JOINT EVENT - iMedPub · wastewater remediation, dealing specifically with applications of electrocoagulation, electrodisinfection and UV and solar photocatalysis. [email protected]

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Environmental Chemistry 2018 & Green Technologies 2018

September 20-22, 2018 Berlin, Germany

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Green Energy, Green Engineering and Technology

8th International Conference on Environmental Chemistry and Engineering

7th Edition of International Conference on

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Day 1Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

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conferenceseries.com

Day-1

Sessions

Environmental Chemistry and Engineering | Environmental Education | Earth and Geochemistry | Chemical and Polymer Engineering | Environmental Climatic Factors | Environmental Health | Environmental Ecosystems | Environmental Technologies and Sustainability Metrics | Green Chemistry | Energy Storage & Conversion | Environmental Chemistry & Pollution Control | Energy & Environment

Chair: Ryan M. Richards, Colorado School of Mines, USACo-Chair: Raquel Jiménez-Melero, Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Session Introduction

Title: New opportunities in a personalized approach to the preleukemic phase of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia Emmanuel C Besa, Thomas Jefferson University, USA

Title: Influence of sonication on the catalytic activity of CuxCo3−xO4 nanocatalysts for conversion of CO into CO2 efficiently Abd El-Aziz Ahmed Said, Assiut University, Egypt

Title: Electro-coagulation/flotation for the simultaneous removal of oil and grease and heavy metals from artifitial bilge water Guillermo J Rincon, University of New Orleans College of Engineering, USA

Title: Mediterranean small ponds: One of the most threatened ecosystems in the world Raquel Jiménez-Melero, Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Title: A green PVC dream is coming true in China: Heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts and related process for acetylene hydrochlorination Guohua Luo, Tsinghua University, China

Title: Green production of PVC from lab to industrialization: Heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination Hao Xu, Tsinghua University, China

Title: Competitive sorption of anionic dyes on CoFe-layered double hydroxide in single and binary solutions Ime Akanyeti, Cyprus International University, Turkey

Title: Real time monitoring and control system for drinking water quality insurance Jasim M. Salman, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq

Title: Low-impact seismic retrofit technologies for school buildings Terenzi Gloria, University of Florence, Italy

Title: Long-term energy saving potential: The case of Korea Kyung-Jin Boo, Seoul National University, South Korea

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Title: Activated carbons preparation from olive stones for bisphenol A and Diuron adsorption Nadia El Ouahedy, University of Poitiers, France

Title: The effects of biodegradable coating on properties of printing paper Rouzbeh Asadi Khansari, Technical and Vocational University, Iran

Title: Medical geology applications of an African geochemical database Theophilus Clavell Davies, University of Nigeria, Nigeria

Title: Selective catalytic reduction of NOx by CO under oxygen condition over Cu:Ce catalysts supported by carbon nanotubes Zahra Gholami, Tsinghua University, China

Title: Survey on chemical use situation among household community products on cosmetics and hazardous substances in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand Sarisak Soontornchai, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand

Title: CFD modeling of cattle manure anaerobic digestion for evaluating agitation via mixer Alireza Noorpoor, University of Tehran, Iran

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Emmanuel C Besa, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

New opportunities in a personalized approach to the preleukemic phase of myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemiaEmmanuel C BesaThomas Jefferson University, USA

Although not all patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) evolve into acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), it is generally believed that these patients if they survive long enough will eventually transform and was in the past named as a

preleukemic syndrome. Basic knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism of the evolution of MDS into AML, development of epigenetic and immunomodulatory agents in its management may give us opportunities of better management of the disease as well as opportunities to prevention of its evolution to a fatal condition given the right circumstances. Continued improvement in classification and prognostication by inclusion of new data including cytogenetics and molecular markers, we are now able to tailor specific treatment for subgroups of patients who share similar diagnostic labels but differ in pathogenesis as indicated by their molecular markers leading to a more specific and personal approach to their management. A specific example in MDS is the presence of a cytogenetic abnormality ie. del5q which is responsive to a specific immunomodulatory agent called lenalidomide (an analogue of thalidomide). This syndrome which for the past decade had no standard therapy that prolonged survival has now shown a doubling overall survival with azacytidine, a demethylating agent. Meanwhile in AML, specific cytogenetic abnormalities have led to a completely different approach such as using a retinoid and arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with the specific cytogenetic abnormality of a translocation 15;17. We also now identified AML patients with cytogenetic abnormalities of the core binding factor such as inverted 16 as a good prognostic marker and treated specifically with standard induction and high dose cytosine arabinoside consolidation. The intermediate group in AML with normal cytogenetics is a mixture of good and bad prognostic patients and with the help of molecular markers such as FLT3/ITD and NPM markers, we are able to tease out the good from the bad and plan out a more specific approach to their management. We an also identify up front patients who will not respond to our available therapies and should be prepared early for possible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The latter has evolved so that we can now push this form of treatment to include some of our elderly patients using less aggressive non-myeloablative approaches and using graft versus leukemia effects to our advantage.

BiographyEmmanuel C Besa completed his MD from the University of the Philippines, College of Medicine, finished his postdoctoral studies from the University of Pennsylvania at Presbyterian Medical Center in Hematology and Oncology. He joined the faculty of the Medical College of Pennsylvania as an assistant professor and promoted to full professor in 1994 and tenure in 1995. The institution evolved into the Drexel University College of Medicine by 2004. He moved to Thomas Jefferson University as Professor of Medicine and Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center as part of the Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation program. He was an active member as part of the Educational Committee of the American Society of Hematology and has designed case teaching which is available at the ASH website. He was awarded the MDS Center of Excellence by the MDS Foundation in 2000 at Drexel and 2005 at Jefferson. He recently retired from his academic position in June 30, 2013 but continues to conduct CME lectures and is active as the Hematology Editor of Medscape Emedicine, an online medical text which is peer reviewed.

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

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Abd El-Aziz Ahmed Said, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Influence of sonication on the catalytic activity of CuxCo3−xO4 nanocatalysts for conversion of CO into CO2 efficientlyAbd El-Aziz Ahmed SaidAssiut University, Egypt

In this work, the incorporation of CuO into Co3O4 (CuxCo3−xO4, 3.0≤x≥0.0) is presented as promoter to obtain highly active and stable nanocatalysts towards the catalytic conversion of CO into CO2. The pure and mixed oxides were prepared by

co-precipitation-sonication method using K2CO3 as precipitant. The catalysts were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, BET, HRTEM, electrical conductivity and surface chemisorbed oxygen measurements. The results revealed that the addition of CuO (x=0.0-0.75) to Co3O4 monotonically increases the specific surface area, the amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen, electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of the nanocatalysts. The role of the active redox sites existed in these nanocatalysts such as Co3+/Co2+, Cu2+/Cu+ and Co3+/Cu+ which are responsible for such modification was discussed. In addition, the catalytic activity indicated that Cu0.75Co2.25O4 nanocatalyst calcined at 400 exhibited the highest catalytic activity with total conversion of CO into CO2 at 125. Furthermore, the CuxCo3−xO4 catalysts also display high catalytic long-term stability. Finally the effects of various operational parameters were also studied.

BiographyAbd El-Aziz Ahmed Said completed his PhD from Assiut University and Postdoctoral studies from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. He is the Director of Material Science and Nanotechnology Center, Faculty of Science and Former Dean of Faculty of Science, Assiut University. He has published more than 110 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as Editorial Board Member of repute.

[email protected]


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Guillermo J Rincon, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Electro-coagulation/flotation for the simultaneous removal of oil and grease and heavy metals from artifitial bilge waterGuillermo J RinconUniversity of New Orleans College of Engineering, USA

The research presented herein discusses the feasibility of using electro-coagulation (EC) as a method to treat bilge water discharges, with an emphasis on emulsified oil and heavy metals (copper, nickel and zinc) removal. EC experiments were

conducted using a bench-scale continuous-flow reactor (manufactured by Ecolotron, Inc.) and a synthetic oily emulsion as experimental fluid. The as-synthetized bilge water contained 5000 mg/L of oil and grease 5 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L and 2.5 mg/L of copper, nickel and zinc respectively. Experimental results showed high removal efficiencies for oil and grease, specially when using a combination of carbon steel and aluminum electrodes. Operating the bench-scale reactor to allow for 1 min retention time and 0.6 A/cm2 produced pre-filtration effluent concentrations of oil and grease of less than 10 mg/L. High removal effciencies were also observed for heavy metals. 99% removal of zinc and 70% removal for copper and nickel resulted from using the same carbon steel and aluminum electrodes, retention time of 1 minute and a current of 7.5 A.

BiographyGuillermo J Rincon is an Assistant Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of New Orleans in New Orleans, Louisiana. He has completed his PhD in Environmental Engineering and MS in Engineering at the University of New Orleans, and BSc in Chemical Engineering at La Universidad del Zulia in Venezuela. He has over 10 years of experience in produced water treatment and recovery and has conducted research in advanced treatment technologies for wastewater remediation, dealing specifically with applications of electrocoagulation, electrodisinfection and UV and solar photocatalysis.

[email protected]



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Raquel Jiménez-Melero, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Mediterranean small ponds: One of the most threatened ecosystems in the world Raquel Jiménez-Melero Universidad de Jaén, Spain

Important conservation efforts are often directed to protect emblematic species or biomes whereas; small closest and less majestic habitats are usually forgotten. That is the case of small ponds. Despite of the great biodiversity they shelter and of

their indubitable social and ecological value, these ecosystems are one of the most threatened ecosystems in the world. The value of these ecosystems is incalculable. Among the goods and services they provide, it would have to highlight the regulation of aquifer loading and unloading, brine and salt supply, flood control, carbon sequestration, water storage, regulation of nutrients cycles, production/recycling of organic matter, sediment retention, source of great biodiversity, green tourism, spiritual enrichment and aesthetic experiences and so on. In the particular case of the Andalusian ponds, South Spain as in other parts of the world, the main threats of these ecosystems are climate change, drainage and ploughing to increase cultivable areas, wetlands siltation due to the high soil losses because of the olive growing, increase or decrease of salinity as a result of irrigation techniques adopted and contamination with pesticides, herbicides and drugs. Of particular concern is the latest threat mentioned, since it affects not only wetlands but also reservoirs whose water is for human consumption. In this plenary talk, we want to briefly show the knowledge acquired by our research group after two decades of studying these valuable ecosystems and the strategies we have carried out to make their values known to different sectors of society.

Figure : Modification of zooplankton community structure as respond to changes on environmental variables. Dots indicate percentage of contribution of each taxon to the similarity in every treatment estimated with a SIMPER analysis.

Recent Publications1. Gilbert J D, de Vicente I, Ortega F, García-Muñoz E, Jiménez-Melero R, Parra G and Guerrero F (2017) Linking

watershed land uses and crustacean assemblages in Mediterranean wetlands. Hydrobiologia 799(1):181–191.2. Parra G, Galotti A, Jiménez-Melero F, Guerrero F, Sanchez-Moyano E, Jiménez-Gómez F and Conradi M (2016)

Effects of experimental long-term CO2 exposure on Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 156:272-279.3. Gilbert J D, de Vicente I, Ortega F, Jiménez-Melero R, Parra G and Guerrero F (2015) A comprehensive evaluation of

the crustacean assemblages in southern Iberian Mediterranean wetlands. Journal of Limnology 74(1):169-181.4. Jiménez-Melero R, Gilbert J D and Guerrero F (2014) Seasonal variation in the sex ratio of Arctodiaptomus salinus

(Copepoda:Calanoida): Does it agree with the “cheaper-sex” hypothesis? Journal of Plankton Research 36(6):1413–1418.

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5. Gilbert J D, de Vicente I, Jiménez-Melero R, Parra G and Guerrero F (2014) Selecting priority conservation areas based on zooplankton diversity: the case of Mediterranean wetlands. Marine and Freshwater Research 65(10):857–871.`

BiographyRaquel Jiménez-Melero is Assistant Teacher in the Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology at the University of Jaén, Spain and Member of the research team called Ecology and Biodiversity of Aquatic Systems. Her aim of the study is the wetlands in general and the zooplankton in particular. In order of understanding, as these ecosystems are going to face the global change, she studied the zooplankton communities respond to the environmental variables and the contaminants. She combines her love for the ecology with her passion for the environmental education and the science popularization.

[email protected]



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Guohua Luo, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

A green PVC dream is coming true in China: Heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts and related process for acetylene hydrochlorinationGuohua LuoTsinghua University, China

Acetylene hydrochlorination to produce VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) is the core reaction for PVC production from coal resource, and this process was taking about 80% market share in 2016 in mainland China. On the other hand, traditional

activated carbon based mercury catalyst are widely used commercially and causes severe environmental pollution and social impact day and night. In recent years, R&D on non-Hg catalyst has drawn increasing attention in China from both academic and industrial fileds and even policy-makers. In the last half-century, scientists worldwide have proved that many kinds of metals can be active for this reaction, and among them gold is widely considered as the most active metal for replacing Hg. Smart non-Hg catalyst with both high activity and long lifetime, and related new process with simple design and low operation cost, will show the best potential for future industrial application. In the last ten years, we have proved that the reaction stability of Au-Cu@carbon catalyst can be dramatically enhanced by the introduction of organic ion ligands. Several ligands were selected and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was proved to be the best organic ion ligand for preventing Au3+ from reduction by acetylene, leading to over 18000 hour’s industrial plant-trial evaluation record, and the VCM productivity reached 4.2 times comparing to industrial mercury catalyst. Meanwhile, DFT calculation results also show that the stability of catalyst is strongly related to the adsorption energy of reactants on the surface of catalysts. Finally, our previous fluidized beds process using Bi-Cu@SiO2 catalyst will also be discussed in this talk. The dream for green PVC is coming soon in China.

Recent Publications1. Hao Xu, Kai Zhou, Jiangkun Si, Chunhua Li and Guohua Luo (2016) Ligand coordination approach for high reaction

stability of an Au-Cu bimetallic carbon-based catalyst in acetylene hydrochlorination process. Catalysis Science & Technology 6:1357-1366.

2. Kai Zhou, Jinchao Jia, Chunhua Li, Hao Xu, Jun Zhou, Guohua Luo and Fei Wei (2015) A low content Au-based catalyst for hydrochlorination of C2H2 and its industrial scale-up for future PVC processes. Green Chemistry 17(1):356-364.

3. Kai Zhou, Wei Wang, Zhun Zhao, Guohua Luo, Jeffrey T Miller, Michael S Wong and Fei Wei (2014) Synergistic gold bismuth catalysis for non-mercury hydrochlorination of acetylene to vinyl chloride monomer. ACS Catalysis 4(9):3112-3116.

4. Kai Zhou, Jiangkun Si, Jinchao Jia, Jiaqi Huang, Jun Zhou, Guohua Luo and Fei Wei (2014) Reactivity enhancement of N-CNTs in green catalysis of C2H2 hydrochlorination by a Cu catalyst. RSC Advances 4(15):7766-7769.

5. Kai Zhou, Jinchao Jia, Xiaogang Li, Xiaodong Pang, Chunhua Li, Jun Zhou, Guohua Luo and Fei Wei (2013) Continuous vinyl chloride monomer production by acetylene hydrochlorination on Hg-free bismuth catalyst: From lab-scale catalyst characterization, catalytic evaluation to a pilot-scale trial by circulating regeneration in coupled fluidized beds. Fuel Processing Technology 108(SI):12-18.

BiographyGuohua Luo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University. His research interest covers from fundamental level by lab-scale experiments to potential industrial applications on novel solid catalysts design and evaluation, gas-solid fluidized-bed reactors for carbon nanotubes, DeNOx process, catalytic synthesis of fine chemicals and green nano-gold@carbon (non-Hg) catalyst for PVC industry. He has published over 90 peer-reviewed academic papers which have been cited over 2000 times. He received three first prizes, from the Ministry of Education of China in natural science (2005) and technology invention (2012), from Chinese Union of Petroleum and Chemical Industry in science and technology progress (2015).

[email protected]


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Hao Xu, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Green production of PVC from lab to industrialization: Heterogeneous non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination Hao XuTsinghua University, China

Acetylene hydrochlorination is the main reaction for the dominant process for VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) production from coal resource in mainland China. The traditional activated carbon based mercury catalyst for this reaction causes

severe human damage and environmental pollution. Gold is widely considered as the most active metal for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction and copper is the most common metal with cost-effective advantage. The combination of two metals shows the best potential for environmentally friendly non-mercury catalysts. In our study, the performance of Au/Cu catalyst was dramatically enhanced by the introduction of organic ion ligands. Several ligands were studied and trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) was proved to be an effective ligand for preventing Au3+ from reduction by acetylene, leading to longer catalyst lifetime. The findings were successfully verified by over 18000 hour’s industrial plant-trial evaluation, and the VCM productivity reached 4.2 times comparing to industrial mercury catalyst. Abundant characterization methods including TEM, XRD, TPR, XPS, ICP-AES and nitrogen adsorption-desorption were carried out to reveal the factors which affect the activity and stability of catalysts. Meanwhile, DFT calculation results also illustrated the stability of catalyst is strongly related to the adsorption energy of reactants on the surface of catalysts. Further, reaction and deactivation kinetics of acetylene hydrochlorination reaction was studied and a model was built to simulate the performance of catalyst in long term industrial reactors by limited laboratory data. We have great confidence that the extensive application of non-mercury catalysts can be realized in few years.

BiographyHao Xu received his Bachelor’s degree in 2014 from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China with a major of Chemical and Industrial Biological Engineering. He is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, China. He is working on the development of non-mercury catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination process and corresponding reactor design & simulation. He also devotes himself to the industrialization of the process and the developed catalysts have been working on pilot-trial equipment for over 18000 hours.

[email protected]


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Ime Akanyeti et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Competitive sorption of anionic dyes on CoFe-layered double hydroxide in single and binary solutionsIme Akanyeti and Jamilu AbdullahiCyprus International University, Turkey

The synthetic dyes released by the effluents of various industries result in severe environmental pollution that may cause carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on living organisms. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) were extensively studied as

high capacity sorbents for the removal of dyes from water. However, a comprehensive understanding of why one dye is sorbed more than the other still remains unknown. In addition, we know very little how sorption mechanisms scale when more than one dye is present in the solution. In this study, a comparative investigation was performed to evaluate the sorption capacity of CoFe LDH for three different dyes: methyl orange (MO), remazol brilliant blue reactive (RBBR) and allura red (AR). Moreover, to shed light on the competitive sorption mechanisms, the sorption behaviour of CoFe LDH in a binary dye solution of MO and RBBR was elucidated. The results indicated that the sorption affinity of CoFe LDH is the highest for MO (750 mg/g) followed by RBBR (155 mg/g) and AR (~83 mg/g), respectively. Sorption of MO on CoFe LDH is best described by the Freundlich isotherm model whereas the Langmuir model has the best fit for RBBR and AR sorption. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and LDH charge analysis results showed that ion exchange mechanism and electrostatic interactions play important roles in dye sorption. In a binary solution, the mass of MO sorbed was reduced significantly while the mass of RBBR sorbed did not change, which was attributed to the alteration of the electrostatic properties of the LDH after the sorption.

BiographyIme Akanyeti obtained her Environmental Engineering Degree from Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey in 2005. After she received her Master’s Degree in Environmental Sciences in Wageningen University, 2007; she has worked as a Researcher in Wetsus, Centre of European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology in the Netherlands for about a year. She has completed her PhD degree in Edinburgh University, Scotland in 2013. She obtained a position as a Lecturer in February 2014 and Assistant Professor in July 2014 in Department of Environmental Engineering at Cyprus International University. She has published several papers in reputed journals.

[email protected]



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Jasim M Salman et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Real time monitoring and control system for drinking water quality insuranceJasim M Salman and Abed J KadhimAl-Nisour University College, Iraq

Monitoring and control technologies are indispensable for the production of safe drinking water. They allow for the surveillance of source water quality and the detection of environmental pollution threats, thus defining the boundary

conditions for the subsequent treatment and providing early warning in case of unexpected contaminations. They are mandatory for the permanent control of the treatment process and the efficacy of each single treatment step and they safeguard the high quality of final stage consuming water. Furthermore, appropriate analytical techniques are indispensable for the detection of changes in water quality during distribution and for monitoring drinking water quality at consumers’ tap. Reliable monitoring technologies contribute to a large extent to the consumers’ trust in a high drinking water quality. It has been completed and implemented the design of online continuous monitoring system which include electrodes for measuring the pH, temperature, turbidity, free chlorine TDS, conductivity, salinity and dissolved oxygen. This monitoring system has been linked to the processing drinking water line in Waziriya site-Baghdad city for a period of ten consecutive days and the extent of the work amounted to two and a half hours a day. At the same time samples were withdrawn from the same source for the purpose of laboratory testing and the results were compared to the online results which gave nearly consistent between the two tests. The current design might be expanded to include the possibility of adding future sensors to measure bacteriology picture and add modem for the purpose of wireless signal transmission. The plan of project consisted of purchased and connected parts of the whole system according to the final layout of proposed monitoring system as a compact panel and connects this panel to one of drinking water stream (Al Waziriya site was selected for our work) to monitor continuously the quality of drinking water and comparing the on-line results with laboratories results for the same stream of drinking water. Also this research work included design and implementation of wired signal transmission system that transforms the online results of drinking water to a central control room within distances of 1-250 m.

Figure: Electrical diagram of monitoring system

Recent Publications1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), December 2005, Water Sentinel System Architecture, EPA 817-D-05-

003, Draft Version 1.0.2. J.A. Schlegel, January 2004, Automated distribution system monitoring supports water quality, streamlines system

management, and fortifies security, Journal of American Water Works Association.3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), August 2005, Technologies and Techniques for Early Warning Systems

to Monitor and Evaluate Drinking Water Quality: A State-of-the-Art Review, EPA. 2005. EPA/600/R-05/1364. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), May 2007, Water Security Initiative: Interim Guidance on Planning for

Contamination Warning System Deployment, EPA. 2007. EPA 817-R-07-002.

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5. J.M. Salman, March 2006, Measurements of Water Criteria in Five Drinking Water Stations South of Baghdad near Very Polluted Sources.

BiographyJasim M Salman (Assistant Dean for Scientific Affairs-Al-Nisour University College, Iraq) holds a PhD in chemical engineering, in addition to numerous international certifications in the field of environmental management. Dr. Salman’s achievements span more than three decades of significant leadership in the fields of chemical engineer process, adsorption process, preparation of activated carbons, environmental applications, water, soil, air monitoring and analysis (laboratories & fields), solar energy applications. Dr. Salman published more than 100 scientific manuscript, book and patent, he participated many scientific conferences, meeting and workshop. He got many awards from different national & international sides; the last one was scientist’s medal 2017 from International association for advance materials in Sweden. Dr. Salman has provided critical projects management and implementation services to international private sector companies operating in Iraq in addition to consultation and advisory services to the international companies in Iraq since 2003.

[email protected]



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Terenzi Gloria et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Low-impact seismic retrofit technologies for school buildingsTerenzi Gloria1, Sorace Stefano2 and Costoli Iacopo1

1University of Florence, Italy2University of Udine, Italy

Supplemental damping strategies are increasingly adopted for seismic retrofit of frame structures also in consideration of their low-impact architectural and environmental characteristics. A further spreading of these technologies in the professional

community strongly depends on the availability of simple design procedures, especially concerning the preliminary sizing of the dissipaters. A viable design criterion was recently proposed by the author to this aim and applied to the retrofit study of a reinforced concrete gym buiding. A new case study, namely a school building in Florence dating back to the early 1980s, is examined in this paper, so as to evaluate the feasibility of the criterion for a more complex structure. The building is composed of two portions, with reinforced concrete and steel frame structure, respectively. Similarly to several other buildings of the same period, the structure is infilled by heavy reinforced concrete panels interacting with the frame elements under horizontal loads. A careful reconstruction of the structural characteristics of the constituting members, based on the original design documentation and on-site testing campaigns, highlighted specific drawbacks in current state, related to a remarkable degradation of the materials and a poor performance of several elements. The retrofit solution considered in this study consists in removing the infill panels and replacing them with a set of dissipative braces incorporating fluid viscous dampers as protective devices. The design is carried out by the sizing criterion mentioned above, targeting an elastic structural response up to the maximum considered earthquake normative level. A performance analysis carried out in retrofitted conditions confirms that the proposed sizing criterion helps optimizing the mechanical characteristics of the dampers by carrying out simple procedural design steps.

Figure: Frontal view of the school building analyzed

Recent Publications1. Sorace S, Terenzi G and Licari M (2015) Traditional and viscous dissipative steel braced top addition strategies for a

R/C building. International Journal of Structural Engineering, 6(4):332-353. 2. Sorace S, Terenzi G and Mori C (2016) Passive energy dissipation-based retrofit strategies for R/C frame water towers.

Engineering Structures 106:385-398. 3. Sorace S, Terenzi G, Bitossi C and Mori E (2016) Mutual seismic assessment and isolation of different art objects. Soil

Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 85:91-102.4. Sorace S and Terenzi G (2016) Analysis and seismic isolation of an older reinforced concrete vaulted building.

Contemporary Engineering Sciences 9(25):1201-1215.

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5. Sorace S and Terenzi G (2017) Existing prefab R/C industrial buildings: seismic assessment and supplemental damping-based retrofit. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 94:193-203.

BiographyTerenzi Gloria has completed her Graduation in Civil Engineering at the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, in 1991. In 1996, she has completed her PhD in Structural Engineering at the University of Florence. From 2001 to 2015, she was a Researcher in Structural Engineering in the DICEA Department at the University of Florence. Since 2015, she is working as an Associate Professor of Structural Engineering in the same department, where she is currently teaching structural engineering, and earthquake engineering. Her main research fields concern earthquake engineering, structural dynamics, finite element modelling, and structural assessment. Two among her papers were jointly awarded in 2001 edition of the “Munro Prize". Another paper was awarded in 2002 “IABSE Outstanding Paper Award”, for the best paper published every year in Structural Engineering International journal.

[email protected]



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Kyung-Jin Boo, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Long-term energy saving potential: The case of KoreaKyung-Jin BooSeoul National University, South Korea

Background & Aim: The Korean government has established four national energy masterplans in which demand and supply for energy was projected along with a set of policy goals and a series of strategies and action plans to attain them. These masterplans, however, have not been successfully implemented as planned. In the recognition of the limit of the past energy masterplan, this study attempts to address these problems with a different and new scenario approach shifted from supply-oriented to demand-oriented to find an energy saving potential.

Modeling Assumptions: Despite the continuing reliance on coal and nuclear energy for power generation to meet the base load, it is projected to be strong growth in power generation from wind power and solar PVs driven by the recently established renewable energy 2030. Korea’s energy saving goals can be attained through implementing energy efficiency improvement programs in all energy sectors.

Findings: With an assumption of low economic and population growth, final energy consumption in Korea is projected to increase at low average rate of 0.8 % a year between 2013 and 2040 under the BAU scenario. Based on this BAU scenario, a total of five alternative scenarios are developed on the focus of policy options: first, improved efficiency of final energy demand (APS1); second, more efficient thermal power generation (APS2); third, higher contribution of renewable energy to total supply (APS3); fourth, contribution of nuclear energy to total supply (APS4); and finally, combined effects of APS 1-4 (APS5).

Conclusion & Significance: Up to now the Korean government has been mainly concerned with policy priorities of energy security, energy efficiency and environmental preservation. Now it is the time for Korea to synergize those efforts exerted so far by selection and concentration of policy tools and programs base on the outcomes of this study.

Final Energy Consumption by Sector, BaU and APS

Recent Publications1. Boo, Kyung-Jin (2017) Effective reform of electricity industry fund and development of new businesses. Sponsored by

Korea Electricity Industry Foundation Fund (KEIFF).2. Han Phoumin, Shigeru Kimura, et al. (2016) Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). Energy

Outlook and Energy Saving Potential in East Asia. ISBN: 978-8660-94-5. Chapter 9.3. Lee D and Boo K (2015) Clustering Analysis of Differentiation of Renewable Energy Market in Developing Countries.

Korea Society of Innovation. Innovation Studies. Volume 10:1. 4. Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy.(2014). Korea Energy Masterplan. Outlook & policies to 2035.

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5. Boo, Kyung-Jin. 2013. 2012 Modularization of Korea’s Development Experiences: Energy Policy. Korea Development Institute (KDI). ISBN: 97889-93695-64-7.

BiographyKyung-Jin Boo is currently teaching a series of courses on energy economics and policy, technology and standards at Seoul National University. He has been a Researcher at Korea Energy Economic Institute (KEEI), a unique government-sponsored research institute since 1980. With key knowledge and experience in both Renewable Energy and Economic Policies, he has been giving insight into the government policies and plans to invigorate the development and deployment of renewable energy technologies. He has been playing a key role in international fora and organizations of renewable energy and sustainability. He has completed his BS in Mining and Petroleum Engineering at Seoul National University in 1979; MBA in International Business at the same university in 1983 and PhD at the University of Delaware, US, in Public Economics and Policy. He has authored and co-authored numerous research papers and reports.

[email protected]



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Nadia El Ouahedy et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Activated carbons preparation from olive stones for bisphenol A and Diuron adsorptionNadia El Ouahedy1, 2, Satu Ojala3, Laurence Pirault Roy1 and Rachid Brahmi21University of Poitiers, France2Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco3University of Oulu, Finland

Olive stones are an agricultural waste from the olive oil industry and represent one of the most abundant renewable resources in Mediterranean areas. In addition, much attention is paid to water quality and removal of persistent organic

pollutants as the well-known endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) or the herbicides such as Diuron. So, the aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using this biomass for the preparation of activated carbon (AC) for BPA and Diuron adsorption from polluted waters. The AC was prepared according to the method of chemical activation and pyrolysis. To optimize the performances of the obtained materials (expressed in terms of adsorption capacity), the effect of main preparation parameters was studied, such as pyrolysis temperature, activating agent and mass ratio. The prepared AC were characterized by DRX, FTIR, SEM, N2 adsorption-desorption and CHNS. Simultaneously, a study was performed on the effects of temperature, pH solution, and initial concentration on the removal efficiency for our targeted pollutants. Further, simplified kinetic models (pseudo-First-order and pseudo-Second-order) were tested to investigate the adsorption behaviors and Freundlich and Langmuir models to analyze the adsorption equilibrium. Promising performances were pointed out as 70% of Diuron and 92% of BPA can be removed from aqueous solution for an initial concentration respectively 35 mg/L and 20 mg/L, when the usual concentrations of BPA in environmental waters are in the range of 10 ng/L to 400 μg/L and Diuron is around 1600 ng/L. Adsorption on AC has many advantages because it converts agricultural waste to useful added-value adsorbent and proposes a low operating cost, easy use, simple design but efficient technique. To achieve a complete process of remediation, we check the possibility to desorb pollutants from AC and to oxidize them through VOC’s catalytic treatment.

BiographyNadia El Ouahedy is a 2nd year PhD student in University of Chouaib Doukkali in Morocco and University of Poitiers in France working on depollution of water by hybrid system as a part of the Project PHC Maghreb 2016. She is doing the preparation of adsorbents from olive waste providing from Morocco, such as the charcoal prepared by the hydrothermal carbonization process at Triers University in Germany, and activated carbon at University of Poitiers in France and Oulu University in Finland, to apply them for the adsorption of bisphenol A and Diuron followed by a catalytic oxidation of those pollutants.

[email protected]



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Rouzbeh Asadi Khansari et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

The effects of biodegradable coating on properties of printing paperRouzbeh Asadi Khansari1, Mohammadreza Dehghani Firouzabadi2 and Hossein Resalati31Technical and Vocational University, Iran2Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran3Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

Coating improves paper properties and can be applied in production and converting of paper. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of biodegradable coatings on physical and mechanical properties of printing paper.

The coatings were composed of kaolin clay, ground calcium carbonate, dispersant and different ratios of polyvinyl acetate, lactic acid and distilled water. Five formulations were made and the formulations had 30% or 50% solid content. After coating using bar method, the base papers were dried and calendered. Physical, barrier and mechanical properties were examined for each sample. The pigments and binders can be seen in the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) view graphs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of binders and their reactions. The results were obtained from ANOVA and Duncan tables. The coating treatments improved many of the mechanical properties (tear and burst) but had an adverse effect on the mechanical indexes. All measured optical properties (brightness, opacity and yellowness) were improved due to coating. Water absorption values (Cobb) were increased in the many treatments, but it was reduced in one formulation in order to more binders. The three combinations of coatings with 50% solid content reduced roughness which had correlation with improvement of barrier properties. The best barrier properties were found in the 3 combinations. The third suspension with 50% solid had the best droplet contact angle and contact angle change over time. The results showed that our slurry formulations decreased air permeability and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in the coated papers.

Figure : Clay particles on the coated paper.

Recent Publications1. Rouzbeh Asadi Khansari, Mohammadreza Dehghani Firouzabadi and Hossein Resalati (2017) The effect of coatings

and coating weight by two types of PCC on barrier and optical properties and roughness of paper. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries 8(2):283-295.

2. Asadi Khansari R, Dehghani Firouzabadi M R and Resalati H (2017) Fluting and kraft liner papers with GCC coatings and PVA binder. Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology 24(1):145-160.

3. Rouzbeh Asadi Khansari, Mohammadreza Dehghani Firouzabadi and Hossein Resalati (2016) The effect of biodegradable coatings on the barrier properties of papers. Iranian Journal of Wood and Paper Industries 7(1):91-101.

BiographyRouzbeh Asadi Khansari is a Lecturer in the Faculty of Sowmeh Sara, Department of Wood and Paper Industry at the University of Technical and Vocational, where he has been a Faculty Member since 1997. He is the Head of Wood and Paper Industry Department. He has completed his PhD at Gorgan University and his Undergraduate studies at Tarbiat Modares University (TMU). His research interests lie in the area of coating of papers by biopolymers and nano fibers and biotechnology for pulp and paper, ranging from theory to design to implementation. He has collaborated actively with researchers in engineered wood and fibers composites, particularly wood modification on problems at the panel/fiber interface.

[email protected]


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Zahra Gholami et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx by CO under oxygen condition over Cu:Ce catalysts supported by carbon nanotubesZahra Gholami and Guohua LuoTsinghua University, China

Flue gas DeNOx process with no ammonia under oxygen condition and moderate temperatures is an ideal process with low cost, but is very challenging. In this work, catalytic activity of a series of carbon nanotubes (CNT) supported catalysts with

different molar ratios of Cu:Ce prepared by co-impregnation method were studied for NO reduction by CO. Physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied by means of SEM, TEM, XRD and XPS. The catalytic performances of these catalysts were evaluated through reduction of NO by CO. The 20wt.% Cu1:Ce3/CNT catalyst shows the highest NOx conversion of 96% at 220°C. Compared to some literatures results, the catalytic activity of the CNT-supported catalysts was significantly enhanced due to the synergistic interactions between Cu:Ce and good properties of CNTs such as high mechanical strength and electrical and thermal conductivity, adsorption and unique nanostructure. The redox equilibrium (Cu2++Ce3+↔Cu++Ce4+) was proposed here and the interaction between copper and cerium resulted in the formation of Cu+ species on the surface of the CNTs. The synergistic effect between surface oxygen vacancies and Cu+ species over the CNT supported catalysts plays an important role in the reduction of NO by CO under oxygen condition and the activity is mainly related to the electronegativity of elements, the reduction and adsorption behaviors of these catalysts. This work can provide some insights into the catalytic reactions among NO and CO under oxygen condition.

BiographyZahra Gholami is currently a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University, China, where she works on selective catalytic reduction of NOx. She has completed her Bachelor’s, Master’s and Doctorate in Chemical Engineering. From 2014 to 2016, she continued her research work as a Postdoctoral Researcher at Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia. She has published 20 original research papers in reputed journals and served as Manuscript Peer Reviewer for several journals. Her research interests includes Catalysis, Heterogeneous Catalysts, Reaction Engineering and Environmental Engineering.

[email protected]


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Sarisak Soontornchai, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Survey on chemical use situation among household community products on cosmetics and hazardous substances in Nonthaburi Province, ThailandSarisak SoontornchaiSukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand

Since chemical safety among household community products are still concerned, therefore, the objectives of this applied research were to survey chemical use situation in household community products on cosmetics and hazardous substances

in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. This qualitative research was conducted in samples of 18 household community product entrepreneurs obtaining product quality according to community product standard in Nonthaburi Province by in-depth interview. The research instrument with content validity by 3 experts was interviewing form on chemical use situation of household community products. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The findings of this research revealed that most of the entrepreneurs were single enterprise with investment cost of 50,000 – 100,000 baht. They formulate their household community products by production process from training. Their chemicals used were selected by consulting experts. They generated their products in their own residents with separated areas, kept their chemicals in those areas as well, and worked guided by attached chemical sheets. They used personal protective equipment and disposed production waste through public drainage pipe. They had no chemical information and hazard communication in their production area. The chemicals mainly used were detergent, surfactants, acids, and bases as well as herbs. They all realized aquatic environment pictogram and correct practices in terms of separated production and cooking containers, chemical contact with gloves, concern with chemical contact to their eyes, immediate cleaning of chemical spill, no smoking while working, and hand washing after chemical handling and before eating.

BiographySarisak Soontornchai has completed his DSc (Nutritional Toxicology) from Mahidol University and training from Max von Pettenkofer, Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Chemical and Biochemical Sensor, Muenster, Germany. He is Associate Professor of Public Health in School of Health Science, Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University, Thailand. He has published about 30 papers and has been serving as Editor-in-Chief of STOU Journal. Additionally, he is as an Editorial Board Member of ASEAN Journal of Open and Distance Learning (AJODL) and Thai Journal of Toxicology.

[email protected]


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Day 2Scientific Tracks & Abstracts

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Green Technology & Energy Science | Green Enigineering | Biomass & Biofuels | Sustainable Development | Applications of Environmental Chemistry | Environmental Geology | Renewable Energy Sources and Storages | Pollution Control Chemistry and Green Chemistry | Environmental Hazards | Environmental Biotechnology

Chair: Yuwen Zhang, University of Missouri, USA Co-Chair: Jasim M. Salman, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq


Title: Geochemical tools help overcoming obstacles to discover 50 TCF gas in Peru – now we have big petrochemical industries José Vilca, Private University of Tacna, Peru

Title: Transport of Styrene Oligomers (SOs) derived from polystyrene plastic into ocean by precipitation in Tokyo Bay Bum Gun Kwon, Chosun College of Science and Technology, South Korea

Title: Solar Wi-Fi eco bin Dheepika Tamilselvam, Solar Outdoor Media, Germany

Title: Temperature tolerance test exposition with temperate sea anemone Actinia equina, a climatic and environmental changes simulation Juliana Rodrigues Gadelha, Universidade do Porto, Portugal

Title: Banned and restricted organic pesticides still used in farms in Northern Mindanao, Philippines Maria Luisa Baiño-Salingay, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, Netherlands

Title: Uses of cyclohexanediones for the synthesis of nitrogen and/or sulfur heterocyclic compounds together with their cytotoxic evaluations Rafat M. Mohareb, Cairo University, Egypt

Title: Role of thermodynamic properties of ionic liquids in industries to reduce pollution Vinod Kumar, Maharshi Dayanand University, India

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Geochemical tools help overcoming obstacles to discover 50 TCF gas in Peru – now we have big petrochemical industriesJosé VilcaPrivate University of Tacna, Perú

Nine out of ten shale samples from the mine geological section Paracas, Perú, Ambo Geological Formation, Paleozoic; analyzed (1983) at the BGR Hannover, Germany, yields high content of hydrocarbons (HC) type natural gas (methane/

ethane range) condensates from gas. Nowadays (2018), we have to start 50 trillion cubic feet gas and large centers of the worldwide petrochemical industry are being developed in Peru, thanks to the tools of organic and isotopic geochemistry. This gas discovered in Paleozoic rocks broke with the international concept, that the Paleozoic mother rocks was burned and could not be transformed into HC and to open the doors to the exploration of rocks much older than those of the Paleozoic. If it had not been for the audacity to take the samples from Peru to Germany and the support of the German Scientists of the BGR, we would not now have large sources of energy and inputs for other industries and we would not be exploring in Proterozoic rocks.

BiographyJose Cipriano Vilca Valdivia has completed his Doctorate at the Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain and his Postdoctoral studies at the BGR, Hannover, Germany.

[email protected]

José Vilca, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011


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Transport of Styrene Oligomers (SOs) derived from polystyrene plastic into ocean by precipitation in Tokyo BayBum Gun Kwon1 and Katsuhiko Saido2

1Chosun College of Science and Technology, South Korea2Nihon University - College of Industrial Technology, Japan

Plastic pollution is considered one of today’s main environmental problem and pollutants in natural environments. Polystyrene (PS), one of the representative plastics, is an environmental concern. However, an assessment of the transport

of styrene oligomers (SOs) from land to ocean has yet to be performed. Here, we show that anthropogenic SOs, an indicator of PS contamination in the environment, can migrate from land to sea by runoff and weather events such as rain and typhoon. All samples of sand and seawater taken from the coastline of the Tokyo Bay were found to contain SOs such as styrene monomer (SM), styrene dimers (SD), and styrene trimer (ST), in which these concentration distribution was in the order of ST>SD>SM. In particular, the pollution of SOs along the Tokyo Bay was relatively severer than those in other regions. The Tokyo Bay seems be considered as transporting high SOs through weather events, i.e., rain and runoff, which can reflect a heavily populated area and various land-based SOs sources connected with estuary. These findings are of interest from both the extent of PS plastic pollution and the transportation of SOs. Our results suggest that SOs pollutants are originating from the land-based sources to be present in the ocean, and along coasts from the land.

BiographyBum Gun Kwon has completed his PhD from Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) and Postdoctoral studies from Seoul National University. He is the Assistant Professor of Chosun College of Science and Technology. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a reviewer of repute.

[email protected]

Bum Gun Kwon et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011



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Solar Wi-Fi Eco BinDheepika Tamilselvam and Luciano Guido Solar Outdoor Media, Germany

Though there are many awareness and promotions on recycling units, there’s still a void in the market place for attractive, sanitary and safe recycling and refuse centers. Today people need sustainability in every product, we at Solar Outdoor

Media UG made a green initiation to promote recycling and a healthy community connection with cities and their people in an eco-friendly way. Solar Wi-Fi Eco Bin is a recycling and refuse center that measures approximately 4’ by 6’ and it features a solar powered advertising media space on all four sides of the BIN, making it so appealing to companies and entities that employ them. The solar panel on top powers internal batteries which automatically illuminate all the side panels in the night, makes the Solar Wi-Fi Eco Bin a lucrative opportunity. It also enabled with a built-in Wi-Fi extender that creates an internet hotspot for consumers, and 4 USB ports for mobile devices. Solar Wi-Fi Eco Bin is a smart, eco-friendly and economical product which creates a recycling center that gives the consumers/customers mobile charging and Wi-Fi, and allows the operator to make money. It’s an appealing product for municipalities, hospitals, educational facilities, public recreation areas, sports arenas and entertainment venues. We are also planning to connect this system on grid (Hybrid System) i.e. once the battery is fully charged excess solar power not required can be exported to the grid via meter. When the solar system is not in use, and if the battery is drained then it start drawing power from the grid. Hybrid systems are also able to charge the batteries using cheap off-peak electricity (usually after midnight to 6 am). Thus makes our Solar Wi-Fi Eco Bin more green and sustainable.

Figure: Solar Wi-Fi ECO-BIN

Recent Publications1. Guy Thomas Strempack; Goran Dragonslavic, Combined trash and recyclables bin with solar powered led illuminated

display panels, Patent No. US D640, 027S, United States Design Patent, June 2011.2. Luciano Guido, Solar Wi-Fi ECO-BIN, Listed as one of the 1000 solutions to make difference in solar impulse

foundation, https://solarimpulse.com/companies/solaroutdoormedia-com, 2017.

BiographyDheepika Tamilselvam is a Project Engineer at Solar Outdoor Media UG with an experience in renewable energy projects, mechanical engineering, solar thermal energy and storage system.

Luciano Guido is the Founder and CEO of Solar Outdoor Media UG. He has over 15 years of experience in renewable energy and private investment banking experience, equipped with a strong leadership background in building advisory, substantial experience in advising clients on mergers and acquisitions, corporate restructuring and other strategic business initiatives. He is a Strategic Planner and guides clients in their business development.

[email protected]@solaroutdoormedia.com

Dheepika Tamilselvam et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

https://solarimpulse.com/companies/solaroutdoormedia-com



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Temperature tolerance test exposition with temperate sea anemone Actinia equina, a climatic and environmental changes simulationJuliana Rodrigues Gadelha1, Jesus F2, Gomes P B3, Rendón Von Osten J4, Morgado F2 and Soares A M V M1

1CIIMAR - Universidade do Porto, Portugal2CESAM - Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal3Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brasil4Instituto EPOMEX - Universidad Autonoma de Campeche, Mexico

Atlantic and Mediterranean warming-related diseases outbreaks and species shifts recently have been documented. Evaluated tools of short-term effects on the health or organisms resistance are necessary to assess and understand mechanisms

affecting marine biodiversity. Until now, climate warming has been studied at the population or community level. Here we offer a better understanding of such phenomena at the individual organism level, using anatomic-morphological approaches to interpret effects of natural physical stressors, according to behavioral patterns. The goal of this work was to evaluate the sea anemones behavior with temperature variance. This study takes a method of behavioral observations (morphological and anatomic parameters, with physiological implications) to identify changes in behavior, after exposure to the physical stressors temperature (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) on temperate sea anemone Actinia equina over 96 h of exposure. Other endpoints as condition index and reproduction also assessed. Behavioral patterns analysis placed the differentially ecological functions in a wide range of categories including tentacle flexion, tentacle retraction, column cavitation, peristome depression and oral disc flexion. These parameters suggest that the early stress response (before result on individual death) to elevated temperature involves essentially all aspects of same chemical reactions. In this case we observed receptors functioning and the frequency of open-close oral sea anemones, tentacles and columns anatomic alterations to detect earlier the effects of physical stress induction. The superiority of results tested was that the key species reacted to different temperature ranges in order to demonstrate that species from different climatic zones could have the same behavioral pattern but have intrinsic adaptations on each climatic zone. Also some collections of parameters such as: water nutrients availability, reproductions rate (number of polyps), survival (condition index) and temperature variations were significant on behavioral answers.

BiographyJuliana Rodrigues Gadelha has completed her PhD on Marine Biology/Ecotoxicology in 2015, from Universidade de Aveiro. Currently, she is a Doctoral research integrate at CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research), working in an emblematic Project funded by Horizon 2020, called INSEAFOOD: Innovation and valorization of seafood products: meeting local challenges and opportunities. She has published 13 papers in reputed journals and participated on 13 projects, national and international, more than 40 conferences communications and published one book in 2007. On the last decade, she works on environmental risk assessment and applications of biological concepts to biotechnology and environmental safety.

[email protected]

Juliana Rodrigues Gadelha et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011



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Banned and restricted organic pesticides still used in farms in Northern Mindanao, PhilippinesMaria Luisa Baiño-Salingay1, 2, 3, Oliva Canencia3, Jeroen Rijke1, 4, Assela Pathirana1 and Chris Zevenbergen1

1IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, Netherlands2Technical University of Delft, Netherlands3University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Philippines4Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands

This study assessed pesticide contaminations using passive samplers in two river systems in Northern Mindanao, Philippines. The two river systems are downstream of Mt. Kitanglad watershed (~3000 m elevation). The river water transverse along

farms and plantations are mostly utilized by agro-industrial productions. The agricultural surface runoffs then drain towards the Cagayan de Oro River. Study was conducted last August to September 2017, almost two months after the rainy season starts. Analytical instruments used were HPLC and GC-MS MS. Results showed low concentrations of banned pesticides in these two river systems. These concentrations maybe considered insignificant to some, as income from agribusiness is considered more important. But it is worth looking into. It is necessary to educate and make the farmers aware that these organic pesticides were banned for almost two decades. These were banned because these were proven to persist, bio-accumulate and have adverse effect to human and the environment. The government should look into the ethical issues of using banned pesticides. Is using these banned organic pesticides worth the risk to human health and environmental degradation? It should be noted that agriculture contributed to 9.5% of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as compared to other sectors, service (57%) and industry (33.5%). It is recommended to conduct further study on pesticide assessment during or right after the dry season as this is the time farmers apply pesticides. Responsible government agencies should monitor pesticides application in farms and residues in agricultural surface run off. It is highly recommended to strictly implement existing environmental laws and policies.

Figure : Framework of the study.

Recent Publications1. Salingay M L B, Pathirana A, Rijke J, Steen P van der, Zevenbergen C, Nguyen Q and Vinh K Q (2017) Water quality assessment

in selected surface waters in Can-Tho City, Vietnam. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12(18):4555-4561.2. Salingay M L B, Pathirana A, Rijke J, Steen P van der, Zevenbergen C, Nguyen Q and Vinh K Q (2017) Microbiological

assessment of surface waters and health awareness of four vulnerable communities in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 12(10):2644-2650.

3. Nguyen H Q, Radhakrishnan M, Huynh T T N, Baino Salingay M L, Ho L P, Steen P V and Pathirana A (2017) Water quality dynamics of urban water bodies during flooding in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Water 9(4):260.

BiographyMaria Luisa Baiño-Salingay is a Filipino PhD Research Fellow of IHE Delft, Institute for Water Education and Technical University of Delft (TU Delft) in Delft, The Netherlands. Her PhD studies are funded by Netherlands Fellowship Programme (NFP) and Schlumberger Foundation Faculty for the Future. She is an Associate Professor II in Chemistry in University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines. She obtained BS Chemistry degree in Xavier University, Ateneo de Cagayan as University Academic Scholar and Pilipinas KAO (Kao Global Chemicals, Japan). She is Registered/licensed Chemist and a trained Chemical Safety and Security Officer of the US Department of State. She earned her MS Physical Sciences major in Chemistry, minor in Physics at USTP. She also earned MSc Water Management, specialize in Water Quality at UNESCO-IHE, The Netherlands, funded academically by NFP and research by PRoACC2.

[email protected]

Maria Luisa Baiño-Salingay et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011


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Uses of cyclohexanediones for the synthesis of nitrogen and/or sulfur heterocyclic compounds together with their cytotoxic evaluationsRafat M Mohareb1 and Thomas M Klapötke2

1Cairo University, Egypt2Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany

In organic chemistry, due to their many applications, derivatives of thiophene stand out among biomolecules used in trials to determine biological activity. They are present in natural products and are frequently incorporated into agrochemicals,

dyes, and drugs in general. Various thiophene derivatives are produced by molecular modifications through varied synthesis routes that result in increases in specificity and thus safety profiles. Within the thiophenic family, the 2-amino-thiophenes have been well reported. In new drugs investigations they occupy a special position due to innovations in their synthesis (Gewald reaction), availability, stability, and structural simplicity that allow them to be important scaffolds in chemical and therapeutic products; like the top selling drugs olanzapine and tinoridine. In addition, they present a large spectrum of biological properties that include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory antioxidant and antiplatelet activities. In the present work we demonstrated the uses of cyclohexane-1,3-dione and cyclohexane-1,4-dione for the synthesis of thiophene, pyrazole and pyran derivatives.

BiographyRafat M Mohareb is a Professor of Organic Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Giza, Egypt since 1994 till now. He got his PhD in Organic Chemistry on 1984, Cairo. He has worked as Visiting Professor at UC Berkeley University State of California USA from 1999-2002 and Visiting Professor at Kuwait University 1995-1996. He was a Humboldt fellow in Germany in 1988, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1998, 2003, 2006 and 2009-2012, 2013-2016. He received the price of encouragement of research work from Egypt 1995. He published more than 170 scientific publications in international journals. He has supervised more than 30 PhD and 60 MSc Theses.

[email protected]

Rafat M Mohareb et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011



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Role of thermodynamic properties of ionic liquids in industries to reduce pollutionVinod KumarMaharshi Dayanand University, India

Statement of the Problem: In the era of rapidly changing global environment, research attempts have been made to replace fossil fuels for the control of greenhouse gases emissions and environmental pollution. Ionic liquids (ILs) have received widespread attention as an eco-friendly reaction medium for various processes involved in industries. Due to their unique properties (negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability, excellent solubility, non-volatility, reusability, high thermal and electrochemical stability), ILs can be considered as safer and more sustainable alternative to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in

industries. Experimental density, speeds of sound and their derived properties, excess molar volumes, VE ESκ data of ILs and

their mixtures with organic solvents may be of great importance in mass and heat transfer processes of working fluids and thus can be utilized for designing and engineering of such processes.

Methodology and Theoretical Orientation: The densities, ρijk and speeds of sound, uijk data of ternary {1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (i) +1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (j) + cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone (k) mixtures have been measured at 293.15 K and 298.15 K using a digital densimeter and speed of sound analyser. The observed ρijk and uijk data have been employed to determine (VE )ijk and E

S ijk( )κ respectively. The (VE )ijk and E

S ijk( )κ data have been fitted to Redlich-Kister equation to see whether the observed data is of required accuracy to be utilized in various industrial processes or not ? The topology of the constituent molecules has been utilized (Graph theory) to obtain information about the state of the components in pure state and also regarding the various processes involved in the mixture formation.

Conclusion and Significance: The (VE )ijk and ES ijk( )κ data predicted by Graph theory compare well with their experimental

data. Further the measured data are of required accuracy and can be utilized for designing various processes involving fluid in industries.

Recent Publications1. Gupta H, Malik S and Sharma V K (2017) Excess molar volumes and excess isentropic compressibilities of ternary

mixtures containing ionic liquids and cyclic alkanone. J. Chem. Thermodyn. DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2017.04.0132. Sharma V K and Kataria J (2015) Thermodynamic properties of ternary mixtures containing 1-ethyl-3-

methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate with cyclic amides and cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K. J. Chem. Thermodyn. DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2015.02.018.

3. Yin Y, Fu T, Zhu C and Ma Y J (2017) Volumetric and viscometric study and FT-IR analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, methyldiethanolamine and water. J. Mol. Liqs. DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.088.

4. Anwar N Riyazuddeen (2017) Effect of composition and temperature variations on thermophysical properties of binary and ternary mixtures of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate with 1-butanol and/or methanol. Fluid Phase Equilib. DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2017.01.019.

5. Rafiee H R (2015) Volumetric properties for binary and ternary mixtures of allyl alcohol, 1,3-dichloro-2- propanol and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium ethyl sulfate [Emim][EtSO4] from T = 298.15 to 318.15 K at ambient pressure. Thermochim Acta. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2015.04.027.

Vinod Kumar, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

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BiographyVinod Kumar did his MSc from MD University, Rohtak (India) in the year 1979 with specialization in Physical Chemistry. He did his PhD from the same university in the year 1983. He joined the Department of Chemistry, MD University, Rohtak as Senior Lecturer in 1989 from where he elevated to the post of Professor in 2005. At present he is Dean of Physical Sciences. He has published 140 research papers in journals of international repute. Vinod Kumar has expertise in thermodynamics of liquid mixtures and has developed graph theory to determine thermodynamic properties of liquid mixtures (components being organic solvents, ionic liquids, surfactants, diesel, and bio-fuels). He has attended about 40 national/international conferences and supervised 18 PhD students.

[email protected]


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Sessions

Biomass & Biofuels | Applications of Environmental Chemistry | Environmental Geology | Renewable Energy Sources and Storages | Pollution Control Chemistry and Green Chemistry | Environmental Hazards | Environmental Biotechnology

Chair: Yuwen Zhang, University of Missouri, USA Co-Chair: Jasim M. Salman, Al-Nisour University College, Iraq


Title: Microwave assisted synthesis of novel dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 3,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives incorporating Schiff base moiety as potential anticancer agents Ahmed Younis, National Research Centre, Egypt

Title: Comparative study of biodiesel production from indigenous resources of Pakistan Samo Saleem Raza, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

Title: An advanced oxidation process based on Fenton reactions for reduction of environmental impact of leather tanning effluents as an efficient method for wastewater treatment El-Shahat H A Nashy, National Research Centre, Egypt

Title: Urban geochemistry of African megacities Theophilus Clavell Davies, University of Nigeria, Nigeria

Title: Development of an experimental model for assessing CO2 working capacity of the combined cycle power plant on mesoporous graphene oxide-TiO2 nanocomposite Alireza Noorpoor, University of Tehran, Iran

Title: The emergence of environmental chemistry in modern era and its effect Yakubu Muntaka Musah, University of Professional Studies, Ghana


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Microwave assisted synthesis of novel dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 3,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives incorporating Schiff base moiety as potential anticancer agentsAhmed Younis1, Ali M Hassan2, Mohamed F Mady1, 3 and Mahmoud Fayad2

1National Research Centre, Egypt2Al-Azhar University, Egypt3University of Stavanger, Norway

The present work was devoted to be used as an efficient green technique for synthesis of novel, dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3, 5), [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (7) and 3,4-dihydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (9) derivatives

incorporating Schiff base moiety. The reactions of chalcone 1 with different heterocyclic amines were achieved under solvent-less conditions using microwave irradiation and/or under classical reflux condition. In general, microwave irradiation offered the advantages of high yields, short reaction times, and simplicity compared to the conventional methods. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectral data. Some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against HepG-2 and showed significant antitumor activities.

Figure : Schematic diagram for the reactions of chalcone 1 with different heterocyclic amines

Recent Publications1. Ahmed Younis, Usama Fathy, A Atef El-Kateb and Hanem M Awad (2016) Ultrasonic assisted synthesis of novel

anticancer chalcones using water as green solvent. Der Pharma Chemica 8(17):129-136.2. Ahmed Younis, Ali M Hassan, Mohamed F Mady, El-Haddad A F, Yassin F A and Mahmoud Fayad (2017) Microwave-

assisted one-pot synthesis of novel polyarylpyrrole derivatives of expected anticancer activity. Der Pharma Chemica 9(3):33-44.

3. Dimmock J R, Elias D W, Beazely M A, Kandepu N M (1999) Bioactivities of chalcones. Curr. Med. Chem. 6:1125-1149.

BiographyAhmed Younis has completed his PhD from Alazhar University. He has supervised PhD thesis and has published more than 6 papers in reputed journals and has been contributed in more than one project in green chemistry field.

[email protected]

Ahmed Younis et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011



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An advanced oxidation process based on Fenton reactions for reduction of environmental impact of leather tanning effluents as an efficient method for wastewater treatmentEl-Shahat H A Nashy and M A El-KhateebNational Research Centre, Egypt

In the last few decades, humankind is facing water pollution and its scarcity. In this regards, great attention is being given to the removal of organic pollutants from wastewater by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that are based on generation of

highly reactive species, especially hydroxyl radicals. Fenton processes are attractive alternatives in effluent treatment, especially when applied to recalcitrant compounds. Leather tannery wastewater treatment represents a difficult technological problem. Unfortunately, it is one of the most serious industries which generates large amounts of hazardous wastes and is a source of severe environmental impacts as well as health risks. In particular, the dehairing stage generates an alkaline wastewater (high pH) with high concentrations of organic matter, sulphides, suspended solids, and salts, which shows significant toxicity. Also, chrome has well known adverse effects because it is highly toxic, highly persistent in the environment and not biodegradable. Conventional treatment methods of this effluent are inefficient to meet the required limits. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency Fenton's reaction as an advanced oxidation for the treatment of lime/de-hair and chrome effluents, investigating the reduction of COD, ammoniac nitrogen and chromium concentrations as well as toxicity in treated wastewaters. The different operational conditions as variable doses of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron sulfate (Fe2+), pH, time and different mass ratios of Fe2+/H2O2 were investigated to determine the optimum operating conditions for the elimination of chrome, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), sulfide, total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total suspended solids (TSS) and oil & grease. The experimental results show that COD, sulphide and oil-grease was removed effectively and the treated effluent has a good quality. Residual concentrations of COD, BOD, TSS and chrome were 974, 533, 19 and 485 mg/l, respectively. The sulfides concentration was highly reduced from 3695 to 1.4 mg/l. The overall COD, sulphide, oil-grease and chrome removal efficiencies reached 82%, 90%, 96% and 95% respectively. The treated effluent could meet the national regulatory standard for discharge into the sewerage systems with respect to the studied parameters.

Figure : Schematic diagram illustrate the inputs and outputs as well as environmental impact associated with tanning process

Recent Publications1. M A El-Khateeb, El-Shahat H A Nashy, N A Abdel Ghany and Ahmed M Awad (2017) Environmental impact

elimination of chrome tanning effluent using electrocoagulation process assisted by chemical oxidation. Desalination and Water Treatment 65:147–152.

2. El-Shahat H A Nashy and M A El-Khateeb (2015) Agro-substances and non-agro-substances as efficient and cost-effective materials for wastewater treatment. Desalination and Water Treatment. 54(9):2357-2363.

El-Shahat H A Nashy et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

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3. Morera J M, Bacardit A, Ollé L, Bartolí E and Borràs M D (2007) Minimization of the environmental impact of chrome tanning: a new process with high chrome exhaustion. Chemosphere 69(11):1728-33.

4. Swarna V K, Venba R, Madhan B, Chandrababu N K and Sadulla S (2009) Cleaner tanning practices for tannery pollution abatement: Role of enzymes in eco-friendly vegetable tanning. J. Cleaner Production 17(5):507-515.

5. Regina C C Costa, Flàva C C Moura, Patricia E F Oliveira, Fabiano Magalhães and Jose D Ardisson (2010) Controlled reduction of red mud waste to produce active systems for environmental applications: heterogeneous Fenton reaction and reduction of Cr(VI). Chemosphere 78:1116-1120.

BiographyEl-Shahat H A Nashy is a Professor in the Chemical Industries Research Division, Department of Chemistry of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology. His general specialization is in natural sciences and he is specialized in chemical sciences. He has experience in the wastewater treatment and its evaluation according to environment required limits. Also, his other works are in interest of chemistry of tanning materials and leather applications.

[email protected]


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Video PresentationDay 2


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Development of green technologies and complex analysis of the green and blue roof systemsNatalia Shushunova and Elena Korol Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Russia

This study has the purpose to offer the most effective technology with the smart-energy devices that connected challenges hindering sustainable development for both urban environment and infrastructure for the economic growth. Total reduction of greenhouse

gas emissions by 52.3 million tons eq. CO2 by 2020 characterizes the increase in the level of environmental safety of the urban environment. The aim of this research is to analyze the systems of green roofing, the study of technical and technological parameters, as well as the design of green roof systems. In the study, problems in the design of green roofs are solved, taking into account the operational loads from the roofing pie systems, as well as the influence of climatic conditions in the construction. For comparison, various versions of green roofs were chosen, including the innovative modular green roof construction system with the integration of renewable energy sources for favorable environmental protection. The representative facilities for research and evaluation of the efficiency of technological parameters for the period of green roof installation is balanced by the comparability of such technical and economic indicators as the construction volume, the area of the constructed facilities, the duration of construction, including the operating time of machines and mechanisms, labor intensity and energy consumption of technological processes, which is carried out according to the technologies considered. The technical result of the proposed innovative solution of green and blue roofing system is the reduction of labor input of up to 20%, the possibility of placing with interconnecting hi-tech devices that accumulate and convert energy-solar panels, micro-wind turbines, elements of water irrigation control-hydroponics and the design provides a system of vertical landscaping, which allows the use of variety of modules for the installation of green and blue vertical covering systems on buildings.

Green and blue roof systems

The invention is to be solved various problems of planting roof covering by making inexpensive, easier and waste-free assembling. The unique green and blue roof system with an unusual combination of architectural and aesthetic design solutions gives a beautiful appearance in the urban space.

Recent Publications1. Elena Korol and Natalia Shushunova (2016) Benefits of a modular green roof technology. Procedia Engineering 161:1820-1826.2. Elena Korol and Natalia Shushunova (2016) Research and development for the international standardization of green roof

systems. Procedia Engineering 153:287-291. 3. Valery Telichenko, Andrey Benuzh, Guy Eames, Ekaterina Orenburova and Natalia Shushunova (2016) Development of green

standards for construction in Russia. Procedia Engineering 153:726-730.

Natalia Shushunova et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

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BiographyShushunova Natalia is a Post-graduate student of Department of Housing and Communal Utility; Research Scientist of National Standards of Green Construction Laboratory and; Assistant of the Department of Environmental Engineering of National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. She had been awarded the medal “For merits in construction science and education“, III degree, holdered of a scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation. She has the first national patent of invention in the field of green roof technologies and the multiplicity publications in the International scientific journals, she is active in high-tech educational platform for scientists in Skolkovo as a member of the delegation of the Ministry of Education and Science. Research interests are focused on green building technologies and innovative engineering systems, the work of certification projects in Laboratory of National Standards of Green Construction, MSUCE - development of the Russian standard GOST “Green roofs“, Green standards for Rosnano, and other projects.The main areas of scientific activity are the green construction and green roof technologies with energy-efficiency devices.

Elena Korol - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, RAASN Correspondent, Head of the Department of Housing and Utility Complex of National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. The main areas of scientific activity are the construction and construction technologies for the construction of buildings and structures, including the development of underground space, taking into account the requirements of energy minimization and the formation of a comfortable living environment. Author and co-author of more than 150 scientific and methodical works, including 9 monographs, 3 manuals and a textbook. Scientific projects have been successfully implemented within the framework of federal targeted programs: Research and Development in Priority Areas for the Development of Science and Technology, Development of the Scientific Potential of Higher Education, Scientific and Scientific Pedagogical Cadres of Innovative Russia, and others. Awards: an honorary diploma of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, a RAASN medal for a series of monographs on building technologies for the development of underground space.

[email protected]@northwell.edu



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Day 2Young Researchers Forum


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Miglė Šantaraitė, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Simultaneous oil extraction and trans-esterification of high acidity rapeseed oilMiglė ŠantaraitėAleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania

Simultaneous extraction and trans-esterification of high-acidity (3 mgKOH/g) rapeseed oil, using a mineral diesel (as an extraction solvent) and methanol mixture, have been investigated aiming to obtain a mixture of mineral diesel and biodiesel

fuel which can currently be used as fuel. Mineral diesel and rapeseed oil ratio in mixture was 9:1 (w/w). Effectiveness of different biocatalysts-lipases (Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM, Novozyme 435, Lipozyme 435, Lipolase 100 L, Lecitase Ultra, Resinase A 2X, Palatase 20000 L, Lipozyme CALB, Liopozyme TL 100 L, Lipex 100L), suitable for in-situ processes, were studied and the most effective was selected. The conversion of rapeseed oil to biodiesel fuel was evaluated in the presence of a lipase from Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus). We aimed to extract the maximum amount of rapeseed oil, as well as to fully convert the oil to methyl esters. At the optimal conditions the 99.9% of the rapeseed oil was extracted from rapeseed. The maximum methyl esters yield was 98.99% (degree of trans-esterification more than 96.5%) after 5 h of reaction. The quantities of monoglycerides (0.38%), diglycerides (0.06%) and triglycerides (0.00%) remaining in the product comply with the requirements of standard for biodiesel fuel. It was found that the optimum conditions for simultaneous oil extraction and trans-esterification using methanol and lipase-Lipozyme TL IM were the following: molar ratio of methanol to oil-5:1, amount of lipase preparation Lipozyme TL IM-7%, duration of reaction-5h, temperature-23±2°C.

Figure 1: The efficiency of lipases in the synthesis for the simultaneous process (in-situ) of oil extraction from ground oilseeds and trans-esterification. RO-rapeseed oil, RME-rapeseed methyl esters, 1-Lipozyme RM IM, 2-Lipozyme TL IM, 3-Novozym 435, 4-Lipozyme 435, 5-Lipolase 100L, 6-Lecitase Ultra,

7-Resinase A 2X, 8-Palatase 20000L, 9-Lipozyme CALB, 10-Liopozyme TL 100L, 11-Lipex 100L.

Figure 2: Dependence of the degree of transesterification on the reaction time and temperature, when molar methanol to oil ratio-5:1, lipase concentration-7%.

Recent Publications1. Hernández-Martín E and Otero C (2008) Different enzyme requirements for the synthesis of biodiesel: Novozym® 435

and Lipozyme® TL IM. Bioresource Technology 99(2):277-286.2. Sim J H, Kamaruddin A H and Subhash Bhatia S (2010) Biodiesel (FAME) productivity, catalytic efficiency and

thermal stability of lipozyme TL IM for crude palm oil trans-esterification with methanol. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 87(9):1027-1034.

3. Xu Y, Nordblad M, Nielsen P M, Brask J and Woodley J M (2011) In situ visualization and effect of glycerol in lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of rapeseed oil. Journal of Molecular Catalysis. B, Enzymatic 72(3-4):213-219.

4. Gog A, Roman M, Toşa M, Paizs C and Irimie FD (2012) Biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification-Current state and perspectives. Renewable Energy 39(1):10-16.

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5. Guldhe A, Singh B, Mutanda T, Permaul K and Bux F (2015) Advances in synthesis of biodiesel via enzyme catalysis: novel and sustainable approaches. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41:1447-1464.

BiographyMiglė Šantaraitė has completed her Master's degree in Environmental Engineering at Kaunas University of Technology in 2015. Her field of study was Renewable (Solar, Wind and Geothermal) Energy. She is a PhD student in the field of Technology Science, Environmental Engineering at Aleksandras Stulginskis University. Her field of study relates to the “Biodiesel fuel production and evaluation of physical and environmental properties of product obtained”.

[email protected]



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Alejandra Rivera et al., Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Green extraction of soluble matter from Cabuya by pulsed electric fieldsAlejandra Rivera, V. E. Sánchez M., M. Pozo, E. Vera and L. I. Jaramillo Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador

Cabuya (Agave Americana) is an Andean native plant which has not been much studied, although it has valuable compounds such as inulin, saponins, steroids, terpenes and tannins. Inulin is a storage carbohydrate which belongs to fructans. Due to

health benefits, inulin has become widely used in the food industry. Commonly, inulin is extracted using conventional thermal method (CTM) which requires high temperature (70–80ºC) and extraction time of 1.5-2 h. Novel extraction methods have attracted attention, because they are less energy consuming and more efficient. A remarkable method is pulsed electric fields (PEF), a pretreatment which reduces considerably extraction time and temperatures (20–40ºC), becoming a green process that fits with the sixth principle of green chemistry. This work aimed to extract soluble matter from Ecuadorian cabuya meristem using PEF at several operating conditions. Cabuya meristem was sliced into pieces of 20 x 20 x 3 mm; then two parallel samples were prepared, one with PEF pretreatment and the other without PEF. Immediately, both samples were subjected to extraction by stirring in water. Finally, PEF and CTM extraction times and energy consumption were compared. The results showed that the best PEF pretreatment conditions were 2 cm of electrodes distance, 20% of pulse width, 1 kHz of frequency and an electric field of 2 500 V/cm. When PEF was applied at the best conditions during 1 s at 30ºC, pretreated samples raised the same soluble matter yield than non-pretreated, spending less time and energy. Extraction time reduced from 50 to 20 minutes by applying PEF, and the energy required by PEF extraction method represented 40% of the consumed energy by CTM. Thus, PEF technique has a significant effect on the extraction process efficiency, showing to be promising as green technology to chemical industry process.

Figure: Inulin extraction process by pulsed electric fields

Recent Publications1. Anastas P and Eghbali N (2010) Green chemistry: principles and practice. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39(1):301-312. 2. Zhu Z, Bals O, Grimi N and Vorobiev E (2012) Pilot scale inulin extraction from chicory roots assisted by pulsed

electric fields 47(7):1361-1368. 3. Zhu Z, He J, Liu G, Barba F J, Koubaa M, Ding L Vorobiev, et al. (2016) Recent insights for the green recovery of inulin

from plant food materials using non-conventional extraction technologies : A review. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 33:1-9.

4. Loginova K V, Shynkaryk M V, Lebovka N I and Vorobiev E (2010) Acceleration of soluble matter extraction from chicory with pulsed electric fields. Journal of Food Engineering, 96(3):374-379.

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5. Mensink M A, Frijlink H W, Maarschalk K V D V and Hinrichs W J (2015) Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide I: review of its physicochemical characteristics. Carbohydrate Polymers 130:405-19.

BiographyAlejandra Rivera is doing her final work in order to obtain her bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador. She is working as a Research Assistant on the project PIJ 15-16 “Study of the extraction process and characterization of inulin from Ecuadorian tubers by conventional and non-conventional methods” directed by Lorena Jaramillo.

[email protected]



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Reda Mažeikienė, Trends in Green chem 2018, Volume 4DOI: 10.21767/2471-9889-C2-011

Reduction of ammonia emissions from livestock manure in intensive bovine holdings using bio preparationsReda MažeikienėAleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania

Considerable intensification of livestock production leads to the increased concentration of emissions at the sites of livestock farming. High amounts of emissions containing air pollutants such as ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide, mercaptans,

etc., not only are known to cause animal diseases but also lead to health disorders of operators and other persons residing in the surrounding areas as well as present a threat to the surrounding environment. Environmental issues at the sites of intensive livestock farming are becoming increasingly important. Recently, farms have been significantly increasing in size, and automated, open and naturally ventilated dairy barns have gained popularity despite the fact that they are characterized by many factors that lead to increased NH3 emissions. Among other these might include high temperatures in barns, high amounts of liquid manure are accumulated, animals are kept inside the barn all year round, etc. Most of the European countries (where the numbers of animals are not decreasing) are not fulfilling their international obligations to reduce NH3 emissions. Ammonia emissions are becoming a significant issue at the international level, meanwhile cattle production accounts for more than 90% of total NH3 emission. After laboratory testing, the laboratory determined the effect of the biopreparation on the ammonia evaporation process from manure. When the biopreparator is added to the manure, the emission of ammonia from it slows down. Depending on the composition of the manure, the temperature environment, the duration of exposure to the biopreparat, the emission is reduced to 22%. The greatest effect is observed at 6 to 14 days, after 30 days of use, the effect is significantly reduced. The effect of the biopreparat on the ammonia evaporation is higher with more intense ammonia emissions, i.e., when the manure is fresh, there is no crust on the surface, the airflow over the manure is intense and the large gradient of the ammonia concentration on the manure surface. It is recommended that the biopreparat can be used to reduce ammonia emissions in cowsheds where liquid manure is accumulated. Its use is in line with the tendencies of modernization of cowsheds to install cranberries, liquid manure technologies. The effect of the biopreparatum will be greater during the warm period.

Figure: The schematic view of ammonia emission from manure inside the wind tunnel: 1-housing of a wind tunnel; 2- cover; 3-“a drawer” for manure storage; 4-a section for manure storage; 5-transition cone; 6-a duct; 7-air sampling probe; 8-sensors of temperature and moisture content; 9-sensor of thermal wind speed

indicator; 10-a valve; 11-a ventilator with a frequency inverter; 12-a measuring and data storage instrument ‘Almemo 2590-9’; 13-PC; 14-a wind speed indicator ‘OMEGAFLO HH-F615M’; 15-a heated air intake hose; 16-laser gas analyser ‘GME700’; 17-electrically heated three-way valves; 18-a membranous air pump

Recent Publications1. Aguerre M J, Wattiaux M A and Powell J M (2012) Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide

during storage of dairy cow manure as affected by dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio and crust formation. J. Dairy Sci. 95(12):7409-7416.

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2. Bjerg B, Cascone G, Lee I B, Bartzanas T, Norton T, Hong S W, Seo I H, Banhazi T, Liberati P, Marucci A and Zhang G (2013) Modelling of ammonia emissions from naturally ventilated livestock buildings. Biosystems Engineering 116(3):259-275.

3. Bagdonienė I and Bleizgys R (2014) Ammonia emissions from dairy cattle manure under variable ventilation rates. Annals of animal science 14(1):141-151.

4. Bleizgys R and Bagdoniene I (2016) Control of ammonia air pollution through the management of thermal processes in cowsheds. Science of the total environment 568:990-997.

5. Bleizgys R and Baležentienė L (2014) Assessments of biogenic gas emission procesess in cowsheds. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 23(4):1107-1114.

BiographyReda Mažeikienė is a Livestock Technologist and Biomedical Stirs Specialist. She has completed her Master's degree in Livestock Technology at Lithuanian Veterinary Academy in 2004. In 2016, she started her doctoral studies at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (Lithuania) in the field of Technological Sciences, Environmental Engineering and her Doctoral thesis is entitled as “Biotechnological measures for air pollution control in animal husbandry”. She has completed an internship at Hohenheim University, Germany in 2003 and an internship at Palermo University, Italy in 2018. Currently, she is working as a Project Administrator at Aleksandras Stulginskis University.

[email protected]


Documents

JOINT EVENT - iMedPub · wastewater remediation, dealing specifically with applications of electrocoagulation, electrodisinfection and UV and solar photocatalysis. [email protected]