean area can be met.
3.4 It was recognized that IGOSS prosramtries are based on national efforts. however, the dorkshoc ernohasized that it is the organization ana co- ordination of these efforts that will ensure that IGOSS is recoqnized as a nroo,rarnrne which benefi ts Plember States beyond their own national programmes. Thus, Yember States \;ere encouragea to co-ordinate their programmes.
3.5 Identification of 3ossible IDPSS Drogrames in selected ocean areas .- -
The Xorkshop noted that nany initiatives by Fiember States are under
---L___p- _-I__ ___-
way ana would result in IGOSS programmes in a selected ocean reaion. These
Summary Report - page 4
initiatives were discussed as follows:
3.6 Eastern Tropical Atlantic
k French proposal for an intensification of IGOSS Activities in the Eastern Tropical Atlantic Ocean was presented by Mr. H.A.H. Noel (ORSTOM, France). The project would uti1 ize ships-of-opportunitv in the Atlantic Ocean for the collection of surface and sub-surface temperature observa- tions. Mr. Noel stated that the proposal , if successfully implemented, would benefit both the fishing and scientific communities. The Cu'orkshop wished to emphasize Mr. Noel's comments to the effect that this project would need the participation of other Mefiber States in order to achieve success. to have an international meetins in about one year, organized within IGOSS, at which interested Member States could discuss their participation in the project. The korkshop cornrnended C)RSTOP/I for highlighting this initiative and hoped that other Member States would follow suit in the future.
In this context it was noted that perhaps it would be approm-iate
3.7 Western Paci f i c
The Secretariats brought to the attention of the Korkshop two decisions froin the first session of the IOC kcrking Group for the Western Pacific (hESTPAC) (WESTPAC-1.14 and 15), in which an IGOSS monitorins orogramme was given high priority. Dr. S. Pazan (USA) explained how this NESTPAC initiative would be coupled with that of NORPAX and stated that several IGOSS products were being contemplated for the programme. real-time observation component for sea-level was being considered.
He also said that a
3.8 COST-43
Prof. H. Kalden presented the status of COST-43 to the biorkshop. COST-43 is being organized by a group of European countries, and will be involved with real -time collection of oceanographic and meteorological data fror various oceanic platforms including drifting and moored buoys. In addition, Droducts were being cocsidered which could in future form a contri htion to IDPSS.
3.e HEl Nino" . -- -_I__ .
The iiorkshop was informed that consideration is beinc given to an oceanoaraphi c and atrnosoheri c moni tori r,g proyamme , i ncl udi ns el ements of IGCISS, in the are2 of the phenomenon known as "El bli?o'' off the western coasts of South America. This proGranme will most likely be implemented unuer the recently-formea Joint IOC/idMO/CPPS Wcrttincj Group on the Investiga- tions of "El NiKo".
Summary Deport - page 5
3.10 Central Ljestern Indian Ocean
Although the countries of the region have organized themselves within the framework of a prograrcme known as the Co-operative Investiga- tions in the l!orth and Central Mestern Indian Ocean (CINCWIO), to this date they have not identified a specific need for an IGOSS programme in the region, even though many documents are available on the importance of fisheries research and products for the region. The meeting felt that one possible reason for this is that Member States lack information on IGOSS. The meeting stressed that the Secretariats should send more public relations type naterial on IGOSS to these countries. In addition, as part of the IGOSS/TEMA effort, consideration should be given to a representative of IGOSS touring the region to inform the countries directly of the IGOSS programme and its benefits.
3.11 Flemish CaD
The session was pleased to note that the ICNAF Flemish Cap Experiment incorporates real-time transmission of IGOSS BATHYiTESAC data. It was also mentioned that consideration is being given to the preparation of IGGSS products for use in this exDeriment.
3.12 C1 imate
In addition to the above ocean areas, the meeting recognized the imPcrtancc of recent developments in the future Xorld Climate Programme (kJCP) to the IGOSS Drograme. Ocean mcnitcring Drosrames have already been mentioned within the context of the UCP and, in fact, a meeting to define the first Pilot Ocean Yonitoring Study (FOVS) will be held in con- junction with the Joint SCOR/IOC Committee on Climatic Changes and the Ocean, in September 1979. The first POI% will most likely be in a selected ocean area, notably the tropical Pacific or the tropical Atlantic Ocean an6 will emhasize time series of oceanographic sections. Tbe Secretariats announced that it is planned that an IGlSS reDresentative attenci this and future sessions, so that IGOCS princinles of data observa- tion, data transmission and exchanse, and oceanographic Droducts and services can be incorporated intc the ocean ronitoring s,ystems for climate at an early stage.
Althourk the Climate procramme is still in the infant stage, the meeting emphasized that IGOSS yarticicants rust now begin to identif,v the t.vpes of Products and data that will be neecied b v the Clirate prowamme. In this vayt I50SS will be able to meet the inevitable demands that will be placed on it b y the Climate comnunity.
Formulation of recomnendations on I3PSS - __ _. - - - .--_-_-_I_ ~ - - 4.
The recormendations cf the horkshop can be found as underlined DhraSeS throushout this renort. keanographic Prcducts and the IGOSS Data Processinq and Services System, hela in ~41scow the previous week, 2-6 Rmril 1979, can be found in Section 5.2 herein.
The recommendations of the Seminar on
5unimary geoort - page 6
5. Other business -
5.1 IGOSS . Glossary - Under this item the korkshop considered the draft C1ossar.y of Terms
used in connection with the IGOSS proclranme (doc. IOC-CdYO, IPPSS-SKi 8) upon the request of the first session cf the Joint IQCjl4!0 !hrkinc: Comnittee for IGOSS. The participants were nresented with the draft prepared bv the Secretariats with the help of s few I?'c)SS exr?erts and a consultant. It was ncteu that basically the terms ivcluded in this document are taken from existing WFO and IOC oublications. It was stressed that the Secre- tariats er.sure that the definitions of terms incluued should coRply, where available, with thcse already used in relevant ICC and N W nublications. The meeting reviewed all the terms and made the followin? conclusions:
- The intent cf the Glossary, as described in the docurcent, is to define operational terms as they are used within the IGOSS nrogramrne but not to redefine basic oceanographic or meteorological parameters or common terms used in ocean proprammes.
- The Glossary should include a list of the reference documents used for its preparation.
- Additional terms related to IGOSS were Drcposed bv the participants for inclusion in the Glossary.
- The horkshop agreed that the revised draft should he preDared by the Secretariats, initially in English only, on the basis of discussions durin9 the meeting. It should then he distributed to the Naticnal Repre- sentatives for IGOSS for review and comments. The final draft, in Fnalish only, thus prepared will be submitted for approval to the second session of the Joint IOCiWMO Working Committee for ISOSS (September,October 1980). After approval, the Glossarv will be translated into the workinc lanya$es of the Secretariats.
5.2 Review of the IOCI'WMO Seminar on Oceanogranhic Products and the IT-OSS -- Data Processing and Services System --- v
5-2-1 The workshop also reviewed the results of the Joint IOCiWRO Seminar on Oceanographic Products and the IGOSS Data Processina and Services System (IDPSS) held in Moscow prior to the r!orkshop, from 2 to 6 P.pril 1979. This Seminar was organized by the USSP State Committee for Hydrometeoroloav and the Control of the Natural Environment, under the co-sponsorshic of IOC and WMU. oceanograohic nroducts bv marine user qrouDs and the exchange of knowledge and experience among specialists on oceanograchic oroduct formulaticn and methods used for their Dreparation. participants from 15 ccuntries and international oroanizations attended the Seminar. 32 papers were presented thereat.
The major objective of the Seninar was to identify the application of
Upon the joint invitation of IOC and MVO? 57
Summary Report - page 7
5.2.2 The participants of the Workshop wished to express their aDpreciaticn to the State Committee for Hydrometeorology and the Control of the Natural Environment, and particularly to Dr. K.P. Vasiliev, the Conference Co-ordinator, for the excellent arranaernents made for the Sw,i nar.
5.2.3 In view of discussions held at the end of the Seminar, the particiDants of the Workshcp wished to stress the followinc:
- the ureat usefulness cf such type of discussion for the developnent of IGOSS on sound scientific and practical bases:
- that the meeting noted with great satisfaction the participation for the first time in the ISOSS-related Serriinar of exnerts from Bulcaria, German Lemocratic ZeDublic, Ireland, Democratic People's Republic of Korea. and Poland;
- that the joint IGC/h?O Working Committee for IGOSS considers the possibility of including in future similar scientific/ technical Semirrars fiore snecific subjects related to the 1T;OSS programme;
- that the meparation of ISOSS oroducts and services ao hand in hand More with oceanographic data observation collection and exchange.
emphasis should be given to the recognition of the couplina of these programme elenients, and in particular:
i) systematic co-ordinated IZOSS Frogrammes should 'e explored in varigus selected ocean areas. This conceqt should include a Specialized Oceanographic Centre (SOC) for prOaUCt preDaration and dissemination;
i i ) information on the optimization of each of these elerrents should be identified and distributed so that Peml-er States particiDating in IGCSS Drogrames for the first time rnictht know where best to Dlace their resources. In particular, a study should be carried out on the "best mix" of Ocean Cata Acquisition Systems,Ptids and Devices (ODAS). observation techniques includins driftin? buoys ana satellites:
This study should emphasize consideration of new
- that IDPSS must be well organized and co-ordinated. Such material as IDPSS guides, general programme information, etc. should be distributed. In so far as co-oraination and information are concerned, the ICOSS brochure ana the guioe to the IDPSS viere qiven special recoanition:
- that more attention should be given to building up a user community for IGOSS crcducts and services. This can be done through national as well as international fora. Furthermore, evidence was given at the Seminar by several speakers, that the initiaticn of an IGOSS-type, real-time project with resulting products can Droduce its own users. In several cases, once the products were provided, the user comrnunit,v beaan to demand these products on a regular basis;
Summary Report - paqe 8
- that more requirments need to be specified for oceanograPhic products, so that appropriate data collection reauirements can be implemented:
- that IGOSS must continue to be actively smported by both oceanographers and meteorologists. Most IGOSS initiatives have benefits for both coniniunities. In addition, the operational meteorolcay community is well established, ana IGOSS organizers must look to it for auidance on oDera- tional procedures for product Dreparation, distribution, etc.;
- that as a certain minimum density of data with time and space is necessary for the preparation of products, and that since knowledge of this auestion is relatively poor, there should be an investigation into the problem especial ly with regard to sub-surface products. The ‘dorkshop recommended that this problen: should be referred to the IGOSS Subgroup of Experts on Operations and Technical Applications;
- that the Secretariats should ask Plember States to keep records of requests for data, both by public and private sectors, in order to determine what types of data are in most demand;
buoy products from, and resultant OceanograDhic requirements for, driftinc; buoys (for example , inclusion of sub-surface temperature measurements, viave rneasureriients , current measurenents using drocues) : buoys in regional studies (data requirements ana spaci nc;) ; and
- that IGOSS should sponsor an investigation of applications of drifting
the use of drifting
- that 1;OSS should encourarie those agencies 7roduc;nt Global and recional products at frequent intervals (i.e. every few days) to Droduce documenta- tion such as oalliphlets, slices or tice-seauence films, complete with dialocue, for eaucational anti training purposes.
5.3 - Value of Temperature-Sal i ni ty ,Relationship_s -__ tc IGOSS
The korkshop considered the proPOsal nade by a few participants on the development of a standardized set of temperature - salinity relationships by which sub-surface temperature da.ta available to IGOSS might be converted in a consi stent nianner to infer temperature-sal ini ty pai rs for cal cul ation of aensity structure, geostrophic flow, etc. (cf. ii.J. Emery “Use of historical data to compute clensity ana ciynakiic heizht from temperature profiles”, in Proceedinss of the I W S S Seminar on Oceanographic Products and IDPSS). The workshop recommended that this subject be referred to the Joint -~ IOCi>W3 Sub-Sroup of Experts on Scientific iviatters related to ILOSS ~I for study. -- It was sucjgesced that t%FS&-<?oup might consider the prepara- tion of a catalogue of water masses for tnis purpose.
suiiniary iieport - page 9
5.4 Drifting tuoys
5.4.1 br. K.P. Vasiliev raisec the subject of driftinq buoys. In particular, ne referred to those uri ftins Duoys remaining operational after the terninstion of FCGE. As of the end of the FGCt Operational Year, 1 Deceinber 1 5 7 ~ , the satellite ciata collection ana processing centre, Service ARGUS, which is lccated in France, will charge for the processing of aata frorr: such buoys. to proviae funcis to cover these charges. In addition, the Workshop suagestFd that t h e I G i j S S ~ - ~ D ~ r o u p o n O p e r a t i o n s and Technical Appl i cations shoul a keep close watcn on the uevelopKent ana usage riiaae of FGGE drifting buoy data in order to see if further developiiient can be suggestec to iir,prove the data col lectin9 capability of these buoys. The workshop encouraged Member States to carry Gut studies on the feasibility of usiny drifting buoys to measure ocean currents, in particblar the effects therecn of wind, waves and currents. The FGGE Southern heiiiis9here Drifting! buoy System and the i;ORPAX urifting buoy arrays could offer a data base for such studies. that some work on this problem is already under way, particularly in Canada ana the USA.
-___-- Toe ,Jorkshop recotxmenaec! that F'iember States be encouraJea
The horkshop noted
5.4.2 In a acre general context, tne dorksnop noted that many countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Japan, howay anci the USA are planning criftinc buoy prqramn~es in the future. The korkshop was infoniieci that various plans are being considered to use driftins buoys for nieasuring ocean currents, waves and sub-surface temperature. these observations tc IGOSS products, the ~- uorkshop reconiiiiended that countries I___--
____ be encoura_c;ea to continue driftingroSraiiinies --I_ in the future and to ensure that the Gat6 frow these buoys are inserted into the __- GTS-Krecognizing the ciecrease in the -_I__-- cost of aats processing for groups of buoys, the Workshop .I______I---.- recorxiendea that block funding arranqements be explored Ti thin the IGOSS srocramme.
In view of the importance of _~I_- I---
~ ___ ___-
5.4.3 The :iork;hoo noted tnat the iniportance of drifting buoys had been reilecteci in resolution EC-XI.12 cf the eleventh session of the Executive LoLncil. iith this resolution, the IOC Executive Council decided that a joint IGC/ l?:riO cc-orai nati n:; mechani sz; for dri fti nc buoy i ni ti atives should be estaDliskec v;itnin ISSOSS at an early date. the Joint ICC;,!% ;,'orKinc Coninlittee for IGOSS __-_I._ undertake this task as - a high - .. Tricri ty actim.
The k;orksi:op recommended -.- that _ _ _ ~ -
5.5 acean Aeatner Station "PAPA" . - - - - - _. . - -- Tk-ie .qorksRoU notea ;/i tii re5ret tt-,e decision of the Canadian Government
to Giscontinue the operation of di,;S "PAPA" located ir, the Piorth Pacific. RecoLnizins the ,reat value of observations frcri, this station for IGOSS, the meetins wisnea to express its cGncern anci - requested - __ the Secretariats ----- --.I- to bring this orinion to the attenticn of the Canadian -, - ~ - - __ Coverni;!ent. - - . .- _ - - T t - was __ also ~ e ~ o ~ ~ e G ~ - t ~ a ~ - ~ r i e - . ~ o ~ - r i - t ~ - ~ ~ ~ i b l c i i.; CFFk I n L# L 0i:il l i i t t e e fo r -1 Cld S; s CO n s I &-r JJ possible li!aJds _ _ 2ac __ ilieans, ___ throu;h ~ _ _ ~- - _ ~ _ international - __ co-opc?ration, .-----.- to continue to taKe tne v;;ii;iioie tire series cata zt thelocation OT G ' Z 7 X b K - ._I__ - - ~ _.__._____---
~- ______ . ____ - -. .- ____I ____--
Sunirnary iieport - :lase lu
Closure of the Liorkshop . . - __ __ . - -. - b.
0.1 The Chaiman expressed his gratitude, on behalf of the participants, to the staff of the USSR State Comnittee for hybroiteteorology ana the Con- trol of the r:atural Environment, particularly 3r. K.P. Vasiliev, for their haru work in hosting this Norkshop. he also thanked the IOC and W O Secretariats for their support. Appreciation has also expressed to the Chairman for his leadership through the three-day horkshop. The horkshop was closeu by the Chairman at 1400 on kednesday 11 L.pri1 1979.
Workshop report No. 17
Annex I
JOINT IOC/ NKO NORKSHOP ON OCEANOGRAPKIC ~ PRODUCTS AND THE IGOSS DATA PROCESSING AND SERVICES SYSTEM (IDPSS) -
Moscow, U.S.S.R., 9-11 April 1979
A G E N D A
1. Opening of the Workshop
2. Manuals and Guides on the IGOSS Data Processing and Services System (IDPSS) and other supporting documentation
3. Further development of IDPSS
4. Formulation of the recommendations on IDPSS
5. Other business
6. Closure of the Workshop
korkshop report No. 17
Annex I 1
JOINT IOC/WhO kORKSHOP ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS AND THE IGOSS OATA PROCESSING AND SERVICES SYSTEM (IDPSSL
Ir'oscow, U.S.S.R., 9-11 April 1979
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
I. MEMBER STATES
ARGENT1 NA
CANADA --
FRANCE
R.E. NANRATIL Armada Argentina Servicio de Hidrografia Naval Avenida Kontes de Oca 2124 Buenos Aires
S. TABATA Departnent of Fisheries and Oceans Institute of Ocean Sciences Patricia Bay P.O. 30x 6000 9860 kest Saanich Road Sianey, B.C. V8L 482
C. FONS Girection Meteorologie Nationale Service meteorologique metropolitain 2, Avenue Rapp 75007 Paris
J.A.K. NOEL ORSTOM 24, rue Gayard 75008 Paris
Y. TREGLOS Chai m a n IGOSS Centre National pour 1 'Exploitation des
Oceans (CNEXO) 66, Avenue d'Iena 75G16 Paris
Annex I 1 - page 2
GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
GERMANY (Federal Republic)
I RELAND
JAPAN -~
E. FRAIKKE Institute of Plari ne Research Academy of Sciences of the German
15 Seestrasse DDR-2530 Warnerndnde
Democratic Republic
J.-0. HOLZ Meteorological Service of the German
Democrat3 c Republ i c Marine Weather Office 15 Seestrasse DDR-2530 karnemhde
H. VEIT Meteorological Service of the Gemian
Albert-Einstein-Strasse 42-44-46 DDR-15 Potsdam
Democratic Republ i c
K. HUBER Deutsches Hydrocjraphisches Institut ;ernhard-Nocht-Strasse 78 2000 Hamburg 4
H. dALDEN Ti nsdaler Ki rchenweg 233a 2000 Hamburg 56
P. LYNCH National Board for Science and Technology Shel bourne tiouse Shel bourne Road, aal 1 sbri dge Dublin 4
0. SWEENEY National Board for Science and Technology Shelbourne House Shelbourne Hoad, Ballsbridge Dublin 4
K. IIAGASAKA Marine Department Japan Meteorological Agency 1-3-4 Ote-machi Chiyoaa-ku Tokyo lG0
Annex I 1 - page 3
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST - - - -- REPUbLICS
b1. hUi4GSFKEUGS Department of Mari ne Science Chulalonykorn University Ijangkok 5
Yu. G. IONOV HeaG Office of havigation and
Oceanography of the USSR 11 Linia 11 Vas i 1 evs ky Os trov Leningrad
K.P. RYZHKOV USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology
ana the Control of the Natural Environment
12, Pavlik Yorozov Street 123375 Xoscow
K.P. VASILIEV Hyaronleteorological Centre of the USSR 9-13 Bolshevistskaya Street 123376 Yoscow
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA A. bAKUN Pacific Envi ronmental Group Southwest Fisheries Center Eational Flarine Fisheries Service, NOAA c/o F.N.W.C., Monterey Cal i forni a 93940
k. GENMILL National kieteorological Center Piational heather Service/ NOAA liashincjton D.C. 20233
R.E. HUNT, Jr. Pacific Mari ne Environmental Laboratory 3711 15th Avenue N.E. Seattle, Washington 98105
R.C. JUNGHAES Office of Research and Development (RDI) National Oceanic and Atmospheric
6010 Executive Boulevard Rockville, Maryland 20852
Admi n i strati on
J . E. OVERLAND Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory 3711 15th Avenue N.E. Seattle, k’ashington 98105
Annex I 1 - page 4
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA/cont'd S.E. PAZAN - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
La Jolla, California 92093 A-030
S.A. PIACSEK i\lORDA, Code 322 NSTL Station Bay St. Louis Mississippi 39529
B.J. THOMPSON Ocean Services Branch U.S. National Weather Service Gramax building, Room 1213 Si 1 ver Spring Maryland 20910
11. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION OF THE SEA (ICES)
J. SMED International Council for the
Charlottenlund Slot 2920 Charlottenl und, Denmark
Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
111. SECRETARIATS
INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC A. TOLKACHEV COMMISSION (IOCL Assistant Secretary
Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Unesco 7, place de Fontenoy 75700 Paris, France
Commission
G.W. WITHEE Assistant Secretary Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Unesco 7, place de Fontenoy 75700 Paris, France
Commission
WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION s. IvlIZUNO (WNO) -- Chief , Ocean Affairs Division
World Weather Watch Department World Meteorological Organization Case Postale ho. 5 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Workshop report No. 17
Annex I 1 1
JOINT IOC/’kiMO WORKSHOP ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS AND - THE IGOSS DATA PROCESSIIIG AND SERVICES SYSTEFI (IDPSSI
Moscow, U.S.S.R., 9-11 April 1979
LIST OF DOCUMENTS
A. Working Documents
IOC-WMO/IDPSS-SM/ 1 Provisional Agenda
IOC-NMO/ IDPSS-SW/ 2 Annotated Provisional Agenda
IOC-WMO/IDPSS-SW/3 Summary Report
IOC-WYO/ 1DPSS-Si.li 4 Provisional List of Documents
IOC-WMO/ IDPSS-SW/ 5 Provisional List of Participants
I OC - WMO / I D P S S - S W / 6
IOC-iJ[I10/’IDPSS-SN:; 7
I 0 C - W MO/ I D P S S - S W j 8
Proposed Outline of the Guide on IGOSS Data Processing and Services System (IDPSS)
Development of IDPSS for selected ocean areas
A Glossary of Terms used in connection with the IGOSS Programe
B. __I_ Reference and Information Documents _-_ IOC Technical Series No. 16, IGOSS General Plan and ImDlementa- WblO Pub. ilo. 466 (January 1977) tion Programme, 1977-1982
IGOSS Programe Information Circular No. 013 (December 1977)
IOC Technical Series No. 12 Oceanographic Products and Methods
IDPSS Development
of P.nalysis and Prediction
Annex I 1 1 - page 2
B. Reference and Information - ____ Cocuments/cont'd _l_ -. - - - _ _ _._ -_ -.-
Joint IOC/lsi"!O Circular Letter No. 77-31 dated 27 June 1977 Products Issued by National
Information on Oceanoaraphic
Centres
Joint IOC/krtfO Circular Letter +lo. 77-47 dated 15 November 1977 Information Service Bulletin
First Issue of a FecJular
on Oceanographic Prouucts Issued by ilational Centres
dMO Pub. No. 471
Ioc-1.114o/I6oss- 1/3
IOC-WMO/ IGGSS-I/ 19
IGC-X/ 25
I 0 C - ilPlO/ I GO SS - I / 20
IOC-WKO/'ISOSS-SGF-II/ 3
IGOSS Information Brochure (first draft, English only, 15 March 1979)
Guide to Xarine Yeteorological Services
Provisional Summary Report of the First Session of the Joint IOCiiJ?O Working Committee for IGOSS (Paris, 18-27 September 1978)
Summary Report of the J0ir.t IOC/WMO Yeetins of Governmental Experts on IGOSS Data Processi nc ana Services System (IDPSS) (March 1978)
Consideration of the Present IGOSS and a Proposed Special Investiaation (May 1378)
A Ciscussion on the Development of IDPSS (February 1978)
A proposal reprdi ng IOC ' s concept of the Integrated Global Ocean Station System (IGOSS) (1977)
Proposal s for the implementation of the IGOSS Programme on a regional basis (July 1978)
First session of the IOC !*!erking Group for the Western Pacific (NESTPAC-I ) (February 1979)
Second session of the Joint IOCiiiMO Sub-group cf Experts on IGOSS Products of Interest to Fisheries (March 1978)
IGOSS/ POLYMODE Experiment Reports 1-4
Workshop report No. 17
Annex I V
JOINT IOC/WMO WORKSHOP OiJ OCEANOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS AND THE IGllSS DATA PROCESSING AND SERVICES SYSTEM (IDPSS)
Moscow, U.S.S.R., 9-11 April 1979
DRAFT OUTLINE OF A GUIDk TO THE IGOSS DATA PROCESSING AND SERVICES SYSTEM
Preface
Introduction
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
Purpose, principles and scope (reference material IGOSS General Plan and Implementation Programme 1577-1982 (IOC Technical Series No. 16, MM0 Pub. No. 466) and paragraph 96 of the World Weather Natch Plan and Imp1 ementation 1976-1979, WMO-418)
Requirements for products and servi ces
Applications ana benefits
Shipping
Fisheries operations, management , and research
Coastal activities and ocean engineering
Marine pollution - abatement and control Search and rescue
Aquaculture and mariculture
Permanent ocean monitoring
Recreation
Short-, meai um- and long-range weather forecasting
Support of oceanographic, meteorological and climatic research
Ground truth for satellite observations
Sea ice and iceberg prediction services
Annex I V - page 2
Chapter 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
4.3.1
4.3.2
4.4
4.4.1
4.4.2
Organization of the IDPSS
World Oceanographic Centres
Nati onal Oceanographic Centres
Specialized Oceanographic Centres
Locations of IDPSS Centres
World Oceanographic Centres
National Oceanographic Centres
Special ized Oceanographic Centres
Guidelines for establishing and implementing an IDPSS programme
Products and services
List of products issued by Member States of WMO and IOC (to be included in annex)
Methods and techniques used for the preparation of oceanographic products
General description
Parameters
Analysis
Basic methods and techniques used for individual parameters, both manual and numerical
Other methods and techniques
Prognosis
Basic methods and techniques used for individual parameters, both manual and numerical
Other methods and techniques
Annex I V - page 3
Chapter 5
5.1
5.1.1
5.2
Chapter 6
6.1
6.2
6.3
Chapter 7
7.1
5.1.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
7.1.1
7.1.2
7.2
7.3
Presentation of products
Preparation of charts and diagrams
Specifications of base charts
5.1.1.1 Standard projections
5.1.1.2 Standard scales
5.1.1.3 Colours
5.1.1.4 Standardization of charts for facsimile transmissions
P1 ot t i ng of observations
Representation of analyses and prognoses
Depths or pressure levels for analyses and prognoses
Isopleths
Symbols
Frequency of issue of charts for individual pa r ame te r s
Organization and procedures for data collection and dissemination
Observational data requi remen ts
Data collection and dissemination including the BATHY/TESAC Operational Programme
Qual i ty control
Data archiving and exchange
General description of IGOSS Data Archiving and Exchange (reference: Guides No. 1)
IOC Manuals and
BATHY/TESAC data
Marine pollution data
General description of IODE (reference: IOC Manuals and Guides No. 9)
Functions of RNODCs
Annex I V - page 4
Chapter 8 Traininn Education an6 Mutual Assistance __ Programmes -___._
------A-.’---- ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -
blorkshop report No. 17
Annex V
JOINT IOC/WMO WORKSHOP ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PPODIJCTS AND THE IGOSS DATA PROCESSING AND SERVICES SYSTEM (IDPSS)
~- - .-.--_l.-l_~_I-~._
- I_---- - - . ~ - _- ___-- -
Moscow, !!.S.S.!?., 9-11 April 1979
SUPPORTING MATEPIAL TO THE OlrTLINE -----I----_--.--
OF THE IDPSS GUIDE
During the Workshop, many participants felt that the outline of the quide to the IDPSS (see Annex IV) should be expanded somewhat in text form using the available expertise of the participants them- selves. The following paragraphs, based on contributions from the participants, refer to the numbered sections of the outline as pre- sented in Annex IV. text of the Guide to the IDPSS, but was thought to be of potential use when the Member State nominees, as listed in Annex VI, prepare the various sections of the Guide.
This material does - not represent the final
Annex V - page 2
1.2 -Shi ppi ng (J . Over1 and)
Support to shipping is dependent upon 2-3 day forecasts of surface winds and wave fields. Shorter than this time, the ship cannot alter course, but i n a two-day frame a ship can change course to avoid opposing waves which can slow it to two-thirds of its speed. Charting strong currents, particularly boundary currents, can add or subtract from ship speed. Opposing waves and currents form steep waves which are extremely dangerous such as the ,4gulhas current off South Africa.
1.3 Fisheries operations, management, and research (A. Bakun)
(i 1 Grief expansion of chapter title
Environmental inputs are required for both operation and management of fisheries, but on generally different time scales. Opera- tions are concerned with factors affecting ability to operate, effective- ness of gear, and distribution (i.e. availability) of the fish stock being harvested; real -time inputs are required. Management is con- cerned with- abundance (implying reproductive capabi 1 i ty ) and requires that environmental effects on fish populations be integrated over longer time scales.
( i i ) Introduction
fisheries (e.g. world marine and freshwater fish catch in 1954 was 27.6 million metric tons; there have been an increasing number of disastrous collapses of fishery stocks attributed to a combfnation of overfishing and adverse environ- mental conditions. The methodology for inclusion of environmental effects in fishery management models is at present not well developed, partly due to lack of environmental information on pertinent time and space scales. In addition there is a need for environmental products supporting fishing operations, in order to increase efficiency, conserve scarce energy resources, etc.
During recent years there has been a phenomenal growth in world
in 1971 it was 70.2 million metric tons). Recently
( i i i ) Products supporting fishing operations
A. k~~4~r-~dy~~i~~gs
B. Wave and swell forecasts ........................ The scales of these forecasts should be the usual synoptic weather forecast time and space scales. these products should be by radio or radio facsimile to the fishing fleet in real-time.
Transmission of
Annex V - page 3
Frontal analyses in particular should incorporate the finer space scales observable in satellite I.R. observations. analysis is based on real data, as opposed to inter- polations or climatology, so that the fisherman can properly weigh his options (e.g. perhaps to search a nearby area which lacks data as against steaming a long distance to a region of definable favourable conditions). Sea surface temperature and frontal analysis should be produced on areal maps on finest available resolution scale. Sub-surface temperature information could, perhaps, be i ndi cated by representative temperature-depth traces where observations are available. Transmission should be by facsimile, in real-time.
Products should cl early indicate where
This allows selection of areas where particular gear will be successful in harvesting available fish. Scale should be as fine as resolvable from available data. Transmission should be by radio facsimilesin real-time.
This would have otential use on longer time-scales for
etc. (e.g. a fisherman might choose to base his operation on a different port of call, etc. under certain seasonal current conditions) . Time-scal e : weeks to months.
indicating probab + e areas of fish concentration
(iv) Products supporting fishery management
tion on environmental fluctuations in the fishery management process is urgent. hindered the establishment of useful fishery-environmental relationships. Thus the development of data sources and the development of management techniques must proceed together. Previous relationships established between
down. responding to a common process rather than a ddrect linkage between the two. When the conditions relating the property to the process had eventually modified, the apparent relationship to fisheries disappeared. progress has been made in the problem by attempting to use indicators of varying processes such as upwell i ng , drift , etc.
As noted in the introduction, the need for incorporation of informa-
Lack of environmental data on proper time and space scales has
ro erties such as temperature and salinity, and fish reproductive
The likely explanation is that both the property and the fish were success, fe-- or example, have tended to hold for a while and then to break
Recently,
Annex V - page 4 At present we are far from aetemiinistically modelling the
complicated linkages of a fish population to its environment. Thus the approach is generally statistical. A major problem in such an approach is that there are generally available only very small time series samples with which to work. Fishery aata characteristically yield one data point per year ana the period over which the tinie series can be considered homogeneous does not normally excee6 ten to twenty years. To sort out a multitude of possible environmental effects from a series with ten to twenty data points is a statistically impossible task. It is necessary therefore either to find the nieans to reduce the multitude of environmental factors to one, or at most several , in- dices of integrated environmental state, or to hope that one or perhaps two environmental factors will have such a dominant effect as to be discernible through the "noise level I' generated by the other environmental effects not accounted for. The Pacific Environmental Group in the USA has had recent success in generating inaicators of critical process fluctuations from surface wind analyses.
Thus, the class of data products suited to fishery management applications are those which can be updated through the IGOSS system, but are based on the type of aata sources that are available in time series. Ideally, there should be a historical backlog of data so that the tinie series can be lengthened by hindcasting. host likely candidates for use in fishery management include:
A. Sea level observations ...................... Sea level is an "i ntesrating" measurement, i .e. a point of measurement gives information applicable to a larger scale than, for example , a temperature measurement. It represents a point on the pressure topography of the ocean. fluctuations of geostrophic flow and be related to coastal Lcpwel ling, etc. Short scale variations are signatures of environmental disturbances (coastal trapped waves, etc. ). If IGOSS could provide timely updates of coastal sea level series, this would be very valuable to development of fishery-environmental models (nost important fisheries are near the coasts). observation for ocean current analyses.
Longer time-scal e variations may represent
Also, sea level provides a boundary
a) Upwelling indices : The sea surface stress is estimated and the offshore Ekman flux is computed. Offshore Ekman flux is the primary driving force of coastal upwell i ng ;
Annex V - page 5
0) Surface convercence - Divergence indices : The Ekman laver diversence is cornwted from the wind stress curl, with a smaller term Pronortional to the zonal stress;
c) Wind mixins index : Proportional to the cube of the surface wind speed.
Tencerate affects a1 1 biological rates. Long-tine scale variations can affect viability of fish stocks.
The formation of critical fcod concentrations necessary for survival of pelagic fish larvae aDpears to be dependent on stability of the water column.
Fluctuations of ocean currents affect the loss of fish reproductive nroducts, exchancres of populations, etc. Time series of such fluctuations ~ould be an important nmaaement tool. It is iniportant that the need for observations in such an analysis be recosnized. Ocean models without observations are in some ways comparable to abiiospheric models v;ithout observational input - interesting but not much use in predictinc the weather. Lynanics should, of course9 be used to merge observations, but cannot create observational data. Coastal sea levels on the boundary niay help. The possibility of ship drifts from satellite-navisation equipped vessels should be evaluated. cocipensate for low ?recision. be handled as error variance about a statistically determined a erage bias. Observations in strong winds could be rejected,
Large quantities of data can in some ways Wino effects could, perhaps,
etc.- -
1.3 Fisheries operations, management, and research (J.A.ti. Noel)
- Use of IGOSS for support to fishin? in the Atlantic A. Area of concern ---------------
The fishing activity concerned is that carried on all the year round off the coast of Af-rica and off the coasts of Europe. Gf the stocks of large pelasic fish (tuna) and sardine.
It is concentrated primarily on the exploitation
Harvestins is carried out by well organized industrial fishin2 fleets, but the econoKic irportance of small-scale inshore fisheries, which are particularly affected by environmental conditions, must not be underestimated.
Annex V - page 6
A substantial body of research has confirmed the interaction bet\c:een fish concentratim ana hyarocl iiiiatic conditions. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of surface temperature chancces at a given position for defining probable areas of fish concentration.
c. c o e t r i ~ u t i o n , o f , ~ , k e o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - o ~ - ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ r o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ o - ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ma nagenent
The ever-increasing costs of movin9 frolii one fishing ground tG another, and the Sreater distances to be covered (extension of the economic area to 200 miles) nake it necessary to possess a real-time knowledge of the hydroclimatic seasons in order to direct fleets to fishing areas at the right moment.
---- -----
In addition, regular observation of climatic and hydroclimatic fluctuations should make it possible to modify the fishins effort in a given area.
1.4 Coastal activities and ocean engineering (J. Overland)
There are three activities concerned with nearshore operations - Operations
design of structures, assessment and operations. historical data, particularly wave data. This climatology is usually developed by hindcasting waves from historical wind fields. must stop if wind and sea conditions become too severe. these conditions is based upon accurate short-range weather forecasts - 12-24 hours. Assessment activities are the sane as under section 1.5.
Desiy is based upon
Forecasting
1.5 harine pollution abatement and control (Y. Treglos)
Meteorology as a means of assisting different users
For the protection of off-shore oil exploration and the working of proauctive marine deposits, user needs concern:
- waves ; - currents.
For the protection of fishing:
- surface temperatures; - temperature profiles i n the first 100 metres.
Annex V - page 7
1.11 Support of oceanographic, meteorological and climatic research (3. Over1 and)
The emphasis of air-sea interaction studies and climate studies is on process oriented research to detemiine rates of transfer of heat and momentum, and to indicate the relevant dynamics of the processes. To carry out these objectives, case studies are performed. by real-time processing of data from a fleet of research ships, such as done in POLYMODE, to allow modification of the experiment while under way.
IGOSS can make a large contribution to these experiments
1.11 Support of oceanographic, meteorological and climatic research (S. Paran)
Climate studies including climate modelling
NORPAX embraces several regional prograninies directly and indirectly concerned with cl imate. North Pacific ocean-atmosphere interaction studies and climate prediction studies are presented; future data requirements are estimated.
Herein data requirements for
A. Ocean-atmosphere interaction studies ----------- ........................ a) The Anomaly Dynamics Study of the NORPAX experiment
is designed to test an hypothesis that ocean thermal anomalies are a response to wind forcing. This experiment uses XET profiles in an area from 30 to 50 N, 170 E to 130 W. Real-time cata acquisition is not necessary, although a timely (i.e. monthly) acquisition would be. Drifting buoy data are also being acquired on a timely basis.
b) Future studies havin? somewhat similar needs for timely data are now bein? planned i n the l.!estern Pacific ana the Equatorial Pacific. These studies will be able to use IrJOSS XBT data, current data, ana driftins buoy data in their respective areas of interest.
E. Statistical c1ii:iate forecastins .............................. The effect of the ocean on continental clisate has been hypothesized for at least a cectur.y. "If the ocean can initiate climate change, then some cf the ccean variables, such 2 s water temperature anon:alies, shol;ld he effective preciictors cf atmosoheric Droperties". 1) That a
- _ _ ~ ~ _ _ _ - I - _ _ . _.-_____~_.___-I_ ___ ')Barnett, Tim, "Ocean Temperatures: Precursors of C1 irnate Chance",
OCEAIVUS, 21 : 4, Autumn 1978, pp. 27-32
Annex V - page 8 relationship betv:een variations in ocean properties , such as sea surface temperature, exists, has been deifionstrated (ibid. 1978). Althouqh it has not been proven that ocean parameters are precursors of cl iniatic change, dissemination of ocean property values would be of great importance to climate research. research purposes, the data should be acquired in a timely wa,y, and calculation of anorrialies should be left to the end user, since clirnatologies are not as yet standardized.
For
1.12 Ground truth for satellite observations - (C. Fens) Use of IGOSS for satellite ground truth observations
The effective use of satellite data (such as METEOSAT, LANDSAT, hOP,A) entails the collection of such data at the right moment and constant corcparisons between ground observations and the results of imagery processing.
As satellites provide virtually synootic observation, a vast network is neeGea,capable of takin; and trans- mi tting ground measureriients siiirul taneously.
The use of future (increasingly specialized) satellites wi 1 1 inake it necessary to expand the r~easurement network and speec; up uata transmission time.
In view of the extremely high cost processing satellite data, a prior of the climatic conditions prevail cerned (clouds, atmosphere).
of acquiring and know1 edge is requi rea ncj in the area con-
Because of the sn;a11 storage capac ty of sorrie satellites (LANDSAT, SPOT), there must be very careful acquisitions programniing which takes environmental concii tions into account.
The ttieasurenient neteork enables satel 1 i te sensors to Se calibrated for the utilization of ciata.
Furthermore , satel 1 i tes Gust be 12cjnitOred to ensure that they are functioning correctly and continuous ground truth measurements can provide the assurance that ever,ything is worki ncJ properly.
Annex V - page 9
4. Yethods .- ana techniques used for the preparation of oceanographic products (S. Piacsek)
Fjumerical modelling
Research and developiiient in numerical modelling of the ocean -
Clevelop and test numerical computer models for real -tine ocean analysis ana prediction. include a detailea treatment of the turbulent mixea layer, MODE-size eddies, and western boundary and equatorial currents, tnd plan to use both XET ana satellite data for initialization and updating .
The models being developed shoula
aevelop numerical fiociels \.ti th the theoretical part of the research efforts performed in larae-scale field experiments such as NORPAX (Korth Pacific), INDEX (Indian Ocean) and POLYMODE (North Atlantic). Carry out basic research using non-real-time data, with access to recently updated climatology.
Test real-time ccean analysis and prediction schemes, w i t h access to real -tiiiie ocean observations. No operation21 fore- casts are m a e at present on a aaily basis. Use National Oceanographic Data Centres (PiODCs) as one of the deposi toriEs of ICOSS data, but if any data from some nations do not arrive at NOCC (surface or satellite), then use ICOSS in necotiating with individual centres for additional data.
If any analyses, statistics or climatological operations are performe6 at any ocean centre on slobal data, they should be available to nunerical model centres. For example, trans- mission cf digitized and enhanced satellite pictures.
Annex V - page 10
idurnerica1 Prooucts for IGOSS . -- Use - - -- --- A.
d.
ilbjecti ve schemes that:
a)
-- ------------------- perform niixeti layer depth analysis
b) perfonii eady analysis
c) conibine satellite data with XbT/Guoy/ShiF data
a) perfom current analysis
Predictive schemes that: ....................... a) forecast structure of ocean mixed layer
b) forecast currents
c) forecast sea-surface temperature
Methods anc techniques used for the premration of oceanographic .-I--- proaucts (Lj. Gemlili 11)
-__ I____I_ ___. 4.
Reyicnal --_-- thermal structure products Pesional thermal structure Products car! be develoDecl in several ways dependin$ on the prouucts desired anti the data available. Tr;emal structure can be oresented by the fol 1 owi ng means :
The analysis technique should be kept simple for ease of iniplen~entation as well as control of tiata being used in the analysis. real-time data do not warrant advanced analysis methods at the present time. "niaverick" and I'cjross error" data. Hokiever, optimum interpolation methods aFpear to be sui table for ocean analysis.
The quantity ana quality of most ocean
The Kain data problem is to identify
Feature [fronts, ecidies, etc.1 analyses - manual analyses These analyses are base0 on satellite imagery supPorteu with conventional surface and sub-surface data. hew analysis methods (i.e. pattern recognitiofi) of satellite data should be erlsD1oyea to locate objectively and track irriportant ocean features. "Eniery" T-S scheine for producing operational current measure- ments should be investisated.
-------- .................... --------------L--- __-_----
The feasibility of using XET data with the
Annex V - page 1 1
The analysis will be basea on a combination of
a) observations from XbTiSTDs, and
b) diagnostic model derived values (derived from physical niodel s usi ng atxospheri c input) , and
c) inferred sub-surface parameters froril satellite i ma cj e ry .
Neeas for regional thermal structure products
a) to identify ocean current systems (i.e. Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, etc.) and related eadies
Ej:hMlrje:
a) tG identify terr,perature and water mass boundaries
a) coastal weather - fog, winas, etc. b) cyclogenesis
c) local air-sea interactions
G ceanoci rao he r s
a)
b)
------ --b---- to assist research stuaies in location of features
to nioni tor short-term ana long-term ocean conditions for asses sfient
Recreational
a) beach SST, winds
b) pleasure boating
------------
c) sail boat racinc
Annex V - page 12
Regional products
A. Sea surface temperature
- accuracy - 1.0'~ - gradients - l.O°C/lOO km
--------------- ------- +
+
- wavelenath resolution 200 krn
- 3-day composite - 2 times weekly - data source . fixed and drifting buoy temperature
. ship (temperature)
. X@T/ STD (teriiperature)
. satel 1 i te retrievals (temperature )
. satellite retrievals (gradient).
B. Feature analysis ------------ --- 4- - accuracy -10 km
- gradient detection 7OCi10 k.m - feature resolution (50 km eddies) - wavelength 100 km - 1 day composite - 3 times weekly - data source . satellite imagery
. satel 1 i te i nfrareci =-> pattern recoGni tion ( automa ti on )
(of features)
Annex V - page 13
C. Sub-surface level (2OC m)
- accuracy - 2.0'~ - gradients - 2.0 C/100 k~
--_-------------- +
+ 0
- wavelength resolution 500 km - &day composite
- weekly produced - data source
. satellite surface features
. diagnostic moaels
4. Utilization of IGOSS data
Yethods and techniques used for the preparation cf oceanographic products (Y. Trealos)
For sorr;e fi f teen years, Fan?/ countries have been developing numerical prediction models (dynamic meteorology). A1 though there is still room for improvement, these models are now operational. The 72-hour forecasting period is a hurdle that is difficult to overcome at present in view of the disparity between numerical forecasts and actual fluctuations. One of the reasons for this disparity is inadequate knowledge of ocean-atmosphere thermal exchange. This influence can be understood more thoroughly throuch the real-tirie use of BT data in conjunction with radiosonde observations, thus pro- viding a better cause of the quantities of heat yielded by the ocean into the atmosphere.
iorkshop report No. 17
P.nnex V I
JOINT ----I_ IOC/wMO bJORKSHOP -- ON OCEANOGRAPHIC PRODUCTS AND THE IGOSS CATF, PROCESSING A N D SERVICES SYSTEY --- (IDPSS) -- -_I--____- --
Pioscob:, U.S.S.!?. , 9-11 F.pril 1579
HESPONSIGILITIES FOR PREPARATION OF THE t4ANUAL ARD GUIDES ON THE IDPSS (TO BE CONFIPIblED BY THE SECRETARIATc
Chapter 1 Rapporteur
1.2 U.S.S.R.
1.3 France
1.4 3etherlands (coastal activities)
Norway (ocean ensi neeri nc)
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
Japan
IJ . S . Pt.
I re1 and
U.S.S.F..
U.S.S.8.
France
C.S.A.
Ca naaa
Canada
Chapter 2 Responsible
Chapter 3 Responsible
Chapter 4 Lead country
Chanter 5 Lead country
Chapter b Leaa country
Chapter 7 Respcnsi bl e
Chairman, Joint IOC/krMO Working Conn:nli ttee for IGOSS
Secretari ats
Secretariats
U. s. F!. U.S .S. R.
Federal Republic of Gemany
Secretariats
workshop report ido. 17
Annex VI1
iv,oscow, U.S.S.2., 2-11 ??.pril 1579
These Suiceli nes are offerecl to provide a fraiiiework for ?iei;iber States, once sufficient interest has been shown in aevelopinv an ISPSS project i n a selected ocean ?rea. The cuioelines have been formulated recosnizin5 that an IUFSS proqrame in a selected ocean area wi 1 1 aepenci on envi ronciental monitoring and uata transmission and exchanoe, as well as oceanographic processing, products and services. Thus, for example, the requi reiiients for ocean products will impinge upon the requirenlents for dsta acquisition, etc. The fol lowinl; cjuidel ines are a comprehensive 1 i st of planni ncj activities which Merriber States may wish to consiaer when carrying out such a prograniiile in a selected ocean area. nay choose to contribute to only a part of these activities.
In particular, a Mernber State
i) The Joint IOCiLM3 working Committee for IGOSS should be con- sulted for enaorsement of a selected ocean area designated by Meniber States for which an IDPSS programme could be implemented. If the area involves waters under national jurisdiction, the nations concerned must be willins and active participants in such an IDPSS programme;
ii ) The critical planning activities for such a programe should i ncl uae:
- defining the scope ana objective of the procramme - coilrpiling background infomiatiGn O R the ocean area of interest
includins user categories ana identification of required experti se
- identification of contact points in the region - examining user categories, the extent of user needs and benefits from an IDPSS project
- identifyins the contribution of this proSramme to the global objectives of IGOSS
Annex V I 1 - page 2
- examining observation potential - examining telecommunication potential - examining product potential - preparing a proposal containin: the results of the above
activities for an IDPSS prooramme in the selected ocean area.
In the event that the above planning cannot be acccmplished by the Member States themselves, appropriate assistance from IOC ana WMO should be arranged to conduct a feasibility study including the above detailed planning considerations.
i i i ) An example of the process which may be followed in the planning and implementation of a programme is siven below:
a) Member States and regional bodies should be invited to indicate their will ingness to participate and to support these projects basea on the proposal (containing feasibility study results) and to participate in a task teani to formulate, implement and co- ordina%e the IDPSS programme in the selected ocean area;
b) The task tearri (consistins of representatives of Member States who have expressed interest in the project) should formulate a Project Plan for desired projects including detailed planning for:
. products and services (requirements for capabi 1 i ties of processing centres);
. observations (requirements for observation platform) :
. telecomun'ications (requirements for coastal radio stations,
c) The draft Project Plan should be distributed by the Secretariats;
satellites, etc.);
6) Flember States to review the plan and to declare their intention of participation and suDport;
e) Task team to prepare the implementation prosramme and to outline a specific tifile-table for implementation;
Annex V I 1 - page 3
f) k proyranine operation co-ordinztor within the Secretariats should be appointea to follow the project from the planning stacjes through its implenentation and operational stages;
9) I f required, the task teac should seek resources needed for the implementation of the plan (including LNDP, T E N , IOC- ancl 'r('+lG-VAP, Trust Funa, etc.) ;
h) Impleriientation of project (Secretariats to act as implementa- tion co-crdination centres).
