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PhP 30

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On to Chapter 17 for Monday. Please start reading now. Work the problems folks.

Make-Up class next Saturday AM Jan 31

Hour Exam II Feb 6

Adjsuted Exam 1 Make-up Exam 1 Exam 1 Advisory GradeRaw Score% Score Raw Scor% Score Raw Scor% Score

Student ID Last Name First Name 100 100.00 100.0072840 RECASATA, FRANCIS NICCOLO 42.00 42% 0% 42.00 42% F73594 VALDES, CARLOS FRANCISCO C 59.80 60% 71.00 71% 65.40 65% D80017 ABELLO, VERONICA ANTONIA L 45.80 46% 61.00 61% 53.40 53% F80206 ANG, REGINA MAE LO 94.60 95% 0% 94.60 95% A80256 ARAYA, KIM CALLEJA 83.90 84% 0% 83.90 84% B80308 AVANCEÑA, ANTON LORENZO V 100.10 100% 0% 100.10 100% A80311 AVELINO, KATHRINE NICOLE MA 97.60 98% 0% 97.60 98% A80440 BAUTISTA, NICOLE BUENAVENT 86.90 87% 0% 86.90 87% B+80467 BENIPAYO, ALESSA MARGARITA 66.80 67% 0% 66.80 67% D80486 BIGORNIA, REGINALD ROMAN A 93.60 94% 0% 93.60 94% A80544 BUENO, PAULINE LOURDES VER 63.30 63% 0% 63.30 63% D80695 CASTRO, ARRA FRANCESCA ME 59.30 59% 57.00 57% 58.15 58% F80798 CHIU, JO ANN YUTANGCO 73.50 74% 76.00 76% 74.75 75% C+80827 CHUA, DENISE LIM 69.80 70% 0% 69.80 70% C80980 CRUZ, IA MARIE DONNA BONGO 89.90 90% 0% 89.90 90% B+80985 CRUZ, JOSEPH CARLO SABILE 85.30 85% 0% 85.30 85% B81021 CUEVAS, CHRISTELLE MAE ARB 85.10 85% 0% 85.10 85% B81053 DATU, CHELSEA KARLA DELA C 87.90 88% 0% 87.90 88% B+81107 DE JESUS, KENNETH CALUAG 59.60 60% 0% 59.60 60% D81160 DEL CASTILLO IV, VICENTE GAR 37.80 38% 66.00 66% 51.90 52% F81262 DOMINGO, ROBERT MARION EU 87.50 88% 0% 87.50 88% B+81275 DULAY, JULLIANN LEE MIRO 59.50 60% 0% 59.50 60% D81289 DUTERTE, RAY PHILIP QUEVEDO 83.60 84% 0% 83.60 84% B81303 DY, PAUL STENDAHL GOSAYCO 93.30 93% 0% 93.30 93% A81332 ENCARNACION, LISA DENISE A 61.30 61% 74.00 74% 67.65 68% C81481 FLAVIER, JOSE CARLO VILLARIN 57.60 58% 73.00 73% 65.30 65% D81577 GANA, MARY GRACE GALANG 58.10 58% 0% 58.10 58% F81596 GARCIA, JAVIER BASILIO RODR 68.80 69% 0% 68.80 69% C81615 GARCIA, YVES KRISTINE GINET 100.60 101% 0% 100.60 101% A81627 GATMAITAN, LAWRENCE STEVE 75.60 76% 0% 75.60 76% C+81753 GUBALLA, MICHAELANGELO CR 92.90 93% 0% 92.90 93% A81916 JIMENEZ, ISABELLE ALEXANDRA 42.30 42% 0% 42.30 42% F82283 LUNA, ALFONSO VICTOR RAYOS 69.40 69% 0% 69.40 69% C82365 MANAGUELOD, PHILLINE LOUIS 72.10 72% 0% 72.10 72% C82566 MILANTE, RAINIER RAÑOLA 90.00 90% 0% 90.00 90% B+82567 MILITANTE, STACEY KAYE NGO 92.90 93% 0% 92.90 93% A82605 MONZON, JAZZLYNE AHBEY LIM 78.90 79% 96.00 96% 87.45 87% B+82718 NOSCE, RAPHAEL ANTONIO GU 84.00 84% 0% 84.00 84% B82813 ORACION, VINCE ADRIAN MAGA 78.30 78% 0% 78.30 78% C+82838 OSMEÑA, KAIRA MONIQUE GAC 82.30 82% 0% 82.30 82% B82856 PACEÑO, KATHLEEN GUTIERREZ 101.00 101% 0% 101.00 101% A82867 PADAYAO, JOHN LOIS ULEP 101.40 101% 0% 101.40 101% A82935 PARUÑGO, MANUEL KARLO LOL 68.30 68% 0% 68.30 68% C82991 PESSUMAL, KEN JOURDAN VILL 79.50 80% 0% 79.50 80% C+83073 PUYAT, MARIA ELIZABETH ANGE 102.00 102% 0% 102.00 102% A83151 RECTO, ANTONIO EMMANUEL C 95.90 96% 0% 95.90 96% A83222 RIBAYA, VINCENT SEAN DOMIN 77.30 77% 0% 77.30 77% C+83229 RIVERA, GINO LOUIS REYES 100.40 100% 0% 100.40 100% A83330 SALAS, JOHN GABRIEL AMBROS 89.80 90% 0% 89.80 90% B+83345 SALITA, MARIELLA LISSE MEND 105.40 105% 0% 105.40 105% A83478 SEE, MARCO LOUIS BAUTISTA 80.40 80% 0% 80.40 80% B83503 SIATAN, JOSEPH EMMANUELLE 98.90 99% 0% 98.90 99% A83543 SO, KHALIL KARL SEMPIO 87.90 88% 0% 87.90 88% B+83549 SOLANO, FELICIA MIKAELA SAN 85.90 86% 0% 85.90 86% B83553 SOLITO, JOHN RICARDO CLARIO 78.10 78% 0% 78.10 78% C+83561 SOON, JOYCE LOUISE GELACIO 86.90 87% 0% 86.90 87% B+83562 SOPENASKY, ANGELA CAREL 40.80 41% 0% 40.80 41% F83599 SUPREMO, NOEL MICHAEL SOR 99.00 99% 0% 99.00 99% A83669 TAGUIAM, KIMBERLY SY 69.60 70% 0% 69.60 70% C83699 TAN, CARMELA MELISSA AGANA 82.80 83% 0% 82.80 83% B83736 TAN, MARIEL KRIS ONG 75.60 76% 0% 75.60 76% C+83834 TING, MARIS CORINNE VELEZ 89.60 90% 0% 89.60 90% B+83883 TORRIJOS, MIGUEL MANUEL BA 77.10 77% 0% 77.10 77% C+83930 URTULA, IÑIGO MIGUEL CRUZ 65.50 66% 0% 65.50 66% D83943 UY, CHRISTOPHER PATRICK ADA 71.60 72% 83.00 83% 77.30 77% C+83985 VALDEZ, MARIA DIVINA MAURI 67.80 68% 0% 67.80 68% C84018 VELASCO, GIANFRANCO COLOM 79.90 80% 0% 79.90 80% B84140 WONG, AUDREN ALLEN TE 96.40 96% 0% 96.40 96% A84153 YALONG, JOVITTE SUZANE GAR 95.90 96% 0% 95.90 96% A84161 YAO, JULES SENDEL PE 82.40 82% 0% 82.40 82% B84179 YAP, ULYSSES JOSEPH LAGURA 74.30 74% 0% 74.30 74% C84186 YEE, ELJOHN CHUA 105.90 106% 0% 105.90 106% A84194 YOINGCO, KATHLEEN SANTOS 90.40 90% 0% 90.40 90% B+

Adjsuted Exam 1 Make-up Exam 1 Exam 1 Advisory GradeRaw Score% Score Raw Scor% Score Raw Scor% Score

Student ID Last Name First Name 100 100.00 100.0072840 RECASATA, FRANCIS NICCOLO 42.00 42% 0% 42.00 42% F73594 VALDES, CARLOS FRANCISCO C 59.80 60% 71.00 71% 65.40 65% D80017 ABELLO, VERONICA ANTONIA L 45.80 46% 61.00 61% 53.40 53% F80206 ANG, REGINA MAE LO 94.60 95% 0% 94.60 95% A80256 ARAYA, KIM CALLEJA 83.90 84% 0% 83.90 84% B80308 AVANCEÑA, ANTON LORENZO V 100.10 100% 0% 100.10 100% A80311 AVELINO, KATHRINE NICOLE MA 97.60 98% 0% 97.60 98% A80440 BAUTISTA, NICOLE BUENAVENT 86.90 87% 0% 86.90 87% B+80467 BENIPAYO, ALESSA MARGARITA 66.80 67% 0% 66.80 67% D80486 BIGORNIA, REGINALD ROMAN A 93.60 94% 0% 93.60 94% A80544 BUENO, PAULINE LOURDES VER 63.30 63% 0% 63.30 63% D80695 CASTRO, ARRA FRANCESCA ME 59.30 59% 57.00 57% 58.15 58% F80798 CHIU, JO ANN YUTANGCO 73.50 74% 76.00 76% 74.75 75% C+80827 CHUA, DENISE LIM 69.80 70% 0% 69.80 70% C80980 CRUZ, IA MARIE DONNA BONGO 89.90 90% 0% 89.90 90% B+80985 CRUZ, JOSEPH CARLO SABILE 85.30 85% 0% 85.30 85% B81021 CUEVAS, CHRISTELLE MAE ARB 85.10 85% 0% 85.10 85% B81053 DATU, CHELSEA KARLA DELA C 87.90 88% 0% 87.90 88% B+81107 DE JESUS, KENNETH CALUAG 59.60 60% 0% 59.60 60% D81160 DEL CASTILLO IV, VICENTE GAR 37.80 38% 66.00 66% 51.90 52% F81262 DOMINGO, ROBERT MARION EU 87.50 88% 0% 87.50 88% B+81275 DULAY, JULLIANN LEE MIRO 59.50 60% 0% 59.50 60% D81289 DUTERTE, RAY PHILIP QUEVEDO 83.60 84% 0% 83.60 84% B81303 DY, PAUL STENDAHL GOSAYCO 93.30 93% 0% 93.30 93% A81332 ENCARNACION, LISA DENISE A 61.30 61% 74.00 74% 67.65 68% C81481 FLAVIER, JOSE CARLO VILLARIN 57.60 58% 73.00 73% 65.30 65% D81577 GANA, MARY GRACE GALANG 58.10 58% 0% 58.10 58% F81596 GARCIA, JAVIER BASILIO RODR 68.80 69% 0% 68.80 69% C81615 GARCIA, YVES KRISTINE GINET 100.60 101% 0% 100.60 101% A81627 GATMAITAN, LAWRENCE STEVE 75.60 76% 0% 75.60 76% C+81753 GUBALLA, MICHAELANGELO CR 92.90 93% 0% 92.90 93% A81916 JIMENEZ, ISABELLE ALEXANDRA 42.30 42% 0% 42.30 42% F82283 LUNA, ALFONSO VICTOR RAYOS 69.40 69% 0% 69.40 69% C82365 MANAGUELOD, PHILLINE LOUIS 72.10 72% 0% 72.10 72% C82566 MILANTE, RAINIER RAÑOLA 90.00 90% 0% 90.00 90% B+82567 MILITANTE, STACEY KAYE NGO 92.90 93% 0% 92.90 93% A82605 MONZON, JAZZLYNE AHBEY LIM 78.90 79% 96.00 96% 87.45 87% B+82718 NOSCE, RAPHAEL ANTONIO GU 84.00 84% 0% 84.00 84% B82813 ORACION, VINCE ADRIAN MAGA 78.30 78% 0% 78.30 78% C+82838 OSMEÑA, KAIRA MONIQUE GAC 82.30 82% 0% 82.30 82% B82856 PACEÑO, KATHLEEN GUTIERREZ 101.00 101% 0% 101.00 101% A82867 PADAYAO, JOHN LOIS ULEP 101.40 101% 0% 101.40 101% A82935 PARUÑGO, MANUEL KARLO LOL 68.30 68% 0% 68.30 68% C82991 PESSUMAL, KEN JOURDAN VILL 79.50 80% 0% 79.50 80% C+83073 PUYAT, MARIA ELIZABETH ANGE 102.00 102% 0% 102.00 102% A83151 RECTO, ANTONIO EMMANUEL C 95.90 96% 0% 95.90 96% A83222 RIBAYA, VINCENT SEAN DOMIN 77.30 77% 0% 77.30 77% C+83229 RIVERA, GINO LOUIS REYES 100.40 100% 0% 100.40 100% A83330 SALAS, JOHN GABRIEL AMBROS 89.80 90% 0% 89.80 90% B+83345 SALITA, MARIELLA LISSE MEND 105.40 105% 0% 105.40 105% A83478 SEE, MARCO LOUIS BAUTISTA 80.40 80% 0% 80.40 80% B83503 SIATAN, JOSEPH EMMANUELLE 98.90 99% 0% 98.90 99% A83543 SO, KHALIL KARL SEMPIO 87.90 88% 0% 87.90 88% B+83549 SOLANO, FELICIA MIKAELA SAN 85.90 86% 0% 85.90 86% B83553 SOLITO, JOHN RICARDO CLARIO 78.10 78% 0% 78.10 78% C+83561 SOON, JOYCE LOUISE GELACIO 86.90 87% 0% 86.90 87% B+83562 SOPENASKY, ANGELA CAREL 40.80 41% 0% 40.80 41% F83599 SUPREMO, NOEL MICHAEL SOR 99.00 99% 0% 99.00 99% A83669 TAGUIAM, KIMBERLY SY 69.60 70% 0% 69.60 70% C83699 TAN, CARMELA MELISSA AGANA 82.80 83% 0% 82.80 83% B83736 TAN, MARIEL KRIS ONG 75.60 76% 0% 75.60 76% C+83834 TING, MARIS CORINNE VELEZ 89.60 90% 0% 89.60 90% B+83883 TORRIJOS, MIGUEL MANUEL BA 77.10 77% 0% 77.10 77% C+83930 URTULA, IÑIGO MIGUEL CRUZ 65.50 66% 0% 65.50 66% D83943 UY, CHRISTOPHER PATRICK ADA 71.60 72% 83.00 83% 77.30 77% C+83985 VALDEZ, MARIA DIVINA MAURI 67.80 68% 0% 67.80 68% C84018 VELASCO, GIANFRANCO COLOM 79.90 80% 0% 79.90 80% B84140 WONG, AUDREN ALLEN TE 96.40 96% 0% 96.40 96% A84153 YALONG, JOVITTE SUZANE GAR 95.90 96% 0% 95.90 96% A84161 YAO, JULES SENDEL PE 82.40 82% 0% 82.40 82% B84179 YAP, ULYSSES JOSEPH LAGURA 74.30 74% 0% 74.30 74% C84186 YEE, ELJOHN CHUA 105.90 106% 0% 105.90 106% A84194 YOINGCO, KATHLEEN SANTOS 90.40 90% 0% 90.40 90% B+

The following elementary steps are proposed as the mechanism of an overall reaction:

(1) NO2Cl(g) NO2(g) + Cl (g)(2) NO2Cl(g) + Cl (g) NO2(g) + Cl2(g)

(a) Write the overall balanced equation.(b) Determine the molecularity of each step.(c) Is there an intermediate?(d) What is the rate law for each step?(e) If the experimental rate law is found to be 1st order which reaction is rate-limiting?

SOLUTION:

The following elementary steps are proposed as the mechanism of an overall reaction:

(1) NO2Cl(g) NO2(g) + Cl (g)(2) NO2Cl(g) + Cl (g) NO2(g) + Cl2(g)

2NO2Cl(g) 2NO2(g) + Cl2(g)

(a) Write the overall balanced equation.(b) Determine the molecularity of each step.(c) Is there an intermediate?

rate2 = k2 [NO2Cl][Cl]

(1) NO2Cl(g) NO2(g) + Cl (g)(2) NO2Cl(g) + Cl (g) NO2(g) + Cl2(g)

(a)Step(1) is unimolecular.Step(2) is bimolecular.

(b)

rate1 = k1 [NO2Cl](c)

(d) What is the rate law for each step?(e) If the experimental rate law is found to be 1st order which reaction is rate-limiting?

A catalyst is any substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed in the reaction.

A catalyst increases reaction rate in both directions by increasing k via lowering the activation energy, Ea of the reaction.

The reaction thermodynamics (enthalpy, entropy) are unaffected!

The catalyzed reaction proceeds via a different reaction mechanism than the uncatalyzed reaction.

Uncatalyzed Pathway Catalyzed

Pathway

No change in the yield of the reaction!

Energy diagram of an uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction

Both reactionshave the same enthalpy, ∆H

Catalystslower the activation energy, Ea

Reaction Progress

Pote

ntia

l Ene

rgy

Uncatalyzed

Catalyzed

Ea Uncatalyzed

Ea Catalyzed

Reactants

Products

Ea No

Catalyst

Ea No

Catalyst

16-

Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

CATALYSTS

•Each catalyst has its own specific way of functioning.•In general a catalyst lowers the energy of activation.•Lowering the Ea increases the rate constant, k, and thereby increases the rate of the reaction•A catalyst increases the rate of the forward AND the reverse reactions.•A catalyzed reaction yields the products more quickly, but does not yield more product than the uncatalyzed reaction.•A catalyst lowers Ea by providing a different mechanism, for the reaction through a new, lower energy pathway.

There are two general classes of catalysts heterogeneous catalysts and homogeneous catalysts.

Heterogeneous catalysis, the reactants and the catalysts are in different phases (solid catalysts in liquid reactions or solid catalyst for gases.

In homogeneous catalysis, the reactants and the catalysts are dispersed in a single phase, usually a liquid.

• Haber synthesis of ammonia

• Ostwald process for the production of nitric acid

• Catalytic converters

• Acid catalysis

• Base catalysis

CO + Unburned Hydrocarbons + O2 CO2 + H2Ocatalytic

converter

2NO + 2NO2 2N2 + 3O2catalytic

converter

Catalysts are used in catalytic converters to reduce nitrogen oxides and to clean up unburned HC’s

Heterogeneous Catalysis: Metal-catalyzed hydrogenation of ethylene the ethane

H2C=CH2(g) + H2(g) H3C-CH3(g) Ni, Pd or Pt catalyst

Enzyme Catalysis Enzyme catalysis occurs in all life-forms through specialized proteins known as enzymes. Catalysis of biochemical reactions in the cell is vital due to the very low reaction rates of the uncatalysed reactions

Read pages 709-710 as there will be a question from the reading

The Haber process is the reaction of N2 and H2 over an enriched iron catalyst to produce NH3(g). The Haber process is important because ammonia is difficult to produce on an industrial scale, and the fertilizer generated from the ammonia is responsible for sustaining one-third of the Earth's population.