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John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 [email protected] Wednesday, 27 October 2010 Concrete Airport Pavement Workshop Renaissance Concourse Hotel – Atlanta, Georgia

John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 [email protected] Wednesday,

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Page 1: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E.4 Lawn Street

Oviedo, FL 32765407-365-7229

[email protected]

Wednesday, 27 October 2010Concrete Airport Pavement Workshop

Renaissance Concourse Hotel – Atlanta, Georgia

Page 2: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Design�– 3�agency�“policies”� Army� Air�Force/Air�National�Guard� Navy/Marine/Coast�Guard

� Construction�– 2�agency�“policies”� Army/Air�Force/Air�National�Guard� Navy/Marine/Coast�Guardy

Page 3: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Basic�data�need�to�know:

� Agency��(just�discussed)

� Aircraft/Airfield�Type

� Subgrade�Strength

Page 4: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

f� Rotary�Wing�functions� Transport� TacticalMost�Rotary�Wing�Airfields�6�– 12�inches�PCC

� Airlift� Equipment� Personnel� 12�– 20�inches�PCC

Page 5: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� USAF/ANG�use�same�standards� Base�normally�has�one�primary�y p ymission�aircraft:� Fighters��g� Airlift/Tankers� BombersBombers

Page 6: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Fighter� “Light�Load�Airfield”� 400,000�passes�F�15�C/D��(�68,000�lb)� 400�passes�C�17�(590,000�lb)

Ai lift� Airlift� “Medium�Load�Airfield”

lb� 100,000�passes�F�15�E�(�81,000�lb)� 400,000�passes�C�17��(590,000�lb)� 400 passes B 52 (400 000 lb)� 400�passes�B�52�(400,000�lb)

Page 7: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

f� Bomber��“�Heavy�Load�Airfield”� 100,000�passes�F�15�E�(81,000�lb)� 200,000�passes�C�17�(590,000�lb)� 120,000�passes�B�52�(480,000�lb)*

*Combat�Load

Page 8: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Carriers/Destroyers/Subs�Primary�Missions� Shore�based�airfields�are�support/training

� (a.k.a.�less�funding)� Navy�Standard�Traffic�(Peace�Time�Weight)

� 300,000�passes�F�14�(72,000�lb)� 150,000�passes�P�3�(135,000�lb)� 15,000�passes�C�17�(585,000�lb)� 10,000�passes�KC�10�(590,000�lb)p

Page 9: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

d l l1.��Pentagon�develops�War�Plan

E i N b fT2.��Estimate�Number�of�Targets

T i i fi h3.��Targets�require�rotary�wing,�fighters,bombers,�UAVs

4.��Support�/�Logistics�� airlift/tanker�missions

Page 10: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

f5.�War�Planners�determine�number�of�Light,�Medium�and�Heavy�Load�airfields�to�win

6.�No�time�to�rebuild�airfield�during�war

7.�Therefore,�life�of�each�airfield�is…

“One�standard�war”

Page 11: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

d l f S b d k ( )� Modulus�of�Subgrade�Reaction,�k,�psi/in�(pci)� Typically�100�200�psi/in;�outside�that�range�is�

lunusual� Essentially�a�“spring�constant”

� Concrete�slab�thickness�equations�based�upon�b d b h i “d li id” hsubgrade�behaving�as�a�“dense�liquid”�when�

loaded:

Page 12: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� HWD�Best� 55,000�lb�load

d� 200�points�/�day� DoD�tests�on

l5�year�cycle

Page 13: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� CBR/k�Correlations�usingField�or�Lab�CBRs

� Field�CBRs�� Existing�Pavement�Only� 18�inch�test�pits� Several�hours�plus�

patching/cure�timeField�CBR�in�Afghanistan

Page 14: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

f� Bulk�samples�from�multiple�borings�or�test�pits

� 4�day�soak�CBR

� 4�6�weeks�for�sampling�and�testing

Page 15: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Agency�Policies�Differ

� Aircraft�Type

� Subgrade�k

Page 16: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Army/Navy�/Air�Force�use�same�spec

bd� UFGS�32�13�11����www.wbdg.org

�DISCONTINUED�SMALL�PROJECT,“LESS�THAN�10,000�CY”�SPEC

Page 17: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� ASR�/�Deicer�/�Accelerated�ASR� De�Icer��/�Accelerated�ASR�(expected�to�be�removed�from�

i t di h)requirements�pending�research)

� Combined�/�Optimized�Gradation� Beam/Cylinder & w/c Correlations� Beam/Cylinder��&�w/c�Correlations� Paver� Test Section� Test�Section

Page 18: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Cement/admixture�alkali+aggregate�silica�+�water�=�expansive�reaction

Apron Expansion Shoves Asphalt Shoulder-damage shown required

Cracking after 10 years, Channel Islands, California

g qreplacement every 6 months

Page 19: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� 0.08%�maximum�expansion�at�28�days� FAA�is�0.10%�at�28�days;�� ASTM�C��1260�is�0.10%�at�14�days

� Considering�easing�based�upon�observed�performance�(Tigerbrain�involved�with�revision)

� Deicer� considering�removing�requirement�based�upon�pending�research

Page 20: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Use�Combined�MaterialsW k bilit d C F t� Workability�and�Coarseness�Factors� WF:��Percent�Pass�No.�8�Sieve� CF:��3/8�Retained�%�/�No.�8�Retained�%

� Percent�Aggregate�Retained� 0.45�Power�Curve

(See�also�ACPA�2009�Annual�Meeting�Presentation�)

Page 21: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

45

Paving BoxWell�Graded,Minus 3/4"

Sandy

35

40

Factor

Paving�BoxMinus�3/4 ,Not�ForPaving HAND

SIDE

30

Worka

bility� Coarse,�

Gap�Graded

Rocky

SLIP

25

W Rocky,�DO�NOT�PLOT�BELOW�LOWER�LIMIT

20

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Coarseness�Factor

Page 22: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

45Paving Box

40

ctor

Paving�Box

Well�Graded,Minus�3/4",Not�For

Sandy

HAND

SIDE

30

35

orka

bility�Fa

c

Coarse,�Gap�Graded

Paving

Rocky,�

SLIP

SIDE

25

Wo DO�NOT�PLOT�

BELOW�LOWER�LIMIT

20

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Coarseness�Factor

Page 23: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

30

35Percent�Retained

Combined�Aggregates

20

25

aine

d

10

15

Percen

t�Reta

0

5

2"

1�1/2" 1"

3/4"

1/2"

3/8"

No.�4

No.�8

No.�16

No.�30

No.�50

No.�100

0

US�Standard�Sieve

Page 24: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

90

1000.45�Power�Curve

CombinedAggregates

60

70

80

ent�P

assing

Combined�Aggregates

30

40

50

mbine

d�Pe

rce

""""""4860000

0

10

20Com

2"

1.5"1"

3/4"

1/2"

3/8"

No.�4

No.�8

No.�16

No.�30

No.�50

No.�100

No.�200

Sieve�to�0.45�power

Page 25: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Thickness�based�upon�90�day�beam�strength

d d f� Purpose:��Avoid�waiting�90�days�for�results/payment

� Requires�Laboratory�Study�Prior�to�Paving

� Army�&�Air�Force�(Navy�uses�28�day�beams�w/o�correlations)

Page 26: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� 14�day�:�90�day�beam�(or�cylinder)�correlations

f� Project�specific� 6�beams�@�3,�7�,�14,�28,�90�days�� 3�different�w/c�ratio’s�(to�consider�climate�change�during�production�

� Therefore,��90�Beams� For�14�day�cylinder�:�90�day�beam�ratio,�

ADDITIONAL�90�cylinders

Page 27: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� 7�day�:�90�day�used�for�QC�dd t if l t th di t d� add�more�cement�if�low�strength�predicted

Still i b l t� Still�require�2�beams�per�lot

C l ti t i� Correlations�are�extensive

Page 28: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

What theO ner ideall ants from the Pa er� What�the�Owner�ideally�wants�from�the�Paver:� Consolidation

l f� Flat�surface� No�excess�slurry/paste� Square,�solid�corners� Flat�edges

All�preferably�without�people�touching�the�concrete

Page 29: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Central�Mix�on�site/ample�delivery�fleet� Ensure�paver/vibrators�work� Flat�pan;�flat,�solid�slipforms

� No�thin,�ragged,�bent,�torn�steel� Optimize�Mix�to�Paver

� Paper�/�software�analysis� Several�5�cy�+�batches�in�yard�5 y y� Trial�paving/pours�before�test�section� Core/full depth sawcut for visual inspectionCore/full�depth�sawcut�for�visual�inspection�

Page 30: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Equipment�Tigerbrain�has�worked�with�and�easily�meet�the�Paver�Wants:� Gomaco� Guntert�&�Zimmerman� Wirtgen� Allen�Form�rider�Pavers�(heavy�model)( y )

Page 31: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Following equipment may be possible to meet� Following�equipment�may�be�possible�to�meet�the�Paver�Wants,�but�must�demonstrate�process is under control to consistently meetprocess�is�under�control�to�consistently�meet�Paver�Wants:� Trusses ( t bl t d d f dd h d ld d t l� Trusses�(acceptable�standard�for�odd�shaped�areas;�welded�steel�

performs�better�than�aluminum)

� Roller�Screed*� Bridge�Deck*� Laser Screed* (Navy allowed on 2 projects)Laser�Screed (Navy�allowed�on�2�projects)

*Expect�strong�negative�reaction/rejection��from�DoD

Page 32: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

� Additional�test�batches�to�match�mix�to�paver�and�labor

� Use�3+�spud�vibrators

� Trial�pours�prior�to�test�section

� Sawcut�full�depth�to�demonstrate�l dconsolidation,�no�segregation�or�excess�paste

Page 33: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

After Taliban Attack, June 2010, Afghanistan (one member of escort detail survived to report; USAF flew in contractor’s backup paver)

Page 34: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

Nighttime paving due to wind and heat; moon and artificial lights enabled mortar attacks (bad aim-no injuries)

Page 35: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

Afternoon sandstorm moving in gat MiG junkyard

Haul road through thousands of Soviet-era mines on Base (markedes o se ( edwith white painted rocks)

Page 36: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

Gomaco pan thin andthin andragged

Gun tower

Used vibrating truss for entire 35,000 square meterentire 35,000 square meterapron

Page 37: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

44 meter ConcreteT-Walls; deflectsgunfirefrom bad guys

PCC w/ 10% silicaPCC w/ 10% silicafume and superplasticizer

Page 38: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

Dover AFB, Atlantic Contracting

Page 39: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

West Virginia

Page 40: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

West Virginia

Page 41: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

APAC-Tennessee

Page 42: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

AJAX-Detroit

Page 43: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

Not Quite…

Page 44: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

Got it!

Page 45: John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. - CEI Enterprises, Inc. · 2017. 1. 27. · John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 4 Lawn Street Oviedo, FL 32765 407-365-7229 jranderson@tigerbrain.com Wednesday,

John R. Anderson, Ph.D., P.E. 407-365-7229 [email protected]