Joint Institute for Nuclear Researchtheor.jinr.ru/meetings/2006/roundtable/NICA_MPD_project.doc · Web viewOne can speculate to reach a new mechanism of hadronization and a new fashion

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Conceptual project

Design and construction ofNuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)

and Mixed Phase Detector (MPD)

NICA - project

Project leaders ASissakian ASorin

Group leaders Group members

ASissakian(physics program)

ASorin VToneev

I Meshkov (accelerator group I)

AButenko VKobets VMikhaylov ASidorin AVSmirnov

A Kovalenko(accelerator group II)

NAgapov AAlfeev AButenko EDonetsjr AEliseev IIssinsky VKarpinsky GKhodzhibagiyan VMikhaylov VMonchinsky AASmirnov AStarikov BVasilishin VVolkov

V Nikitin(detector group I)

A Malakhov(detector group II)

SAfanasiev VGolovatyuk ALitvinenko PZarubin LZolin

S Bogomolov(ion source group)

EDonets AEfremov

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

21 Goals and general requirements

22 Required parameters

23 Three options of the facility scheme

24 Ion sources

3 NICA PROPOSED BY THE ACCELERATOR GROUP I

31 Structure of the facility and operation scenario

32 Luminosity of the collider

33 Injector

34 Nuclotron upgrade program

35 Electron cooling system

36 Injectionextraction

4 NICA PROPOSED BY THE ACCELERATOR GROUP II

41 General layout of the collider facility

42 The existing Nuclotron facility

4 3 The main design parameters for new facility

431 Ion source

432 Pre-injector

433 BoosterNuclotronCollider

5 MPD PROPOSED BY THE DETECTOR GROUP I

51 The concept of the setup

52 Distinctive feature of particle detection and identification

53 Emphasis on high multiplicity trigger

54 MPD at NICA

55 Toroidal magnet with drift tubes tracker

6 MPD PROPOSED BY THE DETECTOR GROUP II

61 Experimental setup

62 Superconducting magnet system

63 Tracking system

64 The central TPC

65 The forward TPC

66 Hadronic observables

67 Leptonic observables

68 Particle identification with TPC

69 Silicon vertex tracking system (SVS)

610 Design consideration

611 Time of flight system (TOF)

612 Electromagnetic calorimeter (EC)

7 ESTIMATED COST MANPOWER AND RESOURCES

8 SCHEDULE OF WORKS

Abstract

The NICA project is dedicated to the design and construction at JINR of a new relativistic heavy-ion superconducting collider based on the Nuclotron accelerator complex

General goal of the project is to start in the coming 56 years experimental study of hot and dense strongly interacting QCD matter and search for possible manifestation of signs of the mixed phase and critical endpoint in heavy ion collisions The MPD is proposed for these goals

Additionally as a result of the project realisation the potentials of the Nuclotron accelerator complex will be sufficiently increased in all the fields of its current physics program and the facility creation will open new fields of experimental studies

The project realization presumes fulfilment of the following tasks- Upgrade of the Nuclotron and reaching its design parameters - Development of highly charged heavy ion sources- Creation of a new linear injector- Creation of two new superconducting storage rings to provide collider experiment with heavy ions like Au or U at energy 25 x 25 GeVu (equivalent fixed target energy is 24 GeVu ) with average luminosity of 1027 cm-2s-1 if magnetic rigidity of the collider rings is chosen to be equal to the Nuclotron project one the maximum experiment energy reaches 5 x 5 GeVu (equivalent fixed target energy is 70 GeVu )

There are two versions of the collider and detector projects In the first collider version one of the new storage rings will be used as an ion beam accumulator at intermediate energy that permits generation of intensive beams of completely stripped heavy ions and then provides acceleration in the Nuclotron up to maximum energy of 56 GeVu (depending on the ZA ratio) for fixed target experiments

The project of a new linear injector allows also an effective acceleration of light ions to Nuclotron injection energy in order to increase intensity of polarized ion beams

1 Introduction

Over the last 25 years a lot of efforts have been made to search for new states of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of high temperature andor baryon density as predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) These states are relevant to understanding the evolution of the early Universe after Big Bang the formation of neutron stars and the physics of heavy-ion collisions The latter is of great importance since it opens a way to reproduce these extreme conditions in the Earth laboratory This explains a permanent trend of leading world research centers to construct new heavy ion accelerators for even higher colliding energy

Looking at the list of heavy-ion accelerators one can see that after the first experiments at the Dubna Synchrophasotron heavy-ion physics was successfully developed at Bevalac (Berkley) with the bombarding energy to Elab ~ 2 AGeV AGS (Brookhaven) Elab ~ 11 AGeV and SPS (CERN) Elab ~ 160 AGeV The first two machines are closed now The nuclear physical programs at SPS as well as at SIS (GSI Darmstadt Elab ~ 1 AGeV) are practically completed The new relativistic heavy-ion collider (RHIC Brookhaven) is intensively working in the ultrarelativistic energy range radicsNN ~ 200 GeV searching for signals of the quark-gluon plasma formation In this respect many hopes are related to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC CERN) which will start to operate in the ATeV region in two-three years The low-energy scanning program at SPS (NA49 Collaboration) revealed an interesting structure in the energy dependence of some observables at Elab ~ 20 30 AGeV which can be associated with the exit of an excited system into a decofinement state This fact essentially stimulated a new large project FAIR GSI (Darmstadt) for studying compressed baryonic matter in a large energy range of Elab = 10 35 AGeV which should come into operation in 2015 year

On the other hand at JINR there is a modern superconducting accelerator Nuclotron which has not reached its project parameters yet The Veksler-Baldin High Energy Laboratory has certain experimental facilities and large experience to work with heavy ions This study may actively be supported by theoretical investigations of the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Development and creation of a new accelerator facility on the basis of the Nuclotron accelerator complex can be provided with participation of leading specialists from the Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions and the Laboratory of Particle Physics Some elements can be designed and fabricated by several Russian scientific centers

In order to estimate a possibility to start at JINR investigations of a mixed phase of strongly interacting QCD matter in the coming 5 6 years a few expert groups were organized The initial goal of the new facility was to increase equivalent energy of the Nuclotron beams a minimum up to 10 GeVu As a result of the recent common work of the working groups an optimum structure of the future collider facility was proposed and conceptual solutions for all its general elements were chosen

The choice of optimum facility structure and parameters is based on the following criteria- maximum range of center-of-mass energy available for experiments- convenient measurement scheme- avoiding as possible non-tested technical solutions in order to provide a technical design of the facility without a long RampD stage- maximal usage of the technologies developed at JINR and the experience of JINR personnel- optimum usage of existing equipment the facility has to be located in existing buildings

- possible co-operation with Russian institutions- minimum price

The discussed versions of the facility are described in chapters 2-4 Due to wider experimental possibilities preference is given to the collider version of the new facility and two versions of the scheme are described in the project They were independently developed by two accelerator groups The other two groups prepared two concepts of the detector design Each group estimated required cost manpower and resources and prepared a preliminary schedule of the works The results of the each group are presented in this proposal in the corresponding chapters In chapters 7 and 8 an estimation of cost and preliminary schedule of work are given The conceptual project does not contain a detailed consideration of facility and auxiliary equipment eg focusing structure of the collider rings is elaborated very preliminary and optics of the interaction section has not been agreed yet with the proposed detector concepts The main attention was paid to feasibility of the required ion beam intensity and collider luminosity achievement detection of most important interaction events etc

2 Physical and technical background

Heavy-ion beams in the energy range between 2 and about 25 AGeV are ideally suited to explore the properties of dense baryonic matter According to transport calculations baryon densities of 2 - 10 times saturation density may be reached in the center of the reaction zone Such conditions prevail in the core collapse of supernova and in the core of neutron stars Therefore fundamental scientific questions are in reach of the experiments

the nuclear matter equation-of-state at high baryonic densities the in-medium properties of hadrons space-time evolution of nuclear interaction attainment of (local) thermodynamic

equilibrium the first-order deconfinement andor chiral symmetry restoration phase transitions the QCD critical endpoint

It is obvious that the collider option permits a larger region of the QCD phase diagram to be scanned and therefore is in principle preferable with respect to the fixed target option

Future heavy-ion experiments in the equivalent beam energy range between 2 and 25 AGeV (for a fixed target) might address the following observables

Event-by-event fluctuations Hadron yields and momenta should be analyzed event-wise in order to search for strong fluctuations which are predicted to occur in the vicinity of the critical endpoint and when penetrating the coexistence phase (the mixed quark-hadron phase) of the first order deconfinement andor chiral symmetry restoration phase transitions In order to subtract the (dominant) contributions from resonance decays one should measure the yields of the relevant short-lived hadron resonances

Multistrange hyperons Yields spectra and a collective flow of (multi) strange hyperons are expected to provide information on the early and dense phase of the collision as they are produced close to the threshold Therefore these particles are promising probes of the nuclear matter equation of state at high baryon density

HBT correlations Observation of short correlations of π K p Λ hadrons allows one to estimate the space-time size of a system formed in nucleus-nucleus interactions Alongside with the increase of fluctuations the spatial size of the system is expected to be enhanced at the phase transition getting smaller near the deconfinement point due to softening the equation of state (the softest point effect)

Penetrating probes Measurements of dilepton pairs make it possible to investigate in-medium spectral functions of low-mass vector mesons which are expected to be noticeably modified due to effects of chiral symmetry restoration in dense and hot matter Specific properties of the σ-meson as a chiral partner of pions which characterizes a degree of chiral symmetry violation may be in principle detected near the phase boundary via a particular channel of σ-decay into dileptons or correlated γγ-pairs Above a beam energy of about 15 AGeV also charmonium might be detectable JΨ mesons are a promising probe for the deconfinement phase transition

Open charm (above 15 AGeV) D-mesons probe the early phase of the collision and are sensitive to in-medium effects due to chiral symmetry restoration

The early experiments at AGS have studied hadron production (π K p Λ) in Au+Au collisions at beam energies between 2 and 10 AGeV At 6 AGeV also Ξ-hyperons have beenobserved Event-by-event fluctuations have not been analyzed No dilepton data have been measured Therefore new experiments in this energy range should concentrate on excitation functions for (multi)strange hyperons and on event-by-event observables Di-electron measurements in heavy-ion collision are notoriously difficult due to a large combinatorial background and small branching ratios of low-mass vector mesons Moreover such experiments are technically extremely challenging and require a team of RICH experts (mirror UV detector gas radiator) This is particularly true for a second generation experiment (after CERES and HADES) which is expected to be superior in terms of ratecapabilities and momentum resolution In view of all these arguments it is an extremely ambitious task to build a competitive RICH detector within 5-6 years

At higher energies in the beam energy range between 10 and 20 AGeV no experiments with beams of heavy nuclei have been performed Therefore the collider option offers a uniqueopportunity to perform pioneering experiments which should measure all hadrons comprising multi-strange hyperons their phase-space distributions and collective flows This includes also event-by-event observables As has already been discussed the construction of a RICH detector for electron measurements is a very challenging project Alternatively a muon detection system (using a hadron absorber) might be considered to identify JΨ mesons However due to a very low charm production cross section at the threshold and a large background the feasibility is questionable and has to be studied carefully in realistic simulations

A future detector at the Nuclotron facility should be able to identify hadrons including multistrange hyperons and to measure their phase space distribution This requires tracking detectors in a magnetic field and a time-of flight detector Possible detector components of the tracking system are Silicon pixel andor micro-strip detectors close to the target (or the collision zone) followed by fast and large-area tracking detectors (for example based on straw tubes) For TOF measurements one could consider a large area detector composed of RPC modules Depending on the achievable vertex resolution one might be able to identify D-mesons (at the highest collider energies) by rejecting the pions and kaons from the primary vertex

The detector should provide a possibility for accurate and controlled selection of central collisions allowing the scanning of events in centrality

For the collider option a muon arm might be considered to cover forwardbackward rapidities However as mentioned above this requires additional experienced manpower for simulations design and construction and substantial technical and financial resources

The following basic initial parameters have been accepted in designing physical installation

- Kinetic energy of each colliding beam 25 A GeV- The setup covers solid angle close to 4- Average luminosity of colliding beams 11027 cm-2s-1- Total cross section of heavy ion interaction (U+U) 7 b

- The mean multiplicity of charged particles in a central collision 600- Fraction of central collisions 5- Fraction of events with strange particles 6- Fraction of events with lepton pairs in domain of meson 10-4

The following interaction rate characterizes the setup capability

- Frequency of interaction 7103 s- Total number of interactions per year assuming the statistics

is being collected for 50 of the calendar time 11011

- A number of central interactions per year 5109

- A number of central interactions with strange particles per year 3108

- A number of central interactions with lepton pairs in the domainof meson per year 5105

From these estimations it is possible to conclude that luminosity 1027 cm-2s-1 may be sufficient for the decision of the above formulated physical program

23 Three options of the facility scheme (considered by accelerator group I)

In this respect 3 general schemes of the experiment performance were compared (Table 21)

Table 21 Comparison of three possible options of experiment

Advantages DisadvantagesI Collider

1 Convenient experimental conditions symmetry (kinematics of collisions) ldquosimplerdquo data analysis

1 High intensity and high brightness of the beamTo reach the peak luminosity level of 1028 cms one needs of the order of1011 ionsbeam at small emittance and large bunching factor

2 Relatively small magnetic rigidity of the collider rings at large Elab 2525 GeVu can be realized at 30 Tmit is equivalent to 24 GeVu for fixed targetExperiment can be performed without acceleration in the collider rings using Nuclotron as an acceleratorsuperconducting magnets of a modest field small ring circumferenceIncrease of the rigidity to 45 Tm permits increase in experiment energy to 5 x 5 GeVu

2 Strong requirements to vacuum conditions in the Nuclotron at injection

3 Usage of the collider ring for ion stripping at intermediate energy allows

3 Nuclotron has to accelerate ions at large charge state for U the charge has to be

one to accelerate them afterwards in the Nuclotron up to 6 GeVu and perform fixed target experiments with an extracted beam High intensity of the stored beam permits setting up experiments with radioactive isotopes

larger than 60+ stripping has to be provided at intermediate energy that leads to pure stripping efficiency

4 Required intensity can be reached using vacuum arc or EBIS ion sources onlyUsage of vacuum arc source requires a very long linear accelerator (~80 m) and booster EBIS in principle can provide required intensity with a much simpler linear accelerator but the parameters have not been demonstrated experimentally yet

5 Luminosity life-time is limited by IBS in the ion beam rather high injection repetition rate is necessary the ratio between mean and peak luminosity is relatively small

II Internal target experiment1 High luminosity at relatively small beam

intensity High brightness of the beam is not necessary Luminosity level of 1030 сms is achievable at beam intensity of 108 -109 ionsbeamOne can use a large variety of target and beam nuclei

1 Experimental condition is worse than in the collider modeMaximum achievable energy in the centre-of-mass is sufficiently smaller than in the collider modeLimited possibility of the energy increase (10 T magnets )

2 Final stripping is provided after acceleration in the Nuclotron before injection into the new synchrotron at 100 efficiency

2 One needs to build a synchrotron at magnetic rigidity of about 90 Tm ring circumference is equal to the Nuclotron one magnetic field is of about 6 T

3 Simple injection complex Beam storage is not necessary Required intensity can be provided by ion sources of different types at experimentally demonstrated intensity

3 Heavy element gas or fibber target of small effective density Complicated design of the interaction point ldquosnakerdquo for the primary beam and so on

III Experiments with extracted beamOne can use radioactive ion beams but it requires sufficiently higher intensities of a primary beam1011 1012 ionsbeam

1 Experimental conditions are worse than in the internal target To have the same luminosity level one needs to use large thickness of the target that leads to uncertainties in interaction co-ordinates and momentum determination

2 In contrast with point II one needs slow extraction at 10 GeVu

From the accelerator hand of the project the scheme I differs from schemes II and III mainly in one point only scheme I presumes the construction of two new storage rings operating at a fixed magnetic field schemes II and III require creation of a new synchrotron of maximum energy of 10 GeVu The price of two storage rings is comparable with the cost of a new

synchrotron New linear injector for the Nuclotron may have the same structure and price for all the schemes if EBIS ion source is applied

Owing to wider experimental possibilities preference is given the collider version of the new facility and this scheme is described in the project

24 Ion sources (ion source group)

Three types of ion sources were considered as candidates for the accelerator complex ECR ion source EBIS ion source Vacuum arc ion source

1 For the ECR ion sources the achieved modern level of intensity of heavy ion beams (Xe Pb U) with qm ratio 01202 can be taken as 10 pmicroA in the dc mode In the pulsed (after glow) mode one can expect the increase factor of about 23 So during the pulse of 10 s length about of 108109 ions can be produced The new projects of ECR sources allow one to expect in the future an increase in the intensity by a factor of ~10The typical value of the beam emittance (un-normalized) is some hundreds of πtimesmmtimesmrad

2 For the EBIS source ldquoKRION-2rdquo with the magnetic field of 3T (JINR LHE) the achieved level of heavy ion beams intensities (U30+) corresponds to 109 ionscycle (pulse duration 10micros repetition rate 50 Hz)The typical value of the beam emittance (un-normalized) is about of 1πtimesmmtimesmradThe development of the new EBIS with the magnetic field of 6T allows one to expect about of 8times109 ionscycle (pulse duration 10micros repetition rate 250 Hz) Realization of the EBIS with the magnetic field of 12T will allow to reach the intensity of the U30+ beam of about 6times1010 ionscycle (pulse duration 10micros repetition rate 2500 Hz)

It should be noted that mentioned above intensities are based on some extrapolations of experimental data obtained in the magnetic field range 2 divide 3T and need an experimental confirmation

3 In the case of vacuum arc ion source the acceleration process should start with a low charge ion (U4+) with the following stripping-to-charge state 30+ The latest development of vacuum arc sources allows to produce about of 5 pmA (pulse duration ~100 micros repetition rate le 10Hz) that is during 10micros about 1011 ions can be acceleratedThe typical value of the beam emittance (un-normalized) is about 100πtimesmmtimesmrad

3 NICA proposed by the accelerator group I

We discuss here the scheme of the facility providing a collider experiment with heavy ions like Au and U Here we mainly concentrated on the facility parameters at an energy of 25 x 25 GeVu which is equivalent to an energy of 24 GeVu in experiment with a fixed target

The facility has to provide the luminosity level of 1027 cm-2c-1 and higher which makes it possible to study properties of hot and dense QCD matter to be competitive at the world level Increase in magnetic rigidity from 30 Tm to 48 Tm permits tprovision of the collider experiment at 5 x 5 GeVu using the same storage scheme This is equivalent to about 70 GeVu energy at fixed target and sufficiently exceeds the energy available at the new GSI facility The studies of the mixed phase of strongly interacting QCD matter can require decrease of the experiment energy down to about 1 x 1 GeVu

General challenge of collider experiment is to achieve a high luminosity level in a wide range of the beam energy starting with about 1 GeVu To reach this goal one needs to provide maximum brightness and maximum intensity of the beam in the collider rings The beam intensity has to be of about 51010 ions in each ring at emittance of the order 01 mmmrad and relative momentum spread before the beam bunching of about 10-4 Key solutions proposed in this chapter allowing meeting these requirements are- to use an ion source providing the ions at relatively small charge to mass ratio to have a possibility to store in the Nuclotron at injection energy the beam at intensity of the order of 1011 particles - to provide the beam storage in the Nuclotron using RF stacking technique in order to reach the space charge limit - to use a beam cooling at certain intermediate energy to form six dimensional phase space of the beam required for the luminosity maintainance- the final stripping of the ions is provided at the energy of 500 MeVu or higher to have large stripping efficiency 50 To realize this possibility one of the collider rings is used as an intermediate beam accumulator

The collider rings can be operated at slightly different magnetic rigidity that allows one to provide collisions when the rings are filled with different kinds of ions This possibility makes the proposed facility a unique collider in the world

Additionally to its general goal the proposed facility allows one to increase sufficiently the experimental feasibility of the Nuclotron complex in the fields of its traditional activities

The scheme with the ion stripping at intermediate energy provides effective acceleration of heavy ions in the Nuclotron up to its maximum design energy of 6 GeVu This increases sufficiently experimental possibilities to use a slow extracted beam for external targets The collider rings can be designed of relatively small dimensions which permits to locate them in the existing building keeping there enough room for fixed target experiment detectors

The initial part of a new linear injector is proposed to be based on policylindrical cavities (PCC - a kind of accelerator with independently feeding cavities) This type of accelerator can work from very small energy and provides an efficiency of about 70 and acceleration rate about two times larger than RFQ accelerators The cavities of the PCC can be constructed in the JINR mechanical workshop This type of accelerator does not require high accuracy in fabrication of its elements The accurate adjustment of the gap length is provided with small drift tubes used for current monitors As a vacuum container the existing at JINR elements of vacuum chamber can be used As a result the price of the new injector can be sufficiently decreased in comparison with traditional schemes based on RFQ pre-accelerator Additional advantage of the PCC is a possibility to accelerate ions at large difference in charge to mass ratio Therefore the proposed fore-injector can provide high efficiency for light ions as well

and its application can allow in principle an increase in intensity of polarized proton and deuteron beams

The proposed accelerator facility (Fig 31) consists of the following elements- linear injector providing the intensive ion beam at charge to mass ratio of 18- superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron equipped with an electron cooling system- two storage rings operated at fixed magnetic field and used for collider experiment- transfer lines from the Nuclotron to the collider and back- detector

The collider consists of two almost identical rings located one above the other The difference is related to extraction system only The beams are crossing at the interaction point (IP) in the vertical plane

Fig 31 Scheme of NICAOperation scenario1 RF stacking of 238U30+ ions from the Injector in the Nuclotron up to the level of 1011 ions2 Acceleration from 5 to 500 MeVu with cooling on plateau at 300 MeVu3 Extraction from the Nuclotron and injection into the 1st collider rings circulation during

magnetic field decrease in the Nuclotron Extraction from the collider ring stripping on the Stripper target into 238U92+stage injection into the Nuclotron

4 Acceleration up to 25 GeVu5 Extraction injection into 2d collider ring6 Repetition of the steps 147 Extraction injection into the 1st collider ring8 Bunching of both the beams and junction Beginning of interaction detection

The injector provides 5109 1010 ions of charge to mass ratio of 18 at energy of 5 meVu in the pulse of duration of 8 sec The injection repetition frequency is about 100 Hz The beam emittance is of about 5 mm mrad

Nuclotron1) from Injector

accel 1011 to 500 MeVuelectron cooling at 300 MeVu

2) from Collideraccel 51010 to 26 GeVu

Collider1) recirculationat 500 MeVu

2) colliding mode51010 at 26 GeVu

Stripper238U92+ 500 MeVu

Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

Injector for 1010 particles of 238U30+ at energy 5 MeVu

A few tens of injector pulses are stored in the Nuclotron using single turn injection and RF stacking technique After feeding the total Nuclotron acceptance the expected intensity of the stored beam is close to the space charge limit corresponding to about 1011 ions

The stored beam is accelerated in the Nuclotron at the first harmonics of the revolution frequency to the energy of about 300 350 MeVu Here it is cooled down to the emittance corresponding to the space charge limit at this energy with electron cooling system and then is accelerated further to the energy corresponding to the magnetic rigidity of the collider rings The magnetic rigidity of 30 Tm corresponds to about 500 MeVu for 238U30+ and 25 GeVu for 238U92+

The 1st of the collider rings operates as a beam accumulator and the ion beam of low charge to mass ratio is transferred into it after acceleration in the Nuclotron The bunch length in the Nuclotron is less than the accumulator circumference and a single turn injection can be performed with efficiency close to 100 The beam circulates in the accumulator ring when the magnetic field in the Nuclotron is decreased to the value corresponding to 238U92+ at 500 MeVu Thereafter the beam is fast extracted from the accumulator completely stripped at the Stripper target located in the transfer line and injected back into the Nuclotron again The stripping efficiency at 500 MeVu is about 50 the emittance growth due to scattering on the target atoms is minimized by formation of a small beta-function in the target position

The 238U92+ beam is accelerated in the Nuclotron up to its maximum magnetic rigidity achieved presently which corresponds to the beam energy of about 26 GeVu and transferred into the 2d ring of the collider

The described procedure is repeated ones more to fill the 1st collider ring When both of the collider rings are filled with the ions the RF system of the collider is switched on the beams are adiabatically bunched and experiment starts

A possibility of the collider operation with one kind of ions in the 1st ring and another kind in the 2d ring can be realized if the rings have no common magnetic elements This requirement can be easily met at non zero crossing angle The optimum crossing angle value is determined by geometry and sizes of the detector and bending magnets in the vicinity of the IP This value can preliminary be estimated as 2 = 10 200 The nonzero crossing angle leads to certain reduction of the peak luminosity however its decrease does not exceed 10 The nonzero crossing angle brings also some advantages for detection condition

Achievement of high luminosity is a more complicated task at small energy Electron cooling application allows one to achieve the required level of luminosity at relatively modest beam intensity Large bunching factor and small emittance value are obtained by decreasing the emittance and the momentum spread by cooling

The collider rings can be designed of relatively small dimensions (circumference is about 180 m) which permits to locate them in the existing building 205 keeping there enough room for fixed target experiment detectors (Fig 32)

Fig 32 Layout of the accelerator facility

Each storage ring consists of four arcs and two long and four middle straight sections Maximum magnetic field in dipoles was chosen to be equal to 4 T that permits the use of the superconducting dipole magnets developed at JINR as a prototype General parameters of the magnetic system are listed in Table 31 A preliminary investigation performed with Budker INP showed a feasibility to increase the field value to 5 T and higher During this negotiation the mass production problem and the work cost were considered as well (see section 7)

Table 31 The collider ring magnetic system parametersMagnetic rigidity minimummaximum Tm 1248Circumference m 183Number of superperiods 2Number of periods in regular sections 7Long straight sections number x length m 2x30mMiddle straight sections number x length m 4x4mNumber of dipoles eff length of dipole 24 30mNumber of quadrupoles in regular sections length of quads 28 05mMaximum dipole induction T 4Maximum quadrupole gradient Tm +49-45

Beam crossing angle in IP grad 1020

We should underline that the structure of the beam crossing region has not been elaborated yet and does not agree with the detector concept presented in subsection 61 It will be done at the technical design stage

To estimate achievable luminosity a preliminary design of the ring lattice was performed The beta functions and dispersion in the arc section of the ring are shown in Fig 33 the ring and beam parameters used in simulations are listed in Table 32 Numerical simulations of the beam parameter evolution during experiment were performed using the Betacool program

The IBS process was simulated in accordance with the extended Piwinski model It was proposed that the experiment was provided in the vicinity of coupling resonance and beam emittances and heating rates were equal in the horizontal and vertical plane The RF amplitude was chosen to provide the bunch length less than the beta function in the IP The harmonics number was chosen to be 20 which corresponds to bunching factor of about 01 (ratio between mean and peak current) It means that before bunching the beam momentum spread has to be about 10-4 The initial values of the beam emittance and momentum spread were chosen to provide the IBS growth times equal in the longitudinal and transverse planes which corresponds to thermal equilibrium between degrees of freedom on the one hand and to provide the required luminosity value on the other hand

At the beam preparation time of about 20 sec the optimum experiment duration corresponds to about 60 ndash 70 sec The ratio between mean and peak luminosity is about 06

Fig 33 Lattice functions in the regular section

Table 32 Ring and beam parameters used in simulationsIon energy GeVu 25Maximum beta-function xy in regular sections

m 178183

Maximum dispersion in superperiod m 52Dispersion in straight sections maxmin m ~00Tunes xy 68685Transition energy tr ~4 )

Momentum compaction factor 0068Rms beam emittance mm mrad 07Rms momentum spread 0001Ion number per beam 51010

Harmonics number 20Ion number per bunch 25109

RF frequency MHz 3153RF voltage amplitude kV 200Rms bunch length cm 33Beta function in CP m 05Peak luminosity cm-2s-1 51027

Beam-beam parameter 0004Laslet tune shift 006IBS growth times transverselongitudinal sec 4144) The chosen value of tr fits the condition of the ring operation below the transition energy at Ekinetic 3 GeVu At further elaboration of the collider rings the lattice this value will be increased to tr 6

Evolution of the beam parameters was simulated during the first 100 sec of the experiment The ion number is practically constant Due to IBS heating the beam emittance increases about 2 times only The bunch length does not exceed 05 m during 100 sec (Fig 34)

Fig 34 Emittance (upper plot) and bunch length (bottom plot) evolutions during experiment

Initial beam phase volume was chosen to have the peak luminosity of 51027 cm-2s-1 during 100 sec the luminosity decreases about 2 times (Fig 35)

Fig 35 Luminosity evolution during experiment

The beam-beam parameter is below instability threshold and decreases with the beam emittance (Fig 36)

Fig 36 Beam-beam parameter evolution

For this example the average luminosity calculated with taking into account the beam preparation time is about 21027 cm-2 s-1

33 Injector

The linear injector (Fig 37) is designed for acceleration of ions at the charge to mass ratio of 18 It consists of EBIS-type ion source preaccelerator based on policylindrical cavities (PCC) and Alvarez linac to the total energy of 5 MeVu

It is supposed that the ion source KRION developed and successfully operated at the JINR will provide after modernization the beam of 238U30+ ions of required intensity The current pulse duration from the ion source is about 8 s The expected ion number in the pulse is 1010 Maximum repetition frequency is 100 Hz (see chapter 24) The PCC working frequency is 1485 MHz the Alvarez works at frequency of 1485 MHz The maximum design accelerated current is 1 mA The accelerator of PCC type has been designed constructed and successfully operated under leading of the member of group I in the 90th in the Physical and Technical Institute (Sukhumi-city)

Fig 37 Structure of the injector

The PCC accelerator (Fig 38) consists of three 4 cavities feeded by independent RF power supply This structure provides high acceleration rate Usage of a buncher gap provides efficiency of 70 The beam focusing during acceleration is based on the phase variation method

KRION PCC Alvarez

238U30+ 1010 ionspulse

378 keVu 400 keVu 5 MeVu

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

For estimation of required RF power the quality factor of the cavities was supposed to be of about 8000 General parameters of the PCC are listed in Table 33 Electric field amplitude in the gaps was chosen to be 200 keVcm

Fig 38 Schematics of the PCC accelerator 1 2 3 - 4 cavities 4 ndash buncher gap 5 ndash current monitors

Table 33 Parameters of the PCC cavitiesGap number 1 2 3Length cm 3 10 10

Voltage amplitude MV 06 2 2The gap efficiency 08 1 1

Capacity pF 45 27 11RF power kW 10 63 257

Usage of RF field for the beam focusing leads to increase of effective emittance during acceleration The initial beam emittance from the KRION source is expected to be of the order of 1 mmmrad The emittance at the exit of the PCC will not be larger than 5 mm mrad which is small enough to provide RF stacking in the Nuclotron

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

The PCC accelerator can be used for an arbitrary charge-to-mass ratio of the ions and an arbitrary initial energy The cavities can be constructed at the JINR mechanical workshop This type of accelerator does not require high accuracy in fabrication of its elements The accurate adjustment of the gap length is provided with small drift tubes using for current monitors The RF power supply can be constructed at JINR or one can use standard generators for this range of frequency As to a vacuum container the elements of vacuum chamber existing at JINR can be used

The Alvarez accelerator is designed for 146 MVm of the accelerating wave amplitude The parameters of the injector are listed in Table 34

Table 34 The injector parametersPCC Alvarez

Initial energy keVu 378 400Final energy keVu 400 5000RF frequency 1458 1485Total length m 55 25Diameter of the cavity m 12 16

34 Nuclotron upgrade programThe Nuclotron upgrade program includes the next main tasks

1 Vacuum Sufficient improvement of vacuum conditions up to 10-9 Torr2 RF system The sizes of the Nuclotron and collider ring circumferences makes

preferable the use of the first harmonic for acceleration of heavy ions at the Nuclotron The new RF system based on cylindrical cavity loaded with ferrites is planned to be constructed

3 Injection and extraction The new injectionextraction system has to be designed and constructed to allow the single turn injectionextraction intofrom the Nuclotron accordingly to the Scenario (section 31) The system will use two-plate inflector operating in the electromagnetic pulse mode ( ) and loaded on wave resistors Tiratrons will be used as commutators providing pulse front duration of about 20 ns Such systems have been developed in Budker INP

4 Diagnostics The increase of the number of beam position monitors is the main task for effective correction of closed orbit distortions Automatic system of the closed orbit measurement has to be developed It will allow one to measure a real value of the machine acceptance

5 Power suppiesy The 30 present multipole correctors are able to guarantee high quality of the magnetic field correction An inadequate number of power supplies limits this procedure

6 Geodesy The present geodesic net does not meet present requirements It is necessary to reconstruct the net and measure the machine geometry

The Electron cooling system is located in one of the straight sections of the Nuclotron The straight section length is about 83 m and in its center a quadrupole lens of the length of 04 m

is located Such a design permits one to install the cooling system with the length of a straight solenoid of about 2 m The electron energy has to be tuned in the range from 150 keV to 180 keV which is conventional for electron coolers constructed in different Laboratories around the World Maximum cooling time corresponds to maximum electron energy therefore the cooler parameters were optimized for the energy of 180 keV The cooler and ion beam parameters used for the cooling time calculation are presented in Table 36 The ion beam emittance is calculated under the assumption that at injection energy it is equal to about 05 from acceptance and decreases with acceleration as

Table 36 Cooler and ion beam parametersElectron energy keV 180Cooling section length m 2Magnetic field kG 2Electron beam radius mm 7Electron current mA 500Electron temperature transverselongitudinal meV 2001Beta-function in the cooling section m 10Ion chargeatomic number 30238Ion beam rms emittance mm mrad 2Ion rms momentum spread 510-4

The cooling time values have been calculated using the BETACOOL code Simulations with the Parkhomchuk formula for the friction force give the cooling times equal to 6 seconds for longitudinal degree of freedom and 12 seconds for transverse ones Application of the Toepffer formulae gives the values of 3 and 6 seconds respectively Asymptotic expressions for the Derbenev-Skrinsky formula give 1 and 4 seconds Thus one can expect the cooling time values in the range from a few to 10 seconds

The cooling system parameters are typical for conventional cooling systems The cooling system design can be performed by the JINR electron cooling group All the elements can be fabricated at the JINR mechanical workshop

36 Injectionextraction will have single-turn type The systems providing these procedures are based on the principle and technical solution described briefly in section 34 item 3

4 NICA proposed by the accelerator group II

General layout of the proposed development of the existing Nuclotron accelerator complex to ion collider is presented in Fig 41 The essential features of the facility are the following

No new buildings no additional electric power supply lines heat water cooling Collider beam facility does not exclude possibility of fixed target experiments The facility can be used for investigation of light and middle weight ion collisions

including polarized deuterons (collision energy and luminosity will be larger in this case)

Fig41 General view of the Nuclotron based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)

The possibility of experiments at the internal target installed inside one the collider rings can be realized as well

The needed upgrade of the Nuclotron ring including ion source has been considered and presented within the project ldquoNuclotron-Mrdquo

The design of the superferric 84 m booster for the Nuclotron was made earlier although the lattice should be redesigned based on the new specification and the recent world data obtained at BNL CERN and GSI

The JINR has relevant experience in superconducting cables and magnets design and fabrication thus magnet-cryostat systems of both the booster and collider rings can be made by the institutersquos workshops

The U-beams peak energy (25 GeVu) used in the colliding mode is much less than was discussed preliminary for fixed target experiments (5-10 GeVu) thus the problems of radiation safety will take less money

The Laboratory of High Energies (LHE) of JINR is a pioneer in designing constructing and commissioning the world first synchrotron based on low-field iron dominated electromagnets with superconducting coils This accelerator named Nuclotron was built for five years (1987-1992) the main equipment of its magnetic system and many other systems as well was fabricated by the JINR central and LHE laboratory workshops without having recourse to specialized industry The Nuclotron ring of 2515 m in perimeter is installed in the tunnel with a cross-section of 25m x 3 m (Fig42) that was part of the Synchrophasotron infrastructure

Fig 42 Nuclotron in the tunnel

The main design criteria specified for the Nuclotron construction were the following Much less electric power consumption Substantial improvements of vacuum inside the beam pipe Faster ramp and longer flat top of the magnetic field Cost saving for the materials and works Maximum use of the existing facilities and infrastructure of the Synchrophasotron

All these conditions were realized in 1987-93 within the project ldquoReplacement of the Synchrophasotron magnetic system by a superconducting one ndash Nuclotronrdquo The present scheme of the facility is shown in Fig 43 The annual running time of the facility is about 2000 hours

Fig 42 Layout of the Nuclotron accelerator facility and fit of the collider ring

43 The main design parameters for the new facility 24

431 Ion source

The improved EBIS-type ion source KRION designed at the Laboratory of High Energies is chosen for generation of the primary beam of highly charged state ions The general view of the source with 3 T solenoid is shown in Fig 43 The existing and planned parameters of the source are given in Table 41

Fig 43 General view of the KRION ion source

Table 41 Electron Beam Ion Source parameters

Pulse duration8 mks

Emittance 10 mmmradIons U30+ U45+ U55+

Current density cm-2 21019 181020 61020

Present KRION 2

Repetition rate Hz 50 5 16Intensity Ionspulse 109 7108 6108

New 6T solenoid

Repetition rate Hz 250 27 45Intensity

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

We consider as practically feasible for realization within the coming two years the case of a new ion source with 6 T solenoid and pulse repetition rate of 5-10 Hz ie (4-8)1010 U30+ ions per second

432 Pre-injector

The high voltage (750-850 kV) pulsed transformer RFQ section and new linak section are proposed to be used as the acceleration stage to reach ion energy of 5-10 MeVnucleon There is no final design of this part differing from the above mentioned although potential capabilities of the ion source to provide a very high repletion rate of the ion pulses at very low beam emittance suppose more detailed optimization of this part of the facility

The main design parameters are presented in Table 42Table 42

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

Basic parametersCircumference m 84 2515 120-140Fold symmetry 8 8 2Injection energy U30+ GeVu 5 MeVu 50 MeVu 25 (10) GeVuAccelerated ions U U UMinimal U-ions charge state 32+ 50 (63) 92+Magnetic rigidity Tmiddotm 81 4583 4583Type of structural SC magnets ldquoWFrdquo

sectorldquoWFrdquo straight

ldquoCosθrdquo 2-in-1 vertically sector

Type of NbTi cable hollow hollow HollowMaximum dipole field T 2 20 42Magnetic field ramp Ts 12-15 2 3Magnetic field flat top s 05 10 gt 10Beam pipe aperture in dipoles mmmm Ǿ130 110x53 Ǿ60Beam extraction type Fast Fastslow No extractionMaximum extraction time mks 9 27 -Injection time mks 273 26 07Vacuum Torr 10-12 10-9- 10-10 10-11-10-12

Pulse repetition rate Hz 5 025 01U-beam intensity ppp 6middot109 2middot1010

Design luminosity cm-2s-1 - - 8middot1026-3middot1027

Basic lattice parametersLattice type DFO FODO FODOLattice cells per super period 2 4 Under optimizatonLength of lattice cell m 525 786 - ldquo -Lattice cells per magnet arc 2 3 - ldquo -Lattice cells per straight sect 1 1 - ldquo -Free space per straight section m 4 352 - ldquo -

Ion optical parametersTunes (hv) 275 675 - ldquo -Amplitude function (hv) m 14 12 - ldquo -Dispersion function m 2 25 - ldquo -Phase advance per lattice cell deg 62 76 - ldquo -Transition energy GeVu 12 7 - ldquo -

Natural chromaticity nat Q

-3 -8 - ldquo -

Transverse acceptance (hv) π mmmrad 400225 4045 - ldquo -A Booster

We consider the booster version similar to that presented earlier at ASCrsquo2000 EPAC2000 and EPAC2002 The circumference of the booster ring is 838 m It was chosen as 13 of the Nuclotron ring perimeter The large aperture of both lattice dipole and quadrupole magnets is one of the main design features The Nuclotron-type design based on a window-frame iron yoke and a single - layer saddle-shaped superconductor winding was considered for that version of the accelerator A further development of the technology was proposed also to increase the efficiency of the magnetic system the cold mass of the magnet consisting of a SC-winding a beam pipe a reinforcing shell and correcting windings (if needed) is fabricated as a common rigid unit separated from the iron yoke The last one is kept at a temperature of 80 K A small vacuum gap between the outer surface of the cold mass at 47K and the internal surface of the yoke is used to avoid a direct heat infiltration from the iron to the SC-winding The cold mass having a substantially lower weight and surface and the cooled iron yoke are suspended inside the cryostat for example by suspension parts similar to those used at the Nuclotron The two substantial features should be realized in the new design 1) pulse repetition rate of 5 Hz and 2) high level of vacuum in a beam pipe The possibility to construct superferric magnet operating at 3-5 Hz have been demonstrated at our Laboratory The 80K yoke magnet models have been tested also The new 12 kA NbTi composite hollow cable have been manufactured and tested The new booster lattice of DF-type is under optimization The maximum energy of the booster should exceed 100 MeVu to reduce requirements to the vacuum in the Nuclotron beam pipe to reasonable (practically achievable) level

B Nuclotron ring upgrade

The Nuclotron ring upgrade including 1) improvement of the beam pipe vacuum system 2) structural magnets power supply upgrade 3) beam extraction system 4) beam diagnostic and control system 5) RF system 6) beam transfer channel from the Nuclotron ring to the main experimental area 7) radiation shield 8) cryogenic supply system is considered within the frames of the project ldquoNuclotron-Mrdquo has been prepared for the approval procedure The project cost is about 30 M USD for two years starting from 2007

C Collider rings

The use of 4 T twin aperture (in vertical plane) magnets was proposed for the collider rings Several versions of the collider lattice have been considered General criteria for all of them are the following 1) the ring should be fitted in the existing experimental building 2) length of a straight section should be sufficient for particle detector setup 3) the beam injection lines should have minimal length It is clear that the only suitable lattice structure in our case is a racetrack Several versions of the basic collider lattice parameters have been considered One of them is shown in Fig 44 and Fig 45

Fig 44 Lattice functions of the ion collider version

Fig 45 Layout of the existing experimental building and the collider ring

5 MPD proposed by the detector group I

The conceptual design of the setup is shown in two figures One of the main features of apparatus is the use of the toroidal magnet with overall dimensions 2 m (along the beam) diameter 25 m and induction 04 T The drift tubes tracker with usual detection time 30 ns is placed inside the magnet The well-known and more traditional solution is implementation of Time Projection Chamber (TPC) as a tracker but this device with a big drift gap usually of the order of 1 m is slow drift time is 50 mcs and at interaction rate 104 c it will present a drawback

The main modules of the setup are presented in the Table 51

Table 51

Module Element dimension

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Silicon vertex detector 02 ndash 05 mm 50

Drift tubes tracker 6 mm 25

Toroidal magnet 2 m 25 m -

Barrel EM and hadron calorimeters 15 15 cm2 15

Barrel Time of flight system (TOF RPC) 1515 cm2 12

Wall TOF (RPC) 1515 cm2 32

Wall EM and hadron calorimeters 1515 cm2 40

Muon drift tubes detector 5 cm 05

Silicon vertex detector pitch is chosen to be 02 ndash 05 mm which is 10 times higher than technologically possible now Correspondingly the accuracy of coordinate measurement is 10 times lower than maximal possible This choice provides a 10 times cheaper device Physics program does not include tasks requiring precision determination of vertices Coordinate accuracy 05radic1201 mm of single measurement is quite sufficient for hyperon detection and reconstruction of events with multiplicity 600

Rotation of particle with momentum 2 GeVc in a magnetic spectrometer (toroidal magnet) is 60 mrad It is to be compared with the angle of multiple scattering in drift tubes tracker ndash 04 mrad So momentum resolution is estimated to be 06

High requirements are shown to accuracy of TOF measurement for instance difference of TOF of electron and pion with momentum 05 GeVc (decay of and mesons) on the basis of 15 m is 400 ps A similar value for and K at 1 GeVc is 600 ns One should keep in mind that intensity of hadrons is 4 order of magnitude higher than intensity of leptons So TOF system must have resolution 50 ndash 80 ps This is within reach of Resistive Plate Counters (RPC) Recently the so-called Hadron blind detector has been proposed (AMilov nucl-ex0609014) which promises high rejection efficiency of leptons from hadrons It may be much cheaper than other known means ndash RICH and TRD

Hadron calorimeters have poor energy resolution at energy 2 ndash 3 GeV ndash not higher than 10 It is much less than provided by the magnetic spectrometer and TOF Thus calorimeters are not very much helpful for detection of charged hadrons At the first stage of research one can get rid of hadron calorimeters and make the setup much cheaper However for detection of neutrons there are no other means

The paramount important parameters of the present research are energy density and temperature of hadronic matter in the course of collision These values are determined by primary energy of nuclei and their impact parameter Another independent way to control thermodynamics state of a system is to select events with predetermined multiplicity of secondary products A technical way to achieve this goal is to implement an effective high multiplicity trigger sensitive to both charged and neutral secondaries

The domain of very high multiplicity z gt 4 z=nltngt has not been studied (VHM) yet nether in NN or in AA collisions If multiplicity is higher energy dissipation is higher the achievable density is higher too and the thermalization process is deeper Near the threshold of reaction all particles get small relative momentum The kinetic energy approaches the potential one which is a necessary condition for the onset of phase transitions In thermalized cold and dense hadronic gas as consequence of multiboson interference a number of collective effects may show up

- Drastic increase in partial cross section (n) of n particle production is expected comparing with commonly accepted extrapolation

- The jets formation consisting of identical particles may occur (effect of pionic laser)

- Large fluctuation of charged n( + -) and neutral n( 0) components and onset of centauros or chiral condensate effects are anticipated

- Increase in the rate of the direct photons as the result of the bremsstrahlung in partonic cascade and annihilation + + - n in dense and cold pionic gas or condensate is expected

- One possible signaturesof phase transition is large intermittency in the phase space particle distribution and enhanced rate of direct photons

The process of energy dissipation in hadrons interaction poses a complicated problem for theory For instance the well-known and popular event generator Pythia gives pp partial

cross section σ(zal) at zgt2 two orders of magnitude lower than experimental value Hence further experiment and theoretical investigations are crucial for solving this problem It is closely connected with the vacuum structure and confinement phenomenon

On Fig51 we demonstrate multiplicity distribution measured in Pb+Pb collision at 160 A GeV in WA-98 experiment (TKNayak et al nucl-ex0108026) One can see that in most central collisions mean multiplicity is 560 Going to higher multiplicity for the cost of counting rate one can observe events with multiplicity 760 In this domain intensity drops 3 order of magnitude One can extrapolate data to another 3 orders of magnitude down and presumably reach multiplicity 840 One can speculate to reach a new mechanism of hadronization and a new fashion of phase transitions Since we are planning to collect 5109

central events per year we may get 5103 very exotic and possible unusual events

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Beams intercept pointSilicon pixel and strip vertex detectorToroidal magnet with drift tubes trackerToroidal magnet coil (8 coils)Multiplicity detector electromagnetic and hadron calorimeters TOF system (possibly RPC)Accelerator quad (if necessary)

7 Multiplicity detector and TOF system (possibly RPC)

Electromagnetic and hadron calorimetersMuons detectorAccelerator chamberCollider beam

The setup is symmetric respect the plane A-A The right part of the setup is not shown Setup overall dimensions are along the beam 7 m diameter ndash 45 m

6 MPD detector proposed by the detector group II

One of the main goals of the experimental program at NICA is a possible observation of the mixed quark-hadron phase and study the physical effects in this field The setup will work at the luminosity of the heavy ion beams up to 1027 cm-2s-1 for U+U and will be designed to detect probes sensitive to a phase state of heavy ion collisions

Coil with current 300 kA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

61 Experimental setup The experimental set-up MPD (Mixed Phase Detector) is shown in Fig61 As most detectors working in colliders it consists in tracking high multiplicity events and particle identification The tracking system includes both the vertex tracker based on silicon strip detectors and the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) These detectors are optimized for determination of the primary and secondary vertices and for precise tracking of low-momentum particles All tracking detectors (SVS TPC) are situated in the magnetic field 1-2 T which is parallel to a beam direction Two magnetic focusing lenses (MAGNETIC LENS) of the collider are shown in Fig61 The TPC records the tracks of charged particles measures their momenta and identifies particles by measuring their ionization energy loss (dEdx) with a good resolution The TPC is an appropriate detector for reconstruction of events with high density tracks As an example the STAR TPC system could routinely reconstruct about 3000 tracks per one event (MAnderson et al Nucl Instr Meth A499 (2003) 659) ALICE TPC chamber is designed for a maximum multiplicity dNdy=8000 and covering the pseudorapidity range |η| lt 09 (ALICE Collaboration CRNLHCC 2000-001 (2000))For identification of the secondary particles we propose to use Time of Flight and Transition Radiation Detectors in conjunction with a high granularity Electromagnetic Calorimeter These detectors will provide sufficient electron identification capability The chief goals of the TRD are electron identification and tracking

Fig61 Scheme of the MPD TPC - Time Projection Chamber SVS - Silicon Vertex tracking System TPC - Time Projection Chamber SVS - Silicon Vertex tracking System TRD - Transition Radiation Detectors TOF - Time of Flight detectors EC - Electromagnetic Calorimeters MAGNETIC LENS - magnetic focusing lens of collider

The outermost Time of Flight (TOF) array provides pion kaon and proton identification The calorimeter system (EC) is used for the identification of electrons and photons and precise measurement of their momenta Together with TPC (dEdx) TOF and TRD the electromagnetic calorimeter will contribute to the particle identification

62 Superconductive Magnet System

The superconductive magnet system is composed by two pairs of concentric coils and provides a field (1-2T) parallel to the beam For the forward angle the magnetic field is formed by iron cones and produces a radial magnetic field for the forward angle analysis (Fig62) The primary physics-driven requirements for the central magnet design are (i) No mass in the apertures of the spectrometer arms to minimize interactions and multiple scattering of particles produced in the primary collision and to minimize albedo from the magnet poles (ii) Dense material near the collision point in the apertures of the forward arms to serve as hadron absorbers (iii) Reasonably uniform field that could be mapped to a precision in the field integral of about 2 parts in 1000 (iv) Control over the radial field distribution to allow creation of a zero field region near R = 0 (v) Minimal field integral for the region R gt 200 cm the radius of the TPC Field in the region of the photomultiplier tubes of the TOF and the Electromagnetic Calorimeter are also required to be low

Fig62 Vertical cutaway drawing of central and conical magnets showing the coil positions for both magnets Field lines are shown on a cutaway drawing of the magnet The beam travels along the horizontal axis in this figure

(vi) The magnet must be easily moveable to allow access to detector components for commissioning maintenance and replacement These requirements can by made using a system of Helmholtz coils Analogous magnetic system is used in the PHENIX spectrometer (SH Aronson et al Nucl Instrum Meth A499 (2003) 480)

63 Tracking System A large Time Projection Chamber (TPC) (S Afanasev et al NuclInstrumMeth A430 (1999) 210 JH Thomas Nucl Instrum Meth A 478 (2002) 166) is proposed as a main tracking device for the detector at a future collider The ambitious physics program poses unprecedented requirements on the precision of the TPC This modern experiments plan to use TPC at high charged particle multiplicities of up to 8000 per unit rapidity These unprecedented high multiplicities are a major challenge to both the construction and the operation of the ALICE TPC (CERNLHCC 2000ndash001) Another example of the tracking system is the STAR TPC which is able to routinely reconstruct more than 3000 tracks per one event (MAnderson et al NuclInstrMethA499 (2003) 659)

64 The central TPC The TPC is the main tracking detector of the central barrel and together with the Silicon Vertex tracking System (SVS) and TOF has to provide charged particle momentum measurement particle identification and vertex determination with sufficient momentum resolution two track separation and dEdx resolution for studies of hadronic and leptonic signals in the region pt lt 3GeVc Differential energy loss as a function of momentum measured in TPC is presented in Fig63 (S Afanasev et al NuclInstrumMeth A430 (1999) 210) In addition one may plan to organize a fast online trigger using information from the central barrel detectors It will help to improve selection of low cross section signals and rare processes

Fig63 Differential energy loss as a function of momentum measured in TPC The design of tracking system has to satisfy the hard conditions due to high multiplicity of U-U collisions and interaction rate of 8 kHz The frequency of the central U-U collision with impact parameter b lt 5 fm is estimated to be about 1kHz The multiplicity of secondary particles for central U-U collisions is expected to be up to 600 charged particles per

rapidity unit at midrapidity At the design presented here this particle multiplicity results in occupancies (defined as the ratio of the number of readout pads and time bins above threshold to all bins in pad and time space) of the order of 40 at the innermost radius and 15 at the outermost radius End view of a simulated event in central TPC is shown in Fig64

Fig64 End view of a central event The dots are the TPC hits recorded by the pad plane The lines are the tracks which were fit to these points

65 The forward TPC

Two Forward Time Projection Chambers provide charge and momentum information in the pseudorapidity range between 25 lt η lt 40 In the TPC with radial direction of wires ionization electrons drift in an electric field perpendicular to the axial solenoidal magnetic field Reconstructed tracks in the Forward Time Projection Chamber from U+U collision with radicsNN = 5 GeV energy simulated with RQMD model is presented on Fig65

Fig65 Reconstructed tracks in the left and right TPCs from a U+U collision at radicsNN = 5 GeV simulated with the RQMD model

The TPC is the main tool to investigate hadronic observables in U-U collisions Hadronic measurements give information on the flavour composition of a fireball formed in heavy-ion collisions via the spectroscopy of strange and multi-strange hadrons on the spacendashtime extent of the fireball at freeze-out via the investigation of single-particle and two-particle spectra and correlations and on event-by-event fluctuations among produced hadrons Observable hadronic correlations place the highest demand on the relative momentum and two-track resolution In the two-pion BosendashEinstein correlation analysis (lsquoHanbury-BrownndashTwissrsquo analysis HBT) one considers the correlation functions in all components of the 4-momentum difference with special emphasis on the domains Δq~0 The momentum widths of these correlation functions are sensitive to the geometrical spacendashtime source extent of the expanding hadronic fireball Extrapolating the typical sizes of about 8 fm observed in HBT analysis of SPS PbndashPb collisions one may expect that the measurements have to be sensitive to sizes of up to 25 fm or q = 8 MeVc Note that this relative momentum accuracy is needed mostly for transverse momenta below the average value of pt ie approximately 500 MeVc for pions Another important requirement on the TPC is sufficient acceptance in rapidity and pt for the study of spacendashtime fluctuations of the decomposing fireball at the level of individual events and good particle identification Specific requirements on the TPC from hadron physics are the following - Two-track resolution The two-track resolution has to be such that HBT measurements with a resolution in relative momentum of a few (lt5) MeVc can be performed This may require running at higher magnetic fields - Resolution in dEdx For hadron identification a dEdx resolution of 8 is desirable following the experience of NA49 Depending on the final particle multiplicity this can just be reached with the current design - Track matching capability to SVS and TOF For the measurement of vector-mesons via hadronic decay channels of strange baryons and of HBT correlations efficient matching with the SVS is very important Depending on the pt range considered the matching efficiency should be 85ndash95

The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) (A Andronic at al arXivphysics0511229) will provide in conjunction with data from the TPC and SVS detectors sufficient electron identification to measure in the dielectron channel the production of vector-meson resonances for U-U collisions at the RISC-JINR as well as will make it possible to study the dilepton continuum In addition the electron identification provided by the TPC and TRD at relatively large transverse momenta (pt lt1 GeVc) can be used in conjunction with the impact-parameter determination of electron tracks in the SVS to determine the overall amount of mesons produced in the collision Furthermore since the TRD is a fast tracker it can be used as an efficient trigger for high transverse momentum electrons Specific requirements on the TPC from electron physics are as follows - Tracking efficiency Since we are mainly interested in electron pairs the tracking efficiency for tracks with pt lt 1 GeVc should be larger than 90 - Momentum resolution The momentum resolution for electrons with momenta of about 3 GeVc should be better than 25 This is necessary to keep the mass resolution below 30 MeV

- Resolution in dEdx For electron identification the TPC has to provide a dEdx resolution of better than 10 in the high-multiplicity environment of a U-U collision This will in conjunction with electron identification from the TRD lead to a pion rejection of gt103 at 90 electron efficiency for electron momenta larger than 1 GeVc From the simulations made for the TRD this is sufficient for all dielectron physics planned with the MPD detector

A unique strength of the tracker in solenoid magnetic field at NICA is large and uniform acceptance capable of measuring and identifying a substantial fraction of the particles produced in heavy-ion collisions For stable charged hadrons the TPC provides pions and kaons (protons) identification up to pt ~ 07 (11) GeVc by ionization energy loss (dEdx) Particle identification of stable hadrons at intermediatehigh pt is important for collective flow measurements and strong early-stage interaction studies in the dense medium formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions A TOF system with a time resolution of lt100 ps is able to identify pions and kaons (protons) up to pt ~ 16 (30) GeVc as demonstrated in Fig66 Combination of dEdx in the TPC and velocity measurements by TOF provides a strong tool for the dilepton measurements These measurements provide a penetrating probe into the new state of dense matter produced in central heavy-ion collisions at NICA since leptons do not participate in strong interactions during hadronization and freeze-out

Fig66 1β vs momentum for pions kaons and protons from TOF at U+U collisions The separation between pions and kaons (protons) is achieved to pt ~ 16 (30) GeVc

69 Silicon Vertex tracking System (SVS)

The vertex tracking is based on highly segmented silicon pixel and microstrip detectors at mid-rapidity and further silicon pixel detectors in the forward direction The schematic layout of the vertex detector is shown in Fig67 Three internal central layers of SVS are

constructed from silicon pixel detectors and three outer layers are built from microstrip silicon detectors with a pitch from 25 to 50 mkm They will be arranged in two half-shells and will cover approximately minus12ltηlt12 and almost 2π in azimuth Pixel sensor technology is essential for the resolution of the high track density in heavy ion collision in the internal layer Microstrip detectors also could be used in the more outward layers where the occupancies are less severe The forward silicon detectors will consist of four pixel cones per side that match the geometrical acceptance 12lt|η|lt27

Fig67Schematic layout of the Silicon Vertex System

Simulation of the SVS detector performance is performed Both the central and the end-cap layers provide sufficient resolution to measure electrons and muons They will provide a single-track resolution of approximately 50 μm at the vertex (Letter of Intent for the Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at the Future Accelerator Facility in Darmstadt Darmstadt January 2004) A pair vertex resolution is about of 130 μm Vertex tracking is one of the important enhancements of MPD experiment and will give access to exciting physics

TRD systemDesign goals

eπ discrimination of gt 100 (p gt 1 GeVc) High rate capability up to 150 kHzcm2

Position resolution of about 200 μm Large area ( 500 m2 3 layers)

Detectors considered as an active element of TRD and tracker are - thin layer multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) - small diameter thin straw tubes

The TRD has to identify electrons with high efficiency At the same time it will measure the position of traversing particles with resolution better than 200 mkm The required pion suppression is about 100 A simplified detector structure is used see Fig68 The radiator is composed of polypropylene foils with air gaps The detector consists of a periodic radiator and a gas layer with a 25 microm thick mylar foil in between acting as a gas barrier As the base design of ALICE TRD could be taken into consideration(ALICE TRD Technical Design Report CERNLHCC 2001-021 October 2001 www-alicegsi detrdtdr AAndronic (for the ALICE TRD Collaboration) Nucl Instrum Meth A522 (2004) 40 Recent progress on RPCs for the ALICE TOF system Nucl Instrum Meth A453 (2000) 308) The active gas of the read out chamber is a XeCO2 (8515) mixture

Fig 68 A simplified structure of TRD detector based on Straw tubes and MWPC

611 Time of Flight system (TOF)

As the base of TOF system the high rate multi gap Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are chosen Among the main features of the RPC are simple and mechanically stable construction very good and uniform time resolution and detection efficiency large operating plateau and high discrimination threshold ndash prove the suitability of this approach for the construction of the large-area time-of-flight system A view of element of RPC TOF is presented in Fig6 9

Design goals

bull Time resolution le 100 psbull High rate capability up to 20 kHzcm2bull Efficiency gt 95 bull Large area 200 m2bull Long term stability

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Fig69 Element of RPC TOF

612 Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EC)

The EC is the main detector for reconstruction of neutral meson decays into two photonsOne may expect the follow characteristics of EC -energy resolution ~5 - space resolution ndash 1-2mm - time resolution ndash better than 1nsOne of the approaches to the design of EC is to use sampling type of calorimeter ndash layers of metallic and scintillator fibers Such calorimeters were built for PHENIX HERA-B LHCb KLOE and KOPIO experimentsThe size of readout module could in the range from 3 x 3 cm2 till 10 x 10 cm2Optic fibers KURARAY doped by the wave-length shifter with density about 09 fiberscm2

proved good homogeneity of the light collection ConclusionThe performance of the MPD is designed to carry out the broadest possible study of collisions U-U The goal is to examine nuclear matter under extreme conditions using a variety of probes sensitive to all time scales In addition the study of various signals will be performed as a function of both energy and nuclear size in order to separate signals from those of hadronic origin

7 Estimated cost manpower and resources42

The manpower estimates have been made on workshop man-hour price which is approximately equal to 10$ at JINR

Accelerator group I

More expensive elements of the proposed facility are- linear injector- collider rings- transfer lines from the Nuclotron to the collider and back injection and extraction systems- detector

Additional expenses are necessary for the ion source development and the Nuclotron upgrade

Cost of the linear injector has been estimated on the basis of analogous projects in Russia and abroad

Price of the collider rings is determined by the magnet price and required number of magnets Similar magnets produced by BINP cost about 400 k$ One needs to have 48 dipole magnets when maximum magnetic field value is chosen equal to 4 T We consider also the version of 5 T dipoles that requires 40 magnets at the same magnetic rigidity It will save money and time consumption

Transfer lines include a few magnets for high bending angle Injection and extraction systems include fast kickers and septum magnets

Table71 Costs of the project

Element work Cost M$Ion source 075Nuclotron upgrade 075Electron cooling system 13Linear accelerator 55Collider rings 200Transfer lines 17Civil constructions and assembly of the equipment 10

Total 310

Development of the facility technical design requires about 300 man-months including scientific personnel and designer engineers (Table 72)

Table 72 Number of staff members neccessary for accelerator facility design amp construction

Physicists Engineers and designers Technicians15 45 50

We assume at this estimate that significant amount of work will be done by collaborating institutions The cost of this work is included in the prices of facility elements (Table 71) The numbers in Table 72 characterise the amount of the JINR Laboratory staff involved in the project completion

Accelerator group II

The main cost drivers of the proposed by accelerator group II facility are the following low energy injector part including ion source pre-injector and linac upgrade fast- ramped booster collider rings

The expenses for the Nuclotron ring upgrade include vacuum pumping system power supply and diagnostic and control system upgradeCost of the linear injector part upgrade is roughly estimated to 2 M$Cost of the booster is based on the Nuclotron project cost scaled as ratio of the lengthsThe collider rings cost is estimated based on the LHC cost The two main scale factors were used ratio of the lengths (k1) and ratio of the magnetic fields ( kB

2) ie CNICA = CLHC k1middotkB

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

2 = (854)2 = 45 and CLHC = 3middot109Є one can obtainCNICA = 417middot106 Є or 52middot106 USD Cost of RampD preparatory work transfer lines injection and extraction systems radiation safety conditions unexpected works will increase this cost by a factor of 2-25

Table73 Costs of the project including manpowerElement work Cost M$Ion source 075Nuclotron ring upgrade 075Linear accelerator 20Booster 15Collider rings 10 - 13Unexpected cost 10

Total 16 -19

The design and construction of magnets and cryogenic systems of the both as booster and collider can be made by JINR and JINR member-countries Part of special works on RF system fast kickers special SC ndash magnets and some other systems should be performed by collaborating institutions that have more experience in the mentioned directions

Detector group I

Table74 Costs of general parts of the MPD project Element work Materials and

equipment M$Workshop

Manpower M$

Silicon vertex detector 03 08

Drift tubes tracker 16 06

Toroidal magnet 12 03

Barrel EM and hadron calorimeters 08 11

Barrel Time of flight system (TOF RPC) 19 12

Wall TOF (RPC) 33 16

Wall EM and hadron calorimeters 51 16

Muon drift tubes detector 006 02

Data acquisition system 006 01

Software development 001 0

Total 1434 75

Group of physicists and engineers required to implement project of this setup within the time of 5 years is 28 employees 16 physicists and 12 engineers It is assumed that average occupancy of each member of teem is 60 Averaged month salary is 1000 $ Total labor cost of authors collective is 11 M $ This value is not included in table ldquoCosts of material equipment and workshop men-powerrdquo presented below

Detector group II

For cost estimation the setup experience of the CBM ALICE STAR PHENIX and NA49 collaborations was used The estimated cost of the setup elements is provided in Table 75 The total cost of the setup is about 250M$Table 75 Sub-detector structure and cost of the MPD

Detector system Materials and equipment M$

Workshopmanpower M$

Magnet 14 06Central TPC 26 04Forward TPC 20 03Silicon Vertex tracking System (SVS) 20 02Time-of-Flight System (TOF) based on RPC 37 03Lepton Identification (TRD) 34 03Electromagnetic Calorimeters (EC) 34 10Data Acquisition (DAQ) 20 01Offline computing 03 -Infrastructure and Installation 04 01Slow Control 04 01

Total 216 34Manpower cost is estimated for JINR workshops The number of physicists and engineers needed for MPD construction is presented in Table 76

Table 76 The number of physicists and engineers needed for MPD construction

Physicists Engineers TechniciansJINR 30 25 12

Member States 10 8 4Collaborators 10 5 2

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Table 81 Schedule of the collider project I realization

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Conceptual design reportNuclotron upgradeIon source developmentTechnical designFabricationAssemblingCommissioningStart of experiments

Table 82 Schedule of the collider project II realization

The vertical red line denotes time of the Project approval

Detector group I

Table 83 Schedule of MPD group I realization

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Conceptual design report

Silicon vertex detector

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Barrel EM and hadron calorimeters

Barrel Time of flight system (RPC)

Wall TOF (RPC)

Wall EM and hadron calorimeters

Muon drift tubes detector

Data acquisition system

Assembly

Test and start of data taking

Detector group II

The scale of experimental setup realization of MPD group II is presented in Table 84

Table 84 Schedule of MPD group II realization

Conceptual project

Design and construction of

Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA)

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector



5 MPD PROPOSED BY the Detector GROUP I

6 MPD PROPOSED BY the Detector GROUP II

7 Estimated cost manpower and resources

8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

24 Ion sources

3 NICA PROPOSED BY THE ACCELERATOR GROUP I

33 Injector

34 Nuclotron upgrade program

4 NICA PROPOSED BY THE ACCELERATOR GROUP II

4 3 The main design parameters for new facility

431 Ion source

432 Pre-injector

54 MPD at NICA

63 Tracking system

64 The central TPC

65 The forward TPC

8 SCHEDULE OF WORKS

Abstract

1 Introduction

Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


54 MPD at NICA

63 Tracking system

64 The central TPC

65 The forward TPC

8 SCHEDULE OF WORKS

Abstract

1 Introduction

Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Abstract

1 Introduction

Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


1 Introduction

Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector

ECOOL150 keV

238U30+ 500 MeVu238U92+ 26 GeVu

238U92+ 26 GeVu

m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


m 178183

33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


33 Injector

KRION PCC Alvarez

L= 55 m d = 12 m

L = 25 m d = 16 m

RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


RFfeed-throughs

To vacuumpump

431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


431 Ion source

Pulse duration8 mks

Present KRION 2

New 6T solenoid

Ionspulse

8109 35109 3109

New 12T solenoid

432 Pre-injector

5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


5 Hz Booster

Nuclotron(upgrade)

U-Collider2x25 GeVu

-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


-3 -8 - ldquo -

C Collider rings

Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Table 51

or pitch

Channel number

thousand

Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Fig 51

54 MPD at NICA

Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Drift tube chambers

Collider chamber

Silicon tracker

65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


65 The forward TPC

Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Design goals

RADIATOR

Straw tubes

Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Accelerator group I

Total 310

2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


2 Taking k1 = 27000170 = 1588 kB

Total 16 -19

Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector group I

Manpower M$

Total 1434 75

Detector group II

Workshopmanpower M$

Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Total 50 38 18

8 Schedule of works

Accelerator group I

Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Detector group I

Element work 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Drift tubes tracker

Toroidal magnet

Wall TOF (RPC)

Assembly

Detector group II

Conceptual project

NICA - project

Group leaders

Dubna 2006

CONTENTS

Abstract

1 Introduction



33 Injector






8 Schedule of works






Pulse duration

Ionspulse

A Booster


Documents

Joint Institute for Nuclear Researchtheor.jinr.ru/meetings/2006/roundtable/NICA_MPD_project.doc · Web viewOne can speculate to reach a new mechanism of hadronization and a new fashion